仮定する در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Katei suru means to hypothesize or assume a condition for logical reasoning.
- It is a formal Suru-verb used frequently in academic, scientific, and business contexts.
- The grammar pattern is usually '[Clause] + to katei suru' to mark the assumption.
- It differs from 'omou' (think) by being a deliberate, structured logical tool.
The Japanese verb 仮定する (katei suru) is a cornerstone of logical discourse, scientific inquiry, and hypothetical reasoning. At its core, it translates to "to hypothesize," "to assume," or "to suppose." It is a compound verb formed by the noun 仮定 (katei), meaning "hypothesis" or "assumption," and the auxiliary verb する (suru), meaning "to do." This word is essential for anyone moving beyond basic Japanese into the realms of abstract thought and professional communication. Unlike simple thinking or believing, katei suru implies a deliberate setting of parameters to explore a potential outcome.
- Logical Framework
- In a logical context, this word is used to establish the 'if' part of an 'if-then' statement. It provides a foundation upon which a theory or prediction can be built, regardless of whether the premise is currently true or false.
太陽が西から昇ると仮定するのは、非現実的ですが、物理学の思考実験では重要です。
Assuming that the sun rises in the west is unrealistic, but it is important in physics thought experiments.
In everyday conversation, you might use this word when discussing plans or scenarios that haven't happened yet. For example, if you are planning a trip, you might say, "Let's assume the weather will be bad and plan indoor activities." This usage bridges the gap between formal science and practical life planning. It signals to the listener that you are entering a space of imagination and logical deduction rather than stating a known fact.
- Scientific Context
- Scientists use this verb when formulating a hypothesis before conducting experiments. It is a formal way to say 'Let us posit that...' which sets a professional and rigorous tone for the subsequent data analysis.
薬の成分が血流に即座に入ると仮定して計算を行いましょう。
Let's perform the calculation assuming the drug components enter the bloodstream immediately.
Furthermore, the word is frequently encountered in mathematics and economics. When a professor says "Let X be a prime number," they are essentially saying "X is a prime number, let's assume that." This structural function makes it indispensable for academic success in Japan. It is not just about 'thinking'; it is about 'setting a condition' for the sake of an argument.
- Business Strategy
- In business meetings, leaders use this word to perform risk assessments. By assuming a worst-case scenario, they can prepare contingency plans. It shows a high level of preparedness and analytical thinking.
来期の売上が10%減少すると仮定して、予算を組み直してください。
Please restructure the budget assuming that sales for the next period will decrease by 10%.
Understanding katei suru also involves understanding its social weight. In Japanese culture, where directness can sometimes be avoided, using a hypothetical framework can be a polite way to suggest a possibility without being too assertive. It allows for a 'safe space' where ideas can be explored without immediate commitment to their truth.
Mastering the usage of 仮定する (katei suru) requires understanding its grammatical placement and the particles that accompany it. Most commonly, it follows a clause ending in a plain form verb or an adjective, followed by the particle と (to). This structure creates a 'supposing that...' or 'assuming that...' meaning that is vital for complex Japanese sentences.
- The 'To' Particle Pattern
- [Clause] + と仮定する. This is the standard way to express the content of your hypothesis. For example, 'A equals B' (AはBである) becomes 'Assuming A equals B' (AはBであると仮定する).
もし私が社長だと仮定して、どんな改革が必要か考えてみましょう。
Assuming I were the president, let's think about what reforms would be necessary.
Another common pattern involves using the noun form 仮定 (katei) as the object of the verb 置く (oku - to place), as in 仮定を置く (katei o oku). This literally means "to place an assumption" and is used in highly formal research papers or mathematical proofs to define the starting conditions of an argument.
- Conditional Forms
- You will often see 'katei suru' in its conditional forms like 'katei sureba' (if we assume) or 'katei shitara' (if we were to assume). These are used to introduce the consequences of the assumption.
この理論が正しいと仮定すれば、宇宙の起源が説明できます。
If we assume this theory is correct, we can explain the origin of the universe.
In debate or philosophy, you might hear the phrase 仮定の話 (katei no hanashi), which means "hypothetical talk" or "a hypothetical scenario." This is used to remind participants that the current discussion is not based on proven facts but on a set of 'what-ifs'.
- The 'O' Particle Pattern
- Sometimes 'katei suru' takes a direct object with 'o' (を) when the assumption itself is a noun phrase, though 'to' is more frequent for clauses.
