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A1 noun #1,200 mais comum 11 min de leitura

اشتباه

eshtebah Top 1,200

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Explicação اشتباه in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'eshtebāh' is one of the first abstract nouns you should learn. It is primarily used in the context of apologizing or identifying simple errors. You will mostly use it with the verb 'kardan' (to do) to say 'I made a mistake' (Man eshtebāh kardam). At this stage, you don't need to worry about the complex nuances of synonyms; 'eshtebāh' is your universal word for 'wrong'. You will also see it used as an adjective to describe the 'wrong' thing, like 'shomāre-ye eshtebāh' (wrong number). It's a survival word that helps you navigate the inevitable errors of being a beginner learner. You should focus on the basic sentence structure: [Subject] + [eshtebāh] + [verb]. For example: 'In eshtebāh ast' (This is a mistake). Understanding this word helps you feel more comfortable making mistakes yourself, as you now have the vocabulary to acknowledge them politely in Persian.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'eshtebāh' in more varied contexts, such as school, work, and daily errands. You will learn to use it with the 'ezāfe' construction to describe specific types of mistakes, like 'eshtebāh-e man' (my mistake) or 'eshtebāh-e bozorg' (big mistake). You will also start using the phrase 'eshtebāh gereftan' (to mistake for), which is very common in social interactions. For example, 'I mistook him for my teacher.' At this level, you should also be able to distinguish between 'eshtebāh' and 'ghalat' in simple terms—using 'ghalat' for a wrong answer on a test and 'eshtebāh' for a general misunderstanding. You'll also start hearing the passive form 'eshtebāh shodan' (a mistake happened), which is useful for being polite and less direct when pointing out someone else's error.

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At the B1 level, 'eshtebāh' moves beyond simple errors into the realm of opinions and discussions. You can use it to talk about 'eshtebāhāt-e gozashte' (past mistakes) and how people learn from them. You will encounter the word in more complex grammatical structures, such as 'agar eshtebāh nakonam' (if I'm not mistaken), which is a common filler phrase in conversation. You'll also start to see the word in news reports and articles, often paired with more advanced adjectives like 'fāhesh' (blatant) or 'jozi' (minor). At this stage, you should be comfortable using 'eshtebāh' to describe not just actions, but also 'fekr-e eshtebāh' (wrong thinking) or 'tasmim-e eshtebāh' (wrong decision). You're beginning to understand the social weight of the word and how it fits into the broader Persian culture of humility and politeness.

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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of the various collocations and idiomatic uses of 'eshtebāh'. You will use it in professional and academic settings to describe 'eshtebāh-e mohāsebāti' (calculative error) or 'eshtebāh-e fanni' (technical error). You'll also be able to use the word in the context of 'eshtebāh-e lapi' (slip of the tongue). At this level, you should be able to write essays or give presentations where you analyze the 'eshtebāhāt' of a historical figure or a business strategy. You will also start to use synonyms like 'sahv' and 'khatā' appropriately, knowing when 'eshtebāh' is too general and a more specific term is required. Your understanding of the word now includes its role in complex sentences with relative clauses and conditional statements.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'eshtebāh' becomes nuanced and sophisticated. You understand the philosophical implications of the word in Persian literature and thought. You can discuss 'eshtebāh-e dāvari' (error of judgment) in a legal or ethical sense. You will encounter the word in classical and modern literature, where it might represent a character's tragic flaw. You are also aware of the subtle differences between 'eshtebāh', 'ghalat', 'khatā', 'sahv', and 'ghosur', and you can choose the precise word to convey the exact nature of an error. You can use 'eshtebāh' in high-level debates about politics, philosophy, or science, describing 'eshtebāhāt-e sistemik' (systemic errors) or 'eshtebāh-e roushenfekrāne' (intellectual mistake). Your vocabulary is rich enough to use the word as a springboard for deeper linguistic and cultural analysis.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like command of 'eshtebāh' and all its related terms. You can appreciate the word's etymology and its evolution within the Persian language. You can use it in the most formal academic writing, legal documents, or poetic compositions. You understand the 'eshtebāh-e mahz' (pure mistake) and can use it to emphasize the absolute nature of an error. You can navigate the most complex social situations where admitting or pointing out an 'eshtebāh' requires extreme tact and mastery of 'Taarof'. You can analyze the use of the word in the works of great Persian poets like Rumi or Hafez, where 'eshtebāh' might be used to describe the human soul's confusion in the material world. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a tool for profound expression and cultural insight.

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اشتباه em 30 segundos

Eshtebāh means 'mistake' or 'error' in Persian.
It is a polite and versatile word used in all social registers.
Commonly used with the verb 'kardan' (to make a mistake).
Derived from an Arabic root meaning 'resemblance' or 'confusion'.

