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B2 noun 10 min de leitura

ملاک

Q: What is the plural of 'Melāk'?

The Persian plural is 'Melāk-hā' (ملاکها). You might occasionally see Arabic broken plurals in very old texts, but 'Melāk-hā' is the standard today.

Q: How do I say 'double standards' in Persian?

You can say 'Melāk-hā-ye dogāne' (ملاکهای دوگانه) or 'Standard-hā-ye dogāne'.

melâk

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas ملاک em 30 segundos

Explicação ملاک in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'Melāk' (ملاک) might be a bit difficult because it is abstract. However, you can think of it as a 'rule' or a 'reason' for why something is chosen. For example, if you like a car because it is fast, 'speed' is your 'Melāk.' In simple sentences, it is used to say what is important. 'Price is important' can be said as 'Price is the criterion.' At this level, just remember that Melāk means 'the thing we look at to decide.' It is a noun. You use it with 'is' (ast). For example: 'Money is the criterion' (Pul melāk ast). It helps you explain your choices simply but clearly.

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At the A2 level, you can start using 'Melāk' to describe simple standards in your life. You might use it when talking about shopping or choosing a place to live. 'The criterion for this house is the location.' In Persian: 'Melāk barāye in khāne, mahalle ast.' You are moving beyond just saying 'I like' to explaining the *standard* you are using. You can also use the plural form 'Melāk-hā' to talk about multiple things you look for. For example, 'What are your criteria for a good friend?' This word helps you sound more organized in your speaking. It is a formal way to say 'the important thing.'

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At the B1 level, 'Melāk' becomes a very useful tool for expressing opinions and participating in discussions. You will encounter it in news stories about laws or school requirements. You should be able to use it with prepositions like 'barāye' (for) and verbs like 'dānestan' (to consider). For example: 'I consider honesty the main criterion.' You can also use it to talk about social standards. At this stage, you should distinguish between a 'reason' (dalil) and a 'criterion' (melāk). A reason is why something happened; a criterion is the rule you used to judge it. This distinction makes your Persian more precise and professional.

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At the B2 level, which is the level of this word, you should use 'Melāk' fluently in academic and professional contexts. You should understand phrases like 'Melāk-e amal' (the operating principle) and 'Melāk-e اعتبار' (criterion of validity). You are expected to use it in debates to justify your logic. For instance, when discussing environmental policies, you might say, 'The criterion for these regulations should be long-term sustainability.' You should also be comfortable using the passive form 'Melāk qarār gereftan' (to be set as the criterion). This level requires you to understand the nuance of 'Melāk' as a systematic standard that governs outcomes in law, science, and ethics.

At the C1 level, 'Melāk' is used in complex philosophical and literary discussions. You will see it in texts analyzing the 'Melāk-e Haqiqat' (the criterion of truth) or 'Melāk-e Akhlāq' (the criterion of morality). You should be able to compare it with 'Meyār,' 'Shākhes,' and 'Zābete,' choosing the exact word to fit the register. You will use it to critique arguments, perhaps saying that a certain 'Melāk' is 'arbitrary' (deldakhāhi) or 'outdated' (mansukh). Your use of the word should reflect a deep understanding of how standards are constructed in Persian thought. You might also use it in the context of literary criticism to discuss the criteria for 'good' poetry or prose.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'Melāk.' You can use it to discuss ontological and epistemological frameworks. You might engage in high-level discourse about how 'Melāk' itself is a culturally constructed concept. You can use the word in highly formal speeches or legal documents where the exact definition of a 'Melāk' can have significant consequences. You understand its historical roots and how its usage has evolved in Persian literature from classical to modern times. You can use it metaphorically or ironically in sophisticated wordplay. At this level, 'Melāk' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a conceptual tool you use to navigate the most complex areas of Persian language and culture.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

ملاک em 30 segundos

Melāk means criterion or standard.
Used in formal and academic Persian.
Often paired with verbs like 'qarār dādan'.
Essential for discussing rules and judgments.

The Persian word ملاک (Melāk) is an essential noun for anyone moving into the intermediate and advanced stages of Persian proficiency. At its core, it refers to a criterion, a standard, or a yardstick used to judge, evaluate, or measure something. Whether you are discussing the requirements for a job, the standards of beauty, or the legal basis for a court decision, this word provides the structural framework for evaluation. Unlike more casual words for 'reason' or 'way,' ملاک implies a formal or systematic set of rules that determine an outcome.

