구술하다 em 30 segundos
- To state or express something verbally.
- Emphasizes speaking out loud in a structured way.
- Used in exams, presentations, and formal settings.
- Distinct from casual speech.
Understanding '구술하다' (Gusulhada)
The Korean verb 구술하다 (gusulhada) translates to 'to state orally' or 'to express something verbally'. It emphasizes the act of speaking out loud, often in a structured or formal manner, as opposed to writing or thinking internally. This word is particularly useful when discussing situations where information needs to be conveyed through speech, such as in presentations, interviews, or examinations.
- Core Meaning
- To speak out loud; to articulate words verbally.
- Usage Contexts
- Commonly used in academic settings (oral exams), professional environments (presentations, interviews), and formal discussions where spoken articulation is key. It can also refer to the act of dictating something to be written down.
The student was asked to 구술하다 the answer during the oral examination.
Think of '구술하다' as the act of giving voice to your thoughts or knowledge. It's about the performance of speaking. For instance, if a teacher asks you to verbally explain a concept, you are expected to '구술하다' it. Similarly, in a job interview, you '구술하다' your qualifications and experiences. The word implies a conscious effort to articulate and convey information through spoken language, often requiring clarity and precision.
- Nuance
- It often implies a degree of formality or a specific purpose for the oral expression. It's not just casual chatting; it's more about presenting or explaining information verbally.
- Related Concepts
- Oral exams, presentations, interviews, dictation, verbal explanations, public speaking.
The witness was asked to 구술하다 their testimony to the court reporter.
In essence, '구술하다' is about the act of oral delivery of information, whether it's an answer, a story, a presentation, or a dictated text. It's a crucial verb for describing situations where speaking is the primary mode of communication and expression.
Putting '구술하다' into Practice
Mastering '구술하다' (gusulhada) involves understanding its grammatical structure and common sentence patterns. As a verb, it conjugates like other Korean verbs. The base form is '구술하다', and its common conjugated forms include '구술해요' (gusulhaeyo - polite informal), '구술합니다' (gusulhamnida - formal polite), and '구술했다' (gusulhaetda - past tense).
- Basic Sentence Structure
- Subject + [Object] + 구술하다 (conjugated).
- Example with Subject
- 저는 제 생각을 구술했습니다. (I stated my thoughts orally.)
- Example with Object (what is being spoken)
- 그는 회의에서 자신의 계획을 구술해야 했다. (He had to express his plan orally at the meeting.)
The professor asked the students to 구술하다 the historical facts.
When '구술하다' is used, it often implies that the spoken words are significant, perhaps requiring preparation or a certain level of accuracy. It's not typically used for casual conversation like '안녕하세요' (hello) or '감사합니다' (thank you), but rather for more substantial verbal output.
- Common Verb Endings
- -구술하다 (base form)
-구술해요 (polite informal present)
-구술합니다 (formal polite present)
-구술했어요 (polite informal past)
-구술했습니다 (formal polite past)
-구술할 것이다 (future tense)
In the next session, you will 구술하다 your presentation.
Consider the context carefully. If someone is being asked to recite a poem or a speech, they are performing an act of '구술하다'. If a patient is describing their symptoms to a doctor, they are also '구술하다' their condition. The verb emphasizes the act of verbal articulation of information.
- Using with Particles
- The object of '구술하다' is usually marked with the object particle '을/를' (eul/reul). For example, '답을 구술하다' (to state the answer orally).
- Common Sentence Structures
- - [Person]은/는 [Content]을/를 구술하다. (Subject expresses Object orally.)
- [Person]에게 [Content]을/를 구술하다. (Subject expresses Object orally to someone.)
- [Situation]에서 구술하다. (To express orally in a situation.)
Real-World Usage of '구술하다'
You'll encounter '구술하다' (gusulhada) most frequently in contexts that specifically require or emphasize oral communication, especially in formal or academic settings. It's a word that signals a deliberate act of speaking information aloud.
- Academic Settings
- The most common place to hear '구술하다' is in relation to oral examinations or presentations. Students are often required to '구술하다' their answers or their research findings. For example, a university professor might say, "다음 주에 여러분은 배운 내용을 구술해야 합니다." (Next week, you will have to state what you have learned orally.)
- Job Interviews
- In a job interview, candidates are expected to '구술하다' their skills, experiences, and suitability for the role. The interviewer might ask, "당신의 강점을 구술해 보시겠어요?" (Could you express your strengths orally?)
- Legal and Official Proceedings
- In courtrooms or official hearings, witnesses or individuals may be asked to '구술하다' their statements or testimonies. This is often done for the record, ensuring that the spoken word is captured accurately. A judge might instruct, "증인은 사실 관계를 명확하게 구술해 주십시오." (Witness, please state the facts clearly orally.)
The patient was asked to 구술하다 their symptoms to the doctor.
