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B1 noun #8,500 mais comum 6 min de leitura

کیفر

keyfar Top 8,500

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas کیفر em 30 segundos

Explicação کیفر in your Level:

At the A1 level, think of 'keyfar' as a very strong word for 'punishment.' Imagine a story where a bad person does something wrong and then something bad happens to them as a result. That bad thing is 'keyfar.' It is like the 'time-out' you get when you are naughty, but much more serious. You might learn it in the context of basic stories about right and wrong. Just remember: Bad Action -> Keyfar.

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For A2 learners, 'keyfar' is introduced as a formal noun. You should start to see how it differs from 'tanbih' (which you use for kids). 'Keyfar' is what happens in movies when the villain is caught by the police. You can use it in simple sentences like 'The bad man saw his keyfar.' It's a useful word to know when you start reading simple news articles or watching Iranian films where justice is a theme.

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At the B1 level, you should understand that 'keyfar' is often used in legal and formal contexts. You will encounter it in the form of 'keyfari' (criminal). This is the level where you distinguish between 'mojazat' (the general word for punishment) and 'keyfar' (the more dramatic or retribution-focused word). You should be able to use it with verbs like 'didan' (to receive) and 'dadan' (to give/impose).

B2 learners should appreciate the literary and moral weight of 'keyfar.' It isn't just a fine or a jail sentence; it's the concept of 'requital.' At this level, you might encounter the word in editorials or more complex literature. You should also be familiar with compound words like 'keyfar-khast' (indictment). You can use 'keyfar' to discuss social issues, justice systems, and the philosophical idea of consequences.

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At the C1 level, you are expected to use 'keyfar' with precision. You understand its historical roots in Middle Persian and its role in classical poetry. You can discuss the nuance between 'keyfar,' 'oghubat,' and 'jaza.' You might use 'keyfar' in academic writing about law or sociology. You should also be comfortable with its usage in the 'Shahnameh' and how it reflects ancient Iranian concepts of cosmic justice and the 'Farrah' (divine glory).

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C2 mastery involves understanding 'keyfar' as a fundamental pillar of Persian jurisprudence and moral philosophy. You can analyze how the usage of 'keyfar' has evolved from Zoroastrian concepts of retribution to Islamic legal frameworks. You use the word in high-level debates about capital punishment, restorative justice, and the ethics of the penal system. You can interpret subtle shades of meaning in complex legal documents or mystical poetry where 'keyfar' might represent the soul's purification.

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کیفر em 30 segundos

Keyfar is a formal Persian noun meaning 'punishment' or 'retribution,' primarily used in legal, literary, and moral contexts rather than casual household discipline.
It is often paired with verbs like 'didan' (to receive) and 'dadan' (to give), and forms the adjective 'keyfari' meaning 'criminal' or 'penal.'
Historically rooted in Middle Persian, it carries a sense of cosmic balance and 'requital,' making it a heavier word than synonyms like 'tanbih.'
Commonly found in news reports, legal documents (like indictments), and epic poetry, it remains a central concept in Iranian justice and morality.

The Persian word کیفر (keyfar) is a powerful and weighty noun that translates primarily to 'punishment,' 'penalty,' or 'retribution.' While English has several words for the consequences of wrongdoing, keyfar carries a specific gravity often associated with the legal system, divine justice, or the inevitable moral consequences of one's actions. In modern Persian, it is less about a parent scolding a child (which would be تنبیه) and more about the formal imposition of a penalty by an authority or the universe itself.

Legal Context: In the Iranian legal system, you will frequently see this word in the 'Law of Islamic Punishment' (قانون مجازات اسلامی), though mojazat is the technical synonym. Keyfar is often used in the context of 'criminal law' (حقوق کیفری).
Literary Depth: In classical Persian literature, such as the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi, keyfar represents the cosmic balance being restored. When a villain commits a crime, their keyfar is the inevitable tragic end they meet.

او به کیفر اعمال ناپسند خود رسید.
— Translation: He reached the punishment for his unpleasant deeds (He got what he deserved).