Formal Context: In legal and administrative settings, ملاک identifies the specific law or regulation that dictates a ruling. For example, 'The criterion for retirement is age' uses this word to establish the non-negotiable standard.

در این مسابقه، سرعت تنها ملاک پیروزی نیست.
In this competition, speed is not the only criterion for victory.

The word is deeply rooted in the concept of 'validity.' When someone asks, 'What is your ملاک for this decision?' they aren't just asking 'Why?'; they are asking for the specific principle or evidence you are relying on. It is a word that demands a logical answer. In social circles, it is often used when discussing life choices, such as marriage or career paths. A common question might be, 'What are your criteria for choosing a spouse?' (ملاک‌های شما برای انتخاب همسر چیست؟). Here, the word elevates the conversation from mere preference to a discussion of values and standards.

Academic Usage: In research, ملاک refers to the parameters of a study. Researchers must define their 'inclusion criteria' (ملاک‌های ورود) clearly to ensure the study is valid.

نمرات درخشان نباید تنها ملاک ارزیابی دانش‌آموزان باشد.
Brilliant grades should not be the only criterion for evaluating students.

Furthermore, the word often appears in the plural form, ملاک‌ها (Melākhā), because judgements are rarely based on a single point. When analyzing a political candidate or a business proposal, one looks at a 'set of criteria.' The word implies a filter through which information passes to reach a conclusion. If something 'doesn't meet the criteria,' you would say it is فاقد ملاک‌های لازم (lacking the necessary criteria). This structure is very common in formal writing and news reporting.

Social Context: In everyday Persian, it can also mean 'the basis' or 'the point of reference.' If you are following a specific map, that map is your ملاک for the journey.

برای من، اخلاق مهم‌ترین ملاک در دوستی است.
For me, ethics is the most important criterion in friendship.

In summary, ملاک is the bridge between a set of facts and a final decision. It is the 'why' behind the 'what.' By mastering this word, you gain the ability to participate in high-level discussions regarding ethics, law, and personal values in Persian-speaking environments.

Using ملاک correctly involves understanding its typical grammatical pairings. Most often, it functions as the subject or the complement in a sentence. It is frequently followed by the preposition برای (for) to indicate what the criterion is being applied to. For example, ملاک برای انتخاب (the criterion for selection). It is also commonly used with the verb قرار دادن (to place/set), meaning 'to set something as a criterion.'

ما باید تجربه را ملاک عمل قرار دهیم.
We must set experience as the criterion for action (the basis of our work).

Another common structure is بر ملاکِ ... (based on the criterion of...), although بر اساسِ is more common for 'based on,' ملاک is used when emphasizing the standard itself. You will also see it paired with عمل (action) to form the compound phrase ملاک عمل, which refers to the 'operating principle' or 'the standard currently in effect.'

Verb Pairings: Common verbs: بودن (to be), دانستن (to consider/know as), تعیین کردن (to determine).

قانون جدید، سن ۱۸ سال را ملاک بلوغ می‌داند.
The new law considers the age of 18 as the criterion for maturity.

When you want to say something is 'judged by' something else, you can use the phrase با ملاکِ ... سنجیدن. For example, 'Don't judge people by their appearance' can be rendered as آدم‌ها را با ملاکِ ظاهر نسنجید. This highlights the word's role in the process of evaluation (Sanjidan).

In more advanced Persian, you'll encounter it in the context of 'validity' or 'authenticity.' For instance, ملاکِ اعتبار (the criterion of validity). This is vital for academic writing where you must justify why a certain source or method is being used. If you are writing a thesis, you might say, 'The criterion for selecting these samples was their geographical location.'

چه ملاک‌هایی برای استخدام در این شرکت وجود دارد؟
What criteria exist for employment in this company?

Negation: Use نبودن or قرار ندادن to negate. 'Money is not my criterion' -> پول ملاک من نیست.

Finally, the word is often used in the construct ملاک قرار گرفتن (to be placed as the criterion). This is a passive construction used to describe what standards are being applied to a situation without necessarily identifying who is applying them. 'The final exam will be the criterion for the final grade.'