- Language Learning
- In language learning contexts, especially when practicing speaking skills, instructors might encourage students to '구술하다' their thoughts or responses rather than just writing them. This emphasizes the active use of spoken language.
- Dictation
- The act of dictating, where someone speaks words for another person to write down, is also a form of '구술하다'. For instance, a writer might ask their assistant to listen and transcribe as they '구술하다' their next chapter.
The historian was invited to 구술하다 the events of the war for a documentary.
Avoiding Pitfalls with '구술하다'
Learners of Korean often make mistakes with '구술하다' (gusulhada) by either overusing it in casual contexts or confusing it with more general terms for speaking. Understanding its specific nuance is key to using it correctly.
- Mistake 1: Confusing with '말하다' (malhada)
- '말하다' is the general verb for 'to speak' or 'to say'. '구술하다' is more specific, implying a formal or structured oral expression. Using '구술하다' for a simple greeting like "안녕" (hi) would be incorrect. For example, saying "저는 친구에게 안녕을 구술했어요" (I spoke 'hi' to my friend orally) is unnatural. The correct verb here would be '말했어요'.
- Mistake 2: Overusing in Casual Conversation
- '구술하다' is not typically used for everyday, informal conversations. If you're just chatting with friends, you'd use verbs like '이야기하다' (to talk) or '말하다'. Saying something like "우리는 어제 저녁 식사를 같이 구술했어요" (We expressed dinner together orally yesterday) is very strange. The natural way to say this would be "우리는 어제 저녁 식사를 같이 했어요" (We had dinner together yesterday) or "우리는 어제 저녁 식사를 하면서 이야기를 나눴어요" (We talked while having dinner yesterday).
- Mistake 3: Incorrect Conjugation
- Like any verb, '구술하다' needs to be conjugated correctly based on tense, politeness level, and sentence structure. Forgetting to conjugate or using the wrong ending can lead to grammatical errors. For example, using the base form "저는 발표를 구술하다" (I to state the presentation orally) instead of a conjugated form like "저는 발표를 구술했어요" (I stated the presentation orally) is a common mistake.
Incorrect: I orally said hello to my friend. (나는 친구에게 안녕하세요를 구술했다.)
Correct: I said hello to my friend. (나는 친구에게 안녕하세요라고 말했다.)
- Mistake 4: Using it for internal thoughts
- '구술하다' specifically refers to expressing something *out loud*. It cannot be used for thinking or formulating ideas internally. For example, you cannot say "저는 제 생각을 마음속으로 구술했어요" (I orally expressed my thoughts in my mind). For internal thoughts, you would use verbs like '생각하다' (to think) or '고민하다' (to ponder).
- Mistake 5: Misunderstanding the 'object' of 구술하다
- While you can '구술하다' a specific piece of information (like an answer or a report), it's not always about speaking a single word or phrase. It's about conveying a message or content. For example, you might '구술하다' a story, a presentation, or a testimony. Saying "저는 그의 이름을 구술했어요" (I orally expressed his name) is not wrong, but it's more common and natural to say "저는 그의 이름을 말했어요" (I said his name) unless there's a specific context of formal recitation.
Finding the Right Word: Alternatives to '구술하다'
While '구술하다' (gusulhada) is specific, Korean offers several other verbs related to speaking and expressing. Choosing the right one depends heavily on the context, formality, and nuance you wish to convey.
- 1. 말하다 (malhada) - To speak, to say
- This is the most general verb for speaking. It can be used in almost any situation, from casual conversation to formal speeches.
Usage: Covers a wide range.
Example: "그는 자신의 의견을 말했다." (He stated his opinion.)
Comparison: '구술하다' is more specific to formal or structured oral expression, whereas '말하다' is broader. - 2. 이야기하다 (iyagihada) - To talk, to chat
- This verb implies a more relaxed, conversational tone. It's used for discussions, storytelling, or casual chats.
Usage: Informal to neutral conversations.
Example: "우리는 밤새도록 이야기했다." (We talked all night.)
Comparison: '구술하다' is formal and structured; '이야기하다' is informal and conversational. - 3. 대답하다 (daedapada) - To answer
- This verb specifically refers to responding to a question or prompt. While an answer is often spoken, the focus is on the response itself.
Usage: Responding to questions.
Example: "그는 질문에 대답했다." (He answered the question.)
Comparison: '구술하다' can be used to express an answer orally, but '대답하다' focuses solely on the act of answering, regardless of whether it's spoken or written (though typically spoken in context).
Context: A student is asked to explain a historical event.
Using '구술하다': 학생은 역사적 사건을 구술했다. (The student expressed the historical event orally.) - Emphasizes the formal, structured delivery.
Using '말하다': 학생은 역사적 사건을 말했다. (The student spoke about the historical event.) - More general.
