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B1 noun #2,500 mais comum 10 min de leitura

향상

hyangsang
Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 향상 em 30 segundos
Explicação 향상 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you are just beginning your Korean journey. The word 향상 (hyangsang) might seem a bit difficult right now because it is a formal word. However, it is very useful to know early on. It simply means 'improvement' or 'getting better.' Imagine you are playing a video game and your character levels up. That 'level up' is like 향상. In Korean, we use this word when we talk about our skills getting better. For example, if you study Korean every day, your Korean skill will '향상'. You don't need to use it in complicated sentences yet. Just knowing that it means 'to get better at something' is enough. You might hear your teacher say this word when they are happy with your test scores. They might say your score has '향상' (improved). It is a very positive word. When you see this word, think of an arrow pointing up. It means things are going up in a good way. Practice saying it: hyang-sang. It sounds a bit like 'hang song' but with a 'y' sound. As you learn more Korean, you will use this word to talk about your own progress. For now, just remember: 향상 = improvement = getting better.
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At the A2 level, you can start using 향상 in simple sentences. You know how to talk about your daily life and your studies. 향상 is the perfect word to describe your progress. It means 'improvement' or 'advancement.' You will mostly use it with the verb 되다, which means 'to become.' So, 향상되다 means 'to become improved' or simply 'to improve.' If you want to say 'My Korean improved,' you can say '한국어 실력이 향상되었어요.' Notice that we use the subject particle 이/가 with 향상되다. This is a very common and natural way to speak. You can also use it to talk about other things getting better, like your health or your grades. '성적이 향상되었어요' means 'My grades improved.' It is a great word to use when you want to impress your Korean friends or teachers with your vocabulary. It sounds much more advanced than just saying '좋아졌어요' (it got better). Try to use it when you are talking about your goals. For example, '제 목표는 한국어 실력 향상이에요' (My goal is Korean skill improvement). This shows that you are serious about your studies and that you know how to use formal nouns correctly.
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At the B1 level, 향상 becomes an essential part of your active vocabulary. You are now capable of expressing more complex thoughts and participating in discussions about education, work, and personal development. 향상 (improvement/enhancement) is the exact word you need for these topics. You must now master the distinction between the intransitive 향상되다 (to be improved) and the transitive 향상시키다 (to improve something). This is a critical grammatical point. Use [Noun]이/가 향상되다 when focusing on the result: '기억력이 향상되었어요' (My memory improved). Use [Noun]을/를 향상시키다 when focusing on the action and the agent: '기억력을 향상시키기 위해 책을 읽어요' (I read books to improve my memory). You will also start seeing 향상 used frequently as a standalone noun in compound phrases, such as 실력 향상 (skill improvement), 품질 향상 (quality improvement), and 성적 향상 (grade improvement). These phrases are ubiquitous in Korean society, reflecting the cultural emphasis on continuous betterment. Using these compound nouns makes your Korean sound much more natural and fluent. You should also be aware of its antonyms, such as 저하 (decline) or 하락 (drop), to discuss contrasting situations. Mastering 향상 at this level prepares you for the more formal and academic language required in B2 and beyond.
At the B2 level, your use of 향상 should be precise and nuanced. You are expected to understand its application in professional, academic, and socio-economic contexts. 향상 is not just about personal skills anymore; it is about systemic and qualitative advancements. You will encounter and use phrases like 생산성 향상 (productivity enhancement), 업무 효율성 향상 (improvement of work efficiency), and 국민의 삶의 질 향상 (improvement of the people's quality of life). At this stage, you must be able to distinguish 향상 from its close synonyms like 발전 (development) and 개선 (betterment/reform). Remember that 향상 focuses on elevating an existing quality or metric, whereas 개선 implies fixing a flaw, and 발전 implies broader expansion or evolution. In your writing, particularly for TOPIK II, using 향상시키다 correctly with appropriate objects (e.g., 경쟁력을 향상시키다 - to enhance competitiveness) will significantly elevate the sophistication of your essays. You should also be comfortable reading news articles or reports where 향상 is used to describe economic indicators, technological upgrades, or educational policies. Your ability to comprehend and actively deploy this word in complex sentence structures, such as '기술 혁신을 통해 제품의 품질을 획기적으로 향상시킬 수 있었다' (Through technological innovation, we were able to dramatically improve the product's quality), demonstrates true B2 proficiency.
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At the C1 level, your command of 향상 is expected to be near-native, characterized by effortless integration into highly formal, academic, and professional discourse. You understand that 향상 is a conceptual pillar in Korean societal narratives regarding progress and competitiveness. You can fluently navigate complex collocations and idiomatic usages. You are comfortable discussing abstract concepts, such as 지적 능력의 향상 (enhancement of intellectual capacity) or 국가 브랜드 가치 향상 (elevation of national brand value). At this level, you can critically analyze texts that debate the methods and outcomes of various '향상' initiatives, such as educational reforms aimed at 학업 성취도 향상 (improvement of academic achievement). You can also use the word rhetorically in debates or persuasive writing, arguing for or against policies based on their potential to '향상시키다' certain societal metrics. Furthermore, you understand the subtle register differences; while 향상 is formal, you know exactly when to use it over native Korean equivalents to establish a professional or academic tone. Your writing exhibits complex syntactic structures involving the word, such as '지속적인 연구 개발 투자는 궁극적으로 기업의 글로벌 경쟁력 향상으로 귀결된다' (Continuous investment in R&D ultimately results in the enhancement of a company's global competitiveness).
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At the C2 level, your understanding and application of 향상 are absolute. You perceive the word not merely as a vocabulary item, but as a reflection of the underlying cultural and philosophical paradigms of modern Korea—a society driven by the imperative of upward mobility and relentless optimization. You can dissect complex academic papers, legal documents, and governmental policy briefs where 향상 is utilized to articulate strategic national objectives. You are adept at employing the term in highly specialized fields, whether discussing the '향상' of algorithmic efficiency in computer science, the '향상' of material tensile strength in engineering, or the '향상' of patient survival rates in medicine. You can effortlessly manipulate the word within the most intricate grammatical structures, employing advanced nominalizations and rhetorical devices. You can also critique the societal pressure associated with the constant demand for '향상', engaging in deep sociological discussions about the psychological toll of hyper-competitiveness in Korea. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, characterized by perfect collocation, precise semantic boundary recognition (flawlessly distinguishing it from 발전, 개선, 진보, 도약, etc.), and an intuitive grasp of its sociolinguistic weight.
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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

