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B1 verb #5,000 mais comum 10 min de leitura

仮定する

katei suru Top 5,000

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 仮定する em 30 segundos

Explicação 仮定する in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'katei suru' yourself yet. It is a bit advanced for beginners. Instead, you should focus on the basic 'if' word, which is 'moshi' (もし). For example, 'Moshi ame nara...' (If it is rain...). 'Katei suru' is the more formal, adult version of this 'what if' concept. Imagine you are playing a game and you want to say 'What if I am the king?'. In simple Japanese, you'd say 'Moshi watashi ga ousama nara...'. 'Katei suru' is like saying 'Let us hypothesize that I am the monarch.' It is much more formal! Just remember that Japanese has special words for logical thinking, and 'katei suru' is one of the most important ones for school and work later on. For now, just recognize that 'katei' means 'a temporary idea' or 'a guess for a reason'.

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As an A2 learner, you are starting to build more complex sentences. You might see 'katei suru' in simple reading materials or hear it in a classroom setting. It is a 'Suru-verb', which means it works just like 'benkyou suru' (to study) or 'renshuu suru' (to practice). You can say 'katei shimasu' (I assume) or 'katei shimashita' (I assumed). While you can still use 'moshi' for most things, 'katei suru' is useful when you want to sound more serious. For example, if you are doing a simple math problem, you might say 'A ga 5 da to katei shimasu' (I assume A is 5). This sounds much more like a student than just saying 'A is 5'. Start noticing when people use 'to katei suru' in textbooks. The 'to' is like a bridge between your idea and the verb.

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At the B1 level, you should begin incorporating 'katei suru' into your vocabulary, especially for academic or professional discussions. This is the level where you are expected to handle hypothetical situations. You can use it to set up arguments: 'Kono keikaku ga shippai suru to katei shite miyou' (Let's assume this plan fails). This shows you are thinking critically. You should also be able to use its conditional forms like 'katei sureba' (if we assume) to explain results. For example, 'Kore o katei sureba, kotae wa 10 ni narimasu' (If we assume this, the answer becomes 10). You are moving away from simple feelings and towards logical structures. Also, start distinguishing 'katei suru' from 'omou'. 'Omou' is your opinion; 'katei suru' is a logical tool you use to explore a possibility.

At the B2 level, you should use 'katei suru' fluently in debates, presentations, and essays. You should understand the nuance between 'katei suru' (hypothesize) and 'soutei suru' (envision/anticipate). For instance, in a business presentation, you might use 'soutei' for market forecasts and 'katei' for the underlying economic theories. You should also be comfortable with the passive form 'katei sareru' (it is assumed) and the noun phrase 'katei no hanashi' (hypothetical talk). For example, 'Kore waあくまで仮定の話ですが...' (This is strictly a hypothetical talk, but...). This level of Japanese requires you to signal clearly when you are speaking about facts versus when you are speaking about assumptions. 'Katei suru' is your primary tool for this signaling.

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For C1 learners, 'katei suru' is a fundamental part of sophisticated discourse. You should use it to challenge premises in complex arguments. You might use phrases like 'katei o oku' (to place an assumption) or 'katei o kutsugaesu' (to overturn an assumption). At this level, you are not just using the word; you are analyzing the assumptions of others. You will encounter this word in legal texts, philosophical treatises, and high-level scientific journals. You should be able to navigate the homophones like 'katei' (過程 - process) vs 'katei' (仮定 - hypothesis) through context alone. Your usage should be precise, using 'katei suru' for abstract logical posits and 'zentei to suru' for foundational presuppositions that are necessary for the entire argument's validity.

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At the C2 level, 'katei suru' is used with total precision and stylistic flair. You understand its role in the history of Japanese logic and its equivalence to Western philosophical 'positing'. You can use it in highly formal speeches or when writing academic papers for publication in Japanese. You might use it to construct elaborate counterfactuals (e.g., 'If the Meiji Restoration had not occurred...') to analyze history. Your mastery includes the ability to use the word in its most abstract forms, perhaps discussing the 'kateisei' (hypothetical nature) of a certain theory. You are also aware of how 'katei suru' interacts with different levels of Japanese politeness and honorifics, ensuring that your logical structure never compromises the social harmony of the interaction.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

仮定する em 30 segundos

Katei suru means to hypothesize or assume a condition for logical reasoning.
It is a formal Suru-verb used frequently in academic, scientific, and business contexts.
The grammar pattern is usually '[Clause] + to katei suru' to mark the assumption.
It differs from 'omou' (think) by being a deliberate, structured logical tool.

