生理 in 30 Seconds
- Physiology is the study of how living things function.
- It covers the normal processes of bodies, plants, and animals.
- Often used in science, medicine, and health discussions.
- It's about the 'how' and 'why' of life's workings.
The Chinese word 生理 (shēnglǐ) is a noun that refers to the physiology of living organisms. In simpler terms, it describes the normal functions and processes of the body or any living thing. Think of it as the science of how living things work.
This term is frequently used in academic contexts, especially in biology, medicine, and health sciences. However, it also appears in everyday conversations when discussing health, bodily functions, or even psychological states that are rooted in physical processes. For instance, people might talk about 生理 changes during puberty, 生理 needs, or the 生理 basis of certain emotions.
- Core Meaning
- The normal functioning of living organisms and their parts.
- Academic Usage
- Common in biology, medicine, and health-related fields.
- Everyday Usage
- Discussing bodily functions, health changes, or physical needs.
Understanding the 生理 mechanisms is crucial for diagnosing diseases.
Adolescents experience significant 生理 development.
We need to consider the 生理 needs of the elderly.
The word is composed of two characters: 生 (shēng), meaning 'life' or 'birth', and 理 (lǐ), meaning 'reason', 'logic', or 'principle'. Together, they form the 'principles of life' or 'the logic of life's functions', which accurately captures the essence of physiology.
- Etymological Breakdown
- 生 (shēng) - life, birth
- 理 (lǐ) - principle, reason, logic
Using 生理 correctly involves understanding its role as a noun referring to the functions and processes of living organisms. It often appears in contexts related to health, science, and the natural workings of the body.
In academic and medical discussions, 生理 is used to describe specific biological functions. For example, a doctor might explain the 生理 changes a patient is experiencing. In a more general sense, it can refer to the basic needs or functions common to all living beings. For instance, discussing the 生理 needs of animals would use this term.
- Academic/Medical Context
- Used when discussing specific biological processes, diseases, or treatments.
- General Health Context
- Refers to the natural functions and requirements of the body.
- Developmental Context
- Describes physical changes during different life stages.
The textbook covers the 生理 of the human body in great detail.
When talking about emotions or psychological states, 生理 can be used to indicate their physical basis. For example, someone might say that their fatigue is due to 生理 factors rather than psychological ones. It's also common to see it in phrases like 生理需求 (shēnglǐ xūqiú - physiological needs) or 生理现象 (shēnglǐ xiànxiàng - physiological phenomenon).
Exercise is important for maintaining good 生理 health.
She is studying the 生理 responses of plants to light.
In discussions about reproduction or gender, 生理 can also refer to biological sex characteristics. For example, '生理性别' (shēnglǐ xìngbié) refers to biological sex.
- Common Collocations
- 生理需求 (shēnglǐ xūqiú) - physiological needs
- 生理变化 (shēnglǐ biànhuà) - physiological changes
- 生理功能 (shēnglǐ gōngnéng) - physiological function
- 生理周期 (shēnglǐ zhōuqī) - menstrual cycle (specifically for females)
You'll encounter the word 生理 (shēnglǐ) in a variety of settings, predominantly where biological functions, health, and scientific concepts are discussed. Its usage spans from formal academic lectures to more casual conversations about well-being.
In Educational Institutions: In high school and university biology, anatomy, and physiology classes, 生理 is a fundamental term. Teachers and textbooks will use it extensively when explaining how organs work, how systems function, and the processes that keep living things alive. You'll hear phrases like '人类生理学' (rénlèi shēnglǐ xué - human physiology) or '动植物生理' (dòng zhíwù shēnglǐ - animal and plant physiology).
- Academic Settings
- Universities, colleges, high schools (biology, medicine, health sciences).
- Medical Contexts
- Hospitals, clinics, doctor's offices, health consultations.
The doctor explained the 生理 basis for my symptoms.
In Healthcare Settings: Doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals frequently use 生理 when communicating with patients or colleagues. They might discuss a patient's 生理 condition, 生理 changes due to age or illness, or the 生理 effects of medication. For example, a doctor might say, 'This medication affects your 生理 functions.'
We need to monitor the patient's 生理 signs closely.
In Health and Wellness Discussions: In everyday conversations about diet, exercise, sleep, or mental health, 生理 can be used to refer to the body's natural needs and processes. For instance, someone might discuss their 生理 rhythms or how stress impacts their 生理 state. It's also common in discussions about puberty, menstruation ('生理周期' - shēnglǐ zhōuqī), or pregnancy.
The documentary explained the 生理 adaptations of desert animals.
In Scientific Research and Publications: Naturally, research papers, scientific journals, and conference presentations in fields like biology, medicine, neuroscience, and psychology will heavily feature 生理. It's used to describe experimental findings related to bodily functions and mechanisms.
- Other Contexts
- Animal care and veterinary science.
- Sports science and physical education.
- Discussions about physical development in children and adolescents.
When learning 生理 (shēnglǐ), English speakers might make a few common mistakes, often related to overgeneralization or confusion with similar-sounding concepts.
1. Confusing生理 with 'Psychology' or 'Mental State': While 生理 can relate to the physical basis of emotions or mental states, it does not mean 'psychology' itself. Psychology (心理学 - xīnlǐ xué) is the study of the mind and behavior. 生理 is strictly about the physical functions. For example, saying 'My 生理 is bad today' when you mean 'I feel mentally unwell' is incorrect. It should be related to a physical discomfort or dysfunction.
- Mistake 1: Confusing with Psychology
- Incorrect: 我今天生理不好 (Wǒ jīntiān shēnglǐ bù hǎo) - I'm not feeling well mentally today.