향상 em 30 segundos

  • Means 'improvement' or 'advancement'.
  • Used heavily for skills, grades, and quality.
  • Combines with 되다 (intransitive) or 시키다 (transitive).
  • Sino-Korean origin: 向 (face) + 上 (up).
The Korean word 향상 (hyangsang) is a fundamental vocabulary item for intermediate learners, classified at the CEFR B1 level. It translates primarily to 'improvement,' 'advancement,' or 'enhancement.' The term is derived from Sino-Korean roots, specifically the Hanja characters 向 (hyang), meaning 'to face' or 'to direct toward,' and 上 (sang), meaning 'up' or 'above.' Therefore, the literal translation of 향상 is 'facing upward' or 'moving upward,' which perfectly encapsulates its figurative meaning of elevating the quality, condition, or skill level of something. In modern Korean society, which places a heavy emphasis on continuous self-improvement, education, and economic development, 향상 is a word you will encounter frequently in both formal and informal contexts. Whether discussing a student's academic grades, a company's product quality, or an individual's language proficiency, 향상 is the go-to noun to describe positive upward movement. Understanding how to use this word correctly will significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in professional and academic settings in Korea. Let us delve deeper into the nuances of this word. When we talk about skill acquisition, such as learning the Korean language, you might hear teachers or peers discussing your 실력 향상 (skill improvement). This collocation is extremely common. Furthermore, in the corporate world, terms like 품질 향상 (quality improvement) and 생산성 향상 (productivity enhancement) are ubiquitous in meetings and reports. The word is most commonly paired with the verbs 되다 (to become) and 시키다 (to make/cause). Thus, 향상되다 means 'to be improved' or 'to improve' (intransitive), while 향상시키다 means 'to improve something' (transitive). It is crucial to distinguish between these two verb forms to avoid grammatical errors. For instance, you would say '실력이 향상되었다' (My skills have improved) but '실력을 향상시켰다' (I improved my skills). The choice between the subject particle 이/가 and the object particle 을/를 dictates which verb form you must use. Let us look at some practical examples to solidify this understanding.

한국어 실력이 크게 향상되었습니다.

제품의 품질 향상을 위해 노력하고 있습니다.

기억력 향상에 좋은 음식입니다.

업무 능률 향상이 목표입니다.

서비스 향상을 약속드립니다.

Literal Meaning
Facing upward (向 + 上)
Core Concept
The process of becoming better at a skill or increasing the quality of an object.
Common Usage
Used heavily in academic, professional, and personal development contexts.
This distinction is vital for achieving fluency. When you read Korean news articles or listen to formal presentations, pay close attention to how 향상 is deployed. It often appears in policy documents, educational brochures, and marketing materials where the goal is to communicate progress and betterment. By mastering this word, you unlock a key piece of vocabulary that resonates deeply with the Korean cultural ethos of relentless progress and dedication to excellence.
Using 향상 correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical flexibility and the specific contexts in which it thrives. As a Sino-Korean noun, it functions primarily as the core subject or object in a sentence regarding improvement. However, its true power in communication is unlocked when it is combined with the auxiliary verbs 되다 (to become) and 시키다 (to make/cause). This transformation from a static noun to a dynamic verb is a hallmark of Korean grammar. Let us explore the intransitive usage first. When you want to express that something has improved on its own, or you are focusing on the result rather than the agent of change, you use 향상되다. The grammatical structure is typically [Noun]이/가 향상되다. For example, '성적이 향상되었다' translates to 'Grades have improved.' Here, the focus is on the grades themselves. This structure is incredibly common in progress reports, self-evaluations, and general observations of positive change. On the other hand, when you want to emphasize the action of improving something—where there is a clear agent causing the improvement—you use the transitive form 향상시키다. The structure changes to [Noun]을/를 향상시키다. For instance, '성적을 향상시켰다' means '(I/Someone) improved the grades.' This form is frequently used in goal-setting, strategic planning, and instructional contexts.