- 4. 발표하다 (balpyohada) - To present
- This verb means 'to present' or 'to announce', typically in a formal setting like a conference, class, or meeting. A presentation inherently involves speaking.
Usage: Formal presentations.
Example: "그녀는 연구 결과를 발표했다." (She presented her research findings.)
Comparison: '구술하다' is the act of speaking the content, while '발표하다' is the overall act of delivering a presentation. - 5. 진술하다 (jinsulhada) - To state, to testify
- This verb is used in formal contexts, especially legal or official ones, to mean 'to state' or 'to testify'. It implies a formal declaration of facts.
Usage: Formal declarations, legal testimony.
Example: "증인은 사건의 전말을 진술했다." (The witness stated the full story of the incident.)
Comparison: '구술하다' can be used to orally deliver a statement or testimony, but '진술하다' specifically refers to the act of stating facts in a formal manner.
How Formal Is It?
Curiosidade
The character '述' (sul) itself has an interesting etymology. It is composed of '辵' (chok, meaning 'to walk') and '朮' (chul, meaning 'millet' or 'to cultivate'). The combination suggests the idea of 'walking and narrating' or 'cultivating and expressing', implying a gradual and deliberate process of communication.
Guia de pronúncia
- Pronouncing '구' (gu) too short.
- Making the 'l' sound in '술' (sul) too hard or too soft.
- Pronouncing the 'h' in '하다' (hada) too strongly, making it sound like 'ha-da' instead of the softer 'hada'.
Nível de dificuldade
CEFR A2 level. The word itself is relatively straightforward, but understanding its specific usage requires differentiating it from more general speaking verbs. Context is key for accurate comprehension.
CEFR A2 level. Learners need to practice conjugating it correctly and using it in appropriate formal or structured contexts, avoiding casual speech.
CEFR A2 level. Pronunciation is manageable, but learners must actively choose '구술하다' in situations requiring formal oral expression, which might require conscious effort.
CEFR A2 level. Recognizing '구술하다' in context is important, especially when distinguishing it from '말하다' or '이야기하다' in formal settings.
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Gramática essencial
Verb Conjugation (Present Tense - Polite Informal)
구술하다 + -아요/어요 -> 구술해요
Verb Conjugation (Present Tense - Formal Polite)
구술하다 + -ㅂ니다/습니다 -> 구술합니다
Verb Conjugation (Past Tense - Polite Informal)
구술하다 + -았/었 -> 구술했어요
Verb Conjugation (Past Tense - Formal Polite)
구술하다 + -았/었습니다 -> 구술했습니다
Imperative/Request Form
구술하다 + -아/어 보세요 -> 구술해 보세요
Exemplos por nível
학생은 시험에서 답을 구술해야 했다.
The student had to state the answer orally in the exam.
Past tense of 구술하다 (gusulhada).
면접관은 제 경험을 구술해달라고 했습니다.
The interviewer asked me to express my experience orally.
Request form of 구술하다.
그는 자신의 의견을 구술했습니다.
He stated his opinion orally.
Past tense, polite formal.
보고서를 구술해서 작성할 거예요.
I will create the report by stating it orally.
Future tense, informal polite.
증인은 사건의 경위를 구술했습니다.
The witness stated the circumstances of the incident orally.
Past tense, formal polite, implies a formal statement.
의사는 환자에게 증상을 구술하라고 했습니다.
The doctor told the patient to express their symptoms orally.
Imperative form, polite.
역사 선생님은 학생들에게 역사적 사실을 구술하도록 했습니다.
The history teacher made the students state the historical facts orally.
Causative form, polite.
발표 내용을 구술 연습을 했습니다.
I practiced stating the presentation content orally.
Noun phrase + verb, past tense.
구술 시험에서 긴장했지만 최선을 다해 구술했습니다.
I was nervous during the oral exam, but I did my best to state my answers orally.
Connects nervousness with performance.
그는 자신의 경험을 바탕으로 이야기를 구술하는 데 능숙했습니다.
He was skilled at expressing his experiences orally in the form of a story.
Describes a skill.
회의에서 중요한 내용을 구술해야 할 때가 있습니다.
There are times when one must express important content orally at a meeting.
General statement about necessity.
법정에서 증언을 구술할 때는 사실만을 말해야 합니다.
When testifying in court, one must state only the facts orally.
Conditional statement with a requirement.
고대 문헌들은 당시 사람들이 이야기를 어떻게 구술했는지 보여줍니다.
Ancient texts show how people orally expressed stories back then.
Historical context.
면접에서는 지원자의 역량을 명확하게 구술하는 것이 중요합니다.
In an interview, it is important to express a candidate's capabilities clearly orally.
Emphasizes importance.
작가는 자신이 구술한 내용을 비서가 받아쓰도록 했습니다.
The writer had their secretary transcribe what they dictated orally.
Causative structure with dictation.
이 자료는 구술로만 전달할 수 있습니다.