The Japanese verb 仮定する (katei suru) is a cornerstone of logical discourse, scientific inquiry, and hypothetical reasoning. At its core, it translates to "to hypothesize," "to assume," or "to suppose." It is a compound verb formed by the noun 仮定 (katei), meaning "hypothesis" or "assumption," and the auxiliary verb する (suru), meaning "to do." This word is essential for anyone moving beyond basic Japanese into the realms of abstract thought and professional communication. Unlike simple thinking or believing, katei suru implies a deliberate setting of parameters to explore a potential outcome.

Logical Framework: In a logical context, this word is used to establish the 'if' part of an 'if-then' statement. It provides a foundation upon which a theory or prediction can be built, regardless of whether the premise is currently true or false.

太陽が西から昇ると仮定するのは、非現実的ですが、物理学の思考実験では重要です。
Assuming that the sun rises in the west is unrealistic, but it is important in physics thought experiments.

In everyday conversation, you might use this word when discussing plans or scenarios that haven't happened yet. For example, if you are planning a trip, you might say, "Let's assume the weather will be bad and plan indoor activities." This usage bridges the gap between formal science and practical life planning. It signals to the listener that you are entering a space of imagination and logical deduction rather than stating a known fact.

Scientific Context: Scientists use this verb when formulating a hypothesis before conducting experiments. It is a formal way to say 'Let us posit that...' which sets a professional and rigorous tone for the subsequent data analysis.

薬の成分が血流に即座に入ると仮定して計算を行いましょう。
Let's perform the calculation assuming the drug components enter the bloodstream immediately.

Furthermore, the word is frequently encountered in mathematics and economics. When a professor says "Let X be a prime number," they are essentially saying "X is a prime number, let's assume that." This structural function makes it indispensable for academic success in Japan. It is not just about 'thinking'; it is about 'setting a condition' for the sake of an argument.

Business Strategy: In business meetings, leaders use this word to perform risk assessments. By assuming a worst-case scenario, they can prepare contingency plans. It shows a high level of preparedness and analytical thinking.

来期の売上が10%減少すると仮定して、予算を組み直してください。
Please restructure the budget assuming that sales for the next period will decrease by 10%.

Understanding katei suru also involves understanding its social weight. In Japanese culture, where directness can sometimes be avoided, using a hypothetical framework can be a polite way to suggest a possibility without being too assertive. It allows for a 'safe space' where ideas can be explored without immediate commitment to their truth.

Mastering the usage of 仮定する (katei suru) requires understanding its grammatical placement and the particles that accompany it. Most commonly, it follows a clause ending in a plain form verb or an adjective, followed by the particle と (to). This structure creates a 'supposing that...' or 'assuming that...' meaning that is vital for complex Japanese sentences.

The 'To' Particle Pattern: [Clause] + と仮定する. This is the standard way to express the content of your hypothesis. For example, 'A equals B' (AはBである) becomes 'Assuming A equals B' (AはBであると仮定する).

もし私が社長だと仮定して、どんな改革が必要か考えてみましょう。
Assuming I were the president, let's think about what reforms would be necessary.

Another common pattern involves using the noun form 仮定 (katei) as the object of the verb 置く (oku - to place), as in 仮定を置く (katei o oku). This literally means "to place an assumption" and is used in highly formal research papers or mathematical proofs to define the starting conditions of an argument.

Conditional Forms: You will often see 'katei suru' in its conditional forms like 'katei sureba' (if we assume) or 'katei shitara' (if we were to assume). These are used to introduce the consequences of the assumption.

この理論が正しいと仮定すれば、宇宙の起源が説明できます。
If we assume this theory is correct, we can explain the origin of the universe.

In debate or philosophy, you might hear the phrase 仮定の話 (katei no hanashi), which means "hypothetical talk" or "a hypothetical scenario." This is used to remind participants that the current discussion is not based on proven facts but on a set of 'what-ifs'.

The 'O' Particle Pattern: Sometimes 'katei suru' takes a direct object with 'o' (を) when the assumption itself is a noun phrase, though 'to' is more frequent for clauses.

最悪の事態を仮定して、避難訓練を行いましょう。
Let's conduct an evacuation drill assuming the worst-case scenario.

When writing, especially in academic contexts, using the passive form 仮定される (katei sareru) is quite common. It shifts the focus from the person making the assumption to the assumption itself. "It is assumed that..." (〜と仮定される) is a standard way to present a premise in a research paper.

While 仮定する (katei suru) might seem like a word reserved for textbooks, it is surprisingly common in various real-world scenarios. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word when it appears in media or professional environments.