Understanding the nuance of keyfar requires looking at its roots. It stems from Middle Persian kēfar, which has long denoted the concept of 'requital.' Unlike 'tanbih,' which implies a corrective or educational purpose (like a teacher punishing a student to help them learn), keyfar is focused on the debt owed to society or morality. It is the 'price' paid for a transgression. You will hear it in news broadcasts discussing 'the punishment of criminals' (کیفر مجرمان) or in dramatic films where a character seeks 'retribution.'

In everyday conversation, while a bit formal, it is used to express that someone will eventually face the consequences of their actions. For example, if someone cheats their way to the top, an observer might say, 'Nature will provide their keyfar.' This usage bridges the gap between the courtroom and the philosophical belief in karma or divine justice.

Using کیفر correctly involves understanding its common verbal pairings. The most frequent construction is keyfar didan (to see/receive punishment) or keyfar dadan (to give/inflict punishment). It acts as a formal noun that fits into complex sentence structures involving legal or moral judgment.

Verb Pairing: Didan (To See): When a person undergoes punishment, we use keyfar didan. Example: 'The thief saw his punishment.' (سارق کیفر دید.)
Verb Pairing: Dadan (To Give): When an authority imposes a penalty, we use keyfar dadan. Example: 'The judge punished the murderer.' (قاضی قاتل را کیفر داد.)

هیچ گناهی بدون کیفر نمی‌ماند.
— Translation: No sin remains without punishment.

Another important grammatical aspect is the adjective form keyfari (کیفری). This is used to describe anything related to criminal law or penal matters. For instance, 'Criminal Procedure' is Ayin-e Dadrasi-ye Keyfari. If you are discussing law, you will use the adjective form more often than the noun.

When constructing sentences, remember that keyfar is often followed by the preposition baraye (for) to specify the crime. For example: 'The punishment for treason is death' (کیفر برای خیانت، مرگ است). However, a more natural literary way is using the Ezafe construction: 'Keyfar-e khiyanat' (The punishment of treason).

You are most likely to encounter کیفر in formal environments. It is not a word children use on the playground, nor is it common in casual slang. Its natural habitats are the courtroom, the newsroom, and the library.

In the Media: News anchors reporting on high-profile trials will use keyfar to describe the sentencing phase. You might hear: 'The court's indictment (keyfar-khast) was read today.'
In Cinema and Literature: Period dramas or historical epics use keyfar to add a sense of ancient justice. It sounds more 'epic' than the modern mojazat.

دادستان در کیفرخواست خود، اشد مجازات را خواستار شد.
— Translation: The prosecutor, in his indictment, requested the maximum punishment.

One very specific place you will see this word is in the term Keyfar-khast (کیفرخواست), which means 'indictment' or 'bill of punishment.' This is a standard legal document in Iranian law. If you are watching a legal thriller like the famous Iranian film 'A Separation,' you might hear technical terms derived from this root.

The most common mistake for English speakers learning Persian is using کیفر in casual, domestic settings. While it means 'punishment,' it is far too heavy for small mistakes.

Mistake: Using it for Children: If a child doesn't do their homework, you wouldn't say they received keyfar. That sounds like they were sent to a gulag. Use tanbih (تنبیه) instead.
Mistake: Confusing with 'Mojazat': While often interchangeable, mojazat is the standard modern legal term. Keyfar is more literary or refers to the 'nature' of the punishment. Using keyfar in a casual text message might seem overly dramatic.

❌ من پسرم را کیفر دادم چون بستنی خورد.
— Correct: من پسرم را تنبیه کردم.

Another mistake is grammatical: forgetting the adjective form. Students often say 'Dadgah-e Keyfar' (Court of Punishment) instead of the correct 'Dadgah-e Keyfari' (Criminal Court). In Persian, when a noun describes another noun in a categorical way, the 'i' suffix is often required to turn it into an adjective.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for justice and retribution. Choosing the right word depends on the context—whether it's legal, religious, or educational.

Mojazat (مجازات): The most common word for 'punishment' in modern legal and daily life. It is neutral and versatile.
Tanbih (تنبیه): Literally means 'to wake someone up' or 'to alert.' It is used for disciplinary actions, especially for children or students.
Oghubat (عقوبت): A more religious or philosophical term, often referring to the consequences of sins in the afterlife.

تفاوت کیفر و پاداش در عدالت است.
— Translation: The difference between punishment and reward lies in justice.