This information can only be conveyed orally.
Expressing limitation.
그는 자신의 복잡한 이론을 청중에게 명확하게 구술하는 데 탁월한 능력을 보였다.
He showed exceptional ability in clearly articulating his complex theories orally to the audience.
Describes a high level of skill.
구술 시험의 목적은 지원자의 논리적 사고와 표현력을 평가하는 데 있다.
The purpose of an oral examination is to evaluate the applicant's logical thinking and expressive ability orally.
Explains the purpose of an event.
역사적 사건에 대한 진술을 구술할 때는 객관적인 사실에 근거해야 한다.
When stating historical events orally, one must be based on objective facts.
Providing guidelines for a specific action.
문화 교류 행사에서 그는 자신의 나라의 전통 음악을 구술하여 소개했다.
At the cultural exchange event, he introduced the traditional music of his country by expressing it orally.
Describes an action within a specific event.
환자가 자신의 증상을 정확하게 구술할 수 있도록 의료진은 인내심을 가지고 경청했다.
The medical staff listened patiently so that the patient could accurately express their symptoms orally.
Describes a supportive action.
정치인은 유권자들에게 자신의 정책 비전을 구술로 명확하게 전달해야 한다.
Politicians must clearly convey their policy vision orally to voters.
Expresses an obligation or necessity.
그는 어린 시절의 추억을 생생하게 구술하여 많은 사람들의 공감을 얻었다.
He vividly expressed his childhood memories orally, gaining empathy from many people.
Describes the impact of an oral expression.
첨단 기술에 대한 복잡한 개념을 구술로 설명하는 것은 쉽지 않은 과제이다.
Explaining complex concepts about cutting-edge technology orally is not an easy task.
Discusses the difficulty of a task.
그 연설가는 청중의 이해를 돕기 위해 복잡한 철학적 개념들을 비유를 들어 구술했다.
The orator used analogies to orally express complex philosophical concepts to aid the audience's understanding.
Describes a sophisticated communication strategy.
면접 위원회는 지원자의 문제 해결 능력을 구술로 평가하기 위해 심층적인 질문을 던졌다.
The interview committee posed in-depth questions to evaluate the applicant's problem-solving abilities orally.
Details a strategic approach to evaluation.
증언은 법적 절차에서 사실 관계를 명확히 하는 데 필수적이며, 이를 정확하게 구술하는 것이 중요하다.
Testimony is essential for clarifying facts in legal proceedings, and it is crucial to state it accurately orally.
Highlights the importance and necessity of an action.
문화유산의 전승은 구전으로 이루어지는 경우가 많으며, 이를 구술하는 과정에서 의미가 변형되기도 한다.
The transmission of cultural heritage often occurs through oral tradition, and meanings can be altered in the process of expressing them orally.
Discusses cultural transmission and potential changes.
의사는 환자의 고통스러운 경험을 감정적으로 동요하지 않고 구술할 수 있도록 격려했다.
The doctor encouraged the patient to express their painful experiences orally without becoming emotionally agitated.
Describes a delicate therapeutic interaction.
정치적 연설에서 지도자는 자신의 비전을 구체적인 정책 제안과 함께 구술하며 지지를 호소했다.
In his political speech, the leader appealed for support by orally articulating his vision along with concrete policy proposals.
Details the content and purpose of a political speech.
그는 자신의 예술적 영감의 근원을 개인적인 경험과 연결하여 구술함으로써 작품에 깊이를 더했다.
He added depth to his work by orally expressing the source of his artistic inspiration, connecting it to personal experiences.
Explains how personal expression enhances art.
복잡한 과학적 발견을 대중에게 구술로 설명하기 위해서는 명확하고 간결한 언어 사용이 필수적이다.
The use of clear and concise language is essential for orally explaining complex scientific discoveries to the public.
Stresses the requirements for effective public communication.
그의 증언은 법정에서 다루어진 복잡한 법률적 쟁점들을 해명하는 데 결정적인 역할을 했으며, 그의 구술은 조목조목 논리적으로 전개되었다.
His testimony played a crucial role in elucidating the complex legal issues addressed in court, and his oral articulation was developed point by point logically.
Highlights the significance and quality of oral articulation in a legal context.
문화 전승의 맥락에서 구술은 단순한 정보 전달을 넘어 공동체의 정체성과 가치를 내면화하는 과정이다.
In the context of cultural transmission, oral expression is more than just conveying information; it is a process of internalizing the identity and values of the community.
Provides a deep, philosophical interpretation of oral tradition.
면접관들은 지원자가 난해한 개념을 얼마나 효과적으로 구술하고, 복잡한 질문에 대해 얼마나 창의적으로 대처하는지를 면밀히 관찰했다.
The interviewers closely observed how effectively the applicant articulated difficult concepts and how creatively they responded to complex questions orally.