The Persian word اشتباه (pronounced 'eshtebāh') is a fundamental noun in the Persian language, primarily translating to 'mistake' or 'error' in English. At its core, it refers to an action, judgment, or statement that is incorrect, misguided, or based on a misunderstanding. Unlike some other terms for 'wrongness' in Persian, eshtebāh carries a broad range of nuances, from a simple slip of the tongue to a significant life error. It is derived from the Arabic root 'sh-b-h', which relates to resemblance or similarity; thus, the etymological essence of the word suggests a situation where one thing is confused with another because they look alike. This nuance is vital for learners to understand: an 'eshtebāh' is often a 'confusion' or a 'misidentification' rather than a malicious act.

Daily Usage: In everyday Persian, you will hear this word constantly. Whether someone is apologizing for a minor bump on the street or a professional is acknowledging a calculation error in a report, 'eshtebāh' is the go-to term. It is polite and objective.
Social Nuance: In the context of Iranian 'Taarof' (social etiquette), admitting a mistake using 'eshtebāh' is seen as a sign of humility and self-awareness. It is less harsh than 'ghalat', which can sometimes sound accusatory or overly blunt.

ببخشید، من اشتباه کردم که دیر آمدم.
(Bebakhshid, man eshtebāh kardam ke dir āmadam.)
Sorry, I made a mistake by coming late.

The word is versatile. It can function as a noun ('This is a mistake') or as part of a compound verb with 'kardan' (to do/make). Interestingly, it can also be used as an adjective in certain informal contexts to mean 'wrong' or 'incorrect', such as 'rāh-e eshtebāh' (the wrong path). When you are learning Persian, mastering 'eshtebāh' allows you to navigate social friction with grace. It provides a way to acknowledge errors without necessarily taking on heavy moral guilt, focusing instead on the factual inaccuracy of the situation.

این آدرس اشتباه است.
(In ādres eshtebāh ast.)
This address is wrong.

Furthermore, 'eshtebāh' is used in academic and legal settings to describe procedural errors. In these contexts, it might be paired with modifiers like 'fāhesh' (blatant) or 'jozi' (minor). For instance, an 'eshtebāh-e fāhesh' in a court case could lead to a retrial. This demonstrates the word's range from the mundane to the highly consequential. Understanding the breadth of 'eshtebāh' is a key step in moving from basic Persian to a more nuanced, intermediate level of fluency.

او اشتباه بزرگی مرتکب شد.
(U eshtebāh-e bozorgi mortakeb shod.)
He committed a big mistake.

Compound Verbs: The most common verb form is 'eshtebāh kardan'. However, 'eshtebāh gereftan' (to mistake one thing for another) is also very frequent in daily speech.

من شما را با برادرتان اشتباه گرفتم.
(Man shomā rā bā barādar-etān eshtebāh gereftam.)
I mistook you for your brother.

فکر می‌کنم اینجا یک اشتباه شده است.
(Fekr mikonam injā yek eshtebāh shode ast.)
I think a mistake has occurred here.

Using اشتباه correctly requires understanding its grammatical roles. It primarily functions as a noun, but its interaction with verbs like 'kardan' (to do), 'shodan' (to become), and 'gereftan' (to take) defines its meaning in context. In its simplest form, 'eshtebāh' is the subject or object of a sentence. For example, 'Eshtebāh-e man bud' (It was my mistake). Here, the 'e' (ezāfe) connects 'eshtebāh' to 'man' (me), showing possession of the error.

Active vs. Passive: When you say 'Man eshtebāh kardam', you are taking active responsibility. When you say 'Eshtebāh shod', you are describing the occurrence of a mistake more impersonally, which can be useful in professional settings to avoid direct blame.

من در محاسباتم اشتباه کردم.
(Man dar mohāsebātam eshtebāh kardam.)
I made a mistake in my calculations.

Another crucial construction is 'eshtebāh gereftan'. This is used when you confuse one person or thing for another. The structure is usually '[Object A] rā bā [Object B] eshtebāh gereftan'. This is a common source of humor or confusion in daily life, such as calling someone by the wrong name or picking up the wrong bag at the airport. Mastering this specific phrasal construction is a sign of advancing proficiency.

نمک را با شکر اشتباه گرفتم.
(Namak rā bā shekar eshtebāh gereftam.)
I mistook the salt for sugar.

In more formal or literary Persian, you might encounter 'eshtebāh' paired with the verb 'mortakeb shodan' (to commit). This is used for more serious errors or transgressions. While 'eshtebāh kardan' is fine for a typo, 'mortakeb-e eshtebāh shodan' might be used in a political analysis or a historical text discussing a general's failed strategy. This distinction helps you adjust your register according to the situation.

او مرتکب یک اشتباه استراتژیک شد.
(U mortakeb-e yek eshtebāh-e esterātezhik shod.)
He committed a strategic mistake.

Negative Sentences: To say 'It's not a mistake', you use 'eshtebāh nist'. To say 'I didn't make a mistake', you use 'eshtebāh nakardam'.

