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B2 adjective 14 min de leitura

närvarande

Exemplos närvarande em 30 segundos
Explicação närvarande in your Level:
At the A1 level, you will mostly encounter 'närvarande' in very simple contexts, like a teacher taking attendance in a classroom. You don't need to know all the complex meanings yet. Just understand that it means 'here' or 'present'. You might hear a teacher ask 'Vem är närvarande?' (Who is present?). At this stage, you should focus on the fact that it is the opposite of 'frånvarande' (absent). You likely won't use it much yourself, as 'här' (here) is easier and more common for beginners. However, recognizing it in a simple list or a classroom setting is a great first step. It's a 'long' word, but it's very consistent because it doesn't change its ending. This makes it a friendly word for beginners once you get past the spelling. Think of it as a formal version of 'här'. If you see it on a form or a list, it just means someone is there. You might also see it in very basic signs, like 'Personalen är närvarande' (The staff is present/on-site). Learning this word early helps you understand the structure of Swedish participles, even if you don't know the grammar rules yet. It's a building block for more formal Swedish that you will use later. Just remember: Närvarande = Here. Frånvarande = Not here. That is all an A1 learner needs to start with. Keep it simple and focus on the physical 'being there' aspect.
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At the A2 level, you start to see 'närvarande' in slightly more varied situations. You might encounter the phrase 'för närvarande', which means 'at the moment' or 'currently'. This is very useful when you want to explain why something is happening right now, especially in a slightly more formal way than 'just nu'. For example, 'Jag jobbar för närvarande i Stockholm' (I am currently working in Stockholm). You will also use it more confidently in school or work environments. At A2, you should be able to distinguish between being physically present and the concept of 'current' (though you might still mix it up with 'nuvarande'). You'll notice it in emails or public announcements. If a train is delayed, the announcement might use 'för närvarande'. Understanding this word helps you navigate daily life in Sweden, where official communication is common. You are moving beyond the classroom and into the real world. You should also start to notice that 'närvarande' doesn't change when you talk about 'en' or 'ett' words. 'En närvarande pappa' and 'ett närvarande vittne' both use the same form. This is a key grammar point for A2. You are building a more professional vocabulary. Instead of just saying 'Jag är här', you might say 'Jag är närvarande på mötet'. It sounds a bit more mature. You are also learning to recognize the word in more complex sentences, even if you don't understand every other word yet. It acts as a 'time marker' in many sentences.
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By B1, you are expected to use 'närvarande' in both its physical and temporal senses. You should be comfortable using 'för närvarande' in your writing and speaking to describe current states. For example, in a letter or an essay, you might write 'För närvarande finns det många problem i samhället'. You also begin to understand the more 'abstract' or 'mental' side of the word. You might talk about the importance of being 'närvarande' in a conversation or during a task. This reflects a deeper understanding of Swedish culture, which values focus and 'being in the moment'. At this level, you should also be careful not to confuse 'närvarande' with 'nuvarande'. You know that 'nuvarande' is for 'current' things like 'nuvarande jobb', while 'närvarande' is for being present. You can handle more complex sentence structures where 'närvarande' is used as an adjective before a noun, like 'De närvarande gästerna var nöjda'. You are also starting to see it in news articles. When a journalist says 'Ingen var närvarande vid olyckan', you understand that no one was there to see it. This level is about nuance. You aren't just translating 'present' anymore; you are choosing 'närvarande' because it fits the formal or focused tone of your sentence. You might also use it in a work context to describe your availability. 'Jag är närvarande på kontoret på tisdagar'. It's a word that helps you sound more integrated into Swedish professional life.
