경직되다 em 30 segundos
- 경직되다 means 'to become rigid' or 'stiff.' It describes a loss of flexibility in physical, mental, or social contexts, often carrying a negative nuance of being stuck.
- Physically, it refers to muscles tightening due to cold, stress, or fear. You might say your body is '경직되었다' if you freeze up during a speech.
- Metaphorically, it describes rigid thinking, inflexible social hierarchies, or inelastic economic markets that cannot adapt to new information or changing environments.
- Common collocations include '경직된 사고' (rigid thinking), '경직된 분위기' (tense atmosphere), and '경직된 노동 시장' (rigid labor market).
The Korean word 경직되다 (gyeong-jik-doe-da) is a multifaceted term that primarily describes a state of becoming stiff, rigid, or inflexible. While it literally refers to physical hardening, its most common applications in modern Korean are metaphorical, describing social atmospheres, mental states, or economic systems that lack fluidity. Understanding this word requires looking at its Hanja roots: 경 (硬) meaning 'hard' or 'stiff' and 직 (直) meaning 'straight.' Together with the passive suffix 되다, it literally translates to 'to become hard and straight.'
- Physical Context
- In a biological or physical sense, 경직되다 refers to muscles or body parts losing their flexibility. This can happen due to extreme cold, sudden fear, or medical conditions. For example, when someone is terrified, their muscles might 'freeze' or become rigid.
- Societal and Organizational Context
- This is perhaps the most frequent use in B2-level Korean. It describes a workplace or social environment that is overly formal, hierarchical, or stuck in its ways. A 'rigid' organizational culture is one where new ideas are suppressed and rules are followed blindly without regard for changing circumstances.
갑작스러운 사고 소식에 그의 온몸이 경직되었다.
Beyond the physical and social, 경직되다 is a staple in economic and political discourse. When economists talk about a 'rigid labor market' (경직된 노동 시장), they mean a market where hiring and firing are difficult, or where wages do not adjust easily to supply and demand. This lack of elasticity is seen as a barrier to growth. Similarly, in politics, a 'rigid ideology' (경직된 이데올로기) refers to a set of beliefs that cannot be compromised or adapted to new realities.
그 회사는 분위기가 너무 경직되어 있어서 창의적인 아이디어가 나오기 힘들다.
- Psychological Nuance
- Psychologically, it describes a 'frozen' mental state. If someone is under immense pressure, their thinking might become rigid, meaning they can only see one way to solve a problem and lose their ability to think creatively or empathetically.
In summary, 경직되다 is the go-to word when you want to describe a transition from a healthy, flexible state to a locked, unyielding, or stiff state. Whether it is a runner's cramped leg, a nervous speaker's facial expression, or a government's bureaucratic processes, this word captures the essence of losing the ability to bend or change.
Using 경직되다 effectively requires understanding its grammatical behavior and the specific nouns it typically modifies. As a verb that describes a state or a change in state, it often appears in the past tense (경직되었다) to describe a current condition, or as an adjective modifying a noun (경직된).
- Describing Physical States
- When describing the body, it often follows nouns like 근육 (muscle), 표정 (facial expression), or 자세 (posture). Example: '긴장해서 표정이 경직되었다' (My expression became stiff because I was nervous).
- Describing Abstract Systems
- In business or sociology, it modifies 사고 (thinking), 분위기 (atmosphere), or 구조 (structure). Example: '경직된 사고방식을 버려야 한다' (We must discard a rigid way of thinking).
추운 날씨 때문에 근육이 경직되지 않도록 조심하세요.
One important grammatical note is that 경직되다 is an intransitive verb. It describes something that happens to a subject. Therefore, you use the subject marker -이/가 with the thing that is becoming rigid. You wouldn't 'rigid' something; rather, the thing 'becomes rigid.'
면접관 앞에 서자 목소리가 경직되어 나왔다.
In professional settings, 경직되다 is often contrasted with 유연하다 (flexible). A common advice in Korean self-help or business books is: '경직된 조직에서 유연한 조직으로 변화해야 한다' (We must change from a rigid organization to a flexible one). This contrast helps learners understand that 경직되다 carries a slightly negative connotation of being stuck or unable to respond to change.