Focuses on nuanced observation of communication skills.
역사적 서술에서 구술은 기록되지 않은 지식과 경험을 보존하는 중요한 수단이지만, 해석의 여지가 남아있어 비판적 접근이 요구된다.
In historical narration, oral expression is an important means of preserving unwritten knowledge and experiences, but it requires a critical approach due to remaining room for interpretation.
Discusses the dual nature and challenges of oral history.
의료 현장에서 환자의 주관적 경험을 섬세하게 구술하도록 유도하는 것은 진단의 정확성을 높이는 데 기여한다.
Guiding patients to delicately articulate their subjective experiences in a medical setting contributes to enhancing diagnostic accuracy.
Explains the impact of patient articulation on medical outcomes.
정치 지도자의 연설에서 구술되는 비전은 단순히 공약의 나열을 넘어, 국민적 열망과 시대적 요구를 담아내야 한다.
The vision articulated in a political leader's speech must go beyond a mere list of promises, embodying national aspirations and the demands of the era.
Elevates the concept of political articulation to a societal level.
예술가는 자신의 창작 과정에 대한 심오한 통찰을 구술함으로써, 작품의 의미를 다층적으로 해석할 수 있는 단서를 제공한다.
By orally articulating profound insights into their creative process, the artist provides clues for a multi-layered interpretation of the work's meaning.
Connects personal articulation to artistic interpretation.
과학 커뮤니케이션에서 복잡한 이론을 대중에게 구술로 전달하는 것은, 전문 용어의 사용을 최소화하고 은유적 표현을 활용하는 고도의 기술을 요구한다.
Orally conveying complex theories to the public in scientific communication requires a high level of skill, minimizing the use of jargon and utilizing metaphorical expressions.
Defines the advanced skills needed for public scientific communication.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
— Must state orally; have to express verbally.
시험에서는 모든 답을 구술해야 합니다.
— Please state it orally; try expressing it verbally.
당신의 생각을 구술해 보세요.
— To answer orally; to respond verbally.
면접에서는 질문에 구술로 답해야 합니다.
— Oral examination; verbal test.
저는 이번 학기에 구술 시험을 봐야 합니다.
— Oral expression ability; verbal fluency.
이 직책은 뛰어난 구술 능력을 요구합니다.
— While stating orally; while expressing verbally.
발표 내용을 구술하다가 실수를 했습니다.
— Oral practice; verbal rehearsal.
면접을 위해 구술 연습을 열심히 했습니다.
— To convey orally; to transmit verbally.
중요한 정보는 반드시 구술로 전달해야 합니다.
— To explain orally; to describe verbally.
그는 자신의 아이디어를 구술로 설명했습니다.
— Oral material; verbal transcript.
이것은 회의 내용을 구술한 자료입니다.
Frequentemente confundido com
'말하다' is the general verb for 'to speak' or 'to say' and can be used in any context. '구술하다' is more specific, implying a structured, formal, or examined oral expression. Using '구술하다' for casual conversation is incorrect.
'이야기하다' means 'to talk' or 'to chat' and is used for informal conversations. '구술하다' is formal and structured, not suitable for casual chats.
'진술하다' specifically means 'to state' or 'to testify', often in legal contexts. While '구술하다' can be used to orally deliver a statement, '진술하다' focuses on the formal act of stating facts.
Expressões idiomáticas
— To only talk the talk, without walking the walk; to make promises or statements orally without taking action.
그는 항상 좋은 아이디어를 입으로만 구술할 뿐, 실제 행동으로 옮기지는 않는다.
Informal, Critical— To speak fluently and eloquently; to have a silver tongue. (Less common idiom, often implied by context rather than direct usage)
그 연사는 마치 혀를 구술하는 것처럼 청중을 사로잡았다.
Formal, Literary— To think something but not say it aloud; to keep thoughts to oneself. (This is a contradictory phrase as '구술하다' implies speaking aloud, highlighting the internal nature of the thought.)
그는 자신의 불만을 속으로만 구술할 뿐, 누구에게도 털어놓지 않았다.
Informal, Reflective— To articulate one's thoughts or ideas from memory or imagination.
시험에서 아는 것을 머릿속 내용을 구술하는 것이 중요했다.
Neutral— To utter a single word or statement, often implying significance or a concise expression.
그는 긴 침묵 끝에 겨우 한마디를 구술했다.
Neutral— To speak the truth; to state the facts honestly.
증인은 법정에서 진실을 구술해야 할 의무가 있다.
Formal— To express one's feelings or emotions verbally.
그는 그녀에게 자신의 사랑하는 마음을 구술했다.
Literary, Romantic— To outline or state a plan verbally.
팀 회의에서 리더는 새로운 프로젝트 계획을 구술했다.
Professional— To narrate a story orally.
할머니는 손주들에게 옛날이야기를 구술해 주셨다.