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At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of all the nuances of 'närvarande'. You understand that it is an indeclinable adjective because of its origin as a present participle. You use it fluently in formal and informal contexts. In professional settings, you use it to discuss attendance, minutes of meetings, and current project statuses ('för närvarande'). In more personal or philosophical discussions, you can talk about 'mental närvaro' (mental presence) or being 'fullt närvarande' in a situation. You understand the emotional weight the word can carry—for example, describing a parent or a partner as 'närvarande'. You are also proficient at using it in more complex grammatical constructions, such as 'i närvarande stund' or 'de vid mötet närvarande personerna'. You can distinguish it clearly from synonyms like 'nuvarande', 'aktuell', and 'på plats', choosing the one that provides the exact nuance you need. Your vocabulary is rich enough that you don't over-rely on 'närvarande'; you use it when it is the most precise term. You also recognize its use in legal and official Swedish, such as 'närvarande vittnen'. At this level, you can also use the word to describe sensory experiences, like a 'närvarande doft' (a perceptible scent). You are comfortable with the word's versatility, moving easily between its administrative, temporal, and psychological meanings. You can also explain the word to others, noting its lack of declension and its relationship to the noun 'närvaro'.
At the C1 level, your use of 'närvarande' is sophisticated and natural. You use it to add precision and professional polish to your language. You are aware of its historical roots and how it functions as a participle, and you use this knowledge to handle even the most complex sentence structures. In academic writing, you use 'närvarande' to define the scope of your observations or the temporal limits of your study. You might use phrases like 'den i närvarande avhandling behandlade problematiken' (the problems dealt with in the present thesis). You understand the subtle difference in tone between 'för närvarande', 'för tillfället', and 'i dagsläget', and you choose based on the desired level of formality. You also appreciate the word's use in literature and high-level journalism to create atmosphere. You might describe a character's 'närvarande blick' or a 'närvarande hotbild' in a political analysis. Your understanding of the word is deeply tied to your understanding of Swedish culture and its emphasis on mindfulness and authenticity. You can participate in complex debates about 'närvaroplikt' (mandatory attendance) or the 'digitala närvaron' (digital presence) of a brand. You use 'närvarande' to express not just physical location, but a state of being that is engaged and authentic. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker, and you can use the word to convey authority, empathy, or precision as the situation requires. You are also able to identify and correct subtle misuses of the word in others' speech or writing.
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At the C2 level, you have mastered 'närvarande' to the point where it is a tool for stylistic expression. You use it with total confidence in any context, from the most formal legal documents to the most intimate poetic expressions. You understand the word's full etymological history and its place within the broader family of Swedish participles. You can use it to create complex, multi-layered meanings. For instance, you might use it in a philosophical treatise to discuss the nature of 'det närvarande' (the present/that which is present) as a concept. You are also adept at using it in rhetorical devices, perhaps contrasting 'närvarande' with 'frånvarande' to highlight a theme of neglect or attention in a literary critique. Your use of 'för närvarande' is perfectly calibrated to the register of your discourse, and you can switch to archaic or highly formal variations like 'i närvarande stund' for specific effect. You understand the word's role in the 'kanslisvenska' (administrative Swedish) of the past and its evolution into the 'mindfulness' vocabulary of the present. You can handle the word in its most abstract forms, such as describing a 'närvarande gudom' in a religious text or a 'närvarande fara' in a safety manual. For you, 'närvarande' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a versatile instrument that you use to navigate the highest levels of Swedish professional, academic, and cultural life. You have a 'närvarande' command of the language itself, using every word with intention and precision.
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Exemplos