最悪の事態を仮定して、避難訓練を行いましょう。
Let's conduct an evacuation drill assuming the worst-case scenario.
When writing, especially in academic contexts, using the passive form 仮定される (katei sareru) is quite common. It shifts the focus from the person making the assumption to the assumption itself. "It is assumed that..." (〜と仮定される) is a standard way to present a premise in a research paper.
While 仮定する (katei suru) might seem like a word reserved for textbooks, it is surprisingly common in various real-world scenarios. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word when it appears in media or professional environments.
- News and Media
- News anchors often use this word when reporting on potential government policies or economic forecasts. They might say, "Assuming the bill passes, the tax rate will increase." This usage clarifies that the tax increase is conditional.
政府は、感染症が再拡大すると仮定して、新しい対策案を練っています。
The government is developing a new plan, assuming that the infectious disease will spread again.
In the classroom, especially from middle school onwards, students hear this word constantly in math and science classes. It is the language of geometry proofs and physics problems. A teacher might start a problem by saying, "Assume this triangle is equilateral." This cements the word as a tool for logical progression in the minds of Japanese students.
- Legal and Formal Settings
- In a court of law or during legal negotiations, lawyers use 'katei suru' to explore different interpretations of a contract or a law. They use it to test the boundaries of a legal argument.
被告人がその場にいなかったと仮定すると、この証言は矛盾します。
Assuming the defendant was not there, this testimony becomes contradictory.
In modern tech and software development, 'katei suru' is used during the design phase. Developers assume certain user behaviors or system loads to build robust applications. You'll hear this during sprint planning or system architecture reviews. It is the language of 'use cases' and 'edge cases'.
- Everyday Speculation
- Even in casual settings, friends might use it when playing games or discussing 'what-if' life scenarios. "Assuming you won the lottery, what would you buy?" This makes the conversation more structured and engaging.
宝くじで一億円当たったと仮定して、世界一周旅行の計画を立てよう！
Let's assume you won 100 million yen in the lottery and plan a trip around the world!
Finally, in literature and philosophy books, this word is a key element of the author's narrative or argumentative structure. It invites the reader to step into a different reality. By mastering this word, you unlock the ability to participate in high-level intellectual discussions in Japanese.
While 仮定する (katei suru) is a powerful word, English speakers and Japanese learners often make several common errors. Understanding these pitfalls will help you use the word more naturally and accurately.
- Overusing it for 'Think'
- A common mistake is using 'katei suru' when you simply mean 'I think' (omou). 'Katei suru' is for setting a formal hypothesis. If you just suspect something is true based on evidence, 'suisoku suru' (to guess/infer) or 'omou' is better.
❌ 彼はもう帰ったと仮定します。
Incorrect: I assume (hypothesize) he already went home. (Sounds too robotic/scientific)
Another error involves the particle choice. Many learners forget to use と (to) or try to use が (ga) or を (o) incorrectly when introducing a conditional clause. Remember that 'to' acts like a quotation mark for the thought or assumption being made.
- Confusing with 'Soutei suru'
- 'Soutei suru' (想定する) also means 'to assume,' but it is more about 'anticipating' a scenario for planning purposes. 'Katei suru' is more about 'positing' a condition for logical reasoning. The difference is subtle but important in professional contexts.
地震が起きることを想定して準備する。
Prepare assuming (anticipating) an earthquake will occur.
Learners also struggle with the politeness levels. Because 'katei suru' is inherently a bit formal, using it in very casual slang-filled conversations might sound out of place or even sarcastic. In casual settings, people usually use 'moshi...' (if...) or '...to shitara' (if it were the case that...).
- Register Mismatch
- Using 'katei suru' with friends might make you sound like a professor or a robot. Use 'to shitara' (としたら) instead for a more natural 'what-if' vibe.
明日雨だとしたら、どうする？
If it rains tomorrow, what will you do? (More natural than using 'katei suru')
Lastly, don't confuse 仮定 (katei) with 過程 (katei). They are homophones (pronounced the same) but have completely different meanings. 過程 (process) refers to a series of actions, while 仮定 (hypothesis) refers to an assumption. Always check the kanji in writing!
To truly master 仮定する (katei suru), it is helpful to compare it with other Japanese words that deal with 'if', 'suppose', and 'assume'. Each has its own nuance and register.