For those interested in high literature, the word Padafreh (پادافره) is an archaic synonym for keyfar. You will only see this in epic poetry or very formal historical texts. On the other hand, Goosh-mali (literally 'ear-rubbing') is a colloquial term for a minor punishment or a 'lesson' taught to someone.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

In the Shahnameh, the word is often used to describe the 'Keyfar-e Yazdan' (God's Retribution), suggesting that the king's power to punish was a reflection of divine will.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /keɪˈfɑːr/

US /keɪˈfɑːr/

The stress is on the second syllable: key-FAR.

Rima com

بیدار (Bidar) دیوار (Divar) رفتار (Raftar) گفتار (Goftar) پندار (Pendar) هوشیار (Houshyar) گلزار (Golzar) بیزار (Bizar)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing it as 'Kafar' (which means infidel).
Making the 'ey' sound too long like 'Kaaaayfar'.
Softening the 'r' too much like in French.
Stressing the first syllable.
Confusing the 'f' with a 'p' sound.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5

Common in news and books, but requires understanding formal context.

Escrita 4/5

Requires knowledge of compound verbs like 'keyfar dadan'.

Expressão oral 3/5

Easy to pronounce but hard to use naturally without sounding too formal.

Audição 2/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to spot in formal speech.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

جرم (Crime) قانون (Law) بد (Bad) دادن (To give) دیدن (To see)

Aprenda a seguir

مجازات (Punishment) عدالت (Justice) محاکمه (Trial) قاضی (Judge) وکیل (Lawyer)

Avançado

پادافره (Archaic retribution) عقوبت (Afterlife punishment) استرداد (Extradition) عفو (Pardon) برائت (Acquittal)

Gramática essencial

Ezafe Construction

کیفرِ سارق (The punishment of the thief)

Turning Nouns to Adjectives with '-i'

کیفر -> کیفری (Criminal)

Compound Verbs with 'Dadan'

او را کیفر داد (He punished him)

Passive Voice with 'Shodan'

او کیفر داده شد (He was punished)

Preposition 'Baraye' for Reason

کیفر برای قتل (Punishment for murder)

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Exemplos por nível

آدم بد کیفر می‌بیند.

The bad person receives punishment.

Subject + Adjective + Noun + Verb.

کیفر چیست؟

What is punishment?

Simple question structure.

او کیفر دید.

He was punished.

Past tense of 'keyfar didan'.

دزدی کیفر دارد.

Stealing has a punishment.

Noun + Noun + Verb 'dashtan'.

این کیفر بزرگ است.

This punishment is big.

Demonstrative + Noun + Adjective.

آیا او کیفر می‌دهد؟

Does he punish?

Interrogative + Subject + Verb.

من کیفر نمی‌خواهم.

I don't want punishment.

Negative present tense.

کیفر بد است.

Punishment is bad.

Simple predicate.

قاضی به او کیفر داد.

The judge gave him a punishment.

Indirect object with 'be'.

او برای دروغ خود کیفر دید.

He was punished for his lie.

Prepositional phrase 'baraye'.

هر کار بدی یک کیفر دارد.

Every bad deed has a punishment.

Use of 'har' (every).

ما نباید کسی را بدون دلیل کیفر دهیم.

We should not punish anyone without a reason.

Modal verb 'nabayad'.

کیفر او زندان بود.

His punishment was prison.

Noun as subject.

آیا این کیفر عادلانه است؟

Is this punishment fair?

Adjective 'adelaneh'.

آن‌ها کیفر سخت دیدند.

They received a harsh punishment.

Adjective 'sakht' modifying 'keyfar'.

پلیس به دنبال کیفر مجرمان است.

The police are looking for the punishment of criminals.

Ezafe construction 'keyfar-e mojreman'.

در دادگاه کیفری، پرونده‌های سنگین بررسی می‌شوند.

In the criminal court, heavy cases are examined.

Adjective 'keyfari'.

او از کیفر کارهای گذشته‌اش می‌ترسید.

He was afraid of the punishment for his past actions.

Preposition 'az' with fear.

عدالت یعنی هر کس به کیفر خود برسد.

Justice means everyone reaches their punishment.