To truly master ملاک, you need to know where it pops up in real-life Persian culture. It isn't just a word in a dictionary; it's a word heard in news broadcasts, university hallways, and family living rooms during serious discussions. If you turn on the Iranian news (IRIB) or read a newspaper like 'Etela'at,' you will frequently hear reporters discussing the ملاک‌های صلاحیت (criteria of eligibility) for political candidates or new government policies.

سخنگوی دولت اعلام کرد که ملاک پرداخت یارانه‌ها تغییر کرده است.
The government spokesperson announced that the criterion for paying subsidies has changed.

In the world of education, students often ask their professors, ملاک نمره دادن شما چیست؟ (What is your criterion for grading?). This is a polite and academic way to ask how to succeed in a course. In this context, ملاک sounds much more sophisticated than just asking 'How do you give grades?' It shows the student is interested in the standards of the institution.

The 'Khastegari' Context: In traditional Iranian marriage negotiations (Khastegari), families often discuss their ملاک‌ها. They might say 'Our criterion is faith' (ملاک ما ایمان است) or 'Our criterion is education.'

You will also hear this word in the workplace. During performance reviews, a manager might say, 'The criterion for your promotion is your sales record.' In Persian, this would be: ملاک ارتقای شما، میزان فروش شماست. It provides a clear, objective boundary for professional expectations. It’s also used in technical fields, such as engineering or software development, to refer to the 'specifications' or 'benchmarks' a product must meet.

در بازار هنر، سلیقه شخصی معمولاً ملاک قیمت‌گذاری است.
In the art market, personal taste is usually the criterion for pricing.

In literature and poetry, ملاک might be used to discuss the 'standard of truth' or 'standard of love.' Iranian philosophers and poets often debate whether the 'heart' or the 'intellect' should be the ملاک for understanding reality. This shows the word's versatility—from the most mundane government forms to the highest peaks of mystical thought.

Legal Records: In courtrooms, the 'Melāk-e Qānuni' (legal criterion) is the only thing that matters, overriding personal opinions or hearsay.

Lastly, in the digital age, you might see this word on Persian websites regarding 'Terms of Service' or 'Selection Criteria' for contests. It remains a high-frequency, high-utility word across all media.

While ملاک is a straightforward noun, learners often make a few key mistakes. The most common is confusing it with its synonyms, such as معیار (Meyār) or دلیل (Dalil). While 'Meyār' and 'Melāk' are often interchangeable, 'Melāk' is more frequently used for the *basis* of a decision, whereas 'Meyār' often refers to a physical or measurable *scale*.

Confusing Melāk with Dalil: A 'Dalil' is a reason or cause. A 'Melāk' is a standard. If you say 'The reason for my happiness is you,' you use 'Dalil.' If you say 'The standard for my happiness is peace,' you use 'Melāk.'

اشتباه: این ملاک است که چرا من دیر آمدم.
Incorrect: This is the 'criterion' why I came late. (Should use 'Dalil' - reason).

Another mistake is using the wrong preposition. Learners sometimes use در (in) when they should use برای (for). While you can have a criterion *in* a certain field, you usually have a criterion *for* a specific action. For example, it is better to say ملاک برای استخدام than ملاک در استخدام, though the latter is occasionally heard.

Pronunciation can also be a minor hurdle. Ensure the 'a' sound is long (/ɒː/), like the 'a' in 'ball.' Some learners pronounce it with a short 'a' (/æ/), which can make it sound like other unrelated Arabic-root words. The stress is on the second syllable: me-LĀK.

Pluralization Errors: Learners often forget that 'Melāk' is an Arabic broken plural form originally (of 'Malk'), but in Persian, it is treated as a singular noun. The Persian plural is 'Melāk-hā.' Don't try to use Arabic plural rules here; keep it simple with '-hā.'

درست: ملاک‌های متعددی برای این کار وجود دارد.
Correct: There are numerous criteria for this task.

Lastly, avoid using ملاک for very trivial things. You wouldn't usually use it for choosing a flavor of ice cream (which is a 'Saliqe' or taste/preference). Using it for trivial choices can sound overly dramatic or jokingly formal. Reserve it for choices that involve a judgment call or a set of requirements.

To enrich your Persian vocabulary, it's helpful to compare ملاک with its close relatives. Persian has several words for 'standard' or 'criterion,' each with a slightly different flavor. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the right word for the right situation.