- 想定する (Soutei suru)
- This is very close to 'katei suru' but focuses on 'envisioning' or 'anticipating' a specific scenario, usually for practical planning or risk management. It's common in engineering and business.
- 推測する (Suisoku suru)
- This means 'to infer' or 'to guess'. Unlike 'katei suru', which sets a condition regardless of proof, 'suisoku suru' uses existing clues to reach a likely conclusion.
- 見なす (Minasu)
- Meaning 'to regard as' or 'to consider as'. It is used when you treat one thing as if it were another for legal or practical purposes. 'We regard this as a success.'
この結果を成功と見なすことができます。
We can regard this result as a success.
In more casual contexts, you will encounter grammars that perform the same function as 'katei suru' without the heavy vocabulary. The most common is 〜としたら (to shitara) or 〜とする (to suru). These are the workhorses of hypothetical Japanese.
- 〜とする (to suru)
- A more flexible and common way to say 'let's assume'. It is used in everything from math to casual chat. 'Let's say it's true' (Hontou da to shiyou).
もし、明日が休みだとしましょう。どこへ行きたいですか？
Suppose tomorrow is a holiday. Where would you like to go?
Finally, consider 前提とする (zentei to suru). This means 'to take as a premise' or 'to presuppose'. It is used when an assumption is so fundamental to the argument that the whole thing collapses without it. While 'katei suru' is a temporary setup, 'zentei to suru' is the foundation.
- Summary Table
- 仮定する: Logical hypothesis.
- 想定する: Anticipated scenario.
- 前提とする: Fundamental premise.
- 推測する: Educated guess based on clues.
By choosing the right word from this list, you can communicate with precision and nuance, showing that you understand the subtle differences in how Japanese speakers approach logic and planning.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character 'Ka' (仮) is also used in 'Kamen' (mask), implying something that is not the 'true' or 'final' face. This perfectly fits the meaning of a 'temporary' assumption.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'tei' as two separate sounds instead of one long vowel.
- Over-emphasizing the 'r' in 'suru' (it should be a light tap).
- Confusing the pitch with 'katei' (process), though they are often both Heiban.
- Pronouncing 'ka' with too much aspiration.
- Missing the long vowel in 'tei'.
سطح دشواری
The kanji are common but the concept is abstract.
Requires correct use of the 'to' particle and clause structure.
Easy to conjugate, but hard to use naturally without sounding overly formal.
Must distinguish from 'katei' (process).
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
The 'To' Particle for Quotation/Content
彼は「行く」と言った / 彼は行くと仮定した。
Suru-verb Conjugation
仮定する、仮定しない、仮定した、仮定すれば。
Conditional ~Tara
仮定したら、結果が変わるだろう。
Conditional ~Ba
Aだと仮定すれば、Bが導き出される。
Noun + だと仮定する
それが真実だと仮定する。
مثالها بر اساس سطح
もし、明日が休みだと仮定します。
Suppose tomorrow is a holiday.
A1 students can understand this as 'Let's say tomorrow is a day off.'
これをリンゴだと仮定してください。
Please assume this is an apple.
Simple imperative form using 'kudasai'.
1たす1は3だと仮定しましょう。
Let's assume 1 plus 1 is 3.
Using 'mashou' for 'let's'.
あなたが先生だと仮定します。
I assume you are the teacher.
Identifying a role for a hypothetical scenario.
ここが家だと仮定して遊びましょう。
Let's play assuming this is a house.
Using 'te-form' to connect the assumption to an action.
お金がたくさんあると仮定します。
Assume there is a lot of money.
Basic 'to katei shimasu' structure.
車があると仮定しましょう。
Let's assume we have a car.
Using 'aru' (to have/exist) in the assumption.
私が猫だと仮定してください。
Please assume that I am a cat.
Fun, simple hypothetical for roleplay.
雨が降ると仮定して、傘を持って行きます。
Assuming it will rain, I will take an umbrella.
Connecting a hypothesis to a logical preparation.
彼が来ないと仮定して、会議を始めましょう。
Assuming he won't come, let's start the meeting.
Negative form 'konai' inside the 'to' clause.
この話が本当だと仮定したら、どうしますか？
If we assumed this story was true, what would you do?
Using the 'tara' conditional form of 'katei suru'.
答えが間違っていると仮定してみましょう。
Let's try assuming the answer is wrong.