- Collocations to Remember
- 1. 사고가 경직되다: Thinking becomes rigid. 2. 분위기가 경직되다: The atmosphere becomes tense/stiff. 3. 몸이 경직되다: The body becomes stiff. 4. 제도가 경직되다: A system/institution becomes inflexible.
You will encounter 경직되다 in a variety of real-world scenarios, ranging from the evening news to a doctor's office. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the word's nuanced meanings in the wild.
- In News and Media
- News anchors frequently use this word when discussing international relations or economic policies. If two countries are in a standoff, the reporter might say, '남북 관계가 경직되었습니다' (Inter-Korean relations have become rigid/strained). In economic reports, phrases like '경직된 예산' (a rigid/inflexible budget) refer to funds that are already tied up and cannot be moved for new projects.
- In the Workplace
- In Korean office culture, employees might complain about a '경직된 상하 관계' (rigid vertical/hierarchical relationship). This refers to a strict boss-subordinate dynamic where communication only flows one way and lower-level employees feel they cannot speak up.
시장이 경직되어 있어 새로운 투자가 활발하게 이루어지지 않고 있다.
In sports and fitness, a coach might tell an athlete, '어깨가 너무 경직되어 있어요. 힘을 빼세요' (Your shoulders are too stiff. Relax/Let the power out). Here, it is a literal description of physical tension that hinders performance. Similarly, in medical contexts, '사후 경직' (rigor mortis) is a technical term used to describe the stiffening of a body after death.
그의 경직된 태도가 대화를 더 어렵게 만들었다.
Lastly, in literature or film reviews, you might hear about a '경직된 연기' (stiff acting). This describes an actor who looks unnatural or uncomfortable in their role, failing to convey emotions fluidly. In all these cases, the core idea is a lack of natural movement or adaptability.
Even advanced learners can struggle with 경직되다 because it overlaps with several other words meaning 'hard,' 'stiff,' or 'stubborn.' Avoiding these common pitfalls will make your Korean sound much more natural.
- Confusing with '딱딱하다'
- This is the most frequent error. 딱딱하다 refers to the inherent physical hardness of an object, like a rock or a piece of dry bread. 경직되다 refers to a state of becoming stiff. You wouldn't say a rock is '경직되었다' unless it was once soft and then hardened through some process (though even then, '굳다' is better). Use 경직되다 for muscles, expressions, and systems.
- Confusing with '고집스럽다'
- While both can describe a person who won't change, 고집스럽다 describes a personality trait (stubbornness). 경직되다 describes a state of thinking or an attitude that has become inflexible, often due to external pressure or a formal environment. A person might be 경직된 사고 (rigid thinking) in a meeting but not necessarily a 고집스러운 사람 (stubborn person) in their private life.
틀린 예: 빵이 너무 경직되어서 먹을 수 없다. (X)
바른 예: 빵이 너무 딱딱해서 먹을 수 없다. (O)
Another mistake is using the active form 경직하다. While technically a word, it is almost never used in modern speech. The passive form 경직되다 is the standard way to express this concept. If you want to say something causes rigidity, you would use 경직시키다 (to make something rigid).
그는 긴장한 나머지 몸을 경직되었다. (X)
그는 긴장한 나머지 몸이 경직되었다. (O)
Finally, don't overuse it for simple 'tension.' While 긴장되다 (to be nervous) and 경직되다 are related, 경직되다 is a more extreme state. If you are just a little nervous before a date, use 긴장되다. If you are so nervous you can't move or speak naturally, then 경직되다 is appropriate.
To truly master 경직되다, it's helpful to compare it with its synonyms and near-synonyms. Each has a slightly different shade of meaning that dictates when it should be used.
- 1. 굳다 (Gut-da)
- This is the most common synonym. It means 'to harden' or 'to become firm.' While 경직되다 sounds more formal and technical, 굳다 is used in everyday conversation. You can say '표정이 굳다' (expression hardens) or '땅이 굳다' (ground hardens). 경직되다 is preferred in professional or medical contexts.
- 2. 고착되다 (Go-chak-doe-da)
- This means 'to become fixed' or 'to become stuck.' It is used when a situation or habit has been the same for so long that it's hard to change. While 경직되다 focuses on the lack of flexibility, 고착되다 focuses on the fact that it is 'stuck' in a specific position.