Meyār (معیار): Meyār is the most common synonym. It is often used for measurable standards, like the 'standard of living' (معیار زندگی). While ملاک is the basis for a decision, معیار is often the unit of measurement.
Zābete (ضابطه): Zābete refers more to a 'regulation' or a 'rule.' It is used in bureaucratic contexts. If ملاک is the 'why,' ضابطه is the 'how-to' rulebook.
Shākhes (شاخص): Shākhes means 'indicator' or 'index.' In economics, the 'Consumer Price Index' is a شاخص. It is a specific data point used as a criterion.

تفاوت: ملاک (اصلِ قضاوت) vs شاخص (عددِ اندازه‌گیری).
Difference: Melāk (principle of judgment) vs Shākhes (measurement number/index).

If you want to talk about an 'ideal' or a 'model' to follow, you might use الگو (Olgu) or اسوه (Osvah). These are criteria in the sense of being examples to emulate. For instance, 'He is my criterion for a good leader' could be expressed using الگو to mean 'role model.'

Another alternative is مبنا (Mabnā), meaning 'foundation' or 'basis.' This is very close to ملاک. However, مبنا is more about the starting point of an idea, while ملاک is about the standard used for the final check. You build an argument on a مبنا, but you judge it by a ملاک.

ما باید استانداردهای جهانی را به عنوان ملاک بپذیریم.
We must accept global standards as the criterion.

In informal settings, people might just use شرط (Shart), meaning 'condition.' 'The condition (criterion) for coming to the party is bringing a gift.' This is much more common in spoken Persian than the formal ملاک.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

Although it comes from the same root as 'Malek' (King) and 'Molk' (Country), 'Melāk' in Persian has carved out a very specific logical and legal niche that is distinct from 'royalty.'

Guia de pronúncia

UK /me.lɒːk/

US /me.lɒːk/

Second syllable (me-LĀK).

Rima com

پلاک (Pelāk - plate) خاک (Khāk - soil) پاک (Pāk - clean) چاک (Chāk - slit) تاک (Tāk - vine) باک (Bāk - fuel tank) خوراک (Khorāk - food) ادراک (Edrāk - perception)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing the 'ā' as a short 'a' (like in 'cat').
Putting stress on the first syllable.
Swapping 'k' for a 'g' sound at the end.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 4/5

Easy to recognize but often appears in complex sentences.

Escrita 6/5

Requires knowledge of ezafe and formal verb pairings.

Expressão oral 5/5

Useful for sounding professional; pronunciation is key.

Audição 4/5

Common in news and academic lectures.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

قانون انتخاب دلیل مهم اساس

Aprenda a seguir

معیار ضابطه شاخص ارزیابی اولویت

Avançado

تبیین مشروعیت اعتبار پارامتر متغیر

Gramática essencial

Ezafe Construction

ملاکِ انتخاب (Melāk-e entekhāb)

Compound Verbs with 'Qarār dādan'

تجربه را ملاک قرار دادیم.

Pluralization with '-hā'

ملاک‌ها (Melākhā)

Prepositional usage with 'bar'

بر چه ملاکی؟

Passive voice with 'qarār gereftan'

این موضوع ملاک قرار گرفت.

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Exemplos por nível

پول ملاک نیست.

Money is not the criterion.

Simple subject + noun + negation.

ملاک شما چیست؟

What is your criterion?

Interrogative sentence with 'chist' (what is).

این ملاک خوبی است.

This is a good criterion.

Noun + adjective 'khub' (good).

ملاک ما قیمت است.

Our criterion is price.

Possessive 'mā' (our).

نام ملاک نیست.

The name is not the criterion.

Subject 'nām' (name).

ملاک اول چیست؟

What is the first criterion?

Ordinal number 'avval' (first).

رنگ ملاک نیست.

Color is not the criterion.

Simple negation.

ملاک من این است.

My criterion is this.

Demonstrative pronoun 'in' (this).

ملاک برای خرید خانه چیست؟

What is the criterion for buying a house?

Preposition 'barāye' (for).

ما ملاک‌های زیادی داریم.

We have many criteria.

Plural '-hā' + 'ziyād' (many).

ملاک او برای دوستی صداقت است.

His criterion for friendship is honesty.

Possessive 'u' (his/her).

آیا سن ملاک است؟

Is age the criterion?

Question particle 'āyā'.

ملاک‌های شما برای کار چیست؟

What are your criteria for work?

Plural subject with plural verb.

قد ملاکِ اصلی نیست.