Using 'te-miru' (try doing) with 'katei'.
テストが明日だと仮定して、勉強してください。
Assume the test is tomorrow and study.
Using an assumption as motivation for an action.
宝くじが当たったと仮定して、旅行の計画を立てる。
Assume I won the lottery and plan a trip.
Past tense 'atatta' used in a hypothetical scenario.
信号が赤だと仮定して、止まってください。
Assume the light is red and stop.
Using a hypothetical for safety training.
彼が犯人だと仮定するのは早いです。
It is too early to assume he is the culprit.
Using 'no wa' to make the verb phrase a subject.
新しい法律が施行されると仮定すると、生活はどう変わりますか？
Assuming a new law is enacted, how will life change?
Standard B1 level societal 'what-if' question.
地球の温度が2度上がると仮定すれば、氷が溶けます。
If we assume the Earth's temperature rises by 2 degrees, the ice will melt.
Using 'ba' conditional for scientific cause and effect.
予算が足りないと仮定して、別の案を考えましょう。
Assuming the budget is insufficient, let's think of another plan.
Problem-solving context using assumptions.
その理論が正しいと仮定しても、問題は残ります。
Even if we assume that theory is correct, problems remain.
Using 'te-mo' (even if) with 'katei suru'.
もし失敗したと仮定した場合、どう責任を取りますか？
In the event that we assume failure, how will you take responsibility?
Using 'baai' (case/event) with the assumption.
人口が減少すると仮定して、将来の計画を立てる必要がある。
We need to plan for the future assuming the population will decrease.
Societal planning context.
この数値が正確であると仮定して話を進めます。
I will proceed with the discussion assuming these figures are accurate.
Setting the stage for a professional presentation.
彼が嘘をついていると仮定するのは不自然です。
It is unnatural to assume that he is lying.
Critiquing the validity of an assumption.
すべての条件が一定であると仮定して、実験を行いました。
We conducted the experiment assuming all conditions were constant.
Academic research context (ceteris paribus).
市場が飽和状態にあると仮定すれば、新規参入は難しい。
If we assume the market is saturated, new entry is difficult.
Business strategy and market analysis.
このデータに誤りがないと仮定した上で、結論を導き出しました。
Based on the assumption that there are no errors in this data, I drew a conclusion.
Using 'ta ue de' (on the condition that/after doing).
仮定の話ですが、もし明日世界が終わるとしたら何をしますか？
This is a hypothetical talk, but if the world were to end tomorrow, what would you do?
Introductory phrase 'katei no hanashi' used to soften a deep question.
最悪のシナリオを仮定して対策を講じるのが、危機管理の基本だ。
Taking measures assuming the worst-case scenario is the basis of crisis management.
Professional tone using 'koujiru' (to take measures).
自由意志が存在しないと仮定すると、倫理はどうなりますか？
Assuming free will does not exist, what happens to ethics?
Philosophical inquiry.
相手が合意すると仮定して、契約書の準備を進めてください。
Please proceed with the preparation of the contract, assuming the other party will agree.
Proactive business action based on a hypothesis.
その主張は、ある特定の前提を仮定しているに過ぎない。
That claim merely assumes a certain specific premise.
Using 'ni suginai' (nothing more than) to critique an assumption.
量子力学の原理をマクロな世界に適用できると仮定してみよう。
Let us assume that the principles of quantum mechanics can be applied to the macroscopic world.
Advanced scientific thought experiment.
歴史に「もしも」はないが、織田信長が生きていたと仮定すれば面白い。
There are no 'ifs' in history, but it is interesting to assume Oda Nobunaga had lived.
Counterfactual historical analysis.
この論文は、消費者が常に合理的であると仮定して論じられている。
This paper is argued on the assumption that consumers are always rational.
Passive form 'ronjirarete iru' in academic writing.
仮定を置くことで、複雑な問題を単純化して考えることが可能になる。
By placing assumptions, it becomes possible to simplify and think about complex problems.
Using 'katei o oku' as a formal phrase for modeling.
彼の理論は、時間と空間が絶対的であると仮定することに基づいている。
His theory is based on assuming that time and space are absolute.
Explaining the foundation of a scientific theory.
もしAIが感情を持つと仮定した場合、法的権利を認めるべきだろうか。
In the event that we assume AI has emotions, should we grant them legal rights?
Ethical and legal hypothetical debate.