매일 연습하면 실력이 향상될 것입니다.

회사는 직원들의 복지를 향상시키기로 결정했습니다.

이 프로그램은 집중력 향상에 도움을 줍니다.

기술의 향상으로 삶이 편리해졌습니다.

학생들의 독해력 향상을 위한 교재입니다.

Intransitive Form
향상되다 (To be improved) - Used with 이/가
Transitive Form
향상시키다 (To improve something) - Used with 을/를
Noun Modifier
향상된 [Noun] (Improved [Noun]) - e.g., 향상된 기능 (improved features)
Beyond these verb forms, 향상 is also frequently used as a standalone noun in compound noun phrases. Phrases like '실력 향상' (skill improvement), '성적 향상' (grade improvement), and '품질 향상' (quality improvement) act as single conceptual units. In these cases, the particle 의 (of) is often omitted for brevity and natural flow. For example, instead of saying '실력의 향상,' native speakers almost exclusively say '실력 향상.' Understanding these structural nuances allows learners to construct more sophisticated and natural-sounding Korean sentences. It moves the learner away from basic descriptive sentences toward more analytical and professional discourse, which is exactly what is expected at the B1 and B2 proficiency levels.
The word 향상 is ubiquitous in South Korea, a society deeply invested in education, technological advancement, and continuous self-improvement. You will encounter this word across a wide spectrum of daily life, media, and professional environments. One of the most common places you will hear 향상 is in educational settings. From elementary schools to universities, and especially in the intense environment of hagwons (private cram schools), teachers and parents constantly discuss students' 성적 향상 (grade improvement) and 실력 향상 (skill improvement). Report cards, parent-teacher conferences, and educational advertisements are saturated with this term. It represents the ultimate goal of the rigorous Korean education system. Moving into the corporate world, 향상 takes on a slightly different but equally important role. In business meetings, corporate reports, and performance reviews, terms like 업무 능력 향상 (work ability improvement), 생산성 향상 (productivity enhancement), and 품질 향상 (quality improvement) are standard vocabulary. Companies are always striving for the next level of efficiency and excellence, and 향상 is the word used to articulate these goals.

학원 광고: 단기간에 토익 점수 향상 보장!

회사 회의: 이번 분기에는 고객 서비스 향상에 집중합시다.

뉴스 보도: 수출 경쟁력 향상을 위한 정부의 지원이 확대됩니다.

건강 프로그램: 면역력 향상에 도움이 되는 운동법을 소개합니다.

소프트웨어 업데이트: 시스템 안정성 및 성능 향상이 포함되어 있습니다.

Education
Used to describe academic progress and skill acquisition.
Business
Used for productivity, quality control, and performance metrics.
Technology
Appears in patch notes and product descriptions denoting upgrades.
Furthermore, the word frequently appears in government policies and news broadcasts. Politicians and news anchors discuss 국가 경쟁력 향상 (improvement of national competitiveness) or 국민 삶의 질 향상 (improvement of the people's quality of life). In the realm of personal health and wellness, which has seen a massive boom in Korea, products and services are marketed with promises of 체력 향상 (physical stamina improvement) or 집중력 향상 (concentration improvement). Even in everyday casual conversations among adults, discussing self-improvement endeavors like learning a new language, taking up a new hobby, or exercising will naturally invite the use of 향상. Therefore, mastering this word is not just about passing a language test; it is about gaining the vocabulary necessary to participate in the core conversations that drive Korean society forward. Recognizing its presence in these diverse contexts will help you understand the cultural values embedded in the language.
While 향상 is a highly useful word, learners frequently make specific errors when attempting to integrate it into their Korean sentences. These mistakes usually stem from a misunderstanding of its grammatical constraints, its specific nuances compared to similar words, or incorrect particle usage. The most prevalent mistake is confusing the intransitive and transitive verb forms: 향상되다 and 향상시키다. English speakers often use 'improve' for both ('My Korean improved' vs. 'I improved my Korean'). In Korean, this distinction is strictly enforced. Saying '한국어 실력을 향상되었어요' is grammatically incorrect because the object particle 을/를 cannot be used with the passive/intransitive 되다. The correct forms are '한국어 실력이 향상되었어요' (My Korean skills improved) or '한국어 실력을 향상시켰어요' (I improved my Korean skills). Another common error is using 향상 in contexts where words like 발전 (development) or 개선 (betterment/fixing) would be more appropriate. 향상 implies an upward movement in quality, skill, or level. It is not typically used for the physical expansion of a city (which would be 발전) or fixing a broken system or bad habit (which would be 개선).

Incorrect: 성적을 향상되었어요. -> Correct: 성적이 향상되었어요.

Incorrect: 도시가 많이 향상했어요. -> Correct: 도시가 많이 발전했어요.