News and Media: News anchors often use this word when reporting on potential government policies or economic forecasts. They might say, "Assuming the bill passes, the tax rate will increase." This usage clarifies that the tax increase is conditional.

政府は、感染症が再拡大すると仮定して、新しい対策案を練っています。
The government is developing a new plan, assuming that the infectious disease will spread again.

In the classroom, especially from middle school onwards, students hear this word constantly in math and science classes. It is the language of geometry proofs and physics problems. A teacher might start a problem by saying, "Assume this triangle is equilateral." This cements the word as a tool for logical progression in the minds of Japanese students.

Legal and Formal Settings: In a court of law or during legal negotiations, lawyers use 'katei suru' to explore different interpretations of a contract or a law. They use it to test the boundaries of a legal argument.

被告人がその場にいなかったと仮定すると、この証言は矛盾します。
Assuming the defendant was not there, this testimony becomes contradictory.

In modern tech and software development, 'katei suru' is used during the design phase. Developers assume certain user behaviors or system loads to build robust applications. You'll hear this during sprint planning or system architecture reviews. It is the language of 'use cases' and 'edge cases'.

Everyday Speculation: Even in casual settings, friends might use it when playing games or discussing 'what-if' life scenarios. "Assuming you won the lottery, what would you buy?" This makes the conversation more structured and engaging.

宝くじで一億円当たったと仮定して、世界一周旅行の計画を立てよう！
Let's assume you won 100 million yen in the lottery and plan a trip around the world!

Finally, in literature and philosophy books, this word is a key element of the author's narrative or argumentative structure. It invites the reader to step into a different reality. By mastering this word, you unlock the ability to participate in high-level intellectual discussions in Japanese.

While 仮定する (katei suru) is a powerful word, English speakers and Japanese learners often make several common errors. Understanding these pitfalls will help you use the word more naturally and accurately.

Overusing it for 'Think': A common mistake is using 'katei suru' when you simply mean 'I think' (omou). 'Katei suru' is for setting a formal hypothesis. If you just suspect something is true based on evidence, 'suisoku suru' (to guess/infer) or 'omou' is better.

❌ 彼はもう帰ったと仮定します。
Incorrect: I assume (hypothesize) he already went home. (Sounds too robotic/scientific)

Another error involves the particle choice. Many learners forget to use と (to) or try to use が (ga) or を (o) incorrectly when introducing a conditional clause. Remember that 'to' acts like a quotation mark for the thought or assumption being made.

Confusing with 'Soutei suru': 'Soutei suru' (想定する) also means 'to assume,' but it is more about 'anticipating' a scenario for planning purposes. 'Katei suru' is more about 'positing' a condition for logical reasoning. The difference is subtle but important in professional contexts.

地震が起きることを想定して準備する。
Prepare assuming (anticipating) an earthquake will occur.

Learners also struggle with the politeness levels. Because 'katei suru' is inherently a bit formal, using it in very casual slang-filled conversations might sound out of place or even sarcastic. In casual settings, people usually use 'moshi...' (if...) or '...to shitara' (if it were the case that...).

Register Mismatch: Using 'katei suru' with friends might make you sound like a professor or a robot. Use 'to shitara' (としたら) instead for a more natural 'what-if' vibe.

明日雨だとしたら、どうする？
If it rains tomorrow, what will you do? (More natural than using 'katei suru')

Lastly, don't confuse 仮定 (katei) with 過程 (katei). They are homophones (pronounced the same) but have completely different meanings. 過程 (process) refers to a series of actions, while 仮定 (hypothesis) refers to an assumption. Always check the kanji in writing!

To truly master 仮定する (katei suru), it is helpful to compare it with other Japanese words that deal with 'if', 'suppose', and 'assume'. Each has its own nuance and register.

想定する (Soutei suru): This is very close to 'katei suru' but focuses on 'envisioning' or 'anticipating' a specific scenario, usually for practical planning or risk management. It's common in engineering and business.
推測する (Suisoku suru): This means 'to infer' or 'to guess'. Unlike 'katei suru', which sets a condition regardless of proof, 'suisoku suru' uses existing clues to reach a likely conclusion.
見なす (Minasu): Meaning 'to regard as' or 'to consider as'. It is used when you treat one thing as if it were another for legal or practical purposes. 'We regard this as a success.'

この結果を成功と見なすことができます。
We can regard this result as a success.

In more casual contexts, you will encounter grammars that perform the same function as 'katei suru' without the heavy vocabulary. The most common is 〜としたら (to shitara) or 〜とする (to suru). These are the workhorses of hypothetical Japanese.