Subjunctive 'berasad'.

کیفرخواست توسط دادستان قرائت شد.

The indictment was read by the prosecutor.

Passive voice with 'shod'.

این قانون برای تعیین کیفر متخلفان است.

This law is for determining the punishment of violators.

Gerund 'tayin' (determining).

او سال‌ها منتظر کیفر دشمنش بود.

He waited for years for his enemy's punishment.

Past progressive sense.

کیفر الهی در این دنیا و آن دنیا وجود دارد.

Divine punishment exists in this world and the next.

Adjective 'Elahi'.

برخی معتقدند کیفر باید جنبه آموزشی داشته باشد.

Some believe punishment should have an educational aspect.

Complex sentence with 'moataghedand'.

شدت کیفر باید با جرم تناسب داشته باشد.

The severity of the punishment must be proportional to the crime.

Noun 'tanasob' (proportion).

نویسنده در این کتاب به موضوع کیفر و پاداش می‌پردازد.

The author deals with the subject of punishment and reward in this book.

Verb 'pardakhtan be'.

او به کیفر دنیوی اعتقادی نداشت.

He did not believe in worldly punishment.

Adjective 'donyavi'.

نظام حقوقی ایران بر پایه کیفر و بازدارندگی است.

The Iranian legal system is based on punishment and deterrence.

Noun 'bazdarandegi' (deterrence).

تاریخ نشان داده که ستمگران همیشه به کیفر می‌رسند.

History has shown that tyrants always reach punishment.

Present perfect 'neshan dadeh'.

کیفر حبس ابد برای او صادر شد.

A sentence of life imprisonment was issued for him.

Compound noun 'habs-e abad'.

او از کیفر گریخت اما وجدانش او را رها نکرد.

He escaped punishment, but his conscience did not leave him alone.

Contrast with 'ama'.

در ادبیات کلاسیک، کیفر ابزاری برای اصلاح جامعه بود.

In classical literature, punishment was a tool for reforming society.

Noun 'eslah' (reform).

مفهوم کیفر در فلسفه حقوق بسیار پیچیده است.

The concept of punishment in the philosophy of law is very complex.

Abstract noun 'mafhoum'.

شاهنامه فردوسی لبریز از داستان‌های کیفر ایزدی است.

Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is full of stories of divine retribution.

Adjective 'labriz' (overflowing).

حقوقدانان درباره کارآمدی کیفر اعدام بحث می‌کنند.

Jurists debate the effectiveness of the death penalty.

Noun 'kar-amadi' (effectiveness).

این عمل مصداق بارز عبور از خط قرمز و مستوجب کیفر است.

This act is a clear example of crossing the red line and deserves punishment.

Adjective 'mostowjeb' (deserving).

کیفر در اینجا نه به معنای انتقام، بلکه به معنای اجرای عدالت است.

Punishment here is not in the sense of revenge, but in the sense of administering justice.

Contrast 'na... balke...'.

او با پذیرش کیفر، راه را برای بخشش گشود.

By accepting the punishment, he opened the way for forgiveness.

Gerund 'paziresh'.

نظریه‌های جدید بر جایگزینی کیفر با بازپروری تأکید دارند.

New theories emphasize replacing punishment with rehabilitation.

Noun 'baz-parvari' (rehabilitation).

کیفرِ گناهِ نخستین، موضوع بسیاری از اشعار عرفانی است.

The punishment for the original sin is the subject of many mystical poems.

Ezafe chain.

دیالکتیک میان کیفر و مغفرت در متون کلامی مشهود است.

The dialectic between punishment and forgiveness is evident in theological texts.

Technical term 'dialektik'.

کیفر در اندیشه باستانی ایران، بازتابی از نظام کیهانی بود.

Punishment in ancient Iranian thought was a reflection of the cosmic order.

Noun 'baztab' (reflection).

تحول پارادایم‌های کیفری نشان‌دهنده تغییر در بینش اجتماعی است.

The evolution of penal paradigms indicates a change in social insight.

Plural noun 'paradaym-ha'.

او در جستجوی کیفر پادافره‌ای بود که در اساطیر خوانده بود.

He was in search of the epic retribution he had read about in myths.

Archaic term 'padafreh'.