این یک اشتباه نیست، یک انتخاب است.
(In yek eshtebāh nist, yek entekhāb ast.)
This is not a mistake, it is a choice.

آیا من اشتباه شنیدم؟
(Āyā man eshtebāh shenidam?)
Did I hear incorrectly? (Literally: Did I hear a mistake?)

You will encounter اشتباه in almost every facet of Iranian life. In the classroom, a teacher might point out an 'eshtebāh-e nevegāri' (writing mistake) or an 'eshtebāh-e dikte' (spelling mistake). In the workplace, colleagues might discuss an 'eshtebāh-e fanni' (technical error) that caused a system delay. The word is pervasive because it is the standard, polite way to address inaccuracy without being unnecessarily harsh.

In the Media: News anchors often use 'eshtebāh' when reporting on diplomatic misunderstandings or economic miscalculations. You might hear 'eshtebāh-e mohāsebāti' (calculative error) in financial news.
Customer Service: If you receive the wrong order at a restaurant, you might say 'Eshtebāh shode' (A mistake has happened). This is a very common and non-confrontational way to ask for a correction.

ببخشید، فکر کنم در صورتحساب اشتباه شده است.
(Bebakhshid, fekr konam dar surat-hesāb eshtebāh shode ast.)
Excuse me, I think there has been a mistake in the bill.

In movies and TV dramas, 'eshtebāh' is a central theme in plots involving mistaken identities or tragic misunderstandings. A character might lament, 'In bozorgtarin eshtebāh-e zendegi-ye man bud' (This was the biggest mistake of my life). This emotional weight shows that while the word is used for typos, it also carries the gravity of life-altering decisions. In the realm of technology, Persian software interfaces use 'eshtebāh' for error messages, such as 'Eshtebāh dar ettesāl' (Error in connection).

شماره را اشتباه گرفته‌اید.
(Shomāre rā eshtebāh gerefte-id.)
You have dialed the wrong number.

On the street, you might hear 'rāh rā eshtebāh raftim' (we went the wrong way) while navigating. In sports, commentators frequently mention 'eshtebāh-e dāvari' (refereeing error) or 'eshtebāh-e fardi' (individual mistake by a player). The word is so deeply integrated into the fabric of the language that it feels natural in every register, from the most formal legal decree to the most casual conversation between friends. Its frequency makes it one of the most important 'survival' words for any learner of Persian.

همه ما گاهی اشتباه می‌کنیم.
(Hame-ye mā gāhi eshtebāh mikonim.)
We all make mistakes sometimes.

Literature: In Persian poetry and prose, 'eshtebāh' is often contrasted with 'haqiqat' (truth) or 'dorosti' (correctness), serving as a metaphor for the human condition and our tendency to lose our way.

این یک اشتباه تاریخی است.
(In yek eshtebāh-e tārikhi ast.)
This is a historical mistake.

One of the most common mistakes for English speakers learning Persian is confusing اشتباه (eshtebāh) with غلط (ghalat). While both can mean 'mistake' or 'wrong', they are not always interchangeable. 'Ghalat' often refers to something that is objectively incorrect, like a math answer or a spelling error. It can also carry a harsher, more judgmental tone. Saying 'Ghalat kardi' to someone is a very strong insult (meaning 'You did something very wrong/bad' or 'How dare you'), whereas 'Eshtebāh kardi' is a neutral statement that they made a mistake.

Ghalat vs. Eshtebāh: Use 'ghalat' for technical errors or objective falsity. Use 'eshtebāh' for general mistakes, misunderstandings, or when you want to be polite.

این کلمه را غلط نوشتی.
(In kalame rā ghalat neveshti.)
You wrote this word incorrectly (objective error).

Another mistake is using the wrong verb. Beginners often try to translate 'make a mistake' literally. In Persian, you 'do' a mistake (eshtebāh kardan). Using 'sākhtan' (to make/build) or other verbs would be incorrect. Additionally, learners sometimes forget the ezāfe when using 'eshtebāh' as an adjective. It must be 'javāb-e eshtebāh' (the wrong answer), not just 'javāb eshtebāh'.

او راه اشتباه را انتخاب کرد.
(U rāh-e eshtebāh rā entekhāb kard.)
He chose the wrong path.

Confusion also arises with the word 'khatā'. While 'khatā' also means error, it is more commonly used in sports (like a 'foul' in football) or in very formal, almost religious or legal contexts (like a 'sin' or a 'transgression'). Using 'khatā' for a simple typo in a text message would sound overly dramatic or archaic. Stick to 'eshtebāh' for 90% of daily situations.

داور خطا گرفت.
(Dāvar khatā gereft.)
The referee called a foul (khatā is specific here).

Pronunciation Pitfall: Ensure you don't confuse 'eshtebāh' with 'eshtehā' (appetite). The 'b' sound is crucial!

من اشتها ندارم.
(Man eshtehā nadāram.)
I have no appetite (Don't confuse with eshtebāh!).