〜とする (to suru): A more flexible and common way to say 'let's assume'. It is used in everything from math to casual chat. 'Let's say it's true' (Hontou da to shiyou).

もし、明日が休みだとしましょう。どこへ行きたいですか？
Suppose tomorrow is a holiday. Where would you like to go?

Finally, consider 前提とする (zentei to suru). This means 'to take as a premise' or 'to presuppose'. It is used when an assumption is so fundamental to the argument that the whole thing collapses without it. While 'katei suru' is a temporary setup, 'zentei to suru' is the foundation.

Summary Table

仮定する: Logical hypothesis.
想定する: Anticipated scenario.
前提とする: Fundamental premise.
推測する: Educated guess based on clues.

By choosing the right word from this list, you can communicate with precision and nuance, showing that you understand the subtle differences in how Japanese speakers approach logic and planning.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The character 'Ka' (仮) is also used in 'Kamen' (mask), implying something that is not the 'true' or 'final' face. This perfectly fits the meaning of a 'temporary' assumption.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /ka.teː sɯ.ɾɯ/

US /kɑ.teɪ su.ru/

Flat pitch accent (Heiban). All morae are generally at the same level after the first syllable.

Rima com

Hitei suru (to deny) Kentei suru (to certify) Sentei suru (to select) Koutei suru (to affirm) Antei suru (to stabilize) Shitei suru (to designate) Kaitei suru (to revise) Seitei suru (to enact)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing 'tei' as two separate sounds instead of one long vowel.
Over-emphasizing the 'r' in 'suru' (it should be a light tap).
Confusing the pitch with 'katei' (process), though they are often both Heiban.
Pronouncing 'ka' with too much aspiration.
Missing the long vowel in 'tei'.

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5

The kanji are common but the concept is abstract.

Escrita 4/5

Requires correct use of the 'to' particle and clause structure.

Expressão oral 3/5

Easy to conjugate, but hard to use naturally without sounding overly formal.

Audição 3/5

Must distinguish from 'katei' (process).

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

もし (Moshi) 〜なら (Nara) 〜たら (Tara) 思う (Omou) 考える (Kangaeru)

Aprenda a seguir

想定する (Soutei suru) 前提 (Zentei) 推測する (Suisoku suru) 理論 (Riron) 証明する (Shoumei suru)

Avançado

演繹 (En'eki - Deduction) 帰納 (Kinou - Induction) 公理 (Kouri - Axiom) 反証 (Hanshou - Disproof) 蓋然性 (Gaizensei - Probability)

Gramática essencial

The 'To' Particle for Quotation/Content

彼は「行く」と言った / 彼は行くと仮定した。

Suru-verb Conjugation

仮定する、仮定しない、仮定した、仮定すれば。

Conditional ~Tara

仮定したら、結果が変わるだろう。

Conditional ~Ba

Aだと仮定すれば、Bが導き出される。

Noun + だと仮定する

それが真実だと仮定する。

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Exemplos por nível

もし、明日が休みだと仮定します。

Suppose tomorrow is a holiday.

A1 students can understand this as 'Let's say tomorrow is a day off.'

これをリンゴだと仮定してください。

Please assume this is an apple.

Simple imperative form using 'kudasai'.

1たす1は3だと仮定しましょう。

Let's assume 1 plus 1 is 3.

Using 'mashou' for 'let's'.

あなたが先生だと仮定します。

I assume you are the teacher.

Identifying a role for a hypothetical scenario.

ここが家だと仮定して遊びましょう。

Let's play assuming this is a house.

Using 'te-form' to connect the assumption to an action.

お金がたくさんあると仮定します。

Assume there is a lot of money.

Basic 'to katei shimasu' structure.

車があると仮定しましょう。

Let's assume we have a car.

Using 'aru' (to have/exist) in the assumption.

私が猫だと仮定してください。

Please assume that I am a cat.

Fun, simple hypothetical for roleplay.

雨が降ると仮定して、傘を持って行きます。

Assuming it will rain, I will take an umbrella.

Connecting a hypothesis to a logical preparation.

彼が来ないと仮定して、会議を始めましょう。

Assuming he won't come, let's start the meeting.

Negative form 'konai' inside the 'to' clause.

この話が本当だと仮定したら、どうしますか？

If we assumed this story was true, what would you do?

Using the 'tara' conditional form of 'katei suru'.

答えが間違っていると仮定してみましょう。

Let's try assuming the answer is wrong.

Using 'te-miru' (try doing) with 'katei'.

テストが明日だと仮定して、勉強してください。

Assume the test is tomorrow and study.

Using an assumption as motivation for an action.

