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B1 adjective 6 min de leitura

해롭다

haeropda

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 해롭다 em 30 segundos

Explicação 해롭다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 해롭다 means 'harmful' or 'bad for you'. You will mostly see it in very simple sentences about food or health. Think of it as a more specific way to say 'not good'. For example, 'Sugar is harmful' (설탕은 해로워요). At this stage, don't worry too much about the complex grammar; just focus on the basic meaning that something causes a 'boo-boo' or a problem for your body. You might see it on signs or in very basic health books for children. It is almost always used with the particle '-에' which means 'to'. So, '건강에 해로워요' means 'Harmful to health'. Just remember this one pattern and you are good to go! It's a useful word to know if you want to talk about why you don't like certain habits like eating too much candy or staying up too late.

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At the A2 level, you should start noticing the irregular conjugation of 해롭다. Because it ends in 'ㅂ', it changes to 해로워요 when you speak politely. You should be able to form simple sentences using this word to describe lifestyle choices. For instance, you can say 'Coffee is harmful to me' (커피는 저에게 해로워요) or 'Smoking is harmful to the body' (담배는 몸에 해로워요). You are also expected to recognize the noun-modifying form 해로운. If you see '해로운 음식', you should understand it means 'harmful food'. This level is about expanding your ability to give simple advice or reasons why something is a bad idea. You'll start to hear this word in basic conversations about hobbies and health routines.

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At the B1 level, you are expected to use 해롭다 with more precision and in a wider variety of contexts. You should be able to discuss not just physical health, but also mental health, the environment, and social issues. For example, you might talk about how 'Social media can be harmful to teenagers' (소셜 미디어는 십대들에게 해로울 수 있습니다). You should also be able to use connecting particles like '-지만' (but) or '-어서/아서' (because). For instance: 'It is harmful to the environment, but it is cheap' (환경에 해롭지만 가격이 저렴해요). At this stage, you should also be able to distinguish 해롭다 from its formal counterpart 유해하다. You are moving beyond simple sentences and into expressing opinions and arguments regarding well-being and safety.

At the B2 level, you should use 해롭다 fluently in academic or professional discussions. You should be comfortable using it in the middle of complex sentences, such as 'The government is implementing policies to reduce substances harmful to the atmosphere' (정부는 대기에 해로운 물질을 줄이기 위한 정책을 시행하고 있습니다). You should also understand the nuances of the word in socio-economic contexts, such as how certain market behaviors are 'harmful' to fair competition. Your vocabulary should include related Hanja terms like 백해무익 (one hundred harms and no benefit). You should be able to write essays or give presentations where you evaluate the 'harmful effects' (해로운 영향) of various phenomena with supporting evidence.

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At the C1 level, your understanding of 해롭다 should be deeply nuanced. You can use it to describe abstract philosophical or psychological harms. For example, discussing how 'stagnant traditionalism can be harmful to cultural evolution'. You should be able to analyze the word's usage in classical literature or high-level legal texts where the definition of 'harm' (해) is legally or ethically debated. You should be able to use the word in sophisticated rhetorical structures, such as 'Whether this technology is truly harmful to human dignity is a matter of intense debate.' You will also be familiar with archaic or highly specific synonyms used in professional fields like toxicology, law, or environmental engineering.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 해롭다 and its entire semantic field. You can play with the word in creative writing, using it metaphorically to describe toxic relationships, corrosive ideologies, or decaying systems. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its Hanja roots (害). You can effortlessly switch between 해롭다, 유해하다, 위해하다, and 해독을 끼치다 depending on the exact register and emotional weight required. You can critique complex Korean texts that use this word to frame social panics or scientific discoveries, recognizing how the word is used to shape public opinion. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, reflecting deep cultural and linguistic insight.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

해롭다 em 30 segundos

해롭다 is a Korean adjective meaning 'harmful' or 'detrimental', specifically used to describe things that cause damage to health, the environment, or society.
It is a ㅂ-irregular adjective, meaning it conjugates to 해로워요 in the polite present tense and 해로운 when modifying a noun directly.
The word is typically paired with the particle -에 to indicate the target of the harm, such as 건강에 해롭다 (harmful to health).
Common synonyms include the formal 유해하다 (yu-hae-ha-da) and the casual 나쁘다 (na-ppeu-da), which simply means 'bad' without the specific nuance of damage.