While اشتباه is the most common word for mistake, Persian offers a rich palette of alternatives depending on the context and the 'flavor' of the error. Understanding these synonyms will significantly elevate your Persian from basic to advanced. The most direct synonym is غلط (ghalat), which we've discussed as being more objective and sometimes harsher. Another common word is خطا (khatā), which is often used in technical, sporting, or formal contexts.

Sahv (سهو): This refers to an inadvertent error, an oversight, or a slip. It is very useful for apologizing for something you simply forgot or didn't notice. It's softer than 'eshtebāh'.
Laghzesh (لغزش): Literally meaning 'slip' or 'stumble', this is used metaphorically for a moral lapse or a temporary error in judgment.

این یک سهو قلم بود.
(In yek sahv-e ghalam bud.)
This was a slip of the pen (a typo).

In formal writing, you might see نادرستی (nādorosti), which simply means 'incorrectness'. For a 'shortcoming' or 'negligence', the word قصور (ghosur) is used, often in legal or professional accountability contexts. If you want to describe a 'misunderstanding', you can use سوءتفاهم (su-e-tafāhom). This is particularly useful in interpersonal relationships to clarify that no malice was intended.

یک سوءتفاهم کوچک پیش آمد.
(Yek su-e-tafāhom-e kuchek pish āmad.)
A small misunderstanding occurred.

For literary or poetic contexts, کژتابی (kazhtābi) refers to a linguistic ambiguity that leads to a 'wrong' interpretation. This is a very sophisticated word. On the other hand, ناصواب (nāsavāb) is an archaic or highly formal way to say 'improper' or 'incorrect'. By choosing the right word from this list, you can convey exactly how the 'mistake' happened and what its nature was.

او در انجام وظایفش قصور کرد.
(U dar anjām-e vazāyef-ash ghosur kard.)
He was negligent in performing his duties.

Summary Table

Eshtebāh: General mistake (Standard).
Ghalat: Factually wrong (Blunt).
Khatā: Error/Foul (Technical).
Sahv: Oversight (Soft).

این کار ناصواب است.
(In kār nāsavāb ast.)
This action is improper/wrong.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

Because the root means 'resemblance', the word 'eshtebāh' literally implies that you did something wrong because you confused it with something else that looked similar. It's a very 'visual' way of thinking about errors.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /eʃteˈbɒː/

US /eʃteˈbɑː/

The stress is on the final syllable: eshte-BĀH.

Rima com

گناه (Gonāh - Sin) پناه (Panāh - Shelter) نگاه (Negāh - Look) سیاه (Siyāh - Black) ماه (Māh - Moon) راه (Rāh - Way) آه (Āh - Sigh) شاه (Shāh - King)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing the final 'h' too strongly like a 'kh' sound.
Confusing it with 'eshtehā' (appetite) by dropping the 'b'.
Pronouncing the 'e' as a long 'ee' sound.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Missing the 'sh' sound and saying 'estebāh'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 1/5

The word is easy to recognize and common in all texts.

Escrita 2/5

Remembering the 'sh' and 'b' and the final 'h' is important.

Expressão oral 1/5

Very easy to pronounce and essential for daily talk.

Audição 2/5

Can sometimes be confused with 'eshtehā' if the 'b' is swallowed.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

کردن (To do) من (I) ببخشید (Sorry) درست (Correct) غلط (Wrong)

Aprenda a seguir

خطا (Error) سهو (Oversight) جبران کردن (To compensate/make up) تصحیح کردن (To correct) پشیمانی (Regret)

Avançado

هستی‌شناختی (Ontological) استراتژیک (Strategic) مغالطه (Fallacy) سفسطه (Sophistry) قصور (Negligence)

Gramática essencial

Compound Verbs with 'Kardan'

اشتباه + کردن = اشتباه کردن (To make a mistake)

Ezāfe Construction for Possession

اشتباهِ من (My mistake)

Ezāfe Construction for Adjectives

اشتباهِ بزرگ (Big mistake)

Passive with 'Shodan'

اشتباه شد (A mistake happened)

Object Marker 'Rā' with 'Gereftan'

او را اشتباه گرفتم (I mistook him)

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Exemplos por nível

ببخشید، اشتباه کردم.

Sorry, I made a mistake.

Simple past tense of 'eshtebāh kardan'.

این اشتباه است.

This is a mistake.

Using 'eshtebāh' as a predicate noun.

شماره اشتباه است.

The number is wrong.

Adjectival use of 'eshtebāh'.

نام من را اشتباه نوشتی.

You wrote my name wrong.

Adverbial use in a simple sentence.

او اشتباه کرد.

He/She made a mistake.

Third person singular past tense.

اشتباه من بود.

It was my mistake.

Possessive ezāfe construction.

یک اشتباه کوچک.

A small mistake.

Noun with an adjective.

ما اشتباه کردیم.