närvarande em 30 segundos

  • Närvarande means 'present'—either being physically in a place or mentally focused on the moment.
  • It is an indeclinable adjective, meaning it never changes its form for gender or number.
  • The phrase 'för närvarande' is a common way to say 'currently' or 'at present' in formal Swedish.

The Swedish adjective närvarande is a versatile and essential term for any learner reaching the B2 level. At its core, it describes the state of being 'present' in a specific location or at a particular moment in time. However, its usage extends far beyond simple physical attendance. In Swedish, being närvarande can imply a deep level of mental focus, emotional availability, or the simple fact of existing within a current timeframe. When you are in a meeting, you are physically närvarande, but if your mind is wandering to your weekend plans, a Swede might say you are not truly närvarande in the conversation. This duality between physical presence and mental mindfulness is a key nuance of the word.

Physical Attendance
This is the most literal use. It refers to being at a place where an event is occurring. For example, at a roll call in school or a board meeting, the list of people who are there are the 'närvarande'. It is the direct opposite of 'frånvarande' (absent).

Alla ledamöter var närvarande vid sammanträdet i morse.

Beyond the physical, the word carries a heavy weight in the context of psychology and interpersonal relationships. A 'närvarande förälder' (a present parent) is not just someone who lives in the same house as their child, but someone who is emotionally available, attentive, and engaged. In this sense, närvarande aligns closely with the modern concept of 'mindfulness'. It describes a quality of character—the ability to be 'in the moment'. This is increasingly common in Swedish discourse regarding work-life balance and mental health. When Swedes talk about 'att vara närvarande i nuet' (being present in the now), they are touching upon a philosophical state of being.

Temporal Presence
The phrase 'för närvarande' is a common adverbial expression meaning 'at present' or 'currently'. It is slightly more formal than 'just nu' and is frequently used in business reports or status updates to describe a temporary state of affairs.

Vi har för närvarande inga lediga tjänster på företaget.

In academic and formal writing, närvarande often appears in the phrase 'i närvarande stund' (at the present moment). It provides a sense of immediacy and focus. It is also used to describe things that are 'perceptible' or 'evident'. For instance, a 'närvarande doft' (a present scent) suggests a smell that is clearly detectable in the air. This breadth of meaning—from a checkbox on an attendance sheet to a profound state of consciousness—makes närvarande a fascinating word to master. It requires the learner to look beyond the surface and understand the Swedish emphasis on 'närvaro' (presence) as both a physical fact and a mental virtue.

Det fanns en mycket närvarande känsla av hopp i rummet.

Register and Tone
While 'närvarande' is perfectly acceptable in everyday speech, it often leans toward a neutral or formal register. In very casual conversation, a Swede might simply say 'här' (here) to indicate physical presence, but they would switch to 'närvarande' when the context requires precision or emotional depth.

Hon lyckades vara helt närvarande trots allt kaos omkring henne.

De närvarande gästerna applåderade efter talet.

Using närvarande correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as an indeclinable adjective. Because it originates from a present participle, it does not take the typical '-t' or '-a' endings that most Swedish adjectives do. This makes it easier to use in one sense, but it can feel counterintuitive to those used to the standard rules of Swedish agreement. Whether you are talking about 'en man' (a man), 'ett barn' (a child), or 'många människor' (many people), the word remains närvarande. This consistency is a hallmark of participle-based adjectives in Swedish.

Subject-Verb-Adjective Structure
In simple sentences, närvarande often follows the verb 'att vara' (to be). This is common when taking attendance or describing someone's state of mind. 'Jag är närvarande' means 'I am present'.

Är alla studenter närvarande i klassrummet idag?

When used attributively (before the noun), närvarande helps define the scope of a group. 'De närvarande personerna' refers specifically to the people who are there. In this position, it functions like a filter, narrowing down the subject to those currently on-site or currently engaged. It is also frequently used in the fixed expression 'för närvarande', which acts as an adverbial phrase. You will often see this at the beginning or end of a sentence to provide a time frame. For example, 'För närvarande arbetar vi med ett nytt projekt' (Currently, we are working on a new project). Note how it sets the temporal stage for the entire clause.

Abstract and Emotional Usage
To describe mental presence, you often use adverbs to modify närvarande. You might say someone is 'fullt närvarande' (fully present) or 'andligt närvarande' (spiritually/mentally present).

Det är viktigt att vara närvarande när man lyssnar på sina vänner.

Another interesting use is in the context of 'närvarande vittnen' (present witnesses). In legal or formal settings, this specifically refers to people who saw an event occur. The word here carries the weight of testimony and verification. In more poetic or literary Swedish, närvarande can describe an atmosphere. 'En närvarande tystnad' (a present silence) suggests a silence that is heavy, noticeable, and almost tangible. This demonstrates the word's ability to move from the mundane (attendance) to the profound (sensory experience). When constructing sentences, always ask yourself: am I talking about location, time, or focus? All three are valid, but the surrounding words will clarify your intent.

Hennes blick var skarp och närvarande under hela intervjun.

Negation and Contrast
To say someone is not present, you can use 'inte närvarande' or the specific antonym 'frånvarande'. Using 'inte närvarande' often sounds softer or more situational.

Tyvärr var han inte närvarande när beslutet fattades.

De närvarande röstade enhälligt för förslaget.

In Sweden, närvarande is a staple of professional and educational environments. If you are working in a Swedish office, you will hear it almost daily. During the start of a formal meeting, the chairperson might check who is närvarande to ensure a quorum (beslutsförhet). If you are reading the minutes (protokoll) of that meeting later, the very first section will be titled 'Närvarande', listing everyone who attended. This is the most common administrative context. It is a word that signals professionalism and formal structure.