- Correct: 我今天心情不好 (Wǒ jīntiān xīnqíng bù hǎo) - I'm not in a good mood today. OR 我今天身体不舒服 (Wǒ jīntiān shēntǐ bù shūfú) - I'm not feeling well physically today.
Mistake: Using 生理 to describe emotional states directly.
2. Overusing it for General 'Body' or 'Physical': While 生理 relates to the physical body, it's more specific than just 'body' (身体 - shēntǐ) or 'physical' (物理的 - wùlǐ de). It specifically refers to the *functions* and *processes* of the body. Using 生理 when you simply mean 'physical' in a general sense can sound unnatural or overly technical. For example, instead of saying 'I need to do some 生理 exercise', it's better to say 'I need to do some physical exercise' (我需要做一些体育锻炼 - Wǒ xūyào zuò yīxiē tǐyù duànliàn).
- Mistake 2: Overgeneralizing 'Physical'
- Incorrect: 我需要做生理运动 (Wǒ xūyào zuò shēnglǐ yùndòng) - I need to do physiological exercise.
- Correct: 我需要做体育锻炼 (Wǒ xūyào zuò tǐyù duànliàn) - I need to do physical exercise. OR 我需要一些身体活动 (Wǒ xūyào yīxiē shēntǐ huódòng) - I need some physical activity.
Mistake: Using 生理 when referring to equipment or inanimate objects.
3. Misunderstanding Specific Contexts: While 生理 can relate to biological sex characteristics (e.g., 生理性别 - shēnglǐ xìngbié), it's not a direct synonym for 'gender' in all contexts. Gender identity (性别认同 - xìngbié rèntóng) is a separate concept. Also, be aware that '生理周期' (shēnglǐ zhōuqī) most commonly refers to the menstrual cycle for females and is not a general term for any biological cycle.
- Mistake 3: Contextual Misunderstandings
- Misunderstanding: 生理周期 (shēnglǐ zhōuqī) can mean any biological cycle.
- Clarification: While it literally means 'physiological cycle', it's most commonly understood as the menstrual cycle. For other biological cycles (e.g., circadian rhythm), different terms might be used.
Understanding 生理 (shēnglǐ) is enhanced by comparing it with similar Chinese words and identifying appropriate alternatives. These distinctions often lie in specificity, context, and formality.
1. 身体 (shēntǐ) - Body: This is the most general term for the physical body of a person or animal. While 生理 describes the *functions* of the body, 身体 refers to the body as a whole entity. You might feel unwell in your 身体 (shēntǐ), and a doctor might examine your 身体 (shēntǐ) to understand your 生理 (shēnglǐ) condition.
- 生理 vs. 身体
- 生理 (shēnglǐ): Focuses on the functions and processes of living organisms.
- 身体 (shēntǐ): Refers to the physical body itself.
- Example: 他的身体不太好，需要注意生理健康。(Tā de shēntǐ bù tài hǎo, xūyào zhùyì shēnglǐ jiànkāng.) - His body is not very well; he needs to pay attention to his physiological health.
生理 relates to how the body works; 身体 is the body itself.
2. 生理学 (shēnglǐ xué) - Physiology: This is the academic discipline or field of study. 生理 is the noun referring to the subject matter itself (the functions), while 生理学 is the science that studies these functions. You would study 生理学 (shēnglǐ xué) to learn about 生理 (shēnglǐ).
- 生理 vs. 生理学
- 生理 (shēnglǐ): The actual functions and processes.
- 生理学 (shēnglǐ xué): The scientific study of these functions.
- Example: 这本书是关于动物生理学的。(Zhè běn shū shì guānyú dòngwù shēnglǐ xué de.) - This book is about animal physiology.
生理学 is the study of 生理.
3. 生殖 (shēngzhí) - Reproduction: This term specifically refers to the biological process of reproduction. While reproduction is a crucial physiological function, 生理 is a much broader term that encompasses all bodily functions, not just reproduction. You might discuss the 'reproductive system's physiological functions' (生殖系统的生理功能 - shēngzhí xìtǒng de shēnglǐ gōngnéng).
- 生理 vs. 生殖
- 生理 (shēnglǐ): All normal bodily functions.
- 生殖 (shēngzhí): Specifically, the act or process of reproduction.
- Example: 生殖是生物体最重要的生理功能之一。(Shēngzhí shì shēngwùtǐ zuì zhòngyào de shēnglǐ gōngnéng zhī yī.) - Reproduction is one of the most important physiological functions of living organisms.
Reproduction is a specific physiological function.
4. 生理反应 (shēnglǐ fǎnyìng) - Physiological Reaction: This is a common phrase where 生理 is used as an adjective or part of a compound noun. It refers to the body's natural, often involuntary, response to a stimulus. For example, a 'physiological reaction to stress' (对压力的生理反应 - duì yālì de shēnglǐ fǎnyìng).
- Related Phrases
- 生理需求 (shēnglǐ xūqiú) - physiological needs (e.g., hunger, thirst, sleep).
- 生理周期 (shēnglǐ zhōuqī) - menstrual cycle (common usage).
- 生理盐水 (shēnglǐ yánshuǐ) - physiological saline (a solution with a salt concentration similar to body fluids).
How Formal Is It?
Fun Fact
The term 'physiology' was first used in English in the 16th century. Initially, it referred to the study of nature in a broader sense, encompassing philosophy and natural history. Over time, it became more specifically associated with the biological functions of living beings.
Pronunciation Guide
- Mispronouncing the 'o' sound in the third syllable (e.g., saying 'o' like in 'go' instead of 'ah' or 'ol').
- Incorrect stress placement, for example, stressing the first or second syllable.
- Confusing the 'g' sound, making it too hard like in 'go' instead of the soft 'j' sound.