We made a mistake.

First person plural past tense.

من شما را با برادرم اشتباه گرفتم.

I mistook you for my brother.

Using 'eshtebāh gereftan' construction.

فکر کنم آدرس را اشتباه آمدیم.

I think we came to the wrong address.

Compound verb 'eshtebāh āmadan' (to come the wrong way).

او همیشه اشتباهاتش را قبول می‌کند.

He always accepts his mistakes.

Plural noun 'eshtebāhāt'.

این یک اشتباه بزرگ در امتحان بود.

This was a big mistake in the exam.

Noun phrase with adjective and prepositional phrase.

نباید این اشتباه را دوباره تکرار کنی.

You shouldn't repeat this mistake again.

Modal verb 'nabāyad' with 'eshtebāh'.

آیا در صورتحساب اشتباهی شده است؟

Is there a mistake in the bill?

Passive/Impersonal 'eshtebāhi shodan'.

من کلیدها را اشتباه برداشتم.

I took the wrong keys.

Adverbial use with 'bardāshtan'.

او راه اشتباه را به من نشان داد.

He showed me the wrong way.

Ezāfe construction 'rāh-e eshtebāh'.

اگر اشتباه نکنم، فردا تعطیل است.

If I'm not mistaken, tomorrow is a holiday.

Conditional phrase 'agar eshtebāh nakonam'.

اشتباهات بخشی از فرآیند یادگیری هستند.

Mistakes are part of the learning process.

Abstract plural subject.

او از اشتباهات گذشته‌اش درس گرفته است.

He has learned from his past mistakes.

Prepositional phrase 'az eshtebāhāt'.

این تصمیم یک اشتباه محض بود.

This decision was a pure mistake.

Intensifier 'mahz' (pure/absolute).

من متوجه اشتباه خودم شدم.

I realized my own mistake.

Reflexive 'khod-am' with 'eshtebāh'.

او سعی کرد اشتباهش را جبران کند.

He tried to make up for his mistake.

Infinitive 'jobrān kardan' with 'eshtebāh'.

ممکن است در ترجمه اشتباهی رخ داده باشد.

A mistake might have occurred in the translation.

Formal verb 'rokh dādan' (to occur).

نباید دیگران را به خاطر اشتباهاتشان قضاوت کنیم.

We shouldn't judge others for their mistakes.

Complex sentence with 'ghazāvat kardan'.

این یک اشتباه فاحش در گزارش مالی بود.

This was a blatant mistake in the financial report.

Advanced adjective 'fāhesh' (blatant).

او به اشتباه خود اعتراف کرد.

He confessed to his mistake.

Formal verb 'e'terāf kardan' (to confess).

یک اشتباه لپی باعث خنده همه شد.

A slip of the tongue made everyone laugh.

Idiomatic expression 'eshtebāh-e lapi'.

دولت باید از اشتباهات اقتصادی خود جلوگیری کند.

The government must prevent its economic mistakes.

Political/Economic context.

او به دلیل یک اشتباه اداری اخراج شد.

He was fired due to an administrative mistake.

Compound adjective 'edāri' (administrative).

این فرضیه بر پایه یک اشتباه علمی استوار است.

This hypothesis is based on a scientific mistake.

Academic context 'bar pāye-ye' (based on).

او مدام در محاسباتش دچار اشتباه می‌شود.

He constantly makes mistakes in his calculations.

Verb 'dochār-e ... shodan' (to suffer/incur).

اشتباهات استراتژیک می‌توانند عواقب سنگینی داشته باشند.

Strategic mistakes can have heavy consequences.

Formal plural with 'avāgheb-e sangin'.

نویسنده در تحلیل وقایع تاریخی مرتکب اشتباه شده است.

The author has committed a mistake in analyzing historical events.

Formal verb 'mortakeb shodan'.

این یک اشتباه رایج در درک مفاهیم فلسفی است.

This is a common mistake in understanding philosophical concepts.

Academic adjective 'rāyej' (common).

او با زیرکی تمام اشتباهات رقیبش را آشکار کرد.

He cleverly revealed all of his rival's mistakes.

Adverbial phrase 'bā ziraki-ye tamām'.

اشتباهات سیستماتیک در ساختار سازمان دیده می‌شود.

Systematic mistakes are seen in the organization's structure.

Advanced adjective 'sistemātik'.

او هرگز اجازه نمی‌دهد یک اشتباه دو بار تکرار شود.

He never allows a mistake to be repeated twice.

Complex causative-like structure.

این اشتباه ناشی از عدم تمرکز کافی بود.

This mistake resulted from a lack of sufficient focus.

Formal phrase 'nāshi az' (resulting from).

او در میان اشتباهاتش به دنبال راهی برای رستگاری بود.

Among his mistakes, he was looking for a way to redemption.

Literary context.

تصحیح این اشتباه زمان و هزینه زیادی می‌طلبد.