デカルトは、すべてを疑い、悪魔が自分を欺いていると仮定した。
Descartes doubted everything and assumed that a demon was deceiving him.
Historical philosophical reference.
この計算は、摩擦がないという理想的な状態を仮定している。
This calculation assumes an ideal state where there is no friction.
Physics context using 'risouteki na joutai' (ideal state).
言語が思考を規定すると仮定するサピア＝ウォーフの仮説を再考する。
Reconsidering the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which assumes that language determines thought.
Linguistic academic discourse.
宇宙が多層構造であると仮定しても、我々の観測範囲には限界がある。
Even if we hypothesize that the universe has a multilayered structure, there are limits to our range of observation.
Astrophysical speculation with concessive clause.
民主主義が最良の統治形態であると仮定すること自体に、批判的な視点が必要だ。
A critical perspective is needed regarding the very assumption that democracy is the best form of government.
Political philosophy and critical theory.
ある種の数学的公理を真だと仮定しなければ、幾何学は成立しない。
Geometry cannot be established unless certain mathematical axioms are assumed to be true.
Foundational logic in mathematics.
情報が瞬時に伝播すると仮定する効率的市場仮説は、現実とは乖離している。
The efficient market hypothesis, which assumes information propagates instantaneously, deviates from reality.
Economic theory critique.
神が存在しないと仮定した上で、道義的責任の根拠をどこに求めるべきか。
Assuming that God does not exist, where should we seek the basis for moral responsibility?
Existentialist philosophical inquiry.
このシミュレーションは、資源が無限であるという非現実的な仮定に基づいている。
This simulation is based on the unrealistic assumption that resources are infinite.
Critiquing a model's validity based on its assumptions.
自己意識が脳の特定の部位に宿ると仮定することの危うさを指摘したい。
I would like to point out the danger of assuming that self-consciousness resides in a specific part of the brain.
Neuroscientific and philosophical critique.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To remain within the realm of hypothesis; not yet proven.
その説はまだ仮定の域を出ていない。
— To be based on an assumption.
この議論は、ある仮定の上に立っている。
— It is safe to assume that...
彼は同意したと仮定して差し支えないだろう。
— To establish an assumption.
シミュレーションのために仮定を設ける。
— If the assumption is correct.
その仮定が正しいならば、私の負けだ。
— As a tentative assumption.
一応の仮定として、彼をリーダーにしよう。
— To verify an assumption.
実験を通じて仮定を検証する。
— To discard an assumption.
間違った仮定はすぐに捨てるべきだ。
— A hypothetical question.
仮定の質問には答えられません。
— To introduce an assumption.
モデルに新しい仮定を導入する。
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Means 'process'. Pronounced the same but written differently.
Means 'family' or 'household'. Pronounced the same.
Means 'anticipation' of a scenario. More practical than 'katei'.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— A discussion based on 'what-ifs' rather than current reality.
仮定の議論をしても始まらない。
Neutral— To stack assumption upon assumption, leading to a weak argument.
仮定に仮定を重ねても、真実にはたどり着けない。
Formal— A product of mere hypothesis; something not real.
この結果は、誤った仮定の産物だ。
Formal— The framework of assumptions within which one thinks.
既存の仮定の枠組みを壊す必要がある。
Academic— To sneakily swap an assumption for a fact in an argument.
彼は仮定を事実とすり替えて話している。
Critical— A hypothetical scenario, often used for disaster planning.
最悪の仮定のシナリオに備える。
Professional— To rely too heavily on assumptions.
データがないので、今は仮定に頼るしかない。
Neutral— To doubt or question the starting premise.
まず、その根本的な仮定を疑うべきだ。
Philosophical— The limitation imposed by one's own assumptions.
仮定の壁を越えて新しいアイデアを出す。
Inspirational— To take an assumption as a given premise.
その計画は、成功という仮定を前提にしている。
Formalبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both mean 'to assume'.
Katei is for logical hypothesis (if A then B); Soutei is for anticipating a likely or possible real-world scenario (preparing for an earthquake).
地震を想定する (Prepare for an earthquake) vs 太陽がないと仮定する (Assume there is no sun).
Both involve guessing.
Suitei is 'to estimate' based on data or evidence. Katei doesn't need data; it just sets a condition.
人口を推定する (Estimate population) vs 人口がゼロだと仮定する (Assume population is zero).