The Korean adjective 해롭다 (haeropda) is a critical term used to describe things that are detrimental, harmful, or injurious. Unlike the general word for 'bad' (나쁘다), which can describe quality or morality, 해롭다 specifically targets the negative impact or biological/environmental damage something causes. It is most frequently encountered in contexts involving health, lifestyle choices, environmental science, and social behavior. When you use this word, you are making a definitive statement about the negative consequences of an action or substance.

Core Nuance: The term focuses on the 'Harm' (해 - 害). It suggests a process of degradation or damage to a system, whether that system is the human body, an ecosystem, or the fabric of society.
Grammatical Behavior: It is a ㅂ-irregular adjective. This means when it meets a vowel-starting suffix, the 'ㅂ' changes to '우'. For example, 해롭다 becomes 해로워요 (polite present) or 해로운 (noun-modifying form).

담배는 건강에 아주 해롭다.
"Smoking is very harmful to health."

In daily life, you will hear this word from doctors, teachers, and parents. It carries a tone of warning. If someone says a habit is 해롭다, they aren't just saying they dislike it; they are stating it is objectively damaging. This makes it a powerful word in persuasive speaking and writing. For instance, discussing the 'harmful effects' of blue light from smartphones before bed would necessitate using the form 해로운 (harmful).

지나친 스트레스는 정신 건강에 해로울 수 있습니다.
"Excessive stress can be harmful to mental health."

Furthermore, the word extends beyond physical health. It is used in economic and social contexts to describe policies or trends that might hurt the public interest. For example, a monopoly might be described as 해롭다 to the market economy. This versatility makes it a staple of B1-level proficiency, as it allows learners to discuss abstract concepts of damage and well-being with precision.

Usage Frequency: Extremely high in news media, educational textbooks, and medical consultations. Moderately high in casual conversation when discussing diet or habits.

아이들에게 해로운 환경을 개선해야 합니다.
"We must improve environments that are harmful to children."

Mastering 해롭다 requires understanding its conjugation and its relationship with other sentence components. As an adjective, it functions primarily as a predicate (at the end of a sentence) or as a modifier (before a noun). Because it is a ㅂ-irregular adjective, the stem changes when it meets a suffix starting with a vowel, which is a common stumbling block for intermediate learners.

The ㅂ-Irregular Rule: Stem: 해롭- + -어요 (polite ending) → 해로워요. The 'ㅂ' drops and '워' is added. This applies to all forms like 해로워서 (because it's harmful) or 해로웠어요 (was harmful).

설탕을 많이 먹는 것은 치아에 해로워요.
"Eating a lot of sugar is harmful to your teeth."

When modifying a noun, you use the form 해로운. This is essential for creating phrases like 'harmful substances' (해로운 물질) or 'harmful habits' (해로운 습관). Notice how the 'ㅂ' turns into '운' before the noun. This is the standard way to describe the quality of something harmful directly.

공장의 폐수는 생태계에 해로운 영향을 끼칩니다.
"Wastewater from factories has a harmful impact on the ecosystem."

In formal or academic contexts, you might see 해롭다 used with connectors like -음에도 불구하고 (despite being harmful). For example: "Despite being harmful to the environment, plastic is still widely used." (환경에 해로움에도 불구하고 플라스틱은 여전히 널리 사용됩니다). This demonstrates the word's utility in complex logical structures.

Common Adverbs: It is often paired with intensity adverbs like 매우 (very), 극히 (extremely), or 치명적으로 (fatally). This helps specify the degree of danger involved.

지나친 음주는 간에 매우 해롭습니다.
"Excessive drinking is very harmful to the liver."

You will encounter 해롭다 in various real-world scenarios in Korea. It is a word of authority and caution. Understanding where it appears helps you grasp its social weight and register.

Scenario 1: Health Campaigns and PSA: On cigarette packs, in gym advertisements, or during TV health programs (like 'Vitamin' or 'The Secrets of Life'), experts constantly use this word to warn against sedentary lifestyles or processed foods.

미세먼지는 호흡기에 매우 해롭습니다. 마스크를 착용하세요.
"Fine dust is very harmful to the respiratory system. Please wear a mask."

Another common place is in parenting advice. Korean parents are very conscious of their children's education and health. You'll hear them discussing whether certain video games or YouTube channels are 해롭다 to their child's development. This usage is slightly more subjective but still focuses on the 'harm' to the child's mind or habits.

Scenario 2: Environmental Documentaries: In news reports about chemical spills or global warming, narrators use 해롭다 to describe the impact of pollutants on the earth. It sounds more scientific than just saying something is 'bad' for the earth.