Height is not the main criterion.

Ezafe construction 'melāk-e asli'.

ملاکِ انتخابِ من کیفیت است.

The criterion of my choice is quality.

Double ezafe construction.

این ملاک برای ما مهم است.

This criterion is important for us.

Adjective 'mohemm' (important).

دانشگاه ملاک‌های سختی دارد.

The university has strict criteria.

Adjective 'sakht' (hard/strict).

ملاکِ ارزیابیِ کارمندان تغییر کرد.

The criterion for evaluating employees changed.

Past tense verb 'taghyir kard'.

او تجربه را ملاک قرار داد.

He set experience as the criterion.

Compound verb 'melāk qarār dād'.

ملاک‌های زیبایی در هر فرهنگ متفاوت است.

Criteria of beauty are different in every culture.

Subject-verb agreement with plural subject.

شما بر چه ملاکی این حرف را می‌زنید؟

Based on what criterion are you saying this?

Prepositional phrase 'bar che melāki'.

ملاکِ عملِ ما قانون است.

Our operating principle is the law.

Compound phrase 'melāk-e amal'.

این موضوع ملاکِ درستی برای قضاوت نیست.

This subject is not a correct criterion for judgment.

Noun + ezafe + noun.

ملاک‌های جدیدی برای وام گرفتن وجود دارد.

There are new criteria for getting a loan.

Indefinite 'i' in 'melākhā-ye jadidi'.

ملاک‌های صلاحیت نامزدها توسط شورا بررسی می‌شود.

The candidates' eligibility criteria are being reviewed by the council.

Passive voice 'barresi mishavad'.

باید ملاک‌های علمی را جایگزین سلیقه شخصی کنیم.

We must replace personal taste with scientific criteria.

Modal verb 'bāyad' + subjunctive.

ملاکِ تشخیصِ بیماری، آزمایش خون است.

The criterion for diagnosing the disease is a blood test.

Technical terminology.

او هیچ ملاکی برای رد کردن پیشنهاد نداشت.

He had no criterion for rejecting the proposal.

Negative 'hich' (none).

ملاکِ پذیرش در این مقطع، معدل کل است.

The criterion for admission at this level is the overall GPA.

Academic context.

این ملاک‌ها باید به صورت شفاف اعلام شوند.

These criteria must be announced transparently.

Adverbial phrase 'be surate shaffāf'.

ملاکِ اصلیِ موفقیت، پشتکار است، نه شانس.

The main criterion for success is perseverance, not luck.

Contrastive structure 'na shāns'.

آیا ملاک‌های اخلاقی در سیاست جایی دارند؟

Do moral criteria have a place in politics?

Abstract plural subject.

ملاکِ تبیینِ پدیده‌های فیزیکی، شواهد تجربی است.

The criterion for explaining physical phenomena is empirical evidence.

Complex academic vocabulary.

در نقد ادبی، ملاک‌های ساختارگرایانه اهمیت ویژه‌ای دارند.

In literary criticism, structuralist criteria hold special importance.

Specialized terminology.

ملاکِ تمایز میان سره و ناسره در ادبیات کلاسیک چیست؟

What is the criterion for distinguishing between pure and impure in classical literature?

Idiomatic expression 'sare va nāsare'.

دولت باید ملاک‌های توزیع ثروت را بازنگری کند.

The government must revise the criteria for wealth distribution.

Formal verb 'bāznagari kardan'.

این ملاک‌ها بر مبنای ضرورت‌های زمانه تدوین شده‌اند.

These criteria have been compiled based on the necessities of the times.

Present perfect passive.

ملاکِ واقعیت در فلسفه کانت با هیوم متفاوت است.

The criterion of reality in Kant's philosophy differs from Hume's.

Comparative structure.

عدم وجود ملاک‌های روشن، منجر به هرج و مرج می‌شود.

The lack of clear criteria leads to chaos.

Formal 'adam-e vojud' (lack of).

ملاکِ سنجشِ ارزشِ پولِ ملی، قدرت خرید است.

The criterion for measuring the value of national currency is purchasing power.

Economic terminology.

ملاکِ غایی برای اعتبارسنجیِ گزاره‌های منطقی، اصلِ عدمِ تناقض است.

The ultimate criterion for validating logical propositions is the principle of non-contradiction.

Highly technical logical phrasing.