Education and Schools
In Swedish schools, teachers use digital systems to mark students as 'närvarande' or 'frånvarande'. While the teacher might call out names and students answer 'ja' or 'här', the official status in the system is always 'närvarande'.

Läraren noterade vilka som var närvarande vid lektionens början.

You will also frequently encounter the word in the media, particularly in news broadcasts and financial reports. The phrase 'för närvarande' is the go-to expression for journalists describing a current situation that is subject to change. For instance, 'Priserna på el är för närvarande mycket höga' (Electricity prices are currently very high). It sounds more authoritative and objective than the more colloquial 'just nu'. If you listen to Swedish podcasts or radio shows about self-improvement or psychology, the word takes on its more 'mindful' meaning. Experts will discuss 'vikten av att vara närvarande i sina relationer' (the importance of being present in one's relationships).

Customer Service and Public Notices
When a service is temporarily unavailable, you might see a sign or a web banner saying 'Tjänsten är för närvarande inte tillgänglig' (The service is currently not available). This is the standard polite way to inform the public of an outage.

Webbplatsen ligger för närvarande nere för underhåll.

In social settings, the word is used to compliment someone's social skills. If a Swede says, 'Han är så närvarande när man pratar med honom', they are paying a high compliment. It means the person isn't checking their phone or looking around the room; they are giving you their full, undivided attention. This cultural value of 'närvaro' is significant in Swedish social etiquette. Finally, in the arts, a critic might describe an actor's performance as 'närvarande', meaning they had a strong stage presence and felt authentic in their role. Whether in a spreadsheet, a news report, or a heartfelt conversation, närvarande is the word that bridges the gap between simply 'being' and truly 'attending'.

Skådespelaren gav en otroligt närvarande och gripande prestation.

Legal and Official Contexts
In a court of law or during the signing of a contract, 'närvarande vittnen' are required. This ensures that the act was observed by competent individuals who can verify the events if needed.

Testamentet undertecknades i två närvarande vittnens samtidiga närvaro.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning Swedish is confusing närvarande with nuvarande. While both relate to the concept of 'now', they are used in very different ways. Närvarande refers to being present in a location or being attentive, whereas nuvarande means 'current' or 'existing at this time' in a broader sense. For example, you would say 'min nuvarande flickvän' (my current girlfriend), but you would never say 'min närvarande flickvän' unless you were specifically pointing out that she is physically in the room with you right now.

Mistake 1: Adjective Agreement
Learners often try to change the ending of 'närvarande' to match the noun. They might say 'ett närvarandet barn' or 'närvaranda personer'. This is incorrect. Because it is a participle, it is indeclinable. It is always 'närvarande'.

Fel: De närvaranda gästerna. Rätt: De närvarande gästerna.

Another common pitfall is the misuse of 'för närvarande'. Some learners use it as a direct substitute for 'just nu' in every situation. While 'för närvarande' is correct, it has a more formal and slightly more 'static' feel. If you are telling a friend you are eating a sandwich right now, saying 'Jag äter för närvarande en smörgås' sounds hilariously robotic, like a formal report on your lunch. Stick to 'just nu' for everyday actions and save 'för närvarande' for states of being or professional contexts. Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse the noun 'närvaro' (presence) with the adjective 'närvarande'. You 'show' närvaro, but you 'are' närvarande.

Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Här'
In casual conversation, many learners use 'närvarande' when 'här' (here) is more natural. If someone calls your name, answer 'Här!' or 'Jag är här!', not 'Jag är närvarande!', which sounds like you're in a military drill.

Naturligt: Är du här? Formellt: Är du närvarande?

Lastly, be aware of the difference between 'närvarande' and 'närliggande'. 'Närliggande' means 'nearby' in a spatial sense (e.g., a nearby town). Some learners mistakenly use 'närvarande' to describe a physical location near them. Remember: 'närvarande' is about *being* there, not just being *near* there. Mastery of these distinctions will elevate your Swedish from basic communication to nuanced fluency. Pay attention to how native speakers use these terms in different registers, and you will soon avoid these common traps.

Fel: Vi bor i en närvarande stad. Rätt: Vi bor i en närliggande stad.