Informal, Narrative— To state the reason for something verbally.
그는 자신의 행동에 대한 이유를 구술해야 했다.
NeutralFácil de confundir
Both are verbs related to speaking.
'말하다' is the general term for speaking, used in all contexts. '구술하다' specifically refers to expressing something orally in a structured, formal, or examined manner, like in an exam or presentation. You '말하다' hello, but you '구술하다' an answer.
그는 친구에게 안녕이라고 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>말했다</mark>. (He said hello to his friend.) vs. 학생은 답을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술했다</mark>. (The student stated the answer orally.)
Both involve vocal communication.
'이야기하다' means 'to talk' or 'to chat', implying casual conversation. '구술하다' means to express something verbally in a more formal, deliberate, or structured way, often for examination or presentation purposes. You '이야기하다' about your day, but you '구술하다' your research findings.
우리는 어제 저녁 식사를 하며 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이야기했다</mark>. (We talked over dinner.) vs. 그는 자신의 경험을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술했다</mark>. (He expressed his experiences orally.)
Both can involve conveying information.
'설명하다' means 'to explain', and it can be done either orally or in writing. '구술하다' specifically refers to explaining or expressing something *orally*. So, while you can '설명하다' a concept in writing, you '구술하다' it when you explain it out loud in a formal setting.
선생님은 개념을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>설명했다</mark>. (The teacher explained the concept.) vs. 학생은 답을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술했다</mark>. (The student stated the answer orally.)
Both are used for formal statements.
'진술하다' is specifically used for formal statements, especially in legal or official contexts, like testifying. '구술하다' is the act of expressing something orally, which can include a testimony, but also other formal oral expressions like answers in an exam or content of a presentation. '진술하다' focuses more on the act of formally stating facts.
증인은 법정에서 사실을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>진술했다</mark>. (The witness stated the facts in court.) vs. 그는 자신의 경험을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술했다</mark>. (He expressed his experiences orally - could be in an interview or a formal retelling.)
Both are related to formal speaking.
'발표하다' means 'to present' or 'to announce', referring to the entire act of delivering a presentation or announcement. '구술하다' refers to the act of speaking the content of that presentation or announcement. You '발표하다' a report, and you '구술하다' the information within that report.
그녀는 연구 결과를 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>발표했다</mark>. (She presented her research findings.) vs. 그녀는 연구 결과를 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술했다</mark>. (She stated her research findings orally - focusing on the speaking part.)
Padrões de frases
Subject + Object + <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하다</mark>.
학생은 답을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술했어요</mark>.
Subject + [Recipient] + Object + <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하다</mark> -라고 하다.
선생님은 학생에게 답을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하라고</mark> 했습니다.
Noun Phrase + <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하다</mark> -는 데 능숙하다.
그는 자신의 생각을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하는</mark> 데 능숙했다.
Context + <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하다</mark> -어야 하다.
회의에서 중요한 내용을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술해야</mark> 합니다.
Complex Object + <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하다</mark> -는 것이 어렵다.
복잡한 이론을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하는 것</mark>은 어렵습니다.
Subject + [Recipient] + Verb Ending (-도록) + <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하다</mark>(conjugated).
의사는 환자가 증상을 명확히 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하도록</mark> 격려했습니다.
Modifier + Object + <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하다</mark> + Ability/Skill.
그는 자신의 복잡한 이론을 청중에게 명확하게 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하는</mark> 능력이 뛰어났다.
Purpose Clause + <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하다</mark>(conjugated) + Importance.
법적 절차에서 사실 관계를 명확히 하기 위해 정확하게 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술하는 것</mark>이 중요하다.
Família de palavras
Substantivos
Verbos
Relacionado
Como usar
Medium. While not an everyday word, it's common in specific formal contexts.
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Using '구술하다' for casual greetings or everyday conversation.
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Use '말하다' (to speak) or '이야기하다' (to talk) for casual conversations. For example, say '안녕하세요라고 말했어요' (I said hello) instead of '안녕하세요를 구술했어요'.
'구술하다' implies a formal or structured oral expression, not casual speech. Using it for simple greetings is unnatural and incorrect.
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Confusing '구술하다' with '쓰다' (to write).
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'구술하다' means to speak orally. '쓰다' means to write. If you need to express something verbally, use '구술하다'; if in writing, use '쓰다'.
'구술하다' is exclusively about vocalization. It is the direct opposite of writing.
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Incorrect conjugation, e.g., using the base form '구술하다' in a sentence.
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Always conjugate the verb according to tense and politeness level. For example, '저는 답을 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>구술했어요</mark>' (I stated the answer orally).
Korean verbs must be conjugated. Using the dictionary form in a sentence is grammatically incorrect.
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Using '구술하다' for internal thoughts or silent reading.