نسبت میان جرم و کیفر در جوامع مدرن به چالش کشیده شده است.

The ratio between crime and punishment in modern societies has been challenged.

Passive 'be chalesh keshideh shodeh'.

کیفر نباید کرامت انسانی محکوم را خدشه‌دار کند.

Punishment should not tarnish the human dignity of the condemned.

Noun 'keramat' (dignity).

او با نگاهی هستی‌شناسانه به تحلیل کیفر در تراژدی‌ها پرداخت.

With an ontological perspective, he analyzed punishment in tragedies.

Adverbial 'negahi hasti-shenasaneh'.

تقلیل مفهوم کیفر به انتقام شخصی، سقوط اخلاقی جامعه است.

Reducing the concept of punishment to personal revenge is the moral fall of society.

Gerund 'taghlil' (reduction).

Colocações comuns

کیفر دیدن

کیفر دادن

کیفرخواست

دادگاه کیفری

کیفر سخت

کیفر الهی

مستوجب کیفر

کیفر ابدی

تعیین کیفر

بدون کیفر

Frases Comuns

به کیفر رسیدن

— To finally face the consequences of one's actions.

ظالم به کیفر رسید.

حقوق کیفری

— The field of criminal law.

او دانشجوی حقوق کیفری است.

کیفر دنیوی

— Punishment in this physical world.

او از کیفر دنیوی فرار کرد.

کیفر اخروی

— Punishment in the afterlife.

دینداران از کیفر اخروی می‌ترسند.

کیفر متناسب

— A punishment that fits the crime.

کیفر متناسب با جرم نبود.

در انتظار کیفر

— Waiting for the penalty to be imposed.

او در سلول، در انتظار کیفر بود.

فرار از کیفر

— Escaping punishment.

فرار از کیفر ممکن نیست.

کیفر سنگین

— A heavy or severe penalty.

برای او کیفر سنگینی بریدند.

عدم کیفر

— Impunity; lack of punishment.

عدم کیفر باعث گسترش فساد می‌شود.

کیفر نمادین

— A symbolic punishment.

او به یک کیفر نمادین محکوم شد.

Frequentemente confundido com

کیفر vs کافر (Kafar)

Kafar means infidel/unbeliever. The vowels are different (a-a vs ey-a).

کیفر vs کفاره (Kaffareh)

Kaffareh is an atonement or expiation for a religious sin, often a payment or fasting.

کیفر vs کف (Kaf)

Kaf means palm of the hand or floor. Unrelated root.

Expressões idiomáticas

"چوب خدا صدا ندارد"

— God's stick makes no noise; punishment comes when you least expect it.

او فکر می‌کرد زرنگ است، اما چوب خدا صدا ندارد.

Colloquial/Proverb

"به سزای عمل رسیدن"

— To get what one deserves; to meet one's 'recompense'.

بالاخره به سزای عملش رسید.

Neutral

"دودش به چشم خودش می‌رود"

— The smoke will go into his own eyes; his actions will harm him.

اگر دروغ بگویی، دودش به چشم خودت می‌رود.

Colloquial

"گندم از گندم بروید جو ز جو"

— Wheat grows from wheat, barley from barley; you reap what you sow.

بدی نکن، چون گندم از گندم بروید جو ز جو.

Literary/Proverb

"هر چه کنی به خود کنی"

— Whatever you do, you do to yourself.

خیانت نکن، هر چه کنی به خود کنی.

Neutral/Poetic

"پای لرزش نشستن"

— To sit through the shivering; to accept the consequences of a risky action.

خربزه خوردی، باید پای لرزش هم بنشینی.

Colloquial

"تقاص پس دادن"

— To pay the price; to be held accountable.

او باید تقاص کارهایش را پس بدهد.

Informal

"مکافات عمل"

— The retribution of action; karma.

این بیماری مکافات عمل اوست.

Neutral

"حق به حق‌دار رسیدن"

— Justice being served to the rightful owner.

در نهایت، حق به حق‌دار رسید.

Neutral

"آش کشک خالته"

— It's the soup your aunt made; you have to deal with it (the consequence).

باید این کیفر را بپذیری، آش کشک خالته.