Mistake 3: Overusing for 'Current'
Avoid using 'närvarande' to describe trends or fashions. For 'the current trend', use 'den nuvarande trenden' or 'den rådande trenden'. 'Närvarande' doesn't fit here.

Fel: Den närvarande situationen. Rätt: Den nuvarande situationen.

Swedish has several words that overlap with närvarande, and choosing the right one depends on the specific context—whether you're talking about location, time, or mental focus. Understanding these synonyms will help you vary your language and sound more like a native speaker. The most direct alternative for physical presence is på plats (on site/on the spot). This is very common in news reporting and work contexts. If someone is 'på plats', they are physically there, often with the implication that they are ready to act or work.

Närvarande vs. Nuvarande
As mentioned before, 'nuvarande' means 'current'. Use it for positions, roles, or states that exist now but might change. 'Närvarande' is for the immediate moment or physical location.

Vår nuvarande vd ska sluta, men hon är närvarande på dagens möte.

Another important synonym is aktuell. This translates to 'current' or 'relevant'. While 'för närvarande' describes a state of affairs, 'aktuell' describes something that is the subject of discussion or interest right now. For example, 'en aktuell fråga' is a topical issue. If you want to emphasize mental presence, you might use fokuserad (focused) or uppmärksam (attentive). These words describe the *quality* of being närvarande. In a romantic or deep interpersonal context, you might use the phrase att finnas till hands (to be at hand/available), which implies a more supportive kind of presence.

Närvarande vs. Här
'Här' is the informal, everyday way to say 'here'. Use 'närvarande' when you want to be more formal or describe a state of mind.

Jag är här nu! (Casual) vs. Jag är närvarande. (Formal/Mindful)

For the phrase 'för närvarande', alternatives include för tillfället (for the moment) or just nu (right now). 'För tillfället' is a great middle-ground between the formal 'för närvarande' and the casual 'just nu'. If you are describing something that is happening right this second, i detta nu is a more dramatic and precise alternative. Finally, in a more abstract sense, existerande (existing) can sometimes replace 'närvarande' when talking about the presence of a phenomenon or a feeling. However, 'närvarande' remains the most common and versatile choice for most 'presence' related needs.

Vi har för tillfället tekniska problem med vår hemsida.

Summary Table of Alternatives
- Physical: På plats, här. - Temporal: För tillfället, just nu, nuvarande. - Mental: Uppmärksam, fokuserad. - Official: Deltagare.

Alla deltagare fick ett informationspaket vid ankomst.

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Exemplos por nível

1

Jag är närvarande.

I am present.

Simple subject + verb + adjective.

2

Är du närvarande?

Are you present?

Question form.

3

Han är inte närvarande.

He is not present.

Negation with 'inte'.

4

Vem är närvarande idag?

Who is present today?

Interrogative pronoun 'vem'.

5

Alla är närvarande.

Everyone is present.

'Alla' (everyone) is the subject.

6

Hon är närvarande nu.

She is present now.

Adverb 'nu' indicates time.

7

Vi är närvarande i skolan.

We are present at school.

Prepositional phrase 'i skolan'.

8

Är läraren närvarande?

Is the teacher present?

Subject-verb inversion for question.

1

Jag jobbar för närvarande i Malmö.

I am currently working in Malmö.

'För närvarande' acts as an adverbial phrase.

2

Är alla studenter närvarande vid lektionen?

Are all students present at the lesson?

Prepositional phrase 'vid lektionen'.

3

Vi har för närvarande inga pengar.

We currently have no money.

Negative 'inga' with 'för närvarande'.

4

De är närvarande på mötet.

They are present at the meeting.

Plural subject 'de' but adjective remains 'närvarande'.

5

Han var närvarande igår.

He was present yesterday.

Past tense 'var'.

6

Är chefen närvarande på kontoret?

Is the boss present at the office?

Formal context.

7

Vi är för närvarande stängda.

We are currently closed.

Common business phrase.

8

Bara fem personer var närvarande.

Only five people were present.

Numeral 'fem' + 'personer'.

1

Det är viktigt att vara närvarande när barnen leker.

It is important to be present when the children are playing.

Infinitive 'att vara' + 'närvarande'.

2

För närvarande studerar jag svenska på heltid.

Currently, I am studying Swedish full-time.