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'구술하다' means to express 'orally'. For internal thoughts, use '생각하다' (to think). For reading aloud, use '읽다' (to read) or '낭독하다' (to read aloud formally).
'구술하다' requires vocalization. It cannot be used for mental processes or silent reading.
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Overusing '구술하다' when '말하다' or '설명하다' would be more appropriate.
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Use '구술하다' only when the context specifically demands a formal, structured, or examined oral expression. For general speaking, use '말하다'; for explaining, use '설명하다'.
'구술하다' has a narrower, more specific meaning than general speaking verbs. Misusing it can make your speech sound unnatural.
Dicas
Clear Articulation
Practice pronouncing '구술하다' clearly, paying attention to the '구' (goo) and '술' (sool) sounds. Ensure the final '하다' is pronounced softly.
Correct Conjugation
Master the conjugations of '구술하다' for different tenses and politeness levels. Common forms include '구술해요', '구술합니다', and '구술했어요'.
Distinguish from '말하다'
Remember that '구술하다' is more specific than '말하다' (to speak). Use '구술하다' when the act of speaking is formal or has a specific purpose, like answering questions in an exam.
Visual Association
Imagine a person speaking into a microphone in a formal setting, clearly articulating their words. This visual can help you remember the meaning and context of '구술하다'.
Role-Playing
Engage in role-playing exercises where you pretend to be in an oral exam or interview and use '구술하다' to describe your actions and responses.
Value of Clear Speech
Understand that in Korean culture, clear and articulate speech is often valued, especially in formal settings. '구술하다' reflects this emphasis on purposeful verbal expression.
Use in Sentences
Actively try to incorporate '구술하다' into your own Korean sentences when practicing, focusing on contexts like academic tests or formal explanations.
Compare with Synonyms
Compare '구술하다' with similar words like '말하다', '진술하다', and '발표하다' to fully grasp its nuances and appropriate usage.
Self-Testing
Test yourself by asking: 'Is this situation casual or formal? Is the speaking deliberate and structured?' If yes, '구술하다' might be the right word.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Imagine someone with a very large 'mouth' (口) trying to 'narrate' (述) a long story. The 'mouth' helps you remember the oral part, and 'narrate' helps with the expression. The Korean pronunciation 'gusulhada' sounds a bit like 'goo-sool-ha-da', where 'goo' could remind you of 'go', as in 'go ahead and speak'.
Associação visual
Picture a person standing at a podium, speaking into a microphone, with clear, distinct words (like pearls) coming out of their mouth. The microphone emphasizes the oral aspect, and the distinct words represent the clear expression.
Word Web
Desafio
Try to explain your daily routine to someone using only '구술하다' and related concepts, emphasizing the structured and deliberate nature of your 'speaking'. For example, 'I will 구술하다 my morning activities...' and then describe them.
Origem da palavra
The word '구술하다' is derived from the Sino-Korean words '口述' (gusul). '口' (gu) means 'mouth' or 'speak', and '述' (sul) means 'to narrate', 'to tell', or 'to express'. Together, they literally mean 'to narrate with the mouth'. This etymology clearly points to the act of verbal expression.
Significado original: To narrate or express using one's mouth.
Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)Contexto cultural
When discussing '구술하다', it's important to remember it's about expressing information, not about gossip or casual chatter. The context should always imply a purpose or requirement for the oral delivery.
In English-speaking cultures, similar concepts exist, such as 'to articulate', 'to express verbally', 'to state', 'to recite', or 'to give an oral account'. The formality and context often dictate the best English equivalent.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
Academic Settings (Exams, Presentations)
- 구술 시험을 봐야 합니다.
- 발표 내용을 구술로 연습하세요.
- 답을 정확하게 구술해야 합니다.
Job Interviews
- 경험을 구술해 주세요.
- 당신의 강점을 구술로 설명해 보세요.
- 면접에서 구술 능력이 중요합니다.
Legal and Official Proceedings
- 증언을 구술하다.
- 사실을 명확히 구술하다.
- 사건의 경위를 구술하다.
Language Learning Practice
- 자신의 생각을 구술 연습하세요.
- 배운 내용을 구술로 말해 보세요.
- 이 단어를 구술해 보세요.
Dictation and Reporting
- 보고서를 구술로 작성하다.
- 내용을 구술하여 기록하다.
- 그가 구술한 내용을 받아쓰다.
Iniciadores de conversa
"Have you ever had an oral exam where you had to '구술하다' your answers?"
"What's the most challenging thing you've had to '구술하다' verbally?"
"In what situations do you think it's most important to '구술하다' clearly?"
"How does the act of '구술하다' differ from just '말하다' (speaking)?"
"Can you think of a time when someone's '구술' helped you understand something better?"
Temas para diário
Describe a situation where you had to '구술하다' an important piece of information. How did you prepare?
Reflect on your own '구술 능력'. What are your strengths and weaknesses when expressing yourself verbally in Korean?