Slang/Idiom

Fácil de confundir

کیفر vs مجازات (Mojazat)

Both mean punishment.

Mojazat is the modern legal standard; Keyfar is more formal/literary.

مجازات حبس (Prison punishment).

کیفر vs تنبیه (Tanbih)

Both mean punishment.

Tanbih is for discipline/education (kids/students); Keyfar is for retribution.

تنبیه بدنی (Physical discipline).

کیفر vs عقوبت (Oghubat)

Both mean consequence/punishment.

Oghubat is specifically religious or relating to the afterlife.

عقوبت الهی (Divine retribution).

کیفر vs جزا (Jaza)

Both mean requital.

Jaza is a broader term that can include rewards (positive requital).

جزای خیر (Good reward).

کیفر vs پادافره (Padafreh)

Exact synonyms.

Padafreh is archaic and only used in epic poetry.

پادافره گناه (Punishment of sin - archaic).

Padrões de frases

[Subject] [Keyfar] [Verb].

او کیفر دید.

[Subject] [Object] را [Keyfar] داد.

پلیس دزد را کیفر داد.

[Keyfar]-e [Noun] [Adjective] است.

کیفر خیانت سنگین است.

به دلیل [Crime]، [Subject] به [Keyfar] رسید.

به دلیل دزدی، او به کیفر رسید.

[Subject] مستوجبِ [Keyfar] شناخته شد.

او مستوجب کیفر شناخته شد.

دیالکتیک میان [Noun] و [Keyfar]...

دیالکتیک میان جرم و کیفر پیچیده است.

در [Keyfari] [Noun]...

در دادگاه کیفری پرونده باز است.

آیا [Subject] [Keyfar] می‌بیند؟

آیا او کیفر می‌بیند؟

Família de palavras

Substantivos

کیفر (Punishment)

کیفرخواست (Indictment)

کیفرشناسی (Penology)

Verbos

کیفر دادن (To punish)

کیفر دیدن (To be punished)

Adjetivos

کیفری (Criminal/Penal)

Relacionado

مجازات

جرم

قاضی

دادگاه

عدالت

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Como usar

frequency

Common in media, law, and literature; rare in casual daily life.

Erros comuns

Using 'keyfar' for a child's punishment. → تنبیه (tanbih)
Keyfar is too formal and heavy for minor disciplinary actions at home.
Saying 'Dadgah-e Keyfar' instead of 'Dadgah-e Keyfari'. → دادگاه کیفری
In Persian, the adjective form (with 'i') must be used to describe the type of court.
Confusing 'keyfar' with 'kafar'. → کیفر (punishment)
Kafar means infidel. Confusing them can be very offensive or confusing.
Using 'keyfar' as a verb without 'dadan'. → کیفر داد (He punished)
Keyfar is a noun and requires a light verb to function as a predicate.
Thinking 'keyfar' can mean a physical object. → مجازات (punishment)
Keyfar is an abstract concept of penalty, not a physical tool (like a whip).

Dicas

Legal vs. Casual

Always choose 'mojazat' for general talk and 'keyfar' for formal or dramatic emphasis on justice.

The 'i' Suffix

Remember that 'keyfari' is an adjective. Use it for 'criminal law' (hoquq-e keyfari).

The 'EY' Sound

Ensure the first syllable sounds like 'cake' or 'hey', not 'kee' or 'ka'.

Synonym Nuance

Learn 'tanbih' alongside 'keyfar' so you don't sound too harsh when talking about kids.

Indictment

Memorize 'keyfar-khast'. It's a high-frequency word in any Iranian news about the judiciary.

Moral Weight

Understand that 'keyfar' implies the punishment is DESERVED. It's about balance.

News Keywords

When you hear 'keyfar', expect the next few sentences to be about a judge or a sentence.

Epic Context

In poetry, 'keyfar' often rhymes with 'ruzgar' (time/fate), linking punishment to the passage of time.

Key-Far

Use the 'Key Far' mnemonic to never forget the meaning: The Key to a Faraway jail.

Avoid Slang

Don't try to make 'keyfar' into slang; it's a word that demands respect and gravity.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of a 'KEY' that locks someone 'FAR' away in prison. KEY-FAR is the punishment that takes them away.