Correcting this mistake requires a lot of time and cost.

Formal verb 'talabidan' (to require).

اشتباهات هستی‌شناختی در این نظریه به وضوح قابل مشاهده است.

Ontological mistakes in this theory are clearly observable.

Highly academic term 'hasti-shenākhti'.

او با ظرافتی بی‌نظیر، اشتباهات منطقی استدلال را به چالش کشید.

With unique subtlety, he challenged the logical mistakes of the argument.

Formal phrase 'be chālesh keshidan' (to challenge).

این اشتباه تاریخی، سرنوشت یک ملت را تغییر داد.

This historical mistake changed the fate of a nation.

Grand, epic register.

در متون کلاسیک، اشتباه اغلب به عنوان حجابی بر حقیقت توصیف می‌شود.

In classical texts, mistake is often described as a veil over the truth.

Metaphorical/Literary use.

او در گرداب اشتباهات خود غرق شده بود.

He was drowned in the whirlpool of his own mistakes.

Idiomatic/Literary metaphor.

بررسی اشتباهات گذشتگان، چراغ راه آیندگان است.

Examining the mistakes of predecessors is a lamp for the path of successors.

Proverbial/Philosophical style.

او با پذیرش اشتباهاتش، به بلوغ فکری دست یافت.

By accepting his mistakes, he achieved intellectual maturity.

Formal verb 'dast yāftan' (to achieve).

این اشتباه، پیامد ناگزیر یک ساختار معیوب بود.

This mistake was the inevitable consequence of a flawed structure.

Formal adjective 'nāgozir' (inevitable).

Colocações comuns

اشتباه کردن

اشتباه گرفتن

اشتباه فاحش

اشتباه لپی

اشتباه بزرگ

اشتباه محاسباتی

اشتباه تاریخی

اشتباه استراتژیک

اشتباه محض

مرتکب اشتباه شدن

Frases Comuns

اشتباه از من بود

— It was my mistake. Used to take responsibility.

ببخشید، اشتباه از من بود.

اگر اشتباه نکنم

— If I'm not mistaken. Used to hedge a statement.

اگر اشتباه نکنم، ساعت پنج است.

اشتباه نشود

— Let there be no mistake. Used to clarify something.

اشتباه نشود، من با این طرح مخالفم.

به اشتباه افتادن

— To fall into error or be misled.

او به اشتباه افتاد و پولش را باخت.

اشتباه چاپی

— Typo or printing error.

در کتاب چند اشتباه چاپی وجود دارد.

راه را اشتباه رفتن

— To go the wrong way.

ما راه را اشتباه رفتیم.

آدم اشتباه

— The wrong person.

او آدم اشتباهی برای این کار است.

وقت اشتباه

— The wrong time.

در وقت اشتباهی به آنجا رسیدیم.

اشتباه فکری

— Wrong thinking or intellectual error.

این یک اشتباه فکری بزرگ است.

اشتباهات رایج

— Common mistakes.

اشتباهات رایج در یادگیری زبان.

Frequentemente confundido com

اشتباه vs غلط (Ghalat)

Ghalat is for objective wrongness; Eshtebāh is for general mistakes.

اشتباه vs اشتها (Eshtehā)

Eshtehā means appetite; don't drop the 'b' in Eshtebāh.

اشتباه vs خطا (Khatā)

Khatā is more technical (sports/errors) or religious (sin).

Expressões idiomáticas

"اشتباه لپی"

— A slip of the tongue. Literally 'a mistake of the lip'.

ببخشید، یک اشتباه لپی بود.

Informal/Neutral

"اشتباه در اشتباه"

— One mistake after another; a series of errors.

همه کارهایش اشتباه در اشتباه است.

Informal

"به اشتباه انداختن"

— To mislead someone or cause them to make a mistake.

ظاهر او مرا به اشتباه انداخت.

Neutral

"اشتباه فاحش"

— A blatant or glaring mistake.

این یک اشتباه فاحش است.

Formal/Neutral

"یک اشتباه و هزار پشیمانی"

— One mistake and a thousand regrets. Used to warn about serious errors.

مواظب باش، یک اشتباه و هزار پشیمانی.

Proverbial

"اشتباه محاسباتی"

— Miscalculation (often used metaphorically for life decisions).

او دچار اشتباه محاسباتی شد.

Neutral/Formal

"اشتباه گرفتن"

— To mistake (someone/something) for (someone/something else).

او را با سایه اشتباه گرفتم.

Neutral

"اشتباه محض"

— Pure mistake; absolute error.

رفتن به آنجا اشتباه محض است.

Neutral

"اشتباه استراتژیک"

— A strategic mistake (often used in politics or business).

این یک اشتباه استراتژیک بود.

Formal

"اشتباه کردن انسانی است"

— To err is human. (Equivalent to the English proverb).

اشتباه کردن انسانی است، نگران نباش.