واکاویِ ملاک‌های زیباشناختی در عصرِ پسا-مدرن دشوار است.

Analyzing aesthetic criteria in the post-modern era is difficult.

Literary verb 'vākāvi' (analysis).

ملاکِ مشروعیتِ سیاسی در نظام‌های دموکراتیک، اراده عمومی است.

The criterion of political legitimacy in democratic systems is the general will.

Political philosophy context.

این پژوهش به نقدِ ملاک‌های مرسوم در روان‌شناسیِ تحلیلی می‌پردازد.

This research deals with the critique of conventional criteria in analytical psychology.

Formal research phrasing.

ملاکِ رستگاری در عرفانِ مولانا، فنای فی‌الله است.

The criterion for salvation in Rumi's mysticism is annihilation in God.

Mystical terminology.

تطورِ ملاک‌های اخلاقی در طول تاریخ، نشان‌دهنده نسبیت‌گرایی است.

The evolution of moral criteria throughout history indicates relativism.

Formal 'tatavvor' (evolution).

ملاکِ اصالتِ یک اثر هنری، امضای خالق آن نیست.

The criterion for the authenticity of a work of art is not the creator's signature.

Complex noun phrases.

آیا ملاک‌های عینی برای حقیقت وجود خارجی دارند؟

Do objective criteria for truth have an external existence?

Metaphysical questioning.

Colocações comuns

ملاک قرار دادن

ملاک عمل

ملاک‌های صلاحیت

فاقد ملاک

بر اساس ملاک

ملاکِ انتخاب

ملاکِ ارزیابی

تنها ملاک

ملاکِ قانونی

تعیین ملاک

Frases Comuns

ملاک من این نیست

— This is not my standard or what I care about.

ملاک من برای دوستی، ثروت نیست.

چه ملاکی داری؟

— What is your basis for this?

برای رد کردن این درخواست، چه ملاکی داری؟

ملاک بر این است که...

— The standard/rule is that...

ملاک بر این است که همه باید ثبت‌نام کنند.

ملاک‌های دوگانه

— Double standards.

من از ملاک‌های دوگانه بیزارم.

ملاکِ سنجش

— The measuring stick/benchmark.

ملاک سنجش ما رضایت مشتری است.

بر طبق ملاک

— According to the criterion.

بر طبق ملاک‌های قبلی عمل کنید.

ملاک‌های اخلاقی

— Moral standards.

ملاک‌های اخلاقی جامعه در حال تغییر است.

ملاکِ تشخیص

— The basis for diagnosis/identification.

ملاک تشخیص این بیماری چیست؟

ملاکِ پذیرش

— Admission criteria.

ملاک پذیرش در این دوره نمره تافل است.

ملاکِ اصلی

— The main criterion.

ملاک اصلی ما کیفیت است.

Frequentemente confundido com

ملاک vs دلیل (Dalil)

Dalil is a reason (why something happened). Melāk is a standard (how something is judged).

ملاک vs علت (Ellat)

Ellat is a cause. Melāk is a criterion.

ملاک vs روش (Ravesh)

Ravesh is a method/way. Melāk is the standard for the result.

Expressões idiomáticas

"ملاک قرار دادن چیزی"

— To use something as the definitive standard for judging everything else.

او حرف‌های پدرش را ملاک قرار می‌دهد.

Neutral

"از ملاک افتادن"

— To no longer be valid or useful as a standard.

این روش دیگر از ملاک افتاده است.

Informal

"ملاکِ عمل بودن"

— To be the current guiding principle or rule.

تا اطلاع ثانوی، این قانون ملاک عمل است.

Formal

"بی‌ملاک"

— Without any standard or rhyme/reason.

تصمیمات بی‌ملاک او همه را خسته کرد.

Neutral

"ملاکِ درستی"

— The standard of truth or correctness.

عقل ملاک درستی است.

Philosophical

"ملاک‌های سخت‌گیرانه"

— Strict or rigorous criteria.

شرکت ملاک‌های سخت‌گیرانه‌ای برای استخدام دارد.

Formal

"ملاکِ عینی"

— Objective criterion.

ما به ملاک‌های عینی نیاز داریم.

Academic

"ملاکِ ذهنی"

— Subjective criterion.

سلیقه یک ملاک ذهنی است.

Academic

"ملاکِ واحد"

— A single/unified standard.

باید یک ملاک واحد برای همه داشته باشیم.