- Adding unnecessary sounds or syllables.
- Pronouncing the 'i's too strongly, making it sound overly clinical.
Difficulty Rating
CEFR B1. The word '生理' itself is relatively straightforward, but its application in complex scientific or medical texts can increase the difficulty. Understanding its nuances in relation to other biological terms is key.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Advanced
Grammar to Know
Using '生理' as part of a compound noun.
生理周期 (shēnglǐ zhōuqī) - menstrual cycle. Here, '生理' modifies '周期' (cycle) to specify it's a physiological one.
Using '生理' with '的' (de) to modify another noun.
生理原因 (shēnglǐ yuányīn) - physiological reasons. '生理' acts like an adjective describing '原因' (reasons).
Using '生理上' (shēnglǐ shàng) as an adverbial phrase.
从生理上讲，我们需要休息。(Cóng shēnglǐ shàng jiǎng, wǒmen xūyào xiūxi.) - Physiologically speaking, we need rest.
Combining '生理' with verbs to describe processes.
调节生理功能 (tiáojié shēnglǐ gōngnéng) - regulate physiological functions.
Using '生理' in contexts of scientific study.
研究生理学 (yánjiū shēnglǐ xué) - study physiology.
Examples by Level
婴儿需要生理上的照顾。
Infants need physical care.
This usage is a bit advanced for A1, focusing on 'physical' needs rather than 'physiological'. A more typical A1 sentence would be simpler, but this illustrates a common, albeit slightly broader, usage.
动物有生理需求，比如吃和喝。
Animals have basic needs, like eating and drinking.
Focuses on basic needs which are physiological in nature.
我们都需要睡觉来满足生理需要。
We all need to sleep to meet our physical needs.
Connects sleep to 'physiological needs'.
植物也有生理过程。
Plants also have life processes.
Introduces the idea of life processes in plants.
这个药物对生理有影响。
This medicine affects the body's functions.
Simple statement about a medicine's effect on the body.
运动对身体生理有好处。
Exercise is good for the body's functions.
Links exercise to positive effects on the body.
了解生理很重要。
Understanding how the body works is important.
Basic statement about the importance of understanding bodily functions.
它是一种生理现象。
It is a natural bodily phenomenon.
Describes something as a natural bodily event.
青少年时期是生理变化很大的阶段。
Adolescence is a stage of significant physical changes.
Connects '生理' with developmental changes.
这些症状可能是由生理原因引起的。
These symptoms might be caused by physiological reasons.
Used to explain the cause of symptoms.
我们需要满足基本的生理需求才能生存。
We need to satisfy basic physiological needs to survive.
Highlights survival needs.
这个研究关注的是植物的生理过程。
This research focuses on the physiological processes of plants.
Specific application to plant biology.
长跑运动员需要有良好的生理素质。
Long-distance runners need good physical condition.
Relates '生理' to physical fitness and ability.
睡眠不足会影响人的生理功能。
Lack of sleep can affect a person's bodily functions.
Shows the impact of external factors on '生理'.
了解动物的生理有助于保护它们。
Understanding animal physiology helps in their conservation.
Connects understanding '生理' to conservation efforts.
她的身体出现了一些生理上的不适。
She experienced some physical discomfort.
Used to describe physical discomfort.
我们正在学习人类的生理结构和功能。
We are learning about the physiological structure and functions of the human body.
Introduces '生理结构' (physiological structure).
这种疾病的发生与多种生理因素有关。
The occurrence of this disease is related to multiple physiological factors.
Links '生理' to the causes of illness.
保持规律的作息是维持正常生理功能的基础。
Maintaining a regular routine is the basis for normal physiological functions.
Emphasizes routine for maintaining '生理功能'.
环境变化会引起动物一系列的生理反应。
Environmental changes can cause a series of physiological reactions in animals.
Introduces '生理反应' (physiological reaction).
通过体育锻炼可以改善心血管系统的生理功能。
Cardiovascular system's physiological functions can be improved through physical exercise.
Specific application to the cardiovascular system.
许多情绪问题可能源于生理上的失衡。
Many emotional problems may stem from physiological imbalances.
Connects emotional issues to underlying '生理' imbalances.
生理周期是女性生殖健康的重要指标。
The menstrual cycle is an important indicator of female reproductive health.
Specific usage of '生理周期' for the menstrual cycle.
研究人员正在探索大脑的生理机制。
Researchers are exploring the physiological mechanisms of the brain.
Focuses on '生理机制' (physiological mechanisms).
理解不同年龄段的生理特点对于制定有效的健康计划至关重要。
Understanding the physiological characteristics of different age groups is crucial for developing effective health plans.
Uses '生理特点' (physiological characteristics) and emphasizes importance.
长期的压力会对人体的生理系统产生负面影响。
Long-term stress can have negative impacts on the human body's physiological systems.
Discusses the impact of stress on '生理系统' (physiological systems).
这种药物通过调节神经递质来影响大脑的生理活动。
This drug affects the physiological activity of the brain by regulating neurotransmitters.
Detailed explanation involving neurotransmitters and '生理活动' (physiological activity).
进化生物学研究生物体如何通过生理适应来应对环境挑战。
Evolutionary biology studies how organisms adapt physiologically to environmental challenges.
Connects '生理' to adaptation and evolution.
运动生理学是研究运动对人体生理功能影响的学科。
Exercise physiology is the discipline that studies the effects of exercise on human physiological functions.
Defines a sub-discipline: '运动生理学' (Exercise Physiology).
许多慢性疾病的根源在于长期的生理紊乱。
The root cause of many chronic diseases lies in long-term physiological disorders.
Links chronic diseases to '生理紊乱' (physiological disorders).