Incorrect: 나쁜 버릇을 향상시켰어요. -> Correct: 나쁜 버릇을 고쳤어요/개선했어요.

Incorrect: 병이 향상되었어요. -> Correct: 병이 호전되었어요 / 나아졌어요.

Incorrect: 실력을 향상하다. -> Correct: 실력을 향상시키다.

Particle Error
Mixing up 이/가 with 을/를 when using 되다 vs 시키다.
Context Error
Using 향상 for physical growth, fixing negatives, or recovering from illness.
Verb Error
Attempting to use 향상하다 instead of the standard 향상시키다 for the transitive form.
Furthermore, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation, over-enunciating the 'h' sound or failing to connect the syllables smoothly. The 'ㅇ' batchim in '향' must transition cleanly into the 'ㅅ' of '상'. Practicing the word in common collocations, rather than in isolation, helps mitigate these errors. Instead of just memorizing the word '향상', memorize the chunks '실력이 향상되다' and '품질을 향상시키다'. This chunking method ensures that you automatically retrieve the correct particles and verb endings when speaking or writing, bypassing the mental translation process that often leads to these common grammatical pitfalls. By being mindful of these specific boundaries and structural rules, you can use 향상 with the confidence and precision of an advanced speaker.
To truly master Korean vocabulary, one must understand not just a word in isolation, but its place within a web of synonyms and related concepts. 향상 (improvement/advancement) shares semantic space with several other important Sino-Korean words, most notably 발전 (development), 개선 (improvement/betterment), 진보 (progress), and 성장 (growth). While they all describe positive change, their specific applications differ significantly. Understanding these nuances is crucial for precise communication, especially in formal writing and TOPIK exams. 발전 (bal-jeon) is perhaps the most common synonym. It means 'development' or 'advancement' and is generally broader than 향상. While 향상 focuses on the elevation of a specific quality or skill (like a grade or product quality), 발전 is used for the overall growth or evolution of a larger entity, such as a country, a city, a technology, or an industry (e.g., 국가 발전 - national development). 개선 (gae-seon) translates to 'improvement' or 'betterment,' but it carries the specific nuance of fixing something that was previously flawed, inefficient, or problematic. You use 개선 when correcting a bad system, a poor working environment, or a negative habit (e.g., 제도 개선 - system improvement).

실력 향상 (Skill improvement - elevating an existing ability)

경제 발전 (Economic development - broad growth and expansion)

환경 개선 (Environmental improvement - fixing a bad environment)

과학의 진보 (Scientific progress - moving forward in history)

아이의 성장 (A child's growth - physical or mental maturation)

발전 (Development)
Broad expansion and evolution of systems, societies, or technologies.
개선 (Betterment)
Fixing or reforming something that is currently flawed or negative.
성장 (Growth)
Physical, economic, or personal maturation and increase in size or capacity.
성장 (seong-jang) means 'growth' and is primarily used for living things (children, plants) or economic indicators (economic growth). It implies an increase in size, maturity, or scale. 진보 (jin-bo) means 'progress' or 'advance,' often used in historical, scientific, or political contexts to denote moving forward toward a more advanced state. By categorizing these words mentally—향상 for skills/quality, 발전 for broad development, 개선 for fixing flaws, 성장 for organic growth, and 진보 for historical/scientific progress—you can select the exact word needed to convey your precise meaning. This level of vocabulary differentiation is a hallmark of an advanced Korean speaker and is heavily tested in the reading and writing sections of proficiency exams. Practice substituting these words in different sentences to feel the subtle shifts in meaning and tone they create.

How Formal Is It?

Nível de dificuldade

Gramática essencial

Passive vs. Causative Verbs (되다 vs. 시키다)

Noun Modifying Form (향상된 + Noun)

Purpose Clauses (-기 위해 used with 향상: 향상을 위해)

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Exemplos por nível

1

한국어 실력이 향상되었어요.

Korean skill improved.

Subject + 이/가 + 향상되다

2

성적이 향상되었습니다.

Grades have improved.

Formal ending -ㅂ니다

3

기분이 향상되었어요.

Mood improved. (Less common, but understandable)

Past tense -었/았어요

4

건강이 향상되었어요.

Health improved.

Subject particle 이

5

실력 향상을 원해요.

I want skill improvement.

Noun + 을/를 원하다

6

매일 공부하면 향상돼요.

If you study every day, it improves.

Conditional -면

7

발음이 향상되었어요.

Pronunciation improved.

Subject particle 이

8

기억력이 향상되었어요.

Memory improved.

Subject particle 이

1

열심히 연습해서 피아노 실력이 많이 향상되었어요.

I practiced hard, so my piano skills improved a lot.

Reason -아/어서

2

이 책을 읽으면 어휘력이 향상될 거예요.

If you read this book, your vocabulary will improve.

Future tense -ㄹ 거예요

3

수면은 집중력 향상에 좋습니다.

Sleep is good for improving concentration.

Noun + 에 좋다

4

운동을 꾸준히 해서 체력을 향상시켰어요.