- 3. 유연하지 못하다 (Yu-yeon-ha-ji Mot-ha-da)
- This is the direct negation of 'flexible.' It is a softer, more descriptive way to say someone or something is rigid. If you want to criticize a boss's decision-making without being too harsh, you might say their thinking is 'not flexible' rather than 'rigid.'
상황에 따라 유연하게 대처해야지, 그렇게 경직되어서는 안 된다.
In a legal or bureaucratic sense, you might also hear 융통성이 없다 (to have no versatility/flexibility). This specifically refers to a person's inability to adapt rules to specific situations. While 경직되다 describes the state of the system or the person's mind, 융통성이 없다 describes the character flaw of being unable to compromise.
When you want to describe something that is literally frozen, like a computer or a screen, use 멈추다 or 프리징(freezing) 현상. 경직되다 is rarely used for technology. It is almost always reserved for biological entities or human-made systems and thoughts.
Exemplos por nível
너무 추워서 몸이 경직되었어요.
It was so cold that my body became stiff.
몸이 (body + subject marker) + 경직되었어요 (became stiff - past tense).
그는 무서워서 몸이 경직되었다.
He was so scared that his body froze up.
무서워서 (because he was scared).
다리 근육이 경직됐어요.
My leg muscles became stiff.
경직됐어요 is a contraction of 경직되었어요.
얼굴이 경직되지 않게 웃으세요.
Smile so your face doesn't look stiff.
-지 않게 (so that... not).
어깨가 경직되면 아파요.
If your shoulders get stiff, it hurts.
-면 (if/when).
긴장하면 몸이 경직돼요.
When you are nervous, your body gets stiff.
General fact using present tense.
손이 경직되어 글씨를 못 써요.
My hand is stiff so I can't write.
-어서/아서 (reason/result).
수영하기 전에 몸이 경직되지 않게 준비운동을 해요.
Before swimming, do warm-up exercises so your body doesn't get stiff.
준비운동 (warm-up exercise).
처음 만난 사람 앞이라 표정이 경직되었어요.
My expression became stiff because it was my first time meeting them.
-이라 (because it is...).
카메라 앞에 서면 자세가 경직돼요.
When I stand in front of a camera, my posture becomes stiff.
자세 (posture).
스트레스 때문에 어깨 근육이 자주 경직됩니다.
My shoulder muscles often get stiff because of stress.
자주 (often) + 경직됩니다 (formal present).
너무 오래 앉아 있어서 다리가 경직된 것 같아요.
I think my legs became stiff because I sat for too long.
-ㄴ 것 같다 (it seems like...).
발표할 때 목소리가 경직되지 않도록 하세요.
Try not to let your voice get stiff when you give a presentation.
-도록 하다 (try to/make sure to).
그의 경직된 태도가 나를 불편하게 했다.
His stiff attitude made me feel uncomfortable.
경직된 (adjective form modifying 태도).
날씨가 추워지면 근육이 쉽게 경직됩니다.
When the weather gets cold, muscles stiffen easily.
쉽게 (easily).
긴장을 풀면 경직된 몸이 부드러워져요.
If you relax, your stiff body will become soft.
부드러워지다 (to become soft/flexible).
그의 사고방식은 너무 경직되어 있어서 대화가 안 통해요.
His way of thinking is so rigid that communication doesn't work.
사고방식 (way of thinking).
회의실 분위기가 경직되어 아무도 말을 하지 않았다.
The atmosphere in the meeting room was rigid, so nobody spoke.
분위기 (atmosphere).
조직 문화가 경직되면 창의성이 사라집니다.
When organizational culture becomes rigid, creativity disappears.
조직 문화 (organizational culture).
그는 경직된 표정으로 나를 바라보았다.
He looked at me with a stiff expression.
바라보다 (to look/stare at).
법을 너무 경직되게 적용하면 문제가 생길 수 있다.
If the law is applied too rigidly, problems can arise.
경직되게 (adverbially - rigidly).
아이들이 선생님 앞에서 경직되어 있다.
The children are standing stiffly in front of the teacher.
-어 있다 (state of being).
상황이 변했는데도 그의 생각은 여전히 경직되어 있다.
Even though the situation changed, his thoughts are still rigid.
-는데도 (even though).
경직된 사회에서는 새로운 시도를 하기 어렵다.