通过基因工程，科学家试图纠正某些遗传性疾病的生理缺陷。
Through genetic engineering, scientists attempt to correct the physiological defects of certain hereditary diseases.
Discusses correcting '生理缺陷' (physiological defects) via gene editing.
了解睡眠的生理机制对于改善睡眠质量至关重要。
Understanding the physiological mechanisms of sleep is crucial for improving sleep quality.
Focuses on understanding the '生理机制' of sleep.
该研究深入探讨了昼夜节律对人体各项生理功能的影响。
This research deeply explores the impact of circadian rhythms on various physiological functions of the human body.
Uses advanced vocabulary like '昼夜节律' (circadian rhythm) and '各项生理功能' (various physiological functions).
免疫系统的复杂生理调控对于维持机体稳态至关重要。
The complex physiological regulation of the immune system is vital for maintaining organismal homeostasis.
Discusses '生理调控' (physiological regulation) and '稳态' (homeostasis).
在极端环境下，生物体需要启动一系列生理代偿机制以求生存。
In extreme environments, organisms need to initiate a series of physiological compensatory mechanisms for survival.
Introduces '生理代偿机制' (physiological compensatory mechanisms).
神经科学的研究揭示了意识产生的底层生理基础。
Neuroscience research reveals the underlying physiological basis of consciousness.
Connects consciousness to its '生理基础' (physiological basis).
表观遗传学的发现表明，环境因素可以通过改变基因表达来影响生理状态。
Epigenetic discoveries indicate that environmental factors can influence physiological states by altering gene expression.
Discusses epigenetics and its influence on '生理状态' (physiological state).
衰老是一个涉及多系统、多层面的生理过程。
Aging is a physiological process involving multiple systems and levels.
Describes aging as a complex '生理过程' (physiological process).
利用生物反馈技术，个体能够学习如何主动调控某些生理指标。
Using biofeedback technology, individuals can learn to actively regulate certain physiological indicators.
Introduces '生物反馈' (biofeedback) and '生理指标' (physiological indicators).
对癌症的深入研究不仅关注其病理学，也日益重视其生理学上的异常。
In-depth research on cancer not only focuses on its pathology but also increasingly emphasizes its physiological abnormalities.
Highlights the importance of '生理学上的异常' (physiological abnormalities) in disease research.
该跨学科项目旨在阐明肠道菌群与宿主生理之间的复杂互作网络。
This interdisciplinary project aims to elucidate the complex network of interactions between the gut microbiota and host physiology.
Uses advanced terminology like '肠道菌群' (gut microbiota) and '互作网络' (interaction network) in relation to '宿主生理' (host physiology).
通过模拟人体在不同重力条件下的生理响应，可以为太空探索提供重要依据。
Simulating the human physiological response under different gravitational conditions can provide important data for space exploration.
Discusses '生理响应' (physiological response) in the context of space exploration.
干细胞的定向分化是再生医学领域探索的关键生理学问题。
The directed differentiation of stem cells is a key physiological question being explored in the field of regenerative medicine.
Focuses on '定向分化' (directed differentiation) as a '生理学问题' (physiological question).
内分泌系统在维持机体稳态和调控复杂的生理过程方面扮演着核心角色。
The endocrine system plays a central role in maintaining organismal homeostasis and regulating complex physiological processes.
Highlights the endocrine system's role in '生理过程' (physiological processes) and '稳态' (homeostasis).
近期研究揭示了炎症反应在多种神经退行性疾病的生理病理学中的作用。
Recent research reveals the role of inflammatory responses in the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases.
Discusses '生理病理学' (pathophysiology) concerning inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.
量化分析不同生理信号的动态变化，有助于我们更深入地理解生命活动的本质。
Quantitatively analyzing the dynamic changes of different physiological signals helps us gain a deeper understanding of the essence of life activities.
Emphasizes '量化分析' (quantitative analysis) of '生理信号' (physiological signals) to understand '生命活动' (life activities).
在濒危物种的繁育计划中，精确掌握其繁殖生理学是成功的关键。
In breeding programs for endangered species, accurately understanding their reproductive physiology is key to success.
Focuses on '繁殖生理学' (reproductive physiology) for conservation.
利用计算生理学模型，我们可以预测药物在人体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程。
Using computational physiology models, we can predict the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the human body.
Introduces '计算生理学模型' (computational physiology models) for drug prediction.
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
— Physiologically; in terms of bodily functions.
从生理上讲，婴儿需要更多的睡眠。(Cóng shēnglǐ shàng jiǎng, yīng'ér xūyào gèng duō de shuìmián.) - Physiologically speaking, infants need more sleep.
— Physiological reasons; reasons related to bodily functions.
他的疲劳是由于生理原因。(Tā de píláo shì yóuyú shēnglǐ yuányīn.) - His fatigue is due to physiological reasons.
— Physiological regulation; the body's control of its internal environment.
体温的生理调节非常重要。(Tǐwēn de shēnglǐ tiáojié fēicháng zhòngyào.) - The physiological regulation of body temperature is very important.
— Physiological signal; a measurable indicator of bodily function (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure).
医生监测了病人的生理信号。(Yīshēng jiāncè le bìngrén de shēnglǐ xìnhào.) - The doctor monitored the patient's physiological signals.
— Physiological health; the state of having a healthy body and its functions.
均衡饮食有助于维持生理健康。(Jūnhéng yǐnshí yǒu zhù yú wéichí shēnglǐ jiànkāng.) - A balanced diet helps maintain physiological health.
— Physiological limitations; the boundaries of what the body can do.
每个人都有一定的生理限制。(Měi gèrén dōu yǒu yīdìng de shēnglǐ xiànzhì.) - Everyone has certain physiological limitations.