I exercised consistently and improved my stamina.

Transitive verb 향상시키다

5

다음 시험에서는 성적을 향상시키고 싶어요.

I want to improve my grades on the next exam.

Desire -고 싶다

6

서비스 향상을 위해 노력하겠습니다.

We will make efforts to improve our service.

Purpose -기 위해

7

영어 듣기 능력이 크게 향상되었습니다.

My English listening ability has greatly improved.

Adverb 크게 (greatly)

8

컴퓨터 성능이 향상되어서 속도가 빨라요.

The computer's performance improved, so the speed is fast.

Reason -아/어서

1

기업들은 제품의 품질 향상을 위해 연구 개발에 투자하고 있습니다.

Companies are investing in R&D to improve product quality.

Present progressive -고 있다

2

독서는 논리적 사고력 향상에 큰 도움이 됩니다.

Reading is very helpful for improving logical thinking skills.

Noun + 에 도움이 되다

3

정부는 국민의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 새로운 정책을 발표했습니다.

The government announced a new policy to improve the people's quality of life.

Noun modifier -을/를 위한

4

직원들의 업무 능률을 향상시키기 위해 쾌적한 근무 환경을 조성해야 합니다.

To improve employees' work efficiency, a pleasant work environment must be created.

Obligation -아/어야 하다

5

꾸준한 자기계발은 개인의 경쟁력 향상으로 이어집니다.

Consistent self-development leads to the improvement of personal competitiveness.

Result -으로 이어지다

6

이번 연수를 통해 전문 지식이 한층 더 향상된 것을 느낄 수 있었습니다.

Through this training, I could feel that my professional knowledge had improved even further.

Ability -ㄹ 수 있다

7

고객의 피드백을 수용하여 서비스 품질을 향상시킬 계획입니다.

We plan to improve service quality by accepting customer feedback.

Plan -ㄹ 계획이다

8

기술의 비약적인 향상으로 인해 우리의 일상생활이 매우 편리해졌습니다.

Due to the rapid improvement of technology, our daily lives have become very convenient.

Cause -으로 인해

1

해당 소프트웨어 업데이트는 시스템의 전반적인 안정성 및 보안성 향상에 중점을 두었습니다.

The software update focused on improving the overall stability and security of the system.

Noun + 에 중점을 두다

2

노사 양측은 생산성 향상과 근로 조건 개선이라는 두 가지 목표를 동시에 달성하기 위해 합의했습니다.

Both labor and management agreed to achieve the dual goals of productivity enhancement and working condition improvement simultaneously.

Apposition -이라는

3

외국어 학습에 있어서 몰입 환경의 조성은 유창성 향상에 결정적인 역할을 합니다.

In learning a foreign language, creating an immersive environment plays a crucial role in improving fluency.

Role -역할을 하다

4

농업 기술의 향상은 식량 생산량을 증대시켜 기아 문제 해결에 기여할 수 있습니다.

The improvement of agricultural technology can increase food production and contribute to solving the hunger problem.

Contribution -에 기여하다

5

인지 행동 치료는 우울증 환자의 증상 완화 및 삶의 질 향상에 효과적인 것으로 입증되었습니다.

Cognitive behavioral therapy has been proven effective in alleviating symptoms and improving the quality of life for depression patients.

Passive -것으로 입증되다

6

기업의 사회적 책임(CSR) 활동은 장기적으로 기업 이미지 향상과 이윤 창출에 긍정적인 영향을 미칩니다.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities have a positive impact on improving corporate image and generating profit in the long run.

Impact -에 영향을 미치다

7

교통 인프라의 확충은 지역 주민들의 이동 편의성 향상뿐만 아니라 지역 경제 활성화에도 기여합니다.

The expansion of transportation infrastructure contributes not only to improving the mobility convenience of local residents but also to revitalizing the local economy.

Not only A but also B -뿐만 아니라

8

데이터 분석 역량의 향상은 현대 비즈니스 환경에서 기업이 경쟁 우위를 확보하기 위한 필수적인 요소입니다.

The improvement of data analysis capabilities is an essential element for companies to secure a competitive advantage in the modern business environment.

Essential element -필수적인 요소이다

1

인공지능 알고리즘의 고도화는 데이터 처리 속도의 비약적인 향상을 가져왔으며, 이는 산업 전반의 패러다임 변화를 촉발하고 있다.

The advancement of AI algorithms has brought about a dramatic improvement in data processing speed, which is triggering a paradigm shift across all industries.

Result -을/를 가져오다

2

해당 정책의 실효성을 담보하기 위해서는 단순한 예산 증액을 넘어, 현장 인력의 전문성 향상을 위한 체계적인 연수 프로그램이 수반되어야 한다.

To guarantee the effectiveness of the policy, beyond simple budget increases, a systematic training program for improving the professionalism of field personnel must be accompanied.

Necessity -이/가 수반되어야 한다

3

신소재의 개발은 기존 배터리의 에너지 밀도 한계를 극복하고, 전기차의 주행 거리 향상이라는 가시적인 성과로 이어졌다.