Formal

"خارج از ملاک"

— Outside the standard or rules.

این رفتار خارج از ملاک‌های ماست.

Neutral

Fácil de confundir

ملاک vs معیار (Meyār)

Both mean standard/criterion.

Meyār is more common for measurable or physical scales. Melāk is more common for the conceptual basis of a decision.

معیار اندازه‌گیری (Measurement scale) vs ملاک انتخاب (Selection criterion).

ملاک vs ضابطه (Zābete)

Both involve rules.

Zābete is a specific procedural rule or regulation. Melāk is the broader principle.

ضوابط اداری (Administrative regulations).

ملاک vs شاخص (Shākhes)

Both are used in evaluation.

Shākhes is an indicator or index (often numerical). Melāk is the standard itself.

شاخص تورم (Inflation index).

ملاک vs مبنا (Mabnā)

Both mean basis.

Mabnā is the foundation on which something is built. Melāk is the filter through which something is judged.

مبنای نظری (Theoretical basis).

ملاک vs مقیاس (Meqyās)

Both relate to measurement.

Meqyās is usually a literal scale or ratio (like on a map).

در مقیاس بزرگ (On a large scale).

Padrões de frases

[Noun] ملاک است.

پول ملاک است.

ملاک برای [Noun]، [Noun] است.

ملاک برای من، صداقت است.

ما [Noun] را ملاک قرار می‌دهیم.

ما نمره را ملاک قرار می‌دهیم.

ملاک‌های [Noun] شامل [List] می‌شود.

ملاک‌های استخدام شامل تجربه و دانش می‌شود.

بر اساس چه ملاکی [Verb]؟

بر اساس چه ملاکی این کار را کردی؟

عدم وجود ملاکِ [Noun] باعث [Result] شد.

عدم وجود ملاکِ روشن باعث سردرگمی شد.

ملاکِ [Noun] بر مبنای [Noun] استوار است.

ملاکِ قضاوت بر مبنای عدالت استوار است.

واکاویِ ملاک‌های [Adjective] مستلزم [Noun] است.

واکاویِ ملاک‌های زیباشناختی مستلزم دانش عمیق است.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

ملاک (Criterion)

مالکیت (Ownership - shared root)

ملک (Property - shared root)

Adjetivos

ملاکی (Criterial - rare)

بی‌ملاک (Standardless)

Relacionado

معیار

ضابطه

سنجش

ارزیابی

قانون

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Como usar

frequency

High in formal/professional Persian; Moderate in daily speech.

Erros comuns

استفاده از 'ملاک' به جای 'دلیل' → دلیلِ دیر آمدنِ من ترافیک بود.
You cannot say 'The criterion of my lateness was traffic.' Traffic is a cause (Dalil).
تلفظ اشتباه 'آ' در ملاک → Melāk (Long A)
Pronouncing it as 'Melak' (Short A) makes it sound like a different word or simply incorrect.
فراموش کردنِ کسره (Ezafe) → ملاکِ من (Melāk-e man)
In Persian, possessives and relationships between nouns require the ezafe.
استفاده از 'ملاک' برای چیزهای خیلی کوچک → سلیقه من در بستنی (My taste in ice cream).
Using 'Melāk' for ice cream sounds too formal/dramatic.
جمع بستن اشتباه → ملاک‌ها (Melākhā)
Don't use complex Arabic plural rules; the standard Persian '-hā' is perfect.

Dicas

Professionalism

Use 'Melāk' in job interviews to discuss your standards for work. It makes you sound organized and principled.

Ezafe Connection

Remember that 'Melāk' almost always needs an ezafe when followed by another noun, like 'Melāk-e ghezāvat' (criterion of judgment).

Synonym Choice

Choose 'Melāk' over 'Meyār' when you want to emphasize the logic behind a decision rather than the measurement itself.

Emphasis

When you say 'In melāk nist,' stress the 'nist' to strongly reject a standard.

Academic Tone

In essays, use 'Melāk-e amal' to refer to the 'guiding principle' of your research.

Social Nuance

Be aware that in social settings, asking for someone's 'Melāk' can be seen as a deep, probing question.

News Keywords

Recognize 'Melāk' as a keyword in political news regarding candidate vetting.

Visual Link

Link 'Melāk' to a 'Lock.' The criteria 'lock' the decision in place.