— Physiological basis; the underlying biological foundation for a phenomenon.
这种情感反应有其生理基础。(Zhè zhǒng qínggǎn fǎnyìng yǒu qí shēnglǐ jīchǔ.) - This emotional response has its physiological basis.
— Disruption of the physiological cycle (often referring to menstrual irregularities).
压力可能导致生理周期紊乱。(Yālì kě néng dǎozhì shēnglǐ zhōuqī wěnluàn.) - Stress can lead to disruption of the physiological cycle.
— Physiological adaptation; the body's adjustment to environmental conditions.
人类的生理适应能力很强。(Rénlèi de shēnglǐ shìyìng nénglì hěn qiáng.) - Human physiological adaptation ability is very strong.
— Physiological (adjective); relating to or characteristic of normal bodily functions.
这是正常的生理性反应。(Zhè shì zhèngcháng de shēnglǐ xìng fǎnyìng.) - This is a normal physiological reaction.
Often Confused With
'生理' (shēnglǐ) refers to the physical functions of the body, while '心理' (xīnlǐ) refers to the mind, emotions, and psychological states. They are distinct but often interconnected. For example, stress can have both '生理' and '心理' effects.
'身体' (shēntǐ) means 'body' in a general sense, referring to the physical structure. '生理' refers to the *functions* and *processes* of that body. You have a '身体', and it performs '生理' functions.
'生活' (shēnghuó) means 'life' or 'to live'. It's a much broader term related to existence and daily activities, whereas '生理' is specifically about the biological workings.
Idioms & Expressions
— Eating and sexual desire are fundamental human instincts. While not directly containing '生理', this ancient saying touches upon basic physiological drives that are core to human nature and survival, which are studied in physiology.
孔子说：食色性也，这是人最基本的生理冲动。(Kǒngzǐ shuō: Shí sè xìng yě, zhè shì rén zuì jīběn de shēnglǐ chōngdòng.) - Confucius said: Eating and sexual desire are fundamental human instincts, these are the most basic physiological urges of humans.
Classical Chinese / Philosophical— The will is strong, but the physical strength is lacking. This idiom highlights a disconnect between mental desire and physical capability, touching upon the limitations of physiological resources.
他想完成这个项目，但由于年龄太大，生理上已经力不从心了。(Tā xiǎng wánchéng zhège xiàngmù, dàn yóuyú niánlíng tài dà, shēnglǐ shàng yǐjīng lì bù cóng xīn le.) - He wants to complete this project, but due to his old age, physiologically he is already unable to muster the strength.
General— Exhausted; worn out. This describes a state of severe physiological depletion of energy.
经过马拉松比赛，选手们都精疲力尽，他们的生理机能达到了极限。(Jīngguò mǎlāsōng bǐsài, xuǎnshǒu men dōu jīng pí lì jìn, tāmen de shēnglǐ jīnéng dádàole jíxiàn.) - After the marathon, the athletes were all exhausted; their physiological functions had reached their limits.
General— In the prime of one's youth; full of vigor. This idiom describes the robust physiological state of young people, characterized by high energy and strong bodily functions.
年轻人血气方刚，是学习和探索的最佳时期，他们的生理机能也最为旺盛。(Niánqīng rén xuè qì fāng gāng, shì xuéxí hé tànsuǒ de zuì jiā shíqī, tāmen de shēnglǐ jīnéng yě zuìwéi wàngshèng.) - Young people are in the prime of their youth, the best period for learning and exploration, and their physiological functions are also at their peak.
General— Unbearably hungry and thirsty. This refers to extreme physiological needs that are difficult to endure.
在沙漠中迷路的人会面临饥渴难耐的生理挑战。(Zài shāmò zhōng mílù de rén huì miànlín jī kě nán nài de shēnglǐ tiǎozhàn.) - People lost in the desert face the physiological challenge of unbearable hunger and thirst.
General— Immune to all illnesses; in perfect health. This describes an ideal state of physiological resilience and robust health.
他坚持锻炼，饮食健康，希望达到百病不侵的生理状态。(Tā jiānchí duànliàn, yǐnshí jiànkāng, xīwàng dádào bǎi bìng bù qīn de shēnglǐ zhuàngtài.) - He insists on exercise and a healthy diet, hoping to achieve a physiological state of being immune to all illnesses.
General— Heartbeat quickens. This is a common physiological response to excitement, fear, or exertion.
听到好消息，她的心跳加速，这是一种生理反应。(Tīngdào hǎo xiāoxi, tā de xīntiào jiāsù, zhè shì yī zhǒng shēnglǐ fǎnyìng.) - Upon hearing good news, her heart rate increased; this is a physiological reaction.
General— Breathing rapidly or shortness of breath. Another common physiological response to exertion or distress.
剧烈运动后，呼吸急促是正常的生理现象。(Jùliè yùndòng hòu, hūxī jícù shì zhèngcháng de shēnglǐ xiànxiàng.) - Shortness of breath after strenuous exercise is a normal physiological phenomenon.
General— Body, hair, and skin; often used in the context of filial piety, meaning one should not damage what one received from parents. It refers to the physical body, which is the subject of physiological study.
古人认为身体发肤受之父母，不可损伤，这涉及对生理的尊重。(Gǔrén rènwéi shēntǐ fā fū shòu zhī fùmǔ, bùkě sǔnshāng, zhè shèjí duì shēnglǐ de zūnzhòng.) - Ancient people believed that the body, hair, and skin are received from parents and should not be damaged, which involves respect for the physical self and its physiology.