The development of new materials overcame the energy density limits of existing batteries and led to the tangible achievement of improving the driving range of electric vehicles.

Result -으로 이어지다

4

문화 예술 교육의 확대는 개인의 심미적 감수성 향상뿐만 아니라, 사회 전체의 창의적 역량을 배양하는 데 핵심적인 기제를 제공한다.

The expansion of arts and culture education provides a core mechanism not only for improving individual aesthetic sensibility but also for cultivating the creative capacity of society as a whole.

Mechanism -기제를 제공하다

5

기업 지배 구조의 투명성 향상은 외국인 투자를 유치하고 자본 시장의 신뢰도를 제고하는 데 있어 선결되어야 할 과제이다.

Improving the transparency of corporate governance is a prerequisite task for attracting foreign investment and enhancing the reliability of the capital market.

Prerequisite -선결되어야 할 과제이다

6

초고령 사회로의 진입에 대비하여, 노인 복지 인프라의 양적 확충과 더불어 서비스 질의 질적 향상이 시급히 요구되는 시점이다.

In preparation for entering a super-aged society, it is a time when the qualitative improvement of service quality, along with the quantitative expansion of elderly welfare infrastructure, is urgently required.

Urgency -시급히 요구되다

7

다국적 기업들은 글로벌 공급망의 효율성 향상을 도모하기 위해 블록체인 기술을 적극적으로 도입하고 있는 추세이다.

Multinational corporations are actively adopting blockchain technology to promote the improvement of the efficiency of their global supply chains.

Trend -고 있는 추세이다

8

기초 과학 분야에 대한 장기적이고 안정적인 지원이야말로 국가의 원천 기술 확보 및 장기적인 국가 경쟁력 향상의 첩경이다.

Long-term and stable support for basic science fields is the very shortcut to securing the nation's core technologies and improving long-term national competitiveness.

Emphasis -이야말로 ... 첩경이다

1

담론의 수준을 한 차원 격상시키기 위해서는, 참여자들의 비판적 사고력 향상을 전제로 한 숙의 민주주의 제도의 정착이 요망된다.

To elevate the level of discourse to the next dimension, the establishment of a deliberative democracy system predicated on the improvement of participants' critical thinking skills is desired.

Prerequisite -을/를 전제로 한

2

해당 문학 작품은 인간 심연에 대한 통찰을 통해 독자의 도덕적 감수성 향상에 기여한다는 점에서 문학사적 의의를 지닌다.

The literary work holds significance in literary history in that it contributes to the improvement of the reader's moral sensibility through insight into the human abyss.

Significance -다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다

3

거시 경제 지표의 호조에도 불구하고, 체감 경기의 향상이 지연되고 있는 현상은 부의 양극화 심화라는 구조적 모순에 기인한다.

Despite the favorable macroeconomic indicators, the phenomenon where the improvement of the perceived economy is delayed is attributed to the structural contradiction of the deepening polarization of wealth.

Attribution -에 기인하다

4

유전체 편집 기술의 정교함 향상은 난치성 유전 질환의 근본적인 치료 가능성을 열어주었으나, 동시에 심각한 생명 윤리적 난제를 파생시켰다.

The improvement in the sophistication of genome editing technology has opened up the possibility of fundamental treatment for intractable genetic diseases, but at the same time, it has spawned serious bioethical dilemmas.

Contrast -았/었으나

5

행정 절차의 간소화 및 규제 혁파는 공공 부문의 효율성 향상을 견인하는 핵심 동력으로 작용해야 마땅하다.

The simplification of administrative procedures and the abolition of regulations must rightly act as the core driving force driving the improvement of efficiency in the public sector.

Obligation -해야 마땅하다

6

기후 변화 대응을 위한 국제 사회의 공조는 자국 이기주의를 탈피하고 전 지구적 차원의 지속 가능성 향상을 도모하는 방향으로 선회해야 한다.

The international community's cooperation to respond to climate change must pivot towards a direction that breaks away from national egoism and promotes the improvement of sustainability at a global level.

Direction -방향으로 선회하다

7

양자 컴퓨터의 연산 능력 향상은 기존 암호 체계의 무력화를 초래할 수 있으므로, 포스트 양자 암호 기술의 선제적 개발이 시급하다.

Since the improvement of quantum computers' computing power can lead to the neutralization of existing cryptographic systems, the preemptive development of post-quantum cryptographic technology is urgent.

Cause/Reason -으므로

8

도시 재생 사업은 물리적 환경의 개선을 넘어, 지역 공동체의 사회적 자본 확충 및 주민 삶의 질의 총체적 향상을 지향해야 한다.

Urban regeneration projects must aim for the comprehensive improvement of residents' quality of life and the expansion of the local community's social capital, beyond the improvement of the physical environment.