宝くじが当たったと仮定して、旅行の計画を立てる。

Assume I won the lottery and plan a trip.

Past tense 'atatta' used in a hypothetical scenario.

信号が赤だと仮定して、止まってください。

Assume the light is red and stop.

Using a hypothetical for safety training.

彼が犯人だと仮定するのは早いです。

It is too early to assume he is the culprit.

Using 'no wa' to make the verb phrase a subject.

新しい法律が施行されると仮定すると、生活はどう変わりますか？

Assuming a new law is enacted, how will life change?

Standard B1 level societal 'what-if' question.

地球の温度が2度上がると仮定すれば、氷が溶けます。

If we assume the Earth's temperature rises by 2 degrees, the ice will melt.

Using 'ba' conditional for scientific cause and effect.

予算が足りないと仮定して、別の案を考えましょう。

Assuming the budget is insufficient, let's think of another plan.

Problem-solving context using assumptions.

その理論が正しいと仮定しても、問題は残ります。

Even if we assume that theory is correct, problems remain.

Using 'te-mo' (even if) with 'katei suru'.

もし失敗したと仮定した場合、どう責任を取りますか？

In the event that we assume failure, how will you take responsibility?

Using 'baai' (case/event) with the assumption.

人口が減少すると仮定して、将来の計画を立てる必要がある。

We need to plan for the future assuming the population will decrease.

Societal planning context.

この数値が正確であると仮定して話を進めます。

I will proceed with the discussion assuming these figures are accurate.

Setting the stage for a professional presentation.

彼が嘘をついていると仮定するのは不自然です。

It is unnatural to assume that he is lying.

Critiquing the validity of an assumption.

すべての条件が一定であると仮定して、実験を行いました。

We conducted the experiment assuming all conditions were constant.

Academic research context (ceteris paribus).

市場が飽和状態にあると仮定すれば、新規参入は難しい。

If we assume the market is saturated, new entry is difficult.

Business strategy and market analysis.

このデータに誤りがないと仮定した上で、結論を導き出しました。

Based on the assumption that there are no errors in this data, I drew a conclusion.

Using 'ta ue de' (on the condition that/after doing).

仮定の話ですが、もし明日世界が終わるとしたら何をしますか？

This is a hypothetical talk, but if the world were to end tomorrow, what would you do?

Introductory phrase 'katei no hanashi' used to soften a deep question.

最悪のシナリオを仮定して対策を講じるのが、危機管理の基本だ。

Taking measures assuming the worst-case scenario is the basis of crisis management.

Professional tone using 'koujiru' (to take measures).

自由意志が存在しないと仮定すると、倫理はどうなりますか？

Assuming free will does not exist, what happens to ethics?

Philosophical inquiry.

相手が合意すると仮定して、契約書の準備を進めてください。

Please proceed with the preparation of the contract, assuming the other party will agree.

Proactive business action based on a hypothesis.

その主張は、ある特定の前提を仮定しているに過ぎない。

That claim merely assumes a certain specific premise.

Using 'ni suginai' (nothing more than) to critique an assumption.

量子力学の原理をマクロな世界に適用できると仮定してみよう。

Let us assume that the principles of quantum mechanics can be applied to the macroscopic world.

Advanced scientific thought experiment.

歴史に「もしも」はないが、織田信長が生きていたと仮定すれば面白い。

There are no 'ifs' in history, but it is interesting to assume Oda Nobunaga had lived.

Counterfactual historical analysis.

この論文は、消費者が常に合理的であると仮定して論じられている。

This paper is argued on the assumption that consumers are always rational.

Passive form 'ronjirarete iru' in academic writing.

仮定を置くことで、複雑な問題を単純化して考えることが可能になる。

By placing assumptions, it becomes possible to simplify and think about complex problems.

Using 'katei o oku' as a formal phrase for modeling.

彼の理論は、時間と空間が絶対的であると仮定することに基づいている。

His theory is based on assuming that time and space are absolute.

Explaining the foundation of a scientific theory.

もしAIが感情を持つと仮定した場合、法的権利を認めるべきだろうか。

In the event that we assume AI has emotions, should we grant them legal rights?

Ethical and legal hypothetical debate.

デカルトは、すべてを疑い、悪魔が自分を欺いていると仮定した。

Descartes doubted everything and assumed that a demon was deceiving him.

Historical philosophical reference.

この計算は、摩擦がないという理想的な状態を仮定している。

This calculation assumes an ideal state where there is no friction.

Physics context using 'risouteki na joutai' (ideal state).

言語が思考を規定すると仮定するサピア＝ウォーフの仮説を再考する。

Reconsidering the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which assumes that language determines thought.