Classical Chinese / Cultural— Profound; penetrating. While this idiom primarily describes depth of understanding or skill, in a metaphorical sense, understanding physiology requires delving 'three inches into the wood' – a deep and thorough exploration of the body's functions.
这位医生对人体生理的理解入木三分，总能找到病根。(Zhè wèi yīshēng duì réntǐ shēnglǐ de lǐjiě rù mù sān fēn, zǒng néng zhǎodào bìnggēn.) - This doctor's understanding of human physiology is profound; he can always find the root of the illness.
Figurative / GeneralEasily Confused
Its meaning is closely tied to 'body' and 'function', which can overlap with other Chinese words.
<strong>生理 (shēnglǐ)</strong> specifically refers to the normal functions and processes of living organisms. It's about 'how life works' biologically. <strong>身体 (shēntǐ)</strong> refers to the physical body itself. You can have a healthy or unhealthy '身体', and that '身体' performs '生理' functions. <strong>心理 (xīnlǐ)</strong> refers to the mind, emotions, and psychological states, which are distinct from physical functions, though often related.
他身体很好，但最近心理压力很大，影响了他的生理状态。(Tā shēntǐ hěn hǎo, dàn zuìjìn xīnlǐ yālì hěn dà, yǐngxiǎng le tā de shēnglǐ zhuàngtài.) - His body is very healthy, but recently the psychological stress is very high, affecting his physiological state.
Can be confused with general terms for 'function' or 'operation'.
<strong>生理 (shēnglǐ)</strong> is exclusively used for the biological functions of living beings. <strong>功能 (gōngnéng)</strong> is a more general term for 'function' and can apply to machines, systems, or even abstract concepts. For example, 'the function of a computer' is '电脑的功能' (diànnǎo de gōngnéng), not '电脑的生理'.
这个软件的功能是数据分析。(Zhège ruǎnjiàn de gōngnéng shì shùjù fēnxī.) - The function of this software is data analysis.
The character '理' (lǐ) can mean 'reason' or 'logic', leading to potential misinterpretations.
While '理' can mean logic, in <strong>生理 (shēnglǐ)</strong>, it refers to the 'principles' or 'order' of life's processes. It's about the inherent workings of nature. <strong>道理 (dàolǐ)</strong>, which also uses '理', means 'reason', 'principle', or 'truth' in a more philosophical or practical sense. You might understand the '道理' of a situation, but you study the '生理' of a body.
他讲的道理很有说服力。(Tā jiǎng de dàolǐ hěn yǒu shuōfú lì.) - The reasoning he presented is very convincing.
Can be confused with terms related to reproduction.
<strong>生理 (shēnglǐ)</strong> covers all normal bodily functions. <strong>生殖 (shēngzhí)</strong> specifically refers to reproduction. While reproduction is a physiological function, '生理' is a much broader term. For example, '生理周期' (shēnglǐ zhōuqī) commonly refers to the menstrual cycle, which is a specific reproductive-related physiological process, but '生理' itself is not limited to this.
生殖是生物繁衍后代的方式。(Shēngzhí shì shēngwù fányǎn hòudài de fāngshì.) - Reproduction is the way organisms perpetuate their species.
The term '生理期' (shēnglǐ qī) is often used, which can lead to confusion with other cyclical processes.
<strong>生理 (shēnglǐ)</strong> is the core term for 'physiology'. <strong>生理期 (shēnglǐ qī)</strong> specifically refers to a physiological period, most commonly the menstrual period for women. While it uses '生理', it's a specific application. Other physiological cycles, like circadian rhythms, might be referred to differently (e.g., 生理节律 - shēnglǐ jiélǜ).
她的生理期推迟了几天。(Tā de shēnglǐ qī tuīchí le jǐ tiān.) - Her menstrual period is a few days late.
Sentence Patterns
Subject + 有 + [生理需求/生理变化]
婴儿有生理需求，比如吃奶。(Yīng'ér yǒu shēnglǐ xūqiú, bǐrú chī nǎi.) - Infants have physiological needs, such as drinking milk.
[某事物] + 影响 + [生理/生理功能]
不规律的作息会影响生理功能。(Bù guīlǜ de zuòxī huì yǐngxiǎng shēnglǐ gōngnéng.) - Irregular routines affect physiological functions.
了解 + [生理/生理过程]
了解植物的生理过程有助于农业发展。(Lǐjiě zhíwù de shēnglǐ guòchéng yǒu zhù yú nóngyè fāzhǎn.) - Understanding plant physiological processes contributes to agricultural development.
这是 + [生理原因/生理现象]
他的脸色苍白是由于生理原因。(Tā de liǎnsè cāngbái shì yóuyú shēnglǐ yuányīn.) - His pale complexion is due to physiological reasons.
对于 + [某事] + 来说，+ [生理/生理功能] + 很重要
对于运动员来说，保持良好的生理状态很重要。(Duìyú yùndòngyuán lái shuō, bǎochí liánghǎo de shēnglǐ zhuàngtài hěn zhòngyào.) - For athletes, maintaining a good physiological state is very important.
研究 + [生理/生理机制/生理学]
科学家们正在研究睡眠的生理机制。(Kēxuéjiāmen zhèngzài yánjiū shuìmián de shēnglǐ jīzhì.) - Scientists are studying the physiological mechanisms of sleep.
Subject + 涉及 + [生理/生理过程/生理系统]
衰老是一个复杂的生理过程。(Shuāilǎo shì yīgè fùzá de shēnglǐ guòchéng.) - Aging is a complex physiological process.
[某因素] + 对 + [生理/生理功能] + 产生 + [影响/作用]
长期压力会对人体的生理功能产生负面影响。(Chángqí yālì huì duì réntǐ de shēnglǐ gōngnéng chǎnshēng fùmiàn yǐngxiǎng.) - Long-term stress can have negative effects on the human body's physiological functions.