Imagine you are a witness in a formal setting. How would you '구술하다' your testimony to be clear and accurate?
Write a short dialogue where one character asks another to '구술하다' something. What is the context?
Compare and contrast the feeling of writing something versus '구술하다' it. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntas'구술하다' (gusulhada) specifically refers to expressing something orally in a structured, formal, or examined manner, such as in an oral exam, presentation, or testimony. '말하다' (malhada) is the general verb for 'to speak' or 'to say' and can be used in any context, from casual conversation to formal speeches. Think of '구술하다' as 'to articulate verbally' or 'to state orally' in a more deliberate way, whereas '말하다' is simply 'to speak'.
'이야기하다' (iyagihada) means 'to talk' or 'to chat' and is used for informal conversations and casual storytelling. '구술하다' is used for formal, structured, or examined oral expressions. For example, you would '이야기하다' with friends about your day, but you would '구술하다' your answers in an oral exam.
No, '구술하다' strictly means to express something 'orally' or 'verbally'. It is the opposite of writing. The verb for writing is '쓰다' (sseuda).
Common situations include oral examinations (구술 시험), job interviews (구술 면접), formal presentations (구술 발표), giving testimony in court (증언을 구술하다), and dictating information (보고서를 구술하다). It's about a purposeful and often formal act of speaking.
'구술하다' is a regular verb. You conjugate it like other verbs ending in '-하다'. For example: Present polite informal: 구술해요 (gusulhaeyo), Present formal polite: 구술합니다 (gusulhamnida), Past polite informal: 구술했어요 (gusulhaesseoyo), Past formal polite: 구술했습니다 (gusulhaetseumnida).
'구술하다' itself is neutral. Its connotation depends on the context. For instance, '구술하다' an answer in an exam is a neutral or positive action, while being forced to '구술하다' information against one's will might have negative implications. The word itself simply describes the act of oral expression.
While reading aloud involves speaking, '구술하다' usually implies expressing one's own thoughts, knowledge, or prepared statements rather than simply reciting text written by someone else. For reading aloud, verbs like '읽다' (ilkda - to read) or '낭독하다' (nangdokada - to read aloud formally) are more appropriate.
The noun form is '구술' (gusul), which means 'oral expression' or 'recitation'.
Dictation is a direct application of '구술하다'. When someone dictates, they are '구술하다'-ing the text for someone else to write down. For example, '작가는 비서에게 보고서를 구술했습니다' (The writer dictated the report to the secretary).
No, '구술하다' is generally not used in everyday, casual conversation. It's reserved for situations that require a more formal, structured, or deliberate oral expression. For casual talk, you would use words like '말하다' (malhada) or '이야기하다' (iyagihada).
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Summary
Use '구술하다' (gusulhada) when you need to specifically refer to the act of expressing information orally, particularly in formal contexts like exams, interviews, or presentations, distinguishing it from general speaking.
- To state or express something verbally.
- Emphasizes speaking out loud in a structured way.
- Used in exams, presentations, and formal settings.
- Distinct from casual speech.
Context is Key
Always consider the context. '구술하다' is for formal, structured oral expression, not casual chat. Think of exams, presentations, or official statements.
Clear Articulation
Practice pronouncing '구술하다' clearly, paying attention to the '구' (goo) and '술' (sool) sounds. Ensure the final '하다' is pronounced softly.
Correct Conjugation
Master the conjugations of '구술하다' for different tenses and politeness levels. Common forms include '구술해요', '구술합니다', and '구술했어요'.
Distinguish from '말하다'
Remember that '구술하다' is more specific than '말하다' (to speak). Use '구술하다' when the act of speaking is formal or has a specific purpose, like answering questions in an exam.
Conteúdo relacionado
Esta palavra em outros idiomas
Mais palavras de academic
입체적
B2Tendo um efeito tridimensional ou examinando algo de múltiplas perspectivas.
~에 관해
B1Uma expressão que significa 'sobre' ou 'em relação a'. É usada em contextos formais para introduzir um assunto.
~에 대하여
A2Sobre ou a respeito de um assunto específico. 'Eu li um livro sobre a história da Coreia.'
~대해
A2Significa 'sobre' ou 'a respeito de'. É usado para indicar o assunto de uma conversa ou pensamento.
~에 관하여
A2Relativo a ou sobre um tópico. Usado em situações formais, como relatórios ou discursos.
~에 대해(서)
A1Indica o tópico ou assunto de uma discussão, significando 'sobre' ou 'a respeito de'. É frequentemente usado com verbos como falar ou pensar.
무엇보다
A2Acima de tudo; mais do que qualquer outra coisa.
결석생
A2A student who is absent from class.
추상화하다
B2Abstrair: considerar algo teoricamente ou separadamente de sua realidade física.
추상
A2Abstraction; the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events.
