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A2 preposition #3,000 mais comum 9 min de leitura

روبرو

rooberoo
Exemplos Notas e dicas روبرو em 30 segundos
Explicação روبرو in your Level:
At the A1 level, learners focus on basic survival Persian. 'Rooberoo' is introduced as a simple location word. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar or abstract meanings. You just need to know that if you are looking for a place, 'rooberoo' helps you find it. It's like learning 'left', 'right', 'near', and 'far'. You will mostly see it used with the 'Ezafe' (the -e or -ye sound) to connect it to a building or a person. For example, 'rooberoo-ye baank' (opposite the bank). Think of it as a physical pointer. At A1, the goal is to recognize the word in simple directions and be able to use it to describe where you are or where something is in a very literal, concrete way. You might practice by describing your room or a simple street map. The focus is on the 'face-to-face' aspect—if you are standing at the door of the bank and you look straight ahead across the street, whatever you see is 'rooberoo'. It's a foundational word for building spatial awareness in Persian. Most A1 learners will encounter this in the context of 'Where is the...?' questions. It's one of the first prepositions of place you'll learn after 'dar' (in), 'roo-ye' (on), and 'zir-e' (under). Don't worry about spelling it perfectly yet; focus on hearing that final 'oo' sound and the 'ye' that follows it when another noun is coming. This level is all about building the mental map where 'rooberoo' represents the 'opposite' side of the street or table.
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At the A2 level, you move beyond just identifying locations to using 'rooberoo' in more complete sentences and slightly more varied contexts. You'll start to use it with pronouns, like 'rooberoo-ye man' (opposite me) or 'rooberoo-ye maa' (opposite us). You'll also encounter the compound verb 'rooberoo shodan' (to meet/encounter) in its most basic form. For example, 'I met my friend' (literally: I became face-to-face with my friend). At this stage, you are expected to handle the Ezafe more consistently. You'll also begin to distinguish 'rooberoo' from 'jolo' (in front of). An A2 learner should be able to give basic directions using 'rooberoo' and understand when someone uses it to describe a meeting. You might use it to describe a photo: 'The boy is sitting opposite the girl.' The language becomes more interactive. You aren't just pointing at a bank; you are describing people's positions relative to each other. You will also start to see 'rooberoo' used as an adverb without a noun following it, like 'Look ahead' (be rooberoo negaah kon). This level is about expanding the word's utility from a static label to a dynamic part of descriptions and simple narratives. You'll also learn to conjugate 'shodan' when it's paired with 'rooberoo', allowing you to talk about past encounters. It's a step toward more natural, conversational Persian where you can describe your day and the people you 'ran into' or 'faced' in a simple sense.
At the B1 level, 'rooberoo' starts to take on metaphorical meanings. You'll move from 'facing a building' to 'facing a problem' or 'facing a challenge'. This is a significant shift in your Persian proficiency. You'll use phrases like 'ba moshkelaat rooberoo shodim' (we faced problems). The grammar becomes more complex as you use 'rooberoo' in different tenses—past continuous, future, and present perfect. You'll also start to appreciate the nuance between 'rooberoo' and its formal synonym 'moghaabel'. A B1 learner knows that 'rooberoo' is the warmer, more common choice for speaking, while 'moghaabel' might appear in the news or a textbook. You'll also learn more complex idioms and collocations involving 'rooberoo'. Your ability to give directions will become much more sophisticated, using 'rooberoo' as a reference point for complex movements. You might describe a scene in a movie where two characters are 'rooberoo' each other in a tense moment. At this level, you should also be comfortable using 'rooberoo' in the 'rooberoo-ye ham' (opposite each other) construction, which is very common when describing groups or pairs. You are no longer just learning a word; you are learning how that word shapes Persian thought regarding confrontation, presence, and spatial logic. You will also start to notice 'rooberoo' in more formal spoken contexts, like interviews or talk shows, where guests 'face' questions or 'face' their critics. It's a transition from the physical world to the world of ideas and social dynamics.
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'rooberoo' with precision and stylistic awareness. You can discuss abstract concepts like 'facing the truth' or 'confronting one's fears' using 'rooberoo shodan'. You'll also be familiar with more literary or poetic uses of the word. In B2, you should be able to use 'rooberoo' in complex sentence structures, such as relative clauses or conditional sentences ('If I were faced with that situation...'). You'll also understand the difference between 'rooberoo' and 'mokhaalef' (opposite in opinion) and use them correctly without hesitation. Your vocabulary will include related terms like 'rooberooyi' (confrontation/encounter as a noun). You can participate in debates where you might say, 'In the opposite view...' (dar noghte-ye moghaabel/rooberoo). This level requires a high degree of grammatical accuracy, especially with the Ezafe and the prepositions that follow compound verbs. You'll also be able to recognize 'rooberoo' in various registers—from slangy street talk to formal academic Persian. You might analyze a text where 'rooberoo' is used to create a sense of symmetry or conflict. Your understanding of the word is now multi-dimensional: it's a tool for geography, a tool for social interaction, and a tool for philosophical or political discussion. You can explain the 'face-to-face' etymology to others and use it to remember the word's various applications. At B2, 'rooberoo' is a versatile instrument in your linguistic toolkit that you can use to express subtle differences in how people and ideas interact.
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At the C1 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'rooberoo'. you understand its nuances in classical poetry versus modern journalism. You can use it to describe complex psychological states, such as 'confronting the self' or 'the face-to-face encounter with the divine' in Sufi literature. Your use of the word is effortless and idiomatic. You understand how 'rooberoo' can be used to create specific rhetorical effects in a speech or an essay. You are also aware of the historical evolution of the word and how it relates to other Indo-European 'face' or 'front' related words. At this level, you can handle any grammatical complexity involving 'rooberoo', including its use in archaic or highly formal constructions. You might use 'rooberoo' to discuss the 'mirroring' effect in art or literature. You are also sensitive to the cultural implications of 'being rooberoo'—the importance of eye contact, the etiquette of seating, and the social expectations of a face-to-face meeting in Iranian society. You can use the word to express irony or sarcasm ('He finally faced the consequences of his actions'). Your vocabulary is rich with synonyms and you choose 'rooberoo' specifically for its directness and its 'face-to-face' imagery. You can also translate complex English concepts involving 'opposite' or 'face' into the most appropriate Persian equivalent, whether that's 'rooberoo', 'moghaabel', 'mokhaalef', or 'bar-ax'. At C1, 'rooberoo' is not just a word you know; it's a word you feel, with all its cultural and historical weight.
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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'rooberoo' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You can engage in deep philosophical discussions about the nature of 'facing' the other, perhaps referencing Levinas or other philosophers in a Persian context. You can appreciate the most subtle uses of 'rooberoo' in the works of Hafez or Rumi, where physical orientation often mirrors spiritual states. You are a master of the word's registers and can use it in a highly sophisticated manner in any context, from a formal diplomatic negotiation to a casual conversation with a close friend. You understand the nuances of how 'rooberoo' is used in different Persian dialects (like Dari or Tajik) and can navigate those differences. You can write scholarly articles or literary critiques where 'rooberoo' is used as a key thematic or structural concept. Your command of the language is such that you can even play with the word—using it in puns, wordplay, or creative writing to evoke specific emotions or ideas. You have a deep understanding of the word's 'Ezafe' logic and can use it in even the most complex and rare grammatical structures. At C2, 'rooberoo' is a part of your linguistic DNA. You don't think about its meaning or grammar; you simply use it to express exactly what you intend, with all the precision, color, and cultural resonance that the Persian language allows. You are fully attuned to the 'face-to-face' soul of the word.
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Exemplos Notas e dicas

