bitirmek
bitirmek em 30 segundos
- Bitirmek means 'to finish' or 'to complete' and is a transitive verb requiring an object.
- It is different from 'bitmek' (to end), which is used when something ends on its own.
- Commonly used for tasks, meals, schools, and even ruining someone's reputation.
- In Turkish grammar, the object usually takes the accusative case (-i, -ı, -u, -ü).
The Turkish verb bitirmek is a cornerstone of daily communication, primarily translating to 'to finish,' 'to complete,' or 'to end.' At its core, it is the transitive counterpart of the verb bitmek (to end/to be finished). While bitmek describes something ending on its own (e.g., 'The movie ended'), bitirmek describes an action performed by an agent (e.g., 'I finished the movie'). This distinction is vital for English speakers who often use 'finish' for both scenarios. In Turkish, if you are the one doing the finishing, you must use bitirmek.
- Task Completion
- This is the most common usage. Whether it is homework, a professional project, or a simple chore, bitirmek signals the finality of the effort. Example: 'Ödevimi bitirdim' (I finished my homework).
- Consumption
- It is frequently used regarding food or resources. If you finish your meal or use up all the milk, you are 'bitirmek'-ing it. It implies total consumption until nothing is left.
- Education and Careers
- When you graduate from a school or complete a specific level of education, you 'finish' that school. 'Üniversiteyi bitirdi' means 'He/She finished university.'
Lütfen yemeğini bitir, sonra dışarı çıkabilirsin.
Beyond simple tasks, the word carries weight in emotional and social contexts. Ending a relationship or a conversation often utilizes this verb. In more aggressive or slang contexts, it can even mean 'to ruin someone' or 'to finish someone off' (e.g., 'Onu bitireceğim' - I will finish/destroy him). This versatility makes it one of the top 100 verbs a learner must master. In business, 'işi bitirmek' can mean closing a deal or finalizing a task. The nuance here is the transition from a state of 'in progress' to 'done.' Culturally, Turkish society values the completion of tasks, especially in hospitality; finishing what is on your plate is a sign of respect to the host. In a classroom, a teacher might ask 'Bitiren var mı?' (Is there anyone who has finished?), using the participle form of the verb. Understanding the causative nature of the suffix '-ir-' in the root 'bit-' helps learners see how the language is built: 'bit-' (to end) + '-ir-' (cause to) = to cause to end.
Using bitirmek correctly requires attention to two main things: the Accusative Case and the Subject-Verb agreement. Because bitirmek is a transitive verb, the object it acts upon must almost always take an accusative ending if it is a specific object. For example, if you say 'I finished the book,' 'kitap' (book) becomes 'kitabı'.
- Simple Present/Aorist
- Used for habits or general truths. 'Her gün bir kitap bitiririm' (I finish a book every day).
- Past Tense
- The most common form. 'Projeyi dün bitirdik' (We finished the project yesterday). The '-di' suffix attaches to the stem 'bitir-'.
- Future Tense
- Used for promises or plans. 'Bu işi akşama kadar bitireceğim' (I will finish this work by evening).
Eğer bu kitabı bitirirsen, sana yenisini alacağım.
In complex sentences, bitirmek often takes the form of a gerund or a participle. For instance, 'Ödevini bitirip dışarı çıktı' (He finished his homework and went out). Here, 'bitirip' acts as a link between two actions. Another common structure is the use of the infinitive as a noun: 'Kitap bitirmek çok keyifli' (Finishing a book is very enjoyable). When using the imperative, 'Bitir!' (Finish it!) is a direct command. In negative forms, it becomes 'bitirme' (don't finish) or 'bitiremedim' (I couldn't finish). The latter is particularly useful for explaining why a task is still incomplete. Note that when discussing time, we don't 'finish' time; we 'spend' or 'waste' it, but we can 