Both involve thinking about possibilities.
Suisoku is an 'inference' or 'conjecture' about what might be true. Katei is 'positing' a condition to see its effects.
動機を推測する (Guess the motive) vs 彼が犯人だと仮定する (Assume he is the culprit for the sake of argument).
Both involve treating something as something else.
Minasu is a 'decision' to treat X as Y (legal/official). Katei is a 'temporary thought' that X is Y.
欠席と見なす (Regard as absent) vs 欠席だと仮定する (Assume they are absent).
Both are types of assumptions.
Okusoku is usually 'speculation' or 'wild guessing' without proof, often used negatively. Katei is neutral and logical.
憶測で話す (Speak based on speculation) vs 理論的に仮定する (Hypothesize theoretically).
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Noun] だと仮定する
ここが学校だと仮定する。
[Verb Plain Form] と仮定して、[Action]
雨が降ると仮定して、準備する。
もし [Clause] と仮定すれば
もし彼が来ないと仮定すれば、中止だ。
[Clause] と仮定するのは [Adjective] だ
彼が犯人だと仮定するのは早計だ。
最悪の [Noun] を仮定する
最悪の事態を仮定して行動する。
[Clause] と仮定した上で、[Conclusion]
それが正しいと仮定した上で、結論を出す。
[Noun] という仮定を置く
摩擦がないという仮定を置く。
[Clause] と仮定することの妥当性
神が存在すると仮定することの妥当性を問う。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
High in academic, news, and professional contexts; moderate in daily life.
-
Using 'katei suru' for 'I think'.
→
彼が来ないと思います (I think he won't come).
'Katei suru' is too formal for personal opinions. Use 'omou' for thoughts.
-
Forgetting 'da' before 'to' for nouns.
→
成功だと仮定する (Assume it is a success).
Nouns need 'da' to link to the particle 'to' in this structure.
-
Confusing 'katei' with 'katei' (process).
→
製造過程 (Manufacturing process).
Using the wrong kanji in writing is a frequent error.
-
Using 'katei suru' in casual slang.
→
もし〜としたら (If it were...).
'Katei suru' sounds like a textbook. Use 'to shitara' with close friends.
-
Thinking 'katei' means 'pretend'.
→
病気のふりをする (Pretend to be sick).
'Katei suru' is logical, 'furi o suru' is deceptive/acting.
نکات
Use 'To' correctly
Always remember that 'to' acts as a quote marker. Whatever comes before 'to' is the actual content of your hypothesis.
Business Context
In meetings, use 'katei suru' to walk through different options. It shows you are being thorough and considering all possibilities.
Math and Science
This is the standard word for 'Let X be...'. If you are studying in a Japanese university, you will hear this every single day.
Softening Opinions
If you want to disagree with someone gently, frame your counter-argument as a 'katei'. 'If we assume your idea is true, then...'
Kanji Precision
Double-check your kanji. Writing '家庭する' (to family) or '過程する' (to process) instead of '仮定する' is a common and embarrassing mistake.
Heiban Accent
Listen for the flat tone. 'Ka-tei-su-ru' should flow smoothly without a sharp rise or fall in pitch.
Conditional Forms
Practice 'katei sureba' and 'katei shitara'. These are the most useful forms for explaining the results of your assumptions.
Word Families
Learn 'kateiteki' (hypothetical) at the same time. It's a useful adjective for describing scenarios or questions.
Thought Experiments
Japanese people love 'what-if' discussions in TV shows and books. 'Katei suru' is the key to entering these conversations.
Risk Management
Use it to plan for the future. 'Worst case o katei suru' (Assume the worst case) is a very common professional mindset.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a 'Temporary' (Ka) 'Decision' (Tei) you 'Do' (Suru). It's not the final answer, just a 'Katei'.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a scientist drawing a dotted line (the hypothesis) on a graph before plotting the real data points.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use 'katei suru' to describe what you would do if you won a free flight to Japan tomorrow.
ریشه کلمه
Composed of Chinese characters (Kanji). 'Ka' (仮) means temporary, provisional, or false. 'Tei' (定) means to fix, decide, or establish.
معنای اصلی: To provisionally establish a condition.
Sino-Japanese (Kango).بافت فرهنگی
Be careful not to sound too cold or robotic by using this word in emotional or highly personal situations.