روبرو em 30 segundos

  • A common Persian word meaning 'opposite' or 'facing' in spatial contexts.
  • Often used to give directions or describe the location of buildings and objects.
  • Forms the compound verb 'rooberoo shodan' meaning 'to face' or 'to encounter'.
  • Requires the Ezafe (-e/-ye) when used as a preposition before a noun.

The Persian word روبرو (rooberoo) is a fundamental preposition and adverb in the Persian language, primarily used to describe spatial relationships where two entities are facing each other. At its most basic level, it translates to 'opposite,' 'facing,' or 'across from.' Understanding this word is crucial for navigating physical spaces, giving directions, and eventually mastering more abstract concepts of confrontation and encounter. In Persian, the construction of this word is quite literal: roo (face) + be (to/with) + roo (face), essentially meaning 'face-to-face.' This etymological roots provide a clear mental image for learners: if two things are روبرو, their 'fronts' or 'faces' are directed towards one another.

Physical Location
Used to describe buildings, people, or objects positioned directly across from each other. For example, 'The pharmacy is opposite the hospital.'

خانه ما دقیقا روبروی پارک است. (Our house is exactly opposite the park.)

Beyond simple geography, روبرو is frequently used in social contexts. When you meet someone and stand facing them, you are روبرو with them. This leads into the verbal construction روبرو شدن (rooberoo shodan), which means 'to encounter' or 'to face.' This can be a literal meeting of people or a metaphorical facing of problems, challenges, or the truth. In Persian culture, physical orientation during conversation is important, and being 'face-to-face' implies a level of directness and presence that is captured by this term.

Metaphorical Use
Addressing a situation or a difficulty directly. 'Facing reality' uses this concept of being eye-to-eye with a fact.

او با مشکلات زیادی روبرو شد. (He was faced with many problems.)

In everyday speech, you will hear this word constantly when asking for directions. If you ask where the metro station is, someone might say, 'It's opposite that tall building.' It is less formal than its synonym مقابل (moghaabel), making it the preferred choice for casual conversations and daily interactions. However, it is perfectly acceptable in formal writing as well, especially when discussing encounters or opposing viewpoints. It is a versatile building block of the Persian language that bridges the gap between physical space and abstract thought.