Linguistic academic discourse.

宇宙が多層構造であると仮定しても、我々の観測範囲には限界がある。

Even if we hypothesize that the universe has a multilayered structure, there are limits to our range of observation.

Astrophysical speculation with concessive clause.

民主主義が最良の統治形態であると仮定すること自体に、批判的な視点が必要だ。

A critical perspective is needed regarding the very assumption that democracy is the best form of government.

Political philosophy and critical theory.

ある種の数学的公理を真だと仮定しなければ、幾何学は成立しない。

Geometry cannot be established unless certain mathematical axioms are assumed to be true.

Foundational logic in mathematics.

情報が瞬時に伝播すると仮定する効率的市場仮説は、現実とは乖離している。

The efficient market hypothesis, which assumes information propagates instantaneously, deviates from reality.

Economic theory critique.

神が存在しないと仮定した上で、道義的責任の根拠をどこに求めるべきか。

Assuming that God does not exist, where should we seek the basis for moral responsibility?

Existentialist philosophical inquiry.

このシミュレーションは、資源が無限であるという非現実的な仮定に基づいている。

This simulation is based on the unrealistic assumption that resources are infinite.

Critiquing a model's validity based on its assumptions.

自己意識が脳の特定の部位に宿ると仮定することの危うさを指摘したい。

I would like to point out the danger of assuming that self-consciousness resides in a specific part of the brain.

Neuroscientific and philosophical critique.

Colocações comuns

仮定を置く

と仮定される

仮定の話

仮定に基づき

もし〜と仮定すれば

不自然な仮定

仮定を立てる

仮定に従う

仮定が崩れる

強い仮定

Frases Comuns

仮定の域を出ない

— To remain within the realm of hypothesis; not yet proven.

その説はまだ仮定の域を出ていない。

仮定の上に立つ

— To be based on an assumption.

この議論は、ある仮定の上に立っている。

〜と仮定して差し支えない

— It is safe to assume that...

彼は同意したと仮定して差し支えないだろう。

仮定を設ける

— To establish an assumption.

シミュレーションのために仮定を設ける。

仮定が正しいならば

— If the assumption is correct.

その仮定が正しいならば、私の負けだ。

一応の仮定として

— As a tentative assumption.

一応の仮定として、彼をリーダーにしよう。

仮定を検証する

— To verify an assumption.

実験を通じて仮定を検証する。

仮定を捨てる

— To discard an assumption.

間違った仮定はすぐに捨てるべきだ。

仮定の質問

— A hypothetical question.

仮定の質問には答えられません。

仮定を導入する

— To introduce an assumption.

モデルに新しい仮定を導入する。

Frequentemente confundido com

仮定する vs 過程 (katei)

Means 'process'. Pronounced the same but written differently.

仮定する vs 家庭 (katei)

Means 'family' or 'household'. Pronounced the same.

仮定する vs 想定 (soutei)

Means 'anticipation' of a scenario. More practical than 'katei'.

Expressões idiomáticas

"仮定の議論"

— A discussion based on 'what-ifs' rather than current reality.

仮定の議論をしても始まらない。

Neutral

"仮定に仮定を重ねる"

— To stack assumption upon assumption, leading to a weak argument.

仮定に仮定を重ねても、真実にはたどり着けない。

Formal

"仮定の産物"

— A product of mere hypothesis; something not real.

この結果は、誤った仮定の産物だ。

Formal

"仮定の枠組み"

— The framework of assumptions within which one thinks.

既存の仮定の枠組みを壊す必要がある。

Academic

"仮定を事実とすり替える"

— To sneakily swap an assumption for a fact in an argument.

彼は仮定を事実とすり替えて話している。

Critical

"仮定のシナリオ"

— A hypothetical scenario, often used for disaster planning.

最悪の仮定のシナリオに備える。

Professional

"仮定に頼る"

— To rely too heavily on assumptions.

データがないので、今は仮定に頼るしかない。

Neutral

"仮定を疑う"

— To doubt or question the starting premise.

まず、その根本的な仮定を疑うべきだ。

Philosophical

"仮定の壁"

— The limitation imposed by one's own assumptions.

仮定の壁を越えて新しいアイデアを出す。

Inspirational

"仮定を前提にする"

— To take an assumption as a given premise.

その計画は、成功という仮定を前提にしている。

Formal

Fácil de confundir

仮定する vs 想定する

Both mean 'to assume'.

Katei is for logical hypothesis (if A then B); Soutei is for anticipating a likely or possible real-world scenario (preparing for an earthquake).