이 화학 물질은 토양에 해로운 영향을 줍니다.
"This chemical substance has a harmful effect on the soil."

Finally, you'll hear it in legal and policy discussions. When the government bans a substance, they justify it by stating it is 해롭다 to public health. This formal usage is often paired with the noun 유해 (yu-hae), which is the Hanja-based formal synonym for harm.

Even intermediate learners often make specific errors when using 해롭다. These usually fall into three categories: conjugation errors, particle misuse, and semantic confusion.

1. Conjugation Confusion (The ㅂ-Irregular): Many learners try to conjugate it regularly as 해롭아요 or 해롭은. This is incorrect. Remember that 해롭다 follows the same pattern as 맵다 (spicy) or 춥다 (cold). It must be 해로워요 and 해로운.

[Incorrect] 담배는 건강을 해로워요.
"Smoking harmful health." (Incorrect particle and logic)

This leads to the second major mistake: Particle Misuse. Because 'harmful' often takes an object in English ('it harms the body'), learners try to use the object particle -을/를. However, 해롭다 is an adjective (descriptive verb) in Korean, not an action verb. You cannot 'harmful something'. You must say something is 'harmful to' something using -에.

[Correct] 담배는 건강에 해로워요.
"Smoking is harmful to health."

2. Confusing with 해치다 (Verb): If you want to say "Smoking harms health," you use the verb 해치다 (to harm). In this case, you DO use the object particle: 건강을 해치다. Learners often mix these two up, resulting in grammatically broken sentences.

While 해롭다 is the standard word, Korean offers several alternatives depending on the level of formality and the specific type of harm being discussed. Choosing the right one makes your Korean sound more natural and nuanced.

유해하다 (有害하다) - Formal/Scientific: This is the Hanja equivalent. It is used in technical reports, legal documents, and news. You'll see it in terms like 유해 물질 (harmful/toxic substance). It sounds more objective and 'official' than 해롭다.
나쁘다 - General/Casual: The most common word for 'bad'. In casual speech, people often just say 몸에 나빠요 (it's bad for the body) instead of the more precise 건강에 해로워요. It's less intense and more colloquial.
안 좋다 - Soft/Indirect: Literally 'not good'. This is a very common way to politely suggest something is harmful. Instead of saying "That's harmful to you," a friend might say 그거 몸에 안 좋아.

비교:
1. 해롭다: 건강에 해롭습니다. (Standard/Clear)
2. 유해하다: 유해 환경으로부터 보호합시다. (Formal/Official)
3. 나쁘다: 이거 몸에 나빠. (Casual/Direct)

When you want to describe something that isn't just harmful but toxic, you might use 독하다 (strong/pungent/toxic) or 치명적이다 (fatal/lethal). 해롭다 is the baseline for 'negative impact', while these other words amplify the severity.

How Formal Is It?

Curiosidade

The suffix '-롭다' is also found in words like '외롭다' (lonely) and '자유롭다' (free). It specifically creates adjectives that describe a state or characteristic.

Guia de pronúncia

UK /hɛ.ɾop.t͈a/

US /heɪ.ɾoʊp.dɑ/

The primary stress is on the first syllable '해'.

Rima com

외롭다 (lonely) 괴롭다 (painful) 새롭다 (new) 부럽다 (envious) 가렵다 (itchy) 두렵다 (scared) 어렵다 (difficult) 더럽다 (dirty)

Erros comuns

Pronouncing the 'ㅂ' too clearly; in '해롭다', it is an unreleased stop.
Forgetting the tense 't' sound in the last syllable: it's pronounced like '해롭따'.
Confusing the 'ae' (ㅐ) sound with 'e' (ㅔ), though they sound similar in modern Seoul dialect.
Over-emphasizing the 'r' sound; it should be a light tap like the Spanish 'r'.
Failing to change the 'ㅂ' to '우' during conjugation (e.g., saying '해롭어요' instead of '해로워요').

Nível de dificuldade

Leitura 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts, but requires knowing the ㅂ-irregular rule.

Escrita 4/5

Requires correct conjugation (해로워, 해로운) and proper particle use (-에).

Expressão oral 3/5

Common in health-related discussions; pronunciation is straightforward.

Audição 2/5

Very distinct sound; easy to pick out in news or lectures.