Word Family
Nouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Related
How to Use It
Common, especially in academic, medical, and health-related contexts.
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Using '生理' to mean 'psychological' or 'mental state'.
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Use '心理' (xīnlǐ) for psychological or mental aspects.
'生理' refers strictly to physical bodily functions. '心理' refers to the mind and emotions. For example, 'I feel physically unwell' is '我感觉生理不舒服' (Wǒ gǎnjué shēnglǐ bù shūfú), but 'I feel mentally unwell' is '我感觉心理不舒服' (Wǒ gǎnjué xīnlǐ bù shūfú) or '我心情不好' (Wǒ xīnqíng bù hǎo).
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Using '生理' as a general term for 'body' or 'physical'.
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Use '身体' (shēntǐ) for 'body' and '物理的' (wùlǐ de) or '身体上的' (shēntǐ shàng de) for general 'physical'.
'生理' is about the *functions* of the body, not the body itself or just being physical in a broad sense. For instance, 'physical exercise' is usually '体育锻炼' (tǐyù duànliàn), not '生理锻炼'.
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Confusing '生理' with 'life' or 'living'.
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Use '生命' (shēngmìng) for 'life' or 'living things'.
While '生' (shēng) means 'life', '生理' specifically refers to the *functions* of life, not life itself. '生命' is the broader concept of existence.
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Using '生理' for inanimate objects or systems.
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Use terms like '功能' (gōngnéng - function), '运作' (yùnzuò - operation), or '机制' (jīzhì - mechanism) for non-living things.
'生理' is exclusively applied to living organisms. You would not talk about the '生理' of a car or a computer; you would talk about its '功能' or '运作'.
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Misinterpreting '生理周期' as any biological cycle.
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Understand that '生理周期' most commonly refers to the menstrual cycle.
While technically meaning 'physiological cycle', in common usage, '生理周期' almost always refers to the menstrual cycle in females. For other biological cycles, more specific terms might be used.
Tips
Focus on Function
Remember that '生理' specifically refers to the normal functions and processes of living organisms. It's about 'how things work' biologically, not just the physical structure or general existence.
Academic and Medical Domains
You'll most frequently encounter '生理' in academic settings (biology, medicine) and when discussing health, diseases, or bodily changes. Pay attention to these contexts to solidify your understanding.
Connect to 'Physical Logic'
Link '生理' to the English concept of 'physical logic' or 'the principles of how the physical body works'. Visualizing diagrams of bodily systems can also aid memory.
Differentiate from '心理'
Always distinguish '生理' (physical functions) from '心理' (mind/emotions). While related, they represent different aspects of human experience.
Learn Common Phrases
Mastering common collocations like '生理需求' (physiological needs), '生理变化' (physiological changes), and '生理功能' (physiological functions) will significantly boost your fluency and comprehension.
Specificity Matters
Be aware that '生理' is often used in more specific compound terms like '生理周期' (menstrual cycle) or '生理盐水' (physiological saline). Understanding these specific applications enriches your vocabulary.
Active Recall
Actively try to use '生理' in your own sentences when discussing health or biology. Write short paragraphs explaining bodily functions or health concepts, incorporating the word.
Master the Stress
Pay attention to the pronunciation, especially the stress on the third syllable ('OL' in 'physiology'). Correct pronunciation aids understanding and makes your own speaking clearer.
Greek Roots
Remembering the Greek roots 'physi-' (nature) and '-logy' (study) helps understand that physiology is the 'study of nature's functions'.
Cultural Relevance
Consider how concepts of health and bodily well-being are viewed in Chinese culture, which often values balance and natural processes, aligning with the general idea behind '生理'.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'physical' (physio-) and 'logic' (-logy). Physiology is the 'logic' or the 'science' of how the 'physical' body works. Imagine a scientist logically explaining the physical processes inside a body.
Visual Association
Picture a detailed diagram of the human body with all its organs and systems highlighted, showing arrows indicating blood flow, nerve signals, and other functions. This visual represents the complex 'logic' of the 'physical' body.
Word Web
Challenge
Try to explain a simple bodily function, like how you digest food or how your muscles move, using the word '生理' at least three times. For example, 'Digestion is a complex physiological process. My body uses specific physiological mechanisms to break down food. Understanding these physiological steps helps us maintain good health.'
Word Origin
The word 'physiology' comes from Ancient Greek. It is derived from 'physiologia' (φυσιολογία), which itself is a compound of 'physis' (φύσις), meaning 'nature', and '-logia' (-λογία), meaning 'study of'. Thus, it literally means 'the study of nature'.
Original meaning: The study of nature, which later specialized to mean the study of the functions of living organisms.
Indo-European > Hellenic > Ancient GreekCultural Context
When discussing '生理', particularly terms like '生理周期' (menstrual cycle) or '生理性别' (biological sex), it's important to be mindful of cultural norms and personal sensitivities. While scientifically neutral, these topics can be considered private or sensitive in certain contexts.