In a rigid society, it is hard to make new attempts.
새로운 시도 (new attempt).
경직된 노동 시장은 경제 성장의 걸림돌이 된다.
A rigid labor market becomes a hindrance to economic growth.
걸림돌 (hindrance/stumbling block).
정부의 예산 운영이 지나치게 경직되어 있다는 비판이 있다.
There is criticism that the government's budget management is overly rigid.
예산 운영 (budget management).
군대와 같은 경직된 조직에서는 명령 복종이 우선시된다.
In rigid organizations like the military, obedience to orders is prioritized.
우선시되다 (to be prioritized).
그 배우의 연기는 다소 경직된 느낌을 주었다.
That actor's performance gave a somewhat stiff impression.
다소 (somewhat/a little).
교육 제도가 경직되어 학생들의 개성을 살리지 못하고 있다.
The education system is rigid and fails to foster students' individuality.
개성을 살리다 (to foster individuality).
남북 관계가 경직되면서 교류가 완전히 중단되었다.
As inter-Korean relations became rigid, exchanges were completely suspended.
-면서 (as/while).
전문가들은 부동산 시장의 경직성을 우려하고 있다.
Experts are worried about the rigidity of the real estate market.
경직성 (rigidity - noun form).
고정 관념에 사로잡히면 사고가 경직되기 쉽다.
If you are caught up in stereotypes, your thinking is likely to become rigid.
고정 관념 (stereotype/fixed idea).
형식 논리에 치우치다 보면 법 해석이 경직될 위험이 있다.
If one leans too much toward formal logic, there is a risk that legal interpretation will become rigid.
치우치다 (to lean/be biased).
관료제의 경직성은 효율적인 행정 처리를 가로막는 주요 원인이다.
The rigidity of bureaucracy is a major cause hindering efficient administrative processing.
관료제 (bureaucracy).
그 철학자의 후기 사상은 초기보다 훨씬 경직된 양상을 보인다.
The later thoughts of that philosopher show a much more rigid aspect than the early ones.
양상 (aspect/appearance).
지나친 원칙주의는 조직의 운영을 경직시킬 수 있다.
Excessive principle-centeredness can make the operation of an organization rigid.
경직시키다 (causative - to make rigid).
심리적 외상을 입은 환자들은 사고의 경직성을 보이는 경우가 많다.
Patients who have suffered psychological trauma often show rigidity of thought.
심리적 외상 (psychological trauma/PTSD).
언어의 표현이 경직되면 문학적 상상력이 제한된다.
When linguistic expression becomes rigid, literary imagination is limited.
문학적 상상력 (literary imagination).
사회 시스템의 경직성을 타파하기 위한 개혁이 시급하다.
Reform to break down the rigidity of the social system is urgent.
타파하다 (to break down/overthrow).
그는 자신의 논리를 방어하기 위해 경직된 자세를 고수했다.
He maintained a rigid stance to defend his logic.
고수하다 (to stick to/adhere to).
가격 하방 경직성 때문에 물가는 한번 오르면 좀처럼 떨어지지 않는다.
Due to downward price rigidity, once prices rise, they rarely fall.
하방 경직성 (downward rigidity - economic term).
해당 법안의 경직된 문구는 다양한 해석의 여지를 차단하고 있다.
The rigid wording of the bill in question blocks any room for various interpretations.
해석의 여지 (room for interpretation).
사후 경직의 정도를 통해 사망 시각을 추정할 수 있다.
The time of death can be estimated through the degree of rigor mortis.
사후 경직 (rigor mortis).
이데올로기의 경직화는 사회적 갈등을 심화시키는 촉매제가 된다.
The rigidification of ideology becomes a catalyst that intensifies social conflict.
경직화 (rigidification).
전통의 계승이 경직된 형식주의에 빠질 때 문화는 생명력을 잃는다.
When the succession of tradition falls into rigid formalism, culture loses its vitality.
형식주의 (formalism).
노동의 유연성이 확보되지 않은 경직된 고용 구조는 국가 경쟁력을 약화시킨다.
A rigid employment structure without labor flexibility weakens national competitiveness.
고용 구조 (employment structure).
학문적 논의가 경직된 교조주의로 흐르는 것을 경계해야 한다.
We must be wary of academic discussions drifting into rigid dogmatism.