地震を想定する (Prepare for an earthquake) vs 太陽がないと仮定する (Assume there is no sun).

仮定する vs 推定する

Both involve guessing.

Suitei is 'to estimate' based on data or evidence. Katei doesn't need data; it just sets a condition.

人口を推定する (Estimate population) vs 人口がゼロだと仮定する (Assume population is zero).

仮定する vs 推測する

Both involve thinking about possibilities.

Suisoku is an 'inference' or 'conjecture' about what might be true. Katei is 'positing' a condition to see its effects.

動機を推測する (Guess the motive) vs 彼が犯人だと仮定する (Assume he is the culprit for the sake of argument).

仮定する vs 見なす

Both involve treating something as something else.

Minasu is a 'decision' to treat X as Y (legal/official). Katei is a 'temporary thought' that X is Y.

欠席と見なす (Regard as absent) vs 欠席だと仮定する (Assume they are absent).

仮定する vs 憶測する

Both are types of assumptions.

Okusoku is usually 'speculation' or 'wild guessing' without proof, often used negatively. Katei is neutral and logical.

憶測で話す (Speak based on speculation) vs 理論的に仮定する (Hypothesize theoretically).

Padrões de frases

[Noun] だと仮定する

ここが学校だと仮定する。

[Verb Plain Form] と仮定して、[Action]

雨が降ると仮定して、準備する。

もし [Clause] と仮定すれば

もし彼が来ないと仮定すれば、中止だ。

[Clause] と仮定するのは [Adjective] だ

彼が犯人だと仮定するのは早計だ。

最悪の [Noun] を仮定する

最悪の事態を仮定して行動する。

[Clause] と仮定した上で、[Conclusion]

それが正しいと仮定した上で、結論を出す。

[Noun] という仮定を置く

摩擦がないという仮定を置く。

[Clause] と仮定することの妥当性

神が存在すると仮定することの妥当性を問う。

Família de palavras

Substantivos

仮定 (katei) - Hypothesis/Assumption

仮定法 (kateihou) - Subjunctive mood (grammar)

Verbos

仮定する (katei suru) - To hypothesize

Adjetivos

仮定的な (kateiteki na) - Hypothetical

Relacionado

想定 (soutei) - Supposition

推定 (suitei) - Estimation

断定 (dantei) - Conclusion

肯定 (koutei) - Affirmation

否定 (hitei) - Negation

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

frequency

High in academic, news, and professional contexts; moderate in daily life.

Erros comuns

Using 'katei suru' for 'I think'. → 彼が来ないと思います (I think he won't come).
'Katei suru' is too formal for personal opinions. Use 'omou' for thoughts.
Forgetting 'da' before 'to' for nouns. → 成功だと仮定する (Assume it is a success).
Nouns need 'da' to link to the particle 'to' in this structure.
Confusing 'katei' with 'katei' (process). → 製造過程 (Manufacturing process).
Using the wrong kanji in writing is a frequent error.
Using 'katei suru' in casual slang. → もし〜としたら (If it were...).
'Katei suru' sounds like a textbook. Use 'to shitara' with close friends.
Thinking 'katei' means 'pretend'. → 病気のふりをする (Pretend to be sick).
'Katei suru' is logical, 'furi o suru' is deceptive/acting.

Dicas

Use 'To' correctly

Always remember that 'to' acts as a quote marker. Whatever comes before 'to' is the actual content of your hypothesis.

Business Context

In meetings, use 'katei suru' to walk through different options. It shows you are being thorough and considering all possibilities.

Math and Science

This is the standard word for 'Let X be...'. If you are studying in a Japanese university, you will hear this every single day.

Softening Opinions

If you want to disagree with someone gently, frame your counter-argument as a 'katei'. 'If we assume your idea is true, then...'

Kanji Precision

Double-check your kanji. Writing '家庭する' (to family) or '過程する' (to process) instead of '仮定する' is a common and embarrassing mistake.

Heiban Accent

Listen for the flat tone. 'Ka-tei-su-ru' should flow smoothly without a sharp rise or fall in pitch.

Conditional Forms

Practice 'katei sureba' and 'katei shitara'. These are the most useful forms for explaining the results of your assumptions.

Word Families

Learn 'kateiteki' (hypothetical) at the same time. It's a useful adjective for describing scenarios or questions.

Thought Experiments

Japanese people love 'what-if' discussions in TV shows and books. 'Katei suru' is the key to entering these conversations.

Risk Management

Use it to plan for the future. 'Worst case o katei suru' (Assume the worst case) is a very common professional mindset.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine a 'Temporary' (Ka) 'Decision' (Tei) you 'Do' (Suru). It's not the final answer, just a 'Katei'.