O que aprender depois

Pré-requisitos

나쁘다 (bad) 몸 (body) 건강 (health) 맵다 (spicy - for ㅂ-irregular pattern) 춥다 (cold - for pattern)

Aprenda a seguir

유해하다 (formal harmful) 이롭다 (beneficial) 영향 (influence) 물질 (substance) 환경 (environment)

Avançado

치명적 (fatal) 저해하다 (hinder) 초래하다 (bring about) 유발하다 (cause/induce)

Gramática essencial

ㅂ-Irregular Adjectives

해롭다 -> 해로워요, 맵다 -> 매워요

Adjective Noun-Modifying Form (-ㄴ/은)

해로운 물질, 좋은 사람

Particle -에 (Target/Direction)

건강에 해롭다, 학교에 가다

Negative form -지 않다

해롭지 않아요, 먹지 않아요

Possibility -을 수 있다

해로울 수 있다, 갈 수 있다

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Exemplos por nível

사탕은 이에 해로워요.

Candy is harmful to teeth.

Simple present polite form.

담배는 몸에 해로워요.

Cigarettes are harmful to the body.

Subject marker '는' and target particle '에'.

너무 많은 소금은 해롭습니다.

Too much salt is harmful.

Formal polite ending '-습니다'.

해로운 음식을 먹지 마세요.

Don't eat harmful food.

Noun-modifying form '해로운'.

술은 건강에 해롭나요?

Is alcohol harmful to health?

Interrogative form '-나요?'.

이것은 아이에게 해롭다.

This is harmful to the child.

Plain/Dictionary form used in books.

콜라는 치아에 해로워.

Cola is harmful to teeth.

Informal/Casual ending.

해로운 것은 버리세요.

Throw away things that are harmful.

Noun-modifying form with '것' (thing).

밤에 커피를 마시는 것은 잠에 해로워요.

Drinking coffee at night is harmful to sleep.

Gerund construction '-는 것'.

해로운 습관을 고치고 싶어요.

I want to fix harmful habits.

Want-to form '-고 싶어요'.

이 약은 임산부에게 해로울 수 있어요.

This medicine can be harmful to pregnant women.

Possibility form '-을 수 있어요'.

공기가 나쁘면 폐에 해로워요.

If the air is bad, it's harmful to the lungs.

Conditional '-면'.

해로운 벌레가 식물을 먹어요.

Harmful insects are eating the plants.

Adjective modifying '벌레' (insect).

컴퓨터를 너무 오래 하면 눈에 해로워요.

Using the computer for too long is harmful to the eyes.

Adverb '너무' (too) and '오래' (long).

그 영화는 아이들에게 해로울까요?

Will that movie be harmful to children?

Conjecture form '-을까요?'.

해로운 물질이 없는 비누예요.

It's a soap without harmful substances.

Relative clause '물질이 없는'.

지나친 다이어트는 건강에 해로울 뿐만 아니라 위험합니다.

Excessive dieting is not only harmful to health but also dangerous.

'-을 뿐만 아니라' (not only... but also).

환경에 해로운 플라스틱 사용을 줄여야 합니다.

We must reduce the use of plastic, which is harmful to the environment.

'-어야 합니다' (must/should).

스트레스는 만병의 근원이자 정신 건강에 매우 해롭습니다.

Stress is the root of all diseases and is very harmful to mental health.

'-이자' (both... and).

아이들이 해로운 영상에 노출되지 않도록 주의하세요.

Be careful so that children are not exposed to harmful videos.

'-지 않도록' (so that... not).

이것이 우리 몸에 왜 해로운지 설명해 주세요.

Please explain why this is harmful to our bodies.

Indirect question '-는지'.

해롭다는 것을 알면서도 끊기가 어려워요.

Even though I know it's harmful, it's hard to quit.

'-면서도' (even while).

가공식품은 영양가가 낮고 몸에 해로운 성분이 많아요.

Processed foods are low in nutritional value and have many harmful ingredients.

Compound sentence with '-고'.

친구에게 해로운 말을 해서 미안해요.

I'm sorry for saying harmful words to my friend.

Past tense cause '-어서'.

대기 오염은 인간의 호흡기뿐만 아니라 지구 생태계 전체에 해롭습니다.

Air pollution is harmful not only to human respiratory systems but to the entire global ecosystem.

Formal register with '-전체에'.

정부는 청소년에게 해로운 매체를 엄격히 규제하고 있다.

The government is strictly regulating media that is harmful to youth.

Progressive form '-고 있다'.

잘못된 정보의 확산은 사회적 신뢰 형성에 해로운 영향을 미친다.

The spread of misinformation has a harmful effect on building social trust.

Abstract noun usage '신뢰 형성'.