In English, we use 'assume' and 'suppose' interchangeably, but 'katei suru' is strictly for the logical/hypothetical act.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Mathematics Class
- Xを整数と仮定する
- 三角形ABCが正三角形であると仮定する
- 背理法を用いて仮定を否定する
- 仮定より、A=Bである
Business Strategy Meeting
- 最悪のケースを仮定する
- 売上が倍増すると仮定して計画を立てる
- 競合他社が参入しないと仮定するのは危険だ
- 仮定のシナリオをいくつか用意する
Scientific Research
- 実験の前提として〜を仮定する
- 仮定を検証するための実験を行う
- 既存の仮定を覆す発見
- 理想的な環境を仮定する
Detective Mystery
- 被害者が10時に生きていたと仮定すると...
- 犯人が窓から逃げたと仮定してみよう
- その仮定には矛盾がある
- すべての可能性を仮定して調べる
Casual Discussion
- 仮定の話だけど聞いてくれる？
- もし、僕たちが結婚すると仮定したら...
- 仮定の話をしても意味がないよ
- 一応、そうだと仮定しておこう
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"もし、あなたが日本の首相だと仮定したら、最初に何をしますか？"
"宝くじで十億円当たったと仮定して、最高の人生を計画してみましょう。"
"もし、明日からインターネットが使えなくなると仮定すると、あなたの生活はどうなりますか？"
"人間が空を飛べると仮定して、どんなスポーツが流行ると思いますか？"
"もし、過去に戻れると仮定したら、どの時代に行きたいですか？"
موضوعات نگارش
「自分がAIである」と仮定して、一日の日記を書いてみてください。
「お金がこの世から消えた」と仮定して、社会がどう変わるか考察してください。
「明日世界が終わる」と仮定して、最後に食べたいものと会いたい人を書いてください。
「動物と話せる」と仮定して、飼い犬や飼い猫に何を聞きたいか書いてください。
「自分が歴史上の人物である」と仮定して、その人物の苦悩を想像して書いてください。
سوالات متداول
10 سوالYes, but it sounds a bit formal. In casual talk, people usually say '...to shitara' (if it were the case) or '...to shiyou' (let's say). For example, instead of 'Ame da to katei shimasu,' a friend would say 'Ame da to shiyou'.
Use 'katei' for logical 'if' scenarios, especially in math or theory. Use 'soutei' for practical 'anticipation' of real events, like business risks or natural disasters. 'Souteigai' (beyond expectations) is a common phrase using 'soutei'.
Yes, but you must use the particle 'da' or 'dearu' before 'to'. For example: 'Seikou da to katei suru' (Assume it is a success). You can also use 'o' for noun objects: 'Saiaku no jitai o katei suru'.
Not always, but it is the most common pattern for clauses. If you are assuming a specific noun object, you use 'o'. If you are setting a condition, 'to' is the standard bridge.
No, a 'theory' is 'riron'. A 'hypothesis' or 'assumption' is 'katei'. A theory is often built upon several 'katei' (assumptions).
You can say 'Katei no hanashi desu ga...' (This is a hypothetical talk, but...) or 'Kateiteki ni ieba...' (Hypothetically speaking...).
'Kateihou' refers to the subjunctive mood, used to express wishes, possibilities, or things that are contrary to fact, similar to 'If I were you...' in English.
Not really. 'Pretend' is 'furi o suru'. 'Katei suru' is for logical assumption, not acting out a false reality for fun.
Extremely common. 'Katei' (家庭 - family) and 'Katei' (過程 - process) are used every day. Context and Kanji are vital for distinguishing them.
It is neutral-formal. It is perfectly fine to use with teachers, bosses, or in writing. It is not 'honorific' (keigo), but it is 'polite' (teineigo) when used as 'katei shimasu'.