In English-speaking cultures, 'physiology' is primarily a scientific term used in academic and medical contexts. While general public awareness exists, it's less likely to be used in casual conversation compared to terms like 'health' or 'how the body works'.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Medical consultations and health advice
- 生理原因 (shēnglǐ yuányīn)
- 生理不适 (shēnglǐ bùshì)
- 生理指标 (shēnglǐ zhǐbiāo)
- 生理健康 (shēnglǐ jiànkāng)
Biology and science education
- 生理学 (shēnglǐ xué)
- 生理过程 (shēnglǐ guòchéng)
- 生理功能 (shēnglǐ gōngnéng)
- 生理结构 (shēnglǐ jiégòu)
Discussions about human or animal development
- 生理变化 (shēnglǐ biànhuà)
- 生理需求 (shēnglǐ xūqiú)
- 生理发育 (shēnglǐ fāyù)
- 生理周期 (shēnglǐ zhōuqī)
Sports science and physical fitness
- 生理极限 (shēnglǐ jíxiàn)
- 生理反应 (shēnglǐ fǎnyìng)
- 生理负荷 (shēnglǐ fùhè)
- 生理耐力 (shēnglǐ nàilì)
Research papers and academic journals
- 生理机制 (shēnglǐ jīzhì)
- 生理调控 (shēnglǐ tiáojié)
- 生理参数 (shēnglǐ cānshù)
- 生理模型 (shēnglǐ móxíng)
Conversation Starters
"Have you ever learned about human physiology in school? What was the most interesting part?"
"When we talk about '生理', what kind of bodily functions come to your mind first?"
"How do you think understanding '生理' helps us lead healthier lives?"
"Are there any '生理' changes you find particularly fascinating, like those during puberty or aging?"
"In what situations do you think it's important to use the specific term '生理' instead of just 'body'?"
Journal Prompts
Reflect on a time you experienced a noticeable physiological change (e.g., during illness, intense exercise, or puberty). Describe it using the term '生理'.
Imagine you are explaining the concept of '生理' to a child. How would you simplify it using analogies and examples?
Consider the relationship between your mental state and your physical '生理' state. How do they influence each other?
Think about the '生理需求' that are most important to you daily. How do you ensure they are met?
Research a specific physiological process (e.g., digestion, sleep, immune response) and write a short summary explaining its '生理' aspects.
Frequently Asked Questions
10 questions'生理' (shēnglǐ) refers to the physical functions and processes of living organisms – how the body works. '心理' (xīnlǐ) refers to the mind, emotions, thoughts, and psychological states. While they are distinct, they are often interconnected; for example, stress (心理) can affect your physiological functions (生理).
No, '生理' is exclusively used for living organisms (humans, animals, plants). For machines or systems, you would use words like '功能' (gōngnéng - function) or '运作' (yùnzuò - operation).
'生理需求' (shēnglǐ xūqiú) means physiological needs. These are the basic requirements for survival and well-being, such as the need for food, water, sleep, air, and maintaining body temperature.
While '生理周期' (shēnglǐ zhōuqī) most commonly refers to the menstrual cycle in women, it literally means 'physiological cycle'. In broader scientific contexts, it could refer to other biological cycles, but in everyday conversation, it almost always implies the menstrual cycle.
'身体' (shēntǐ) refers to the physical body as a whole entity. '生理' refers to the *functions* and *processes* that the body performs. You have a '身体', and it carries out '生理' functions. For example, your '身体' might be tired, and this impacts your '生理' functions like energy levels.
Yes, '生理' can function like an adjective, often by directly preceding a noun to form a compound term (e.g., '生理功能' - physiological function, '生理反应' - physiological reaction). Sometimes, '生理的' (shēnglǐ de) is used, but it's less common than direct compounding.
The academic field is '生理学' (shēnglǐ xué), which translates to 'physiology'. It is the scientific study of the normal functions of living organisms and their parts.
Yes, common mistakes include confusing it with '心理' (psychological), overgeneralizing it to mean any 'physical' aspect instead of specific functions, or misunderstanding its specific context, like '生理周期' usually meaning the menstrual cycle.
Try describing simple bodily processes (like breathing or digesting) using the word '生理'. Also, practice with common phrases like '生理需求' and '生理变化' in sentences. Reading scientific or health-related articles in Chinese can expose you to more examples.
'生理盐水' (shēnglǐ yánshuǐ) is physiological saline. It's a solution of salt in water that has a specific concentration similar to that of body fluids, making it safe for medical uses like cleaning wounds or intravenous drips.
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Summary
生理 (shēnglǐ) refers to the normal functions and processes of living organisms, essentially how they work at a biological level. It's a fundamental concept in biology and medicine.
- Physiology is the study of how living things function.
- It covers the normal processes of bodies, plants, and animals.
- Often used in science, medicine, and health discussions.
- It's about the 'how' and 'why' of life's workings.
Focus on Function
Remember that '生理' specifically refers to the normal functions and processes of living organisms. It's about 'how things work' biologically, not just the physical structure or general existence.
Academic and Medical Domains
You'll most frequently encounter '生理' in academic settings (biology, medicine) and when discussing health, diseases, or bodily changes. Pay attention to these contexts to solidify your understanding.
Connect to 'Physical Logic'
Link '生理' to the English concept of 'physical logic' or 'the principles of how the physical body works'. Visualizing diagrams of bodily systems can also aid memory.
Differentiate from '心理'
Always distinguish '生理' (physical functions) from '心理' (mind/emotions). While related, they represent different aspects of human experience.
Example
由于长途飞行，他的生理时钟被打乱了。
Related Content
This Word in Other Languages
More science words
吸收
A1To absorb; to take in.
海拔
B1The height of an object or place above sea level.
属性
B1A quality or feature that is typical of or belongs to something or someone.
生物
B1Any living thing, or the study of living organisms. Basic term for IELTS biology-related reading passages.
模糊
A1Blurry; vague; indistinct.
呼吸
A1To breathe; respiration.
燃烧
A1To burn; combustion.
计算
A1To calculate; to compute; to determine a value mathematically.
推算
B1To calculate, estimate, or figure out something using data, logic, or mathematical methods. It implies a process of reasoning from known facts to unknown values.
校准
B1To calibrate, adjust, or check for accuracy against a standard. It is used for instruments, data, or plans.