Avoid Dalil

Don't use 'Melāk' when you mean a simple 'because.' Only use it for a 'standard.'

Abstract Concepts

Try using 'Melāk' to discuss abstract concepts like 'truth' or 'beauty' to practice high-level Persian.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of a 'Measure-Lock.' A Melāk is the 'measure' you 'lock' in to make a decision. Me-Lāk.

Associação visual

Imagine a giant golden ruler (standard) being used to weigh two different options on a scale.

Word Web

Standard Criterion Judgment Law Selection Evaluation Benchmark Principle

Desafio

Write three criteria (Melāk-hā) you have for choosing a new book to read, using the word at least twice.

Origem da palavra

Derived from the Arabic root m-l-k (م-ل-ک), which relates to owning, possessing, or ruling. In Persian, it evolved specifically to mean the 'ruling standard' or 'criterion.'

Significado original: The basis of possession or the point of reference for ownership.

Semitic (Arabic root) adapted into Indo-European (Persian).

Contexto cultural

No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral, logical term.

The English word 'Criterion' is the closest match, though 'standard' is often used in more casual English where Persian would still use 'Melāk.'

Legal codes in Iran (Qānun-e Madani). Philosophical debates by Avicenna (Ibn Sina). Modern news segments on 'Mellat' TV.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Education

ملاک نمره دادن
ملاک پذیرش تحصیلی
ملاک‌های ارزیابی دانشجو
ملاک قبولی در امتحان

Employment

ملاک استخدام
ملاک ارتقای شغلی
ملاک حقوق و مزایا
ملاک‌های گزینش

Legal/Politics

ملاک قانونی
ملاک صلاحیت
ملاک‌های رای‌گیری
ملاک عمل قضایی

Personal Relationships

ملاک ازدواج
ملاک دوستی
ملاک‌های اخلاقی
ملاک اعتماد

Shopping/Consumerism

ملاک خرید
ملاک کیفیت
ملاک قیمت‌گذاری
ملاک انتخاب برند

Iniciadores de conversa

"ملاک شما برای انتخاب یک دوست صمیمی چیست؟"

"آیا ثروت باید ملاک اصلی برای موفقیت باشد؟"

"در کشور شما، ملاک‌های اصلی برای ورود به دانشگاه چیست؟"

"شما چه ملاک‌هایی برای خرید یک گوشی موبایل جدید دارید؟"

"به نظر شما ملاکِ یک زندگی شاد چیست؟"

Temas para diário

درباره ملاک‌های خود برای خوشبختی بنویسید و توضیح دهید چرا این موارد برایتان مهم هستند.

اگر شما مدیر یک شرکت بودید، چه ملاک‌هایی برای استخدام کارمندان جدید در نظر می‌گرفتید؟

تفاوت بین ملاک‌های شخصی و ملاک‌های اجتماعی را با ذکر مثال توضیح دهید.

آیا ملاک‌های شما برای زندگی نسبت به پنج سال گذشته تغییر کرده است؟ چگونه؟

نقش ملاک‌های اخلاقی در تصمیم‌گیری‌های روزمره خود را تحلیل کنید.

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

It is an Arabic-rooted word (m-l-k) that is fully integrated into Persian. In Persian, its meaning has become more specific to 'criterion' than its original Arabic usage might suggest.

Yes, but it sounds a bit serious. If you are talking about why you like a pizza, 'Saliqe' (taste) or 'Dalil' (reason) is better. Use 'Melāk' for more significant choices like jobs or relationships.

The Persian plural is 'Melāk-hā' (ملاک‌ها). You might occasionally see Arabic broken plurals in very old texts, but 'Melāk-hā' is the standard today.

You can say 'Melāk-hā-ye dogāne' (ملاک‌های دوگانه) or 'Standard-hā-ye dogāne'.

Persian does not have grammatical gender, so 'Melāk' is neutral.

The most common verbs are 'budan' (to be), 'qarār dādan' (to set/place), and 'dānestan' (to consider).

No. While it shares a root with 'Melk' (property), 'Melāk' specifically means criterion. Do not confuse the two.

'Melāk-e' is the ezafe (criterion of...), while 'Melāk-i' is the indefinite (a criterion).

Yes, it is very common in scientific and academic writing to describe parameters and criteria.

Yes, they share the root m-l-k, which implies authority and possession. A 'Melāk' is the 'authoritative standard'.

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