해로운 화학 물질이 유출되어 인근 주민들이 대피했습니다.

Harmful chemical substances leaked, causing nearby residents to evacuate.

Passive/Causal structure '-어/아서'.

스마트폰 중독은 신체 건강뿐 아니라 정서 발달에도 해로울 수 있다.

Smartphone addiction can be harmful to emotional development as well as physical health.

'-뿐 아니라' (not only... but also).

경제 발전에만 치중하는 정책은 장기적으로 국가에 해로울 수 있습니다.

Policies that focus only on economic growth can be harmful to the nation in the long run.

'-에만 치중하는' (focusing only on).

과도한 경쟁은 학생들의 창의성 발휘에 해로운 요소가 됩니다.

Excessive competition becomes a harmful factor in students' display of creativity.

Noun '요소' (factor).

식품 첨가물이 인체에 해로운지 여부에 대한 논란이 계속되고 있다.

Controversy over whether food additives are harmful to the human body continues.

'-는지 여부' (whether or not).

권위주의적 교육 방식은 학생의 자율성 함양에 지대하게 해롭다.

An authoritarian educational style is profoundly harmful to the cultivation of student autonomy.

Adverb '지대하게' (profoundly/greatly).

비판 없는 수용은 지적 성장에 해로운 독이 될 수 있음을 명심해야 한다.

One must keep in mind that acceptance without criticism can become a harmful poison to intellectual growth.

'-음을 명심해야 한다' (must keep in mind that...).

무분별한 개발은 자연의 자정 능력을 파괴하여 인류에게 해로운 결과를 초래할 것이다.

Indiscriminate development will destroy nature's self-purifying capacity and bring about harmful consequences for humanity.

Future tense '-을 것이다' with '초래하다' (bring about).

편협한 민족주의는 국가 간의 평화로운 공존에 해로운 걸림돌이 된다.

Narrow-minded nationalism becomes a harmful stumbling block to peaceful coexistence between nations.

Metaphor '걸림돌' (stumbling block).

특정 집단에 대한 혐오 표현은 사회 통합을 저해하고 공동체에 해롭다.

Hate speech against specific groups hinders social integration and is harmful to the community.

Verbs '저해하다' (hinder) and '해롭다' combined.

기존의 질서를 맹목적으로 따르는 것은 혁신에 해로운 영향을 줄 수 있다.

Blindly following the existing order can have a harmful effect on innovation.

Adverb '맹목적으로' (blindly).

사이버 불링은 피해자의 자아 존중감에 치명적으로 해로운 행위이다.

Cyberbullying is an act that is fatally harmful to the victim's self-esteem.

Adverb '치명적으로' (fatally).

자본의 논리에만 매몰된 예술은 예술의 본질적 가치에 해로울 수 있다.

Art buried only in the logic of capital can be harmful to the essential value of art.

Passive participle '매몰된' (buried/submerged).

언론의 편향된 보도는 민주주의의 근간을 흔드는 해로운 독소와 같다.

Biased media reporting is like a harmful toxin that shakes the very foundation of democracy.

Simile '-와 같다' (is like).

인간의 탐욕이 부른 기후 변화는 지구상의 모든 생명체에게 해로운 재앙이 되고 있다.

Climate change brought about by human greed is becoming a harmful catastrophe for all living beings on Earth.

Modifier '부른' (called/brought about).

지나친 자기 객관화의 결여는 개인의 인격 도야에 해로운 요소로 작용한다.

The lack of excessive self-objectification acts as a harmful factor in the cultivation of an individual's character.

Academic term '인격 도야' (character cultivation).

문화적 제국주의는 소수 민족의 정체성 보존에 해로운 영향을 끼칠 우려가 크다.

There is a great concern that cultural imperialism will have a harmful impact on the preservation of ethnic minority identities.

'-을 우려가 크다' (there is great concern that...).

과학 기술의 윤리적 검토 없는 발전은 인류의 미래에 해로운 결과를 낳을 수 있음을 간과해서는 안 된다.

We must not overlook that the development of science and technology without ethical review can produce harmful results for the future of humanity.

'-해서는 안 된다' (must not).

사회적 불평등의 심화는 공동체의 결속력을 약화시키는 해로운 요인이다.

The deepening of social inequality is a harmful factor that weakens the solidarity of the community.

Noun '요인' (factor/cause).

역사적 진실의 왜곡은 미래 세대의 올바른 가치관 형성에 해로운 걸림돌이 된다.