Neutral

Fácil de confundir

اشتباه vs غلط

Both mean wrong/mistake.

Ghalat is harsher and refers to factual errors. Eshtebāh is more about judgment or confusion.

جواب امتحان غلط است، اما تصمیم او اشتباه بود.

اشتباه vs سهو

Both mean mistake.

Sahv is specifically an unintentional oversight. Eshtebāh is broader.

ببخشید، این فقط یک سهو بود.

اشتباه vs خطا

Both mean error.

Khatā is used in sports (foul) or formal/technical contexts.

داور خطا گرفت.

اشتباه vs لغزش

Both mean mistake.

Laghzesh is a metaphorical 'slip' in conduct or judgment.

او در جوانی دچار لغزش شد.

اشتباه vs قصور

Both mean mistake.

Ghosur implies negligence or failure to do one's duty.

قصور پزشکی در این پرونده مشهود است.

Padrões de frases

[Subject] [Eshtebāh] [Kardan].

من اشتباه کردم.

[Noun] [Ezāfe] [Eshtebāh] [Verb].

آدرس اشتباه بود.

اگر [Eshtebāh] [Nakonam]...

اگر اشتباه نکنم، او رفت.

[Object] [Rā] bā [Object] [Eshtebāh] [Gereftan].

او را با برادرم اشتباه گرفتم.

[Subject] [Mortakeb-e] [Eshtebāh] [Shodan].

نویسنده مرتکب اشتباه شد.

[Eshtebāh] [Nāshi az] [Noun] [Bud].

این اشتباه ناشی از جهل بود.

این [Eshtebāh] [Ast].

این اشتباه است.

[Eshtebāh-e] [Pronoun] [Bud].

اشتباه من بود.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

اشتباه (Eshtebāh - Mistake)

اشتباهات (Eshtebāhāt - Mistakes/Plural)

Verbos

اشتباه کردن (Eshtebāh kardan - To make a mistake)

اشتباه گرفتن (Eshtebāh gereftan - To mistake for)

به اشتباه انداختن (Be eshtebāh andākhtan - To mislead)

Adjetivos

اشتباه (Eshtebāh - Wrong/Incorrect)

اشتباهی (Eshtebāhi - Accidental/By mistake)

Relacionado

غلط (Ghalat)

خطا (Khatā)

سهو (Sahv)

نادرست (Nādorost)

لغزش (Laghzesh)

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Como usar

frequency

Extremely high; one of the top 500 words in Persian.

Erros comuns

Using 'ghalat' for a polite apology. → Using 'eshtebāh'.
'Ghalat' can be rude or too blunt. 'Eshtebāh' is the safer, more polite choice for personal errors.
Saying 'Man yek eshtebāh sākhtam'. → Saying 'Man eshtebāh kardam'.
Persian uses 'kardan' (to do) for making mistakes, not 'sākhtan' (to build/make).
Forgetting the ezāfe in 'rāh-e eshtebāh'. → Always include the ezāfe when 'eshtebāh' modifies a noun.
In Persian, adjectives follow the noun and are connected by the ezāfe vowel.
Confusing 'eshtebāh' with 'eshtehā'. → Pronouncing the 'b' clearly.
'Eshtehā' means appetite. This is a common phonetic slip for beginners.
Using 'khatā' for a simple typo. → Using 'eshtebāh' or 'sahv'.
'Khatā' is too formal or technical for a minor everyday error like a typo.

Dicas

Use 'Kardan'

Always pair 'eshtebāh' with 'kardan' to mean 'to make a mistake'. Never use 'sākhtan' (to build/make).

Be Indirect

When pointing out someone's error, say 'Eshtebāh shode' (A mistake happened) to be more polite.

Learn 'Sahv'

Use 'sahv' for small, accidental oversights. It makes you sound very fluent and polite.

Don't Drop the 'B'

If you say 'eshtehā', people will think you are talking about your appetite, not your mistake!

Slip of the Tongue

Use 'eshtebāh-e lapi' whenever you mispronounce a Persian word. It's a great way to handle errors.

Ezāfe is Key

Remember the ezāfe when using 'eshtebāh' as an adjective: 'shomāre-ye eshtebāh'.

Humility

Admitting 'eshtebāh kardam' is highly respected in Iranian culture as a sign of honesty.

Context Matters

If you hear 'eshtebāh' in a sports game, it almost always refers to a referee's call.

Plural Forms

Learn 'eshtebāhāt' early, as it appears frequently in news and books.

Hedge Your Words

Use 'agar eshtebāh nakonam' (if I'm not mistaken) to sound more natural in conversation.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'ESH-TE-BAH'. 'ESH' like 'shhh' (quiet, I made a mistake), 'TE' like 'test' (I failed the test), and 'BAH' like 'bah!' (frustration at the mistake).

Associação visual

Imagine two identical keys. You pick the wrong one. That 'confusion' of two similar things is the root of 'eshtebāh'.