Aim -을/를 지향해야 한다

Antônimos

저하 퇴보

Colocações comuns

실력 향상 (skill improvement)
성적 향상 (grade improvement)
품질 향상 (quality improvement)
생산성 향상 (productivity enhancement)
능률 향상 (efficiency improvement)
향상되다 (to be improved)
향상시키다 (to improve something)
크게 향상되다 (to improve greatly)
질적 향상 (qualitative improvement)
서비스 향상 (service improvement)

Frases Comuns

실력이 향상되다 (Skills improve)
성적을 향상시키다 (Improve grades)
품질 향상을 위해 (For the sake of quality improvement)
업무 능력 향상 (Improvement of work ability)
삶의 질 향상 (Improvement of quality of life)
기억력 향상에 좋다 (Good for memory improvement)
집중력 향상 (Concentration improvement)
성능이 향상되다 (Performance is improved)
건강 향상 (Health improvement)
경쟁력 향상 (Competitiveness enhancement)

Frequentemente confundido com

향상 vs 발전 (Development - broader scope, often used for cities, countries, or abstract concepts)

향상 vs 개선 (Betterment - implies fixing something that was broken or bad)

향상 vs 증가 (Increase - purely quantitative, like numbers or amounts, whereas 향상 is qualitative)

Expressões idiomáticas

"일취월장 (Daily progress and monthly advance - Idiom closely related to rapid 향상)"
"괄목상대 (To rub one's eyes and look at someone - meaning someone has improved so much you can't believe it)"
"청출어람 (The student becomes better than the master - related to skill 향상)"
"일신우일신 (Making progress day by day)"
"승승장구 (Riding a winning streak - related to continuous upward progress)"
"환골탈태 (To shed one's old bones - a complete transformation/improvement)"
"파죽지세 (Like splitting bamboo - unstoppable progress)"
"비약적 향상 (A leap forward in improvement)"
"눈부신 향상 (Dazzling improvement)"
"꾸준한 향상 (Steady improvement)"

Fácil de confundir

향상 vs

향상 vs

Padrões de frases

Cadastre-se grátis para ver todos os exemplos

Como usar

note

While 향상 is generally positive, it can be used in a neutral, objective sense in scientific or economic reports to describe an upward trend in data.

Erros comuns
  • → 한국어 실력이 향상되었어요.

    You cannot use the object particle 을/를 with the intransitive verb 되다. Use the subject particle 이/가.

  • → 나쁜 습관을 개선했어요 / 고쳤어요.

    향상 is used for elevating positive qualities, not for fixing negative habits. Use 개선 (betterment) or 고치다 (to fix).

  • → 키가 많이 컸어요 / 성장했어요.

    향상 is not used for physical growth. Use 크다 (to grow big) or 성장하다 (to grow/mature).

  • → 인구가 증가했습니다.

    For purely quantitative increases like population, use 증가 (increase), not 향상 (qualitative improvement).

  • → 실력이 향상됐어요.

    Pronunciation error. 항상 means 'always'. You must pronounce the 'y' sound: 향상 (hyangsang).

Dicas

되다 vs 시키다

This is the golden rule for 향상. Memorize the pairs: [Noun]이/가 향상되다 (Subject improves). [Noun]을/를 향상시키다 (Object is improved by someone). Mixing up the particles and verbs is the #1 mistake learners make. Practice writing five sentences using each form to lock it in.

Chunking Strategy

Don't memorize 향상 alone. Memorize it in chunks: 실력 향상 (skill improvement), 성적 향상 (grade improvement), 품질 향상 (quality improvement). Native speakers use these exact combinations constantly. By learning the chunks, you speak faster and sound more natural.

Don't say 'Always'

Be very careful not to pronounce 향상 (hyangsang) as 항상 (hangsang). 항상 means 'always'. The 'y' sound in 향 is crucial. If you say '실력이 항상됐어요', it makes no sense ('My skills always-ed'). Exaggerate the 'y' sound when practicing.

TOPIK II Secret Weapon

If you are taking the TOPIK II exam, replace simple verbs like '좋아지다' (to get better) or '늘다' (to increase/improve) with '향상되다' or '향상시키다' in your essay (Question 54). This instantly demonstrates B1/B2 vocabulary proficiency and will raise your score.

Not for Fixing

Remember that 향상 is for making good things better. If you are talking about fixing a bad habit, a broken system, or a polluted environment, use 개선 (betterment/reform) instead. 향상 implies an upward trajectory from an already acceptable baseline.

News Broadcast Cue

When listening to Korean news, if you hear words like '정부' (government), '기업' (company), or '교육' (education), be prepared to hear 향상. It is the standard buzzword for announcing new policies or achievements. Listen for the noun that comes right before it.

The 'For the sake of' Pattern

A very common sentence pattern is '[Noun] 향상을 위해' (For the improvement of [Noun]). For example, '건강 향상을 위해 운동해요' (I exercise for the improvement of my health). This is a highly versatile structure you can use in daily conversation.

Qualitative vs Quantitative

Use 향상 when the *quality* or *level* is going up. If only the *amount* or *number* is going up (like the price of apples or the number of people), use 증가 (increase) or 상승 (rise). 향상 always carries the nuance of 'better', not just 'more'.

The Hagwon Buzzword

If you walk down a street in Korea with many Hagwons (cram schools), look at the banners. You will see '성적 향상' (Grade Improvement) written everywhere. It is the ultimate promise of the Korean private education industry. Recognizing it helps you read street signs.