The distortion of historical truth becomes a harmful stumbling block to the formation of correct values in future generations.

Abstract noun '왜곡' (distortion).

단기적 이익에만 매몰된 경영 방식은 기업의 지속 가능성에 해로울 수밖에 없다.

A management style focused only on short-term profits is bound to be harmful to the company's sustainability.

'-을 수밖에 없다' (cannot help but be/is bound to).

Sinônimos

유해하다 나쁘다 해를 끼치다

Antônimos

유익하다 이롭다 무해하다

Colocações comuns

건강에 해롭다

환경에 해롭다

몸에 해롭다

정신 건강에 해롭다

치아에 해롭다

백해무익하다

해로운 물질

해로운 영향

시력에 해롭다

성장에 해롭다

Frases Comuns

건강에 해로운

— Harmful to health. Used as an adjective phrase before a noun.

건강에 해로운 습관을 버리세요.

전혀 해롭지 않다

— Not harmful at all. Used to reassure safety.

이 약은 전혀 해롭지 않아요.

해로울 것이 없다

— There is nothing to be harmed. It won't hurt to do something.

한 번 해봐서 해로울 것이 없잖아요.

해로운지 모르겠다

— I'm not sure if it's harmful.

이게 정말 건강에 해로운지 모르겠어요.

남에게 해롭다

— Harmful to others.

남에게 해로운 짓은 하지 마라.

해로운 줄 알면서

— Knowing that it is harmful.

해로운 줄 알면서도 계속해요.

해로운 요소

— Harmful factor or element.

성공에 해로운 요소를 제거하십시오.

해로울 정도로

— To the extent of being harmful.

해로울 정도로 운동을 많이 해요.

정말 해롭다

— Really harmful. Used for emphasis.

그건 정말 해로운 생각이야.

해롭지 않은

— Not harmful (modifier).

해롭지 않은 성분만 들어있어요.

Frequentemente confundido com

해롭다 vs 나쁘다

나쁘다 is general 'bad'; 해롭다 is specific 'harmful/damaging'.

해롭다 vs 해치다

해치다 is a verb (to harm); 해롭다 is an adjective (to be harmful).

해롭다 vs 위험하다

위험하다 is 'dangerous' (immediate threat); 해롭다 is 'harmful' (long-term damage).

Expressões idiomáticas

"백해무익 (百害無益)"

— A hundred harms and no benefit. Completely useless and damaging.

담배는 그야말로 백해무익한 물건이다.

Formal/Literary

"독이 되다"

— To become poison. Used when something helpful turns harmful.

지나친 칭찬은 아이에게 독이 될 수 있다.

General

"해를 끼치다"

— To cause harm or damage to someone/something.

남에게 해를 끼치면 안 됩니다.

General

"발목을 잡다"

— To hold someone back (metaphorically harmful to progress).

과거의 실수가 그의 발목을 잡았다.

Idiomatic

"뼈 아픈"

— Bone-aching (harmful/painful lesson).

그것은 나에게 뼈 아픈 교훈이었다.

Idiomatic

"찬물을 끼얹다"

— To throw cold water on (harmful to a mood or plan).

그의 말은 분위기에 찬물을 끼얹었다.

Idiomatic

"눈엣가시"

— A thorn in the eye (someone/something harmful or annoying).

그는 사장님에게 눈엣가시 같은 존재다.

Idiomatic

"밑 빠진 독에 물 붓기"

— Pouring water into a bottomless pot (harmful/wasteful effort).

그 사업은 밑 빠진 독에 물 붓기였다.

Proverb

"제 살 깎아먹기"

— Carving out one's own flesh (harmful self-competition).

가격 인하 경쟁은 제 살 깎아먹기다.

Idiomatic

"병 주고 약 주다"

— Give the disease then give the medicine (causing harm then helping).

그는 나를 비웃더니 이제 와서 도와주겠대요. 병 주고 약 주네요.

Idiomatic

Fácil de confundir

해롭다 vs 해치다

Both share the root '해' (harm).

해치다 is an action verb requiring an object (-을/를). 해롭다 is a descriptive adjective requiring a target (-에).

건강을 해치다 (Harm health) vs 건강에 해롭다 (Harmful to health).

해롭다 vs 나쁘다

Both describe negative qualities.

나쁘다 can describe character, weather, or quality. 해롭다 specifically describes biological or physical damage.

날씨가 나쁘다 (Weather is bad) - You can't say 날씨가 해롭다 unless the weather is actually damaging your health.

해롭다 vs 유해하다

They have the same meaning.