Word Web

غلط (Wrong) خطا (Error) سهو (Oversight) ببخشید (Sorry) تصحیح (Correction) پشیمانی (Regret) یادگیری (Learning) تجربه (Experience)

Desafio

Try to use 'eshtebāh kardan' three times today: once for a typo, once for a small misunderstanding, and once when you take the wrong item by accident.

Origem da palavra

The word 'eshtebāh' is a loanword from Arabic. It is the verbal noun (Masdar) of the eighth form (Ifti'āl) of the root 'sh-b-h' (ش-ب-ه).

Significado original: In Arabic, the root relates to 'resemblance', 'similarity', or 'doubt'. The eighth form 'ishtibāh' originally meant 'being confused' or 'being ambiguous' because things look alike.

Semitic (Arabic) root integrated into Indo-European (Persian) grammar.

Contexto cultural

Avoid using 'ghalat' (wrong) when 'eshtebāh' (mistake) is more polite, especially when talking to elders or superiors.

In English, 'mistake' is very direct. In Persian, 'eshtebāh' is similarly common but often used with more 'softening' language around it to maintain social harmony.

Persian proverb: 'Ensān jāyez-ol-khatāst' (Man is permitted/prone to error), which uses the related word khatā. Modern Persian songs often use 'eshtebāh' to describe a failed romance. In Iranian cinema (e.g., Kiarostami or Farhadi), 'eshtebāh' is a recurring theme in human misunderstandings.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

At School

اشتباه در امتحان
اشتباه نوشتن
تصحیح اشتباه
اشتباه لپی

At Work

اشتباه محاسباتی
اشتباه اداری
گزارش پراشتباه
مسئولیت اشتباه

On the Street

راه را اشتباه رفتن
شماره اشتباه
آدرس اشتباه
اشتباهی سوار شدن

In Relationships

اشتباه کردم ببخشید
سوءتفاهم شده
اشتباه از من بود
تکرار اشتباه

In Technology

خطای سیستم
اشتباه در ورود داده
پیام اشتباه
اشتباه فنی

Iniciadores de conversa

"آیا تا به حال اشتباه بزرگی در زندگی‌تان کرده‌اید؟ (Have you ever made a big mistake in your life?)"

"به نظر شما بهترین راه برای جبران یک اشتباه چیست؟ (What do you think is the best way to make up for a mistake?)"

"آیا از اشتباهاتتان درس می‌گیرید؟ (Do you learn from your mistakes?)"

"بدترین اشتباهی که در یادگیری زبان فارسی کردید چه بود؟ (What was the worst mistake you made in learning Persian?)"

"چگونه به کسی بگوییم که اشتباه کرده است بدون اینکه ناراحت شود؟ (How do we tell someone they made a mistake without them getting upset?)"

Temas para diário

درباره زمانی بنویسید که یک اشتباه کوچک باعث یک اتفاق جالب شد. (Write about a time a small mistake led to an interesting event.)

چرا بعضی از مردم از اعتراف به اشتباهاتشان می‌ترسند؟ (Why do some people fear admitting their mistakes?)

یک اشتباه تاریخی را توصیف کنید و نتایج آن را بررسی کنید. (Describe a historical mistake and examine its results.)

چگونه اشتباهات به ما در یادگیری مهارت‌های جدید کمک می‌کنند؟ (How do mistakes help us in learning new skills?)

نامه‌ای به خودتان در گذشته بنویسید و درباره یکی از اشتباهاتتان توضیح دهید. (Write a letter to your past self and explain one of your mistakes.)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Yes, 'eshtebāh' is the standard polite word for mistake. It is much softer than 'ghalat', which can sound aggressive if used to correct someone directly.

Yes, you can. For example, 'rāh-e eshtebāh' means 'the wrong way'. It follows the noun with an ezāfe.

'Eshtebāh kardan' means 'to make a mistake' (active). 'Eshtebāh shodan' means 'a mistake happened' (passive/impersonal). Use the latter to be more indirect.

You can say 'eshtebāhi' or 'az ruye eshtebāh'. For example, 'Eshtebāhi آمدم' (I came by mistake).

It means to mistake one thing for another. For example, 'Man shomā rā bā dustam eshtebāh gereftam' (I mistook you for my friend).

Absolutely. In formal contexts, it is often paired with 'mortakeb shodan' (to commit) or used in phrases like 'eshtebāh-e fāhesh' (blatant error).

The most common plural is 'eshtebāhāt' (Arabic style), but 'eshtebāhhā' (Persian style) is also used, especially in informal speech.

It's an idiom meaning 'a slip of the tongue'. It's used when you say the wrong word by accident.

Not usually. 'Gonāh' is the word for sin. 'Eshtebāh' is more about errors in judgment or fact, though a big mistake can have moral implications.

In formal Persian, yes, it's a soft breathy sound. In casual speech, it's often silent, making the word sound like 'eshtebā'.

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