Associação visual

Imagine a judge holding a large golden key (Key) and pointing to a distant (Far) prison tower.

Word Web

Law Judge Prison Crime Retribution Justice Guilt Sentence

Desafio

Try to write a short paragraph about a fictional crime using 'keyfar' once and 'keyfari' once.

Origem da palavra

Derived from Middle Persian 'kēfar' or 'kēfār'. It has been part of the Persian language for over a millennium, appearing in early Islamic Persian texts and classical poetry.

Significado original: Requital, retribution, or the balancing of a debt.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Western Iranian -> Persian.

Contexto cultural

Be careful when discussing 'keyfar' in the context of capital punishment (اعدام), as it is a sensitive political and human rights topic in Iran.

English speakers might find 'keyfar' more dramatic than 'punishment'. It feels closer to 'retribution' or 'reckoning'.

The movie 'Keyfar' (2010) directed by Hassan Fathi, a crime thriller. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh: 'Keyfar-e bad-konandegan' (The punishment of evildoers). The Iranian Penal Code (Ghanun-e Mojazat-e Eslami).

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Legal Proceedings

صدور کیفرخواست
دادگاه کیفری یک
قرار مجرمیت
تخفیف کیفر

Moral/Religious Discussions

کیفر الهی
مکافات عمل
ترس از عقوبت
عدل الهی

Literature/Poetry

کیفر روزگار
پادافره سخت
سزای نیکی و بدی
چرخ فلک

News/Journalism

کیفر مجرمان
اجرای حکم کیفری
جرایم و کیفرها
اصلاح قوانین کیفری

History

کیفرهای باستانی
سیاست کردن
فرمان پادشاه
عبرت دیگران

Iniciadores de conversa

"آیا به نظر شما کیفر اعدام باید لغو شود؟ (Do you think the death penalty should be abolished?)"

"سخت‌ترین کیفری که در تاریخ خوانده‌اید چه بوده است؟ (What is the harshest punishment you've read about in history?)"

"آیا کیفر همیشه باعث اصلاح رفتار می‌شود؟ (Does punishment always lead to behavior reform?)"

"تفاوت کیفر و انتقام در چیست؟ (What is the difference between punishment and revenge?)"

"در کشور شما، کیفر دزدی چیست؟ (In your country, what is the punishment for theft?)"

Temas para diário

درباره زمانی بنویسید که احساس کردید کسی به ناحق کیفر دیده است. (Write about a time you felt someone was unfairly punished.)

آیا به کیفر الهی یا کارما اعتقاد دارید؟ چرا؟ (Do you believe in divine punishment or karma? Why?)

اگر قاضی بودید، برای دروغگویی چه کیفری تعیین می‌کردید؟ (If you were a judge, what punishment would you set for lying?)

نقش کیفر در حفظ نظم جامعه را توصیف کنید. (Describe the role of punishment in maintaining social order.)

یک داستان کوتاه درباره کسی بنویسید که از کیفر فرار کرد اما پشیمان شد. (Write a short story about someone who escaped punishment but regretted it.)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, that would sound very strange. Use 'tanbih' or 'da'va kardan' (scolding). 'Keyfar' is for serious human or moral offenses.

While it is a legal term, ordinary people use it when talking about the news or crime movies. You should know it to understand the news.

It is an indictment. It's the official document where the prosecutor lists the crimes and asks for a specific punishment.

Conceptually, yes. In Persian literature, 'keyfar' often represents the idea that bad actions naturally lead to bad outcomes.

The plural is 'keyfar-ha' (کیفرها). You might use this when talking about different types of punishments in a legal code.

'Mojazat shodan' is more common in daily speech, while 'keyfar didan' is more common in writing and formal reporting.

No, it is a noun. To make it a verb, you must add 'dadan' (to give) or 'kardan' (to do - less common).

Almost never. Unlike 'jaza' or 'mokafat' which can rarely be used ironically for good things, 'keyfar' is strictly for negative consequences.

The Persian word 'keyfar' is used in Persian translations of the Quran to translate Arabic terms like 'Iqab' or 'Jaza'.

It translates to 'Criminal Court.' In Iran, there are different levels like 'Keyfari 1' for serious crimes and 'Keyfari 2' for lesser crimes.

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