유해하다 is a formal Hanja-based word used in technical contexts. 해롭다 is the standard everyday word.

유해 물질 (Harmful substance) vs 몸에 해로운 음식 (Food harmful to the body).

해롭다 vs 괴롭다

They sound similar (ending in -롭다).

괴롭다 means 'to be in pain' or 'to be distressed' (mental/physical suffering). 해롭다 means 'to be harmful'.

마음이 괴롭다 (My heart is distressed) vs 담배는 해롭다 (Cigarettes are harmful).

해롭다 vs 어렵다

They share the -롭다 adjective ending pattern.

어렵다 means 'difficult'.

한국어는 어렵다 (Korean is difficult) vs 술은 해롭다 (Alcohol is harmful).

Padrões de frases

N은/는 N에 해로워요.

커피는 몸에 해로워요.

해로운 N을/를 V-지 마세요.

해로운 음식을 먹지 마세요.

V-는 것은 N에 해로울 수 있어요.

늦게 자는 것은 건강에 해로울 수 있어요.

N에 해롭지만 ADJ-아요/어요.

환경에 해롭지만 편리해요.

N에 해로운 영향을 미치다.

기후 변화는 농업에 해로운 영향을 미친다.

N이/가 N에 해로운지 조사하다.

이 성분이 인체에 해로운지 조사하고 있다.

N은 N에 해로운 독이 될 뿐이다.

과도한 욕심은 성공에 해로운 독이 될 뿐이다.

N에 해로운 결과를 초래할 우려가 있다.

무분별한 개발은 생태계에 해로운 결과를 초래할 우려가 있다.

Família de palavras

Substantivos

해 (harm/damage)

피해 (damage/loss)

유해 (harmfulness)

해독 (harm/poisonous effect)

Verbos

해치다 (to harm)

해를 입히다 (to inflict harm)

해를 끼치다 (to cause harm)

Adjetivos

해롭다 (harmful)

유해하다 (harmful/toxic)

무해하다 (harmless)

이롭다 (beneficial)

Relacionado

손상 (damage)

위험 (danger)

부작용 (side effect)

독 (poison)

악영향 (bad influence)

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Como usar

frequency

Very frequent in medical, environmental, and educational contexts.

Erros comuns

해롭아요 → 해로워요
This is a ㅂ-irregular adjective. The ㅂ changes to 우 before a vowel.
건강을 해롭다 → 건강에 해롭다
해롭다 is an adjective, so it cannot take an object. Use the particle -에.
해롭은 음식 → 해로운 음식
The noun-modifying form for ㅂ-irregular adjectives is -운, not -은.
나쁜 습관 (when meaning harmful) → 해로운 습관
While '나쁜 습관' is okay, '해로운 습관' is more precise when describing habits that damage health.
해롭다 used for 'difficult' → 어렵다
Learners sometimes confuse these because they both end in -롭다.

Dicas

Master the Irregular

Always practice the ㅂ-irregular conjugation. Write out '해롭다, 해로워요, 해로워서, 해로웠다, 해로운' until it becomes second nature. This is the biggest hurdle for learners.

Pair with 건강

The most common pairing is '건강에 해롭다'. If you learn this as one single block, you will use it correctly 90% of the time.

Don't use -을/를

Never use the object particle with 해롭다. It's an adjective! Use -에 for the target of the harm.

Choose the right 'Bad'

Use '해롭다' when there is actual damage. Use '나쁘다' for general bad quality or bad behavior.

Tone Matters

When using 해롭다, your tone should be slightly serious or advisory, as you are discussing harm.

Academic boost

Using '해롭다' instead of '나쁘다' in writing immediately raises your perceived proficiency level because it's more specific.

Context Clues

If you hear '-에 해로...', you can almost guarantee the speaker is talking about something harmful to health or the environment.

Well-being culture

Korean commercials for healthy food often contrast their products with '해로운' additives. Pay attention to these ads!

Hae = Harm

Associate the sound 'Hae' with 'Harm'. Both start with the 'H' sound and convey the same core idea.

Antonym Practice

Practice '해롭다' alongside its antonym '이롭다'. This helps you remember both 'harmful' and 'beneficial' simultaneously.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Think of 'Hae' as 'Hate'. You hate things that are 'Hae-rop-da' because they harm you. 'Hae' = Harmful, 'Rop' = Rope (it ties you down), 'Da' = Done. Harm is done!

Associação visual

Imagine a cigarette with a skull and crossbones on it. Next to it, a green checkmark on a piece of broccoli. The cigarette is '해롭다'.