Using Noun Modifiers

To sound very advanced, use 향상된 as an adjective modifying another noun. For example, '향상된 기능' (improved features) or '향상된 서비스' (improved service). This is much more elegant than saying '기능이 향상되었어요' in formal writing.

Memorize

Mnemônico

Imagine you are HANGing (향) a sign that says SANG (상 - sounds like 'song') high UP on a wall. You are IMPROVING the room's appearance by facing it upward.

Origem da palavra

Sino-Korean

Contexto cultural

Hagwons (cram schools) base their entire marketing strategy on the promise of '단기간 성적 향상' (short-term grade improvement).

In Korean companies, '업무 능력 향상' (improving work ability) is a standard metric for promotions and bonuses.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"한국어 실력 향상을 위해 어떤 공부를 하고 있나요? (What kind of studying are you doing to improve your Korean skills?)"

"요즘 건강 향상을 위해 운동을 시작했어요. (I started exercising recently to improve my health.)"

"어떻게 하면 집중력을 향상시킬 수 있을까요? (How can I improve my concentration?)"

"올해 가장 향상시키고 싶은 능력은 무엇인가요? (What ability do you want to improve the most this year?)"

"최근에 성적이 많이 향상되어서 기뻐요. (I'm happy because my grades have improved a lot recently.)"

Temas para diário

Write about a specific skill you have improved recently and how you achieved that 향상.

Describe a product or service that needs 품질 향상 (quality improvement) and explain why.

What are your goals for 한국어 실력 향상 (Korean skill improvement) this year?

Reflect on a time when your efforts did not lead to the 향상 you expected.

How does the Korean emphasis on continuous 향상 compare to the culture in your home country?

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

향상 focuses on the improvement of a specific quality, skill, or level (e.g., grades, product quality). 발전 refers to broader development, expansion, or evolution (e.g., economic development, city development). You improve (향상) your Korean skills, but a country develops (발전). Using them interchangeably can sound unnatural. Think of 향상 as 'leveling up' a specific stat, and 발전 as 'leveling up' the whole system.

Technically, '향상하다' is in the dictionary and can be used as both an intransitive and transitive verb. However, in modern everyday Korean, native speakers overwhelmingly prefer '향상되다' for the intransitive (to be improved) and '향상시키다' for the transitive (to improve something). Sticking to 되다/시키다 will make your Korean sound much more natural and precise. Avoid using 향상하다 unless you are reading older texts.

Korean corporate culture is highly competitive and heavily focused on continuous optimization and efficiency. The word 향상 perfectly encapsulates this drive. Whether it's '생산성 향상' (productivity improvement) or '품질 향상' (quality improvement), the word is a staple in setting goals and reporting progress. It shows a proactive attitude towards making things better, which is highly valued in the Korean workplace.

Yes, 향상 is inherently positive because it means moving upward to a better state. You cannot use it for negative things getting worse. For example, you cannot say 'My illness improved' using 향상 (you would use 호전되다). You also wouldn't say 'My bad habits improved' using 향상 (you would use 개선되다 to mean they were fixed). 향상 is reserved for good qualities getting even better.

Pronounce it as 'hyang-sang'. The key is the 'y' sound in the first syllable. Do not say 'hang-sang', as that sounds like 항상 (always). Also, ensure the 'ng' sound (ㅇ batchim) at the end of 'hyang' is clear before you start the 's' sound of 'sang'. Practice saying it slowly: hyang... sang, then speed it up smoothly.

No, 향상 is not used for physical, organic growth. For a child growing taller or a plant growing, you must use the word 성장 (growth). 향상 is used for abstract qualities, skills, abilities, or the performance/quality of objects. You can say a child's 'intelligence' (지능) 향상, but not their physical height.

If you use the intransitive verb 향상되다 (to be improved), use the subject particles 이/가 (e.g., 실력이 향상되다). If you use the transitive verb 향상시키다 (to improve something), use the object particles 을/를 (e.g., 실력을 향상시키다). When using it as a compound noun (e.g., 실력 향상), you often don't need a particle between the two nouns.

The most common antonyms are 저하 (decline/fall) and 하락 (drop). For example, if your grades go down, you can say '성적이 저하되었다' or '성적이 하락했다'. Another opposite concept is 퇴보 (regression), which means moving backward instead of forward. Knowing these antonyms helps you express contrasting ideas clearly.

Yes, 향상 is a Sino-Korean word, which generally gives it a slightly formal or academic tone compared to native Korean phrases like '좋아지다' (to get better) or '늘다' (to increase/improve, usually for skills). However, it is so common that it is used in everyday conversation when discussing serious topics like studying, working, or health. It is essential for TOPIK writing.

While you can say a score (점수) 향상, if you are talking purely about the quantity or amount of something increasing (like population or price), you should use 증가 (increase) or 상승 (rise). 향상 implies a qualitative improvement, even if a number (like a test score) is used to measure that quality. If the focus is just on the number going up, 상승 is better.

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/ 180 correct

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