Adverbial phrase at the start of the sentence.

3

Han är en mycket närvarande pappa.

He is a very present father.

Attributive use before a noun.

4

Är du helt närvarande i samtalet?

Are you fully present in the conversation?

Adverb 'helt' modifies the adjective.

5

De närvarande gästerna fick kaffe och tårta.

The present guests received coffee and cake.

Definite plural noun phrase.

6

Situationen är för närvarande stabil.

The situation is currently stable.

Formal status report.

7

Jag kan tyvärr inte vara närvarande vid bröllopet.

Unfortunately, I cannot be present at the wedding.

Modal verb 'kan' + 'inte' + 'vara'.

8

Det fanns inga närvarande vittnen till händelsen.

There were no present witnesses to the incident.

Plural noun 'vittnen' with 'närvarande'.

1

För närvarande pågår en utredning om olyckan.

An investigation into the accident is currently underway.

Passive/ongoing action with 'pågår'.

2

Det krävs att man är mentalt närvarande i sitt arbete.

It is required that one is mentally present in one's work.

Adverb 'mentalt' adds nuance.

3

De som var närvarande röstade för förslaget.

Those who were present voted for the proposal.

Relative clause 'de som var närvarande'.

4

Hennes närvarande sätt gör att alla känner sig sedda.

Her present manner makes everyone feel seen.

Abstract usage of 'närvarande'.

5

Vi har för närvarande inga lediga tjänster att erbjuda.

We currently have no vacancies to offer.

Formal business communication.

6

Trots bruset lyckades han förbli närvarande i nuet.

Despite the noise, he managed to remain present in the moment.

Verb 'förbli' (remain) + 'närvarande'.

7

Listan över närvarande medlemmar justerades under mötet.

The list of present members was adjusted during the meeting.

Compound noun phrase.

8

En närvarande doft av nyslaget gräs fyllde luften.

A perceptible scent of freshly cut grass filled the air.

Sensory usage of 'närvarande'.

1

I närvarande stund kan vi inte dra några definitiva slutsatser.

At the present moment, we cannot draw any definitive conclusions.

Formal expression 'i närvarande stund'.

2

Den närvarande teknologin begränsar våra möjligheter.

The present technology limits our possibilities.

Abstract temporal usage.

3

Det fanns en mycket närvarande känsla av melankoli i rummet.

There was a very present sense of melancholy in the room.

Describing an atmosphere.

4

Samtliga närvarande ledamöter godkände protokollet.

All present members approved the minutes.

Formal pronoun 'samtliga'.

5

För närvarande råder det stor osäkerhet på marknaden.

Currently, there is great uncertainty in the market.

Formal verb 'råder'.

6

Han beskrevs som en sällsynt närvarande och lyhörd ledare.

He was described as a rarely present and sensitive leader.

Coordinated adjectives.

7

Det är viktigt att vara närvarande med hela sin varelse.

It is important to be present with one's whole being.

Philosophical/existential usage.

8

De närvarande vittnena bekräftade mannens alibi.

The present witnesses confirmed the man's alibi.

Legal context.

1

Det närvarande ögonblicket är allt vi egentligen besitter.

The present moment is all we actually possess.

Substantivized adjective 'det närvarande'.

2

För närvarande föreligger inga hinder för projektets genomförande.

Currently, there are no obstacles to the project's implementation.

Highly formal verb 'föreligger'.

3

Hennes gestalt var så närvarande att det kändes som om hon fortfarande var där.

Her figure was so present that it felt as if she were still there.

Literary/poetic usage.

4

Vi måste förhålla oss till den för närvarande rådande lagstiftningen.

We must relate to the currently prevailing legislation.

Complex adverbial construction.

5

En närvarande och intensiv tystnad sänkte sig över församlingen.

A present and intense silence descended over the congregation.

Atmospheric description.

6

Det i närvarande skrift behandlade ämnet är av yttersta vikt.

The subject treated in the present writing is of utmost importance.

Archivistic/Academic style.

7

Konstnärens närvarande penseldrag gav tavlan liv.

The artist's present brushstrokes gave the painting life.

Metaphorical usage.

8

Man bör sträva efter att vara närvarande i varje andetag.

One should strive to be present in every breath.

Zen-like philosophical context.

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