Using روبرو correctly requires an understanding of Persian sentence structure, particularly the use of the Ezafe. When روبرو acts as a preposition meaning 'opposite of,' it connects to the following noun with the -e sound. For example, 'opposite the school' becomes rooberoo-ye madrese. Without this connection, the sentence would feel fragmented and grammatically incomplete to a native speaker. This is a common hurdle for English speakers who are used to the word 'opposite' standing alone or being followed by 'to' or 'from'.

The Ezafe Connection
Always remember to add the 'ye' or 'e' suffix when a noun follows. 'Rooberoo-ye man' (Opposite me).

صندلی من روبروی پنجره است. (My chair is opposite the window.)

When used as an adverb, روبرو does not require the Ezafe. This happens when the word describes the position without naming the object it is opposite to. For instance, if you are telling someone to look ahead or look at what is facing them, you might just say 'Negaah kon be rooberoo' (Look at [the space] opposite/ahead). In this context, it functions as a noun phrase meaning 'the front' or 'the opposite side'. This distinction between its prepositional and adverbial roles is key to achieving fluency.

Another common usage is in the phrase روبرو با (rooberoo baa), which means 'facing with' or 'confronted by.' While rooberoo-ye is purely spatial, rooberoo baa often introduces the thing or person being encountered. For example, 'Confronted with the enemy' would be rooberoo baa doshman. This nuance allows Persian speakers to express different levels of interaction—from merely being located across from something to actively engaging with it.

ما با یک انتخاب سخت روبرو هستیم. (We are facing a difficult choice.)

Finally, consider the word order. In Persian, prepositions usually come before the noun, just like in English. However, because Persian is a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) language, the entire prepositional phrase (rooberoo-ye bank) will typically appear before the verb at the end of the sentence. Practicing this placement will help you sound more natural and less like you are translating word-for-word from English.

The word روبرو is ubiquitous in Iranian daily life. If you are walking through the bustling streets of Tehran or Isfahan, you will hear it most frequently in the context of navigation. Whether it's a taxi driver confirming a destination or a passerby helping you find a hidden cafe, 'rooberoo' is the go-to word for pointing out landmarks. 'It's opposite the mosque' or 'Wait for me opposite the cinema' are phrases you will likely use or hear within your first few days in a Persian-speaking environment.

Daily Navigation
Commonly used in Snapp (Iranian Uber) or taxi rides to specify pick-up and drop-off points.

آقا، لطفا روبروی ایستگاه مترو نگه دارید. (Sir, please stop opposite the metro station.)

In social settings, روبرو appears when arranging meetings. Iranians often use landmarks rather than street numbers to meet. You might hear someone say, 'Let's meet in front of (opposite) the main gate.' It also comes up in descriptions of seating arrangements at a dinner party or a formal meeting: 'I was sitting opposite the host.' This usage reinforces the 'face-to-face' nature of the word, emphasizing the social connection or the direct line of sight between two people.

You will also encounter روبرو in news broadcasts and formal reports. When journalists discuss international relations, they often speak of countries 'facing' each other in negotiations or conflict. Phrases like 'facing a crisis' or 'facing an opponent' use the compound verb روبرو شدن. This demonstrates the word's transition from a simple spatial marker to a sophisticated tool for describing complex human and political interactions. Even in literature and poetry, the 'face-to-face' encounter with the beloved or with destiny is a recurring theme, often utilizing the evocative power of this word.

او در آینه با خودش روبرو شد. (He came face-to-face with himself in the mirror.)

Lastly, in the digital age, you might see this word in user interfaces or apps. If an app asks you to 'face' the camera for a selfie or facial recognition, the instructions might use a variation of روبرو. It is a word that has stood the test of time, evolving from classical Persian to modern technological contexts without losing its core essence of direct, frontal orientation.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using روبرو is omitting the Ezafe (-e/-ye) when it is used as a preposition. In English, we say 'opposite the bank,' but in Persian, you cannot simply say rooberoo bank. It must be rooberoo-ye bank. This 'y' sound acts as the glue. Without it, the words are just a list, not a relationship. Beginners often forget this because the Ezafe isn't always written in Persian script, though it is always pronounced.

The Missing Ezafe
Incorrect: روبرو کتابخانه (Rooberoo ketaabkhaane). Correct: روبروی کتابخانه (Rooberoo-ye ketaabkhaane).

Another common error is confusing روبرو (opposite) with جلوی (joloy-e), which means 'in front of.' While they might seem similar, they describe different orientations. 'In front of' (jolo) implies something is ahead of you, perhaps facing the same direction as you (like a car in a line). 'Opposite' (rooberoo) specifically means facing you. If you tell a taxi driver to stop 'rooberoo' of a shop, he might look across the street, whereas 'jolo' would mean right at the curb in front of the entrance.