교조주의 (dogmatism).
그의 연설은 경직된 어조와 단조로운 구성으로 청중의 외면을 받았다.
His speech was ignored by the audience due to its rigid tone and monotonous composition.
외면을 받다 (to be ignored/disregarded).
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— A rigid way of thinking. Refers to someone who cannot accept new ideas.
경직된 사고방식으로는 이 문제를 해결할 수 없습니다.
— To take a rigid posture. Often used for someone who looks very nervous.
그는 군인처럼 경직된 자세를 취하고 앉아 있었다.
— To make the atmosphere tense/stiff. Used when someone says something awkward.
그의 농담은 오히려 분위기를 경직시켰다.
— One's body becomes stiff. Common in physical or fearful contexts.
공포 영화를 보는데 너무 무서워서 몸이 경직되었다.
— A rigid organizational culture. A common complaint about traditional Korean companies.
경직된 조직 문화를 바꾸기 위해 많은 노력이 필요하다.
— Rigid application of the law. Following the letter of the law without mercy.
경직된 법 적용이 때로는 억울한 사람을 만들기도 한다.
— A stiff tone of voice. Lacking emotion or sounding very formal.
그는 경직된 어조로 보고서를 읽어 내려갔다.
— Muscle stiffness. A medical or fitness term.
장시간 운전은 근육 경직을 유발할 수 있습니다.
— Downward rigidity. An economic term for things (like wages) that don't go down easily.
임금의 하방 경직성 때문에 실업률이 올라갈 수 있다.
— A stiff facial expression. Used when someone is hiding emotions or is nervous.
그녀는 경직된 표정으로 고개를 끄덕였다.
Expressões idiomáticas
— To become as stiff as ice. Used when someone is completely frozen by fear or shock.
그는 호랑이를 보자 얼음처럼 경직되었다.
Literary— To harden like a stone. A synonym idiom for becoming completely rigid.
충격적인 소식에 그는 돌처럼 굳어버렸다.
Common— To be so rigid that it's suffocating. Used for extremely tense social atmospheres.
사장님 앞이라 숨이 막히도록 분위기가 경직되었다.
Emphatic— To be as stiff as a piece of wood. Often describes someone who is a bad dancer or very nervous.
춤을 추는데 몸이 나무토막처럼 경직되어 있었다.
Informal— To be stuck in a mold of thinking. Related to having a rigid mind.
그는 경직된 사고의 틀에 박혀 새로운 것을 보지 못한다.
MetaphoricalSummary
The word '경직되다' is essential for describing anything that has become unyielding or 'frozen' in its ways. For example, '경직된 사고방식은 성장을 방해한다' (A rigid way of thinking hinders growth). Use it when flexibility is lost.
- 경직되다 means 'to become rigid' or 'stiff.' It describes a loss of flexibility in physical, mental, or social contexts, often carrying a negative nuance of being stuck.
- Physically, it refers to muscles tightening due to cold, stress, or fear. You might say your body is '경직되었다' if you freeze up during a speech.
- Metaphorically, it describes rigid thinking, inflexible social hierarchies, or inelastic economic markets that cannot adapt to new information or changing environments.
- Common collocations include '경직된 사고' (rigid thinking), '경직된 분위기' (tense atmosphere), and '경직된 노동 시장' (rigid labor market).
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Mais palavras de general
몇몇
A2Alguns; alguns poucos.
조금
A1Eu entendo um pouco de coreano. (한국어를 조금 이해해요.)
적게
A1Pouco, em pequena quantidade. Usado para descrever uma ação feita de forma limitada.
약간
A2Um pouco; ligeiramente. Usado para descrever uma pequena quantidade ou um grau leve.
많이
A1Muito. 'Comi muito' (많이 먹었어요). 'Estudei muito' (공부 많이 했어요).
잠시
A2Por um momento; brevemente. 'Por favor, espere um momento.' (잠시만 기다려 주세요.) 'Voltarei em um momento.' (잠시 후에 돌아오겠습니다.)
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2Há pouco, mais cedo. Eu o vi há pouco na rua.
대해
A2Significa 'sobre' ou 'a respeito de'. É usado para introduzir o tópico de uma conversa, pensamento ou estudo.
~에 대해서
A2Sobre; a respeito de.