خودت رو بسنج 200 سوال
Write a sentence assuming tomorrow is a holiday.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write a sentence assuming you are the president.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Let's assume the answer is 10.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Assuming it rains, I will stay home.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'This is a hypothetical talk.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'If we assume this theory is correct...'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Let's assume the worst case.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Assuming he is the culprit, what is the motive?'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'I placed an assumption.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Assuming you have no money, what would you do?'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'It is assumed that the data is accurate.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Let's assume there is no friction.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'I want to verify the hypothesis.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Assuming we win, we get a prize.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'It's a strong assumption.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Assuming AI has emotions...'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Let's assume we are in Japan.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Don't make wild assumptions.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Based on this assumption...'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write: 'Assuming the world ends tomorrow...'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Pronounce '仮定する' correctly.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Let's assume' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Ask 'If we assume it's true, what will happen?'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'This is a hypothetical talk.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Assume the worst case.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain a simple math assumption: 'Assume X is 5.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Ask 'What if you won the lottery?' using 'katei'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'It is assumed that he is correct.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Let's assume there is no problem.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I will proceed based on this assumption.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Ask 'Is that a natural assumption?'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Assuming he is late, let's start.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I have a hypothesis.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Don't rely on assumptions.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Assuming you are me...'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Let's assume we have infinite time.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The assumption was wrong.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'It's safe to assume so.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Let's test the hypothesis.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Assuming we are wrong...'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen to the sentence: '明日が雨だと仮定して準備します。' When is the rain supposed to happen?
Listen: 'これはあくまで仮定の話です。' Is the speaker talking about a real event?
Listen: '彼が犯人だと仮定するのは早いです。' Is the speaker ready to blame him?
Listen: '予算が足りないと仮定しましょう。' What is the problem being assumed?
Listen: '仮定を置くことで、計算が楽になります。' Why place an assumption?
Listen: 'この理論が正しいと仮定すれば、答えは明らかだ。' What is the result of the assumption?
Listen: '最悪の事態を仮定して行動してください。' What should guide the action?
Listen: '仮定の話には答えられません。' Will the speaker answer the question?
Listen: 'データが正確だと仮定されます。' Is the speaker 100% sure the data is right?
Listen: 'もし失敗したと仮定した場合、どうしますか？' What is the 'if' scenario?
Listen: '仮定に基づいた議論をしましょう。' What kind of discussion is suggested?
Listen: '摩擦がないと仮定して計算してください。' What should be ignored in the calculation?
Listen: 'それは不自然な仮定だ。' Does the speaker like the assumption?
Listen: '仮定を検証しましょう。' What is the next step?
Listen: '彼が王様だと仮定しましょう。' Who is the king in this scenario?
/ 200 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
仮定する (katei suru) is your go-to verb for setting up 'what-if' scenarios in a professional or academic way. For example: 'A=Bだと仮定する' (Assume A=B). Use it whenever you need to build a logical argument on a specific premise.
- Katei suru means to hypothesize or assume a condition for logical reasoning.
- It is a formal Suru-verb used frequently in academic, scientific, and business contexts.
- The grammar pattern is usually '[Clause] + to katei suru' to mark the assumption.
- It differs from 'omou' (think) by being a deliberate, structured logical tool.
Use 'To' correctly
Always remember that 'to' acts as a quote marker. Whatever comes before 'to' is the actual content of your hypothesis.
Business Context
In meetings, use 'katei suru' to walk through different options. It shows you are being thorough and considering all possibilities.
Math and Science
This is the standard word for 'Let X be...'. If you are studying in a Japanese university, you will hear this every single day.
Softening Opinions
If you want to disagree with someone gently, frame your counter-argument as a 'katei'. 'If we assume your idea is true, then...'
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
واژههای بیشتر academic
絶対的
B2مطلق؛ چیزی که به هیچ وجه محدود یا مشروط نیست. قدرت مطلق.
絶対的に
B1به طور مطلق یا بدون قید و شرط. 'این کاملاً درست است.'
抽象的だ
B1Abstract; existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
抽象
B2موجود در تفکر یا به عنوان یک ایده، اما بدون وجود فیزیکی یا ملموس. به تعمیم یا استخراج جوهر چیزی، دور از جزئیات خاص، اشاره دارد. (هنر انتزاعی یک مثال رایج است.)
抽象的に
B1به طور انتزاعی یا نظری. برای ایده ها یا مفاهیم استفاده می شود، نه اشیاء فیزیکی.
学術的な
B1مربوط به مطالعات جدی دانشگاهی، تحقیق یا علم؛ آکادمیک.
学術的だ
B1آکادمیک؛ مربوط به آموزش و دانشپژوهی. این یک بحث کاملاً آکادمیک است.
学術的
B2Academic; relating to education and scholarship.
学術
B1محیط دانشگاهی، دانشوری؛ مربوط به تلاش های علمی.
学力
B1توانایی تحصیلی به سطح دانش در دروس مدرسه اشاره دارد.