Word Web

건강 (Health) 담배 (Cigarette) 설탕 (Sugar) 환경 (Environment) 스트레스 (Stress) 공해 (Pollution) 유해 (Harmfulness) 위험 (Danger)

Desafio

Try to list five things in your house that are '해롭다' (e.g., junk food, old batteries, bleach) and say why they are harmful using the '-에 해롭다' pattern.

Origem da palavra

Derived from the Hanja '해' (害 - harm/damage) combined with the native Korean suffix '-롭다'. The suffix '-롭다' is used to turn a noun into an adjective meaning 'to have the quality of'.

Significado original: To possess the quality of causing damage or harm.

Koreanic (with Sinitic root).

Contexto cultural

When telling someone their habit is '해롭다', it can sound like a lecture. Use it carefully to avoid sounding overly judgmental in casual settings.

English speakers might just say 'bad for you', but Koreans prefer the specific 'harmful' (해롭다) to sound more precise about the damage.

The movie 'Parasite' discusses things that are 'harmful' to the family structure. Korean anti-smoking campaigns prominently feature the word '해롭다'. K-Dramas often use the term when a character is in a toxic ('해로운') relationship.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

At the Doctor's Office

술은 간에 해롭습니다.
스트레스는 건강에 해로워요.
이 약은 부작용이 해로울 수 있습니다.
해로운 습관을 고치세요.

Environmental Discussion

플라스틱은 바다에 해롭다.
대기 오염은 모두에게 해롭습니다.
해로운 화학 물질이 많아요.
지구에 해로운 일을 멈춥시다.

Parenting

게임 너무 많이 하면 눈에 해로워.
불량 식품은 아이에게 해롭다.
해로운 말은 하지 마세요.
아이들에게 해로운 환경입니다.

Academic/Writing

사회 발전에 해로운 요소.
경제에 해로운 영향을 미치다.
해로운지 여부를 조사하다.
유해성과 해로움의 차이.

Casual Conversation

그거 몸에 해롭지 않아?
너무 늦게 자는 건 해로워.
해로운 건 안 하는 게 좋아.
정말 해로운 생각이야.

Iniciadores de conversa

"요즘 건강에 해로운 습관이 있나요?"

"스마트폰이 아이들에게 해롭다고 생각하세요?"

"환경에 가장 해로운 것은 무엇이라고 생각합니까?"

"스트레스가 우리 몸에 얼마나 해로운지 아세요?"

"해로운 음식을 끊는 가장 좋은 방법은 무엇일까요?"

Temas para diário

내가 가진 습관 중 건강에 해로운 것은 무엇이며, 어떻게 고칠 수 있을까?

현대 사회에서 가장 해로운 사회적 문제는 무엇이라고 생각하는가?

환경에 해로운 플라스틱 사용을 줄이기 위해 내가 할 수 있는 일은?

정신 건강에 해로운 스트레스를 관리하는 나만의 방법.

아이들에게 해로운 미디어 노출을 어떻게 제한해야 할까?

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

Usually, no. You don't say a person is '해롭다' unless you mean they are toxic/harmful to your life or society in a metaphorical sense. If a person is 'bad', use '나쁜 사람'.

They mean the same thing, but 유해하다 (有害-) is more formal and academic. You'll see 유해하다 in news reports about chemicals and 해롭다 in a doctor's advice.

Because it is a ㅂ-irregular adjective. For these words, the 'ㅂ' changes to '우' before a vowel. Other examples include 맵다 (매워요) and 춥다 (추워요).

Most of the time, yes. It specifies what is being harmed. '건강에 해롭다' (harmful to health). Without it, the sentence might feel incomplete unless the context is very clear.

Only if the weather is actually causing harm, like extreme heat or acid rain. For just 'bad weather', use '나쁜 날씨'.

The direct opposite is 이롭다 (beneficial), but in daily life, people often say '건강에 좋다' (good for health) or '유익하다' (helpful).

Yes, you can say '정신 건강에 해롭다' (harmful to mental health) to describe stress, toxic relationships, or bad environments.

You can say '해롭지 않다' or use the word '무해하다' (harmless). '이 제품은 인체에 무해합니다' is a common phrase on safe products.

If the smell is from a toxic gas, yes. If it's just a 'stinky' smell, use '냄새가 나쁘다' or '고약하다'.

Yes, it is very common. '그거 몸에 해로워' (That's bad for you) is something friends say to each other often.

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