Learners also struggle with the compound verb روبرو شدن. A common mistake is using the wrong preposition after it. In English, we 'face' something (no preposition) or are 'confronted with' something. In Persian, you are rooberoo WITH (baa) something. Forgetting the baa or using az (from) or be (to) incorrectly can change the meaning or make the sentence nonsensical.

اشتباه: من با او روبرو شدم (Correct). اشتباه: من او را روبرو شدم (Incorrect - missing 'baa').

Finally, there is the issue of spelling. Because the word ends in a 'vav' (و) that sounds like 'oo', and the next sound in the Ezafe is also a 'y' sound, learners sometimes get confused about how to write the connection. In modern Persian, the 'ye' (ی) is usually written to represent the Ezafe after a 'vav'. Writing روبروِ (with a small hamze) is less common nowadays than روبروی. Keeping up with these orthographic conventions will make your written Persian look much more professional and contemporary.

Persian has several words that overlap with روبرو, and choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the specific context. The most direct synonym is مقابل (moghaabel). While both mean 'opposite,' مقابل is of Arabic origin and carries a slightly more formal or academic weight. You will see مقابل in legal documents, scientific descriptions, or high-level literature. For everyday directions, روبرو is much more natural.

مقابل (Moghaabel)
Formal synonym. Often used in abstract contexts like 'in contrast to' or in formal debates.

Another related word is جلو (jolo). As mentioned in the common mistakes section, جلو means 'in front of.' While روبرو implies a face-to-face orientation, جلو is more general. If you are standing in a line, the person in front of you is jolo-ye you, but they are not rooberoo-ye you unless they turn around to look at you. Understanding this distinction is vital for precise communication, especially when giving or following instructions.

تفاوت: روبرو یعنی صورت به صورت؛ جلو یعنی در سمت جلو. (Difference: 'Rooberoo' means face-to-face; 'Jolo' means in the front direction.)

Then there is پیش (pish), which can also mean 'before' or 'in front of.' However, pish is often used in a temporal sense (meaning 'ago') or to indicate being in someone's presence (like 'I went to [before] the doctor'). It rarely replaces روبرو in a purely spatial 'opposite' sense. Another alternative is برابر (baraabar), which usually means 'equal' but can sometimes mean 'opposite' or 'in front of' in very formal or poetic contexts, suggesting a sense of standing equal and opposite to something.

Finally, consider the word تضاد (tazaad) or مخالف (mokhaalef) when you want to express 'opposite' in terms of ideas or opinions. If you want to say 'the opposite opinion,' you wouldn't use روبرو; you would use nazarye-ye mokhaalef. روبرو is strictly for physical orientation or the act of facing/encountering. By learning these nuances, you avoid the trap of using a single English word ('opposite') to cover five different Persian concepts, thereby making your Persian much more idiomatic and precise.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The word 'roo' (face) is related to the English word 'row' (as in a row of things) in some distant etymological theories, but more directly to the idea of a 'surface' or 'front'.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /ruːbeɾuː/
US /ruːbeɾuː/
The stress is usually on the final syllable '-roo'.
Rima com
آرزو (Aarezoo - Wish) گفتگو (Goftegoo - Conversation) جستجو (Jostejoo - Search) سبو (Saboo - Pitcher) کدو (Kadoo - Pumpkin) تار و پود (Taaro-pood - Warp and weft) درو (Daroo - Medicine) خوبرو (Khoobroo - Beautiful faced)
Erros comuns
  • Pronouncing 'be' as 'bee' (it should be a short 'e').
  • Failing to pronounce the final 'oo' long enough.
  • Missing the 'ye' connection in 'rooberoo-ye'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 2/5

Easy to recognize once you know the 'roo' (face) root.

Escrita 3/5

Requires remembering the Ezafe 'ye' when writing.

Expressão oral 2/5

Very common and useful; easy to pronounce.

Audição 2/5

Clear pronunciation, though the Ezafe can be fast.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

رو (Face) به (To) در (In) با (With) شدن (To become)

Aprenda a seguir

مقابل (Opposite - formal) جلو (Front) پشت (Behind) کنار (Beside) برخورد (Encounter)

Avançado

تقابل (Confrontation) مواجهه (Encounter - Arabic root) تضاد (Contrast) تناقض (Paradox) انعکاس (Reflection)

Gramática essencial

The Ezafe (-e/-ye) must connect prepositions of place to their objects.

روبروی (rooberoo-ye) مدرسه.

Compound verbs with 'shodan' often require the preposition 'baa' (with).

من با (baa) او روبرو شدم.

Adverbs of place usually precede the verb in Persian.

او روبرو (rooberoo) نشست.

When 'rooberoo' is a noun (the front), it can take 'be' (to).

به روبرو (be rooberoo) نگاه کن.

The plural of the noun 'rooberooyi' is 'rooberooyi-haa'.

روبرویی‌ها همیشه سخت هستند.

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Exemplos por nível

1

بانک روبروی پارک است.

The bank is opposite the park.

Note the 'ye' sound in 'rooberoo-ye' connecting the two nouns.

2

من روبروی تو هستم.

I am opposite you.

'To' is the informal 'you'.

3

کتابخانه روبروی مدرسه است.

The library is opposite the school.

Simple subject-preposition-object-verb structure.

4

ماشین روبروی خانه ایستاد.

The car stopped opposite the house.

'Istād' is the past tense of 'to stop'.

5

میز روبروی پنجره است.

The table is opposite the window.

Spatial relationship in a room.

6

ایستگاه مترو روبروی سینماست.

The metro station is opposite the cinema.

'Cinemā-st' is a contraction of 'cinemā ast'.

7

آنها روبروی هم نشستند.

They sat opposite each other.

'Ham' means 'each other' here.

8

رستوران روبروی هتل است.

The restaurant is opposite the hotel.

Basic direction-giving sentence.

1

لطفا روبروی در منتظر بمانید.

Please wait opposite the door.

Imperative form of 'māndan' (to stay/wait).

2

ما در کافه روبروی سینما همدیگر را دیدیم.

We saw each other in the cafe opposite the cinema.

Uses 'hamdigar' for 'each other'.

3

خانه جدید من روبروی یک پارک بزرگ است.

My new house is opposite a big park.

Adjective 'bozorg' follows the noun 'park'.

4

او همیشه روبروی آینه موهایش را شانه می کند.

She always combs her hair opposite the mirror.

Present habitual tense.

5

ایستگاه اتوبوس دقیقا روبروی سوپرمارکت است.

The bus station is exactly opposite the supermarket.

'Daghighan' (exactly) adds precision.

6

آیا صندلی من روبروی تلویزیون است؟

Is my chair opposite the TV?

Question form using 'āyā'.

7

بیا روبروی ایستگاه قطار همدیگر را پیدا کنیم.

Let's find each other opposite the train station.

Subjunctive 'peyda konim' for suggestion.

8

او با یک دوست قدیمی روبرو شد.

He came face-to-face with an old friend.

Basic use of the compound verb 'rooberoo shodan'.

1

ما با مشکلات مالی روبرو هستیم.

We are facing financial problems.

Metaphorical use of 'rooberoo' with 'baa'.

2

او جرات نکرد با حقیقت روبرو شود.

He didn't dare to face the truth.

'Jorat kardan' means 'to dare'.

3

تیم ما در مسابقه بعدی با رقیب سختی روبرو می شود.

Our team will face a tough rival in the next match.

Future/Present context.

4

وقتی با او روبرو شدم، نمی دانستم چه بگویم.

When I faced him, I didn't know what to say.

Use of 'vaghti' (when) clause.

5

شرکت با بحران بزرگی روبرو شده است.

The company has been faced with a big crisis.

Present perfect 'rooberoo shode ast'.

6

او همیشه با لبخند با مشکلات روبرو می شود.

She always faces problems with a smile.

Adverbial 'baa labkhand' (with a smile).

7

ما باید با واقعیت روبرو شویم، نه اینکه از آن فرار کنیم.

We must face reality, not run away from it.

Contrast between 'rooberoo shodan' and 'faraar kardan'.

8

او در راه بازگشت با یک منظره زیبا روبرو شد.

He encountered a beautiful view on the way back.

'Manzare' means 'view' or 'scenery'.

1

دولت با انتقادات شدیدی از سوی مردم روبرو شده است.

The government has faced severe criticism from the people.

Formal 'az sooy-e' (from the side of).

2

او در طول سفرش با فرهنگ های مختلفی روبرو شد.

During his journey, he encountered various cultures.

'Dar tool-e' (during/throughout).

3

این پروژه با موانع غیرمنتظره ای روبرو گشت.

This project faced unexpected obstacles.

Formal 'gasht' instead of 'shod'.

4

نویسنده در این کتاب با مفاهیم فلسفی پیچیده ای روبرو می شود.

The author encounters complex philosophical concepts in this book.

Abstract use in literary analysis.

5

او پس از سال ها با ترس های دوران کودکی اش روبرو شد.

After years, he faced his childhood fears.

'Pas az' (after) formal preposition.

6

ما در این مسیر با چالش های اخلاقی روبرو خواهیم بود.

We will be facing ethical challenges on this path.

Future tense 'khāhim bood'.

7

او با یک انتخاب سرنوشت ساز روبرو شده بود.

He had been faced with a decisive choice.

Past perfect tense.

8

جامعه با تغییرات اجتماعی سریعی روبرو است.

Society is facing rapid social changes.

'Sari'' (rapid) as an adjective.

1

قهرمان داستان در نهایت با سایه خود روبرو می شود.

The protagonist finally faces his own shadow.

Jungian psychological context.

2

کشور با یک بن بست سیاسی بی سابقه روبرو گشته است.

The country has faced an unprecedented political deadlock.

'Bi-saabeghe' (unprecedented).

3

او با وقار تمام با مرگ روبرو شد.

He faced death with total dignity.

'Vaghaar' (dignity) is a high-level noun.

4

نظریه او با مخالفت های گسترده ای در محافل علمی روبرو شد.

His theory faced widespread opposition in scientific circles.

'Mahaafel' is the plural of 'mahfel' (circle/gathering).

5

او در اشعارش با مفهوم ابدیت روبرو می شود.

In his poems, he encounters the concept of eternity.

Literary critique register.

6

بشریت با تهدید جدی تغییرات اقلیمی روبرو است.

Humanity is facing the serious threat of climate change.

Global/Scientific context.

7

او در خلوت خود با وجدانش روبرو شد.

In his solitude, he faced his conscience.

'Khalvat' (solitude/privacy).

8

این فرضیه با داده های متناقضی روبرو شده است.

This hypothesis has been faced with contradictory data.

'Motenaaghegh' (contradictory).

1

تقابل میان سنت و مدرنیته، انسان معاصر را با بحران هویت روبرو کرده است.

The confrontation between tradition and modernity has faced contemporary man with an identity crisis.

Highly complex academic structure.

2

او در ساحت اندیشه با پرسش های بنیادین هستی روبرو گشت.

In the realm of thought, he encountered the fundamental questions of existence.

Philosophical register using 'saahat' (realm).

3

دیپلماسی ایران با چالش های ژئوپلیتیک پیچیده ای روبرو است.

Iranian diplomacy is facing complex geopolitical challenges.

Political science terminology.

4

هنرمند در فرآیند خلق، با محدودیت های ماده روبرو می شود.

The artist, in the process of creation, faces the limitations of the material.

Aesthetic/Philosophical context.

5

او با شجاعتی مثال زدنی با سرنوشت محتوم خود روبرو شد.

With exemplary courage, he faced his inevitable fate.

'Mohtoom' (inevitable/decreed).

6

نظام های اقتصادی با پارادوکس های درونی خود روبرو شده اند.

Economic systems have faced their internal paradoxes.

Economic theory register.

7

او در سیر و سلوک عرفانی با تجلیات الهی روبرو گشت.

In his mystical journey, he encountered divine manifestations.

Sufi/Mystical terminology.

8

این رویکرد با چالش های اپیستمولوژیک جدی روبرو است.

This approach faces serious epistemological challenges.

Highest level academic Persian.

Colocações comuns

روبروی هم
با ... روبرو شدن
دقیقا روبرو
روبرو با حقیقت
صفحه روبرو
خانه روبرو
صندلی روبرو
آینه روبرو
چالش روبرو
نگاه به روبرو

Frases Comuns

روبروی من

— Opposite me or facing me. Used in seating or standing.

او روبروی من نشست.

روبروی بانک

— Opposite the bank. Standard way to give directions.

کافه روبروی بانک است.

با هم روبرو شدن

— To meet or encounter each other. Can be accidental or intentional.

ما در خیابان با هم روبرو شدیم.

روبرو شدن با ترس

— To face one's fears. A very common psychological expression.

او بالاخره با ترس هایش روبرو شد.

از روبرو

— From the front. Used for directions or light sources.

نور از روبرو می آید.

سمت روبرو

— The opposite side or the front side.

سمت روبرو شلوغ است.

روبروی در

— Opposite the door. Common for waiting or placing items.

کفش ها را روبروی در بگذار.

دنیای روبرو

— The world ahead or the world we face. Often poetic.

او به دنیای روبرو فکر می کرد.

روبروی آینه

— In front of the mirror (facing it).

او روبروی آینه ایستاد.

روبروی خورشید

— Facing the sun.

روبروی خورشید ننشین.

Frequentemente confundido com

روبرو vs جلو (Jolo)

Jolo means 'in front of' (ahead), while rooberoo means 'opposite' (facing).

روبرو vs مقابل (Moghaabel)

Moghaabel is a formal synonym; rooberoo is more common in daily speech.

روبرو vs مخالف (Mokhaalef)

Mokhaalef means 'opposite' in opinion or direction (contrary), not physical facing.

Expressões idiomáticas

"روبرو کردن"

— To confront two people with each other, often to find the truth.

پلیس دو شاهد را روبرو کرد.

legal/neutral
"با واقعیت روبرو شدن"

— To accept the truth of a situation, often a difficult one.

وقت آن است که با واقعیت روبرو شوی.

colloquial
"روبرو شدن با بن بست"

— To reach a dead end or a situation with no solution.

مذاکرات با بن بست روبرو شد.

formal
"آینه روبرو"

— A metaphor for something that reflects the truth clearly.

او مثل آینه روبرو حقیقت را گفت.

literary
"چشم در چشم روبرو شدن"

— To meet someone eye-to-eye, implying a direct confrontation.

آنها چشم در چشم با هم روبرو شدند.

emphatic
"روبرو شدن با شکست"

— To experience failure.

تیم با شکست سنگینی روبرو شد.

journalistic
"روبرو شدن با طوفان"

— To face a literal or metaphorical storm (trouble).

ما با طوفان حوادث روبرو هستیم.

literary
"روبرو شدن با خود"

— To engage in self-reflection or confront one's own nature.

او در تنهایی با خودش روبرو شد.

philosophical
"روبرو شدن با موج"

— To face a wave of something (protests, changes, etc.).

دولت با موجی از اعتراضات روبرو شد.

journalistic
"روبرو شدن با علامت سوال"

— To be faced with a question or uncertainty.

او با یک علامت سوال بزرگ روبرو شد.

colloquial

Fácil de confundir

روبرو vs جلو (Jolo)

Both involve being 'in front'.

'Jolo' is 'ahead of' (same orientation), 'rooberoo' is 'facing' (opposite orientation).

He is 'jolo' in the line, but 'rooberoo' at the dinner table.

روبرو vs پیش (Pish)

Both can mean 'front'.

'Pish' often means 'before' or 'near', while 'rooberoo' is strictly 'opposite'.

I went 'pish' (to) the doctor; I sat 'rooberoo' (opposite) him.

روبرو vs برابر (Baraabar)

Can mean 'facing' in formal contexts.

'Baraabar' primarily means 'equal'; 'rooberoo' is the standard for 'opposite'.

Two plus two is 'baraabar' (equal) to four.

روبرو vs تضاد (Tazaad)

Means 'opposite' in English.

'Tazaad' is for logical contradiction; 'rooberoo' is for physical positioning.

Black and white are in 'tazaad'; the black house is 'rooberoo' the white one.

روبرو vs عکس (Aks)

Can mean 'opposite' or 'reverse'.

'Aks' is for 'reverse' or 'inverse' (or 'photo'); 'rooberoo' is for 'facing'.

The 'aks' (reverse) of this is true.

Padrões de frases

A1

[Noun] روبروی [Noun] است.

بانک روبروی پارک است.

A2

من روبروی [Noun/Pronoun] هستم.

من روبروی تو هستم.

B1

ما با [Problem/Challenge] روبرو شدیم.

ما با ترافیک روبرو شدیم.

B1

[Subject] روبروی [Noun] [Verb].

او روبروی پنجره نشست.

B2

[Subject] با [Abstract Noun] روبرو است.

او با ترس هایش روبرو است.

C1

در [Context]، با [Concept] روبرو می شویم.

در این کتاب، با عشق روبرو می شویم.

C2

[Complex Subject] با [Complex Problem] روبرو گشته است.

اقتصاد جهانی با تورم بی سابقه ای روبرو گشته است.

Any

نگاه کن به روبرو.

نگاه کن به روبرو.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

روبرویی (Rooberooyi - Confrontation/Encounter)
رو (Roo - Face)

Verbos

روبرو شدن (Rooberoo shodan - To face/encounter)
روبرو کردن (Rooberoo kardan - To confront)

Adjetivos

روبرو (Rooberoo - Opposite/Facing)

Relacionado

صورت (Soorat - Face)
مقابل (Moghaabel - Opposite)
پیش (Pish - Front/Before)
جلو (Jolo - Front)
برخورد (Barkhord - Impact/Encounter)
Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

frequency

Very high in both spoken and written Persian.

Erros comuns
  • روبرو بانک (Rooberoo bank) → روبروی بانک (Rooberoo-ye bank)

    You must use the Ezafe (-ye) to connect the preposition to the noun.

  • من او را روبرو شدم. → من با او روبرو شدم.

    The verb 'rooberoo shodan' requires the preposition 'baa' (with).

  • خانه من روبرو پارک است. → خانه من روبروی پارک است.

    Again, the missing Ezafe is the most common error.

  • استفاده از 'روبرو' برای نظرات مخالف. → استفاده از 'مخالف'.

    'Rooberoo' is for physical orientation; 'mokhaalef' is for opposing ideas.

  • تلفظ 'be' به صورت 'bee'. → تلفظ 'be' به صورت 'e' کوتاه.

    The 'be' in 'rooberoo' is a short vowel, not a long 'ee'.

Dicas

The Ezafe Rule

Always add '-ye' when 'rooberoo' is followed by a noun. It's the most common mistake for beginners.

Face-to-Face Mnemonic

Remember 'Roo' means 'Face'. So 'Roo-be-Roo' is literally 'Face-to-Face'. This helps you remember it's for 'facing' things.

Natural Directions

When giving directions to a taxi driver, use 'rooberoo-ye' followed by a famous landmark. It's the most effective way to communicate.

Spelling 'Ye'

In modern Persian, always write the 'ی' for the Ezafe after 'rooberoo'. It makes your writing clearer.

Seating Etiquette

In a meeting, being 'rooberoo' with the leader means you are the primary person they are talking to. Choose your seat wisely!

Compound Verb Master

Learn 'rooberoo shodan' (to face) early on. It's one of the most useful compound verbs in Persian for describing life events.

Listen for 'Baa'

If you hear 'rooberoo' followed by 'baa', a problem or a person is usually being discussed, not just a location.

Rooberoo vs Jolo

If you are 'jolo' of someone, you might both be looking the same way. If you are 'rooberoo', you are looking at each other.

Formal vs Informal

Use 'moghaabel' in your Persian essays to get higher marks for vocabulary range, but stick to 'rooberoo' in the classroom.

Mirror Practice

Stand 'rooberoo-ye ayne' (opposite the mirror) and practice your Persian. It's a great way to use the word literally!

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of two people named 'Roo' and 'Roo' standing 'be' (between/at) each other. Roo-be-Roo. They are face-to-face!

Associação visual

Imagine two large faces looking directly at each other across a street. That is 'rooberoo'.

Word Web

Face Mirror Street Opposite Encounter Confront Front Across

Desafio

Try to describe 5 things in your room using 'rooberoo-ye'. For example: 'The bed is opposite the desk.'

Origem da palavra

Derived from Middle Persian 'rōy' (face). The compound 'roo-be-roo' is a classic Persian construction.

Significado original: Face-to-face.

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian branch).

Contexto cultural

In very formal or religious settings, standing directly 'rooberoo' with someone of the opposite gender might be handled with more distance or subtle orientation shifts, though the word itself is neutral.

English speakers often use 'across from' for buildings and 'facing' for people. Persian uses 'rooberoo' for both.

'Ayne-ye Rooberoo' (Facing Mirrors) - A famous Iranian film. Classical poems often mention being 'rooberoo' with the beloved.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Giving Directions

  • روبروی بانک
  • دقیقا روبرو
  • بپیچید روبروی...
  • ایستگاه روبرو

Social Meetings

  • روبروی هم نشستن
  • همدیگر را روبرو دیدن
  • قرار روبروی سینما
  • چشم در چشم

Problem Solving

  • با مشکل روبرو شدن
  • روبرو شدن با حقیقت
  • حل چالش های روبرو
  • ترس های روبرو

Interior Design

  • روبروی پنجره
  • آینه روبرو
  • میز روبروی تخت
  • چیدمان روبرو

Literature/Media

  • روبرو شدن با سرنوشت
  • قهرمان روبرو با...
  • تیترهای روبرو
  • صحنه روبرو

Iniciadores de conversa

"خانه شما روبروی چیست؟ (What is your house opposite to?)"

"آخرین باری که با یک مشکل بزرگ روبرو شدی کی بود؟ (When was the last time you faced a big problem?)"

"آیا دوست داری روبروی پنجره کار کنی؟ (Do you like to work opposite a window?)"

"در شهر شما، سینما روبروی کجاست؟ (In your city, where is the cinema opposite to?)"

"اگر با یک آدم مشهور روبرو شوی، چه می گویی؟ (If you came face-to-face with a famous person, what would you say?)"

Temas para diário

امروز با چه چالش هایی روبرو شدی؟ (What challenges did you face today?)

توصیف کنید که در اتاق کارتان چه چیزهایی روبروی هم هستند. (Describe what things are opposite each other in your office.)

یک خاطره از زمانی که با یک دوست قدیمی روبرو شدید بنویسید. (Write a memory of a time you ran into an old friend.)

فکر می کنید جامعه ما با چه مشکلاتی روبرو است؟ (What problems do you think our society is facing?)

درباره اهمیت روبرو شدن با ترس ها بنویسید. (Write about the importance of facing fears.)

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

When it's followed by a noun (like 'bank' or 'you'), yes, it needs the Ezafe: 'rooberoo-ye bank'. If it's used alone as an adverb ('Look ahead'), it doesn't.

They mean the same thing, but 'rooberoo' is more common in speech, while 'moghaabel' is more formal and used in writing.

Not usually. For opinions, use 'mokhaalef' (contrary) or 'bar-ax' (reverse). 'Rooberoo' is for physical facing or encountering.

You can say 'Ba doostam rooberoo shodam' (I came face-to-face with my friend), though 'tasadofi didam' (I saw by accident) is also common.

Yes, 'aan taraf-e khiyaabaan' is 'across the street', but 'rooberoo' is used if the place is directly opposite you.

Only if the thing is facing you. If it's just 'ahead', use 'jolo'.

As a preposition, no. As a noun 'rooberooyi' (confrontation), it can be pluralized to 'rooberooyi-haa'.

It's written the same, but the 'ye' might be pronounced more like a short 'e' in rapid speech.

Yes, 'rooberoo-ye saakhtemaan' is perfect.

It means 'to the front' or 'ahead'. 'Negaah kon be rooberoo' means 'Look ahead'.

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