Associação visual

Imagine a scientist drawing a dotted line (the hypothesis) on a graph before plotting the real data points.

Word Web

Logic Math Science If-then What-if Hypothesis Assumption Supposition

Desafio

Try to use 'katei suru' to describe what you would do if you won a free flight to Japan tomorrow.

Origem da palavra

Composed of Chinese characters (Kanji). 'Ka' (仮) means temporary, provisional, or false. 'Tei' (定) means to fix, decide, or establish.

Significado original: To provisionally establish a condition.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

Contexto cultural

Be careful not to sound too cold or robotic by using this word in emotional or highly personal situations.

In English, we use 'assume' and 'suppose' interchangeably, but 'katei suru' is strictly for the logical/hypothetical act.

Schrödinger's Cat (frequently discussed using 'katei suru' in Japanese physics books) Descartes' 'Cogito, ergo sum' (often framed with assumptions in Japanese philosophy) Detective Conan (Shinichi Kudo often uses 'katei' when solving cases)

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Mathematics Class

Xを整数と仮定する
三角形ABCが正三角形であると仮定する
背理法を用いて仮定を否定する
仮定より、A=Bである

Business Strategy Meeting

最悪のケースを仮定する
売上が倍増すると仮定して計画を立てる
競合他社が参入しないと仮定するのは危険だ
仮定のシナリオをいくつか用意する

Scientific Research

実験の前提として〜を仮定する
仮定を検証するための実験を行う
既存の仮定を覆す発見
理想的な環境を仮定する

Detective Mystery

被害者が10時に生きていたと仮定すると...
犯人が窓から逃げたと仮定してみよう
その仮定には矛盾がある
すべての可能性を仮定して調べる

Casual Discussion

仮定の話だけど聞いてくれる？
もし、僕たちが結婚すると仮定したら...
仮定の話をしても意味がないよ
一応、そうだと仮定しておこう

Iniciadores de conversa

"もし、あなたが日本の首相だと仮定したら、最初に何をしますか？"

"宝くじで十億円当たったと仮定して、最高の人生を計画してみましょう。"

"もし、明日からインターネットが使えなくなると仮定すると、あなたの生活はどうなりますか？"

"人間が空を飛べると仮定して、どんなスポーツが流行ると思いますか？"

"もし、過去に戻れると仮定したら、どの時代に行きたいですか？"

Temas para diário

「自分がAIである」と仮定して、一日の日記を書いてみてください。

「お金がこの世から消えた」と仮定して、社会がどう変わるか考察してください。

「明日世界が終わる」と仮定して、最後に食べたいものと会いたい人を書いてください。

「動物と話せる」と仮定して、飼い犬や飼い猫に何を聞きたいか書いてください。

「自分が歴史上の人物である」と仮定して、その人物の苦悩を想像して書いてください。

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Yes, but it sounds a bit formal. In casual talk, people usually say '...to shitara' (if it were the case) or '...to shiyou' (let's say). For example, instead of 'Ame da to katei shimasu,' a friend would say 'Ame da to shiyou'.

Use 'katei' for logical 'if' scenarios, especially in math or theory. Use 'soutei' for practical 'anticipation' of real events, like business risks or natural disasters. 'Souteigai' (beyond expectations) is a common phrase using 'soutei'.

Yes, but you must use the particle 'da' or 'dearu' before 'to'. For example: 'Seikou da to katei suru' (Assume it is a success). You can also use 'o' for noun objects: 'Saiaku no jitai o katei suru'.

Not always, but it is the most common pattern for clauses. If you are assuming a specific noun object, you use 'o'. If you are setting a condition, 'to' is the standard bridge.

No, a 'theory' is 'riron'. A 'hypothesis' or 'assumption' is 'katei'. A theory is often built upon several 'katei' (assumptions).

You can say 'Katei no hanashi desu ga...' (This is a hypothetical talk, but...) or 'Kateiteki ni ieba...' (Hypothetically speaking...).

'Kateihou' refers to the subjunctive mood, used to express wishes, possibilities, or things that are contrary to fact, similar to 'If I were you...' in English.

Not really. 'Pretend' is 'furi o suru'. 'Katei suru' is for logical assumption, not acting out a false reality for fun.

Extremely common. 'Katei' (家庭 - family) and 'Katei' (過程 - process) are used every day. Context and Kanji are vital for distinguishing them.

It is neutral-formal. It is perfectly fine to use with teachers, bosses, or in writing. It is not 'honorific' (keigo), but it is 'polite' (teineigo) when used as 'katei shimasu'.

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