いつ帰りますか

The word 'いつ' (itsu) means 'when' and is a native Japanese word with ancient origins. '帰ります' (kaerimasu) is the polite form of '帰る' (kaeru), meaning 'to return' or 'to go home.' The suffix '-ます' (-masu) indicates politeness and present/future tense. 'か' (ka) is a question particle. The construction as a whole is a common and fundamental way to ask about a return time in Japanese, and its components have been used in similar grammatical structures for centuries. There isn't a single '200+ words origin history' for this phrase, but rather the individual words have their own extensive etymological backgrounds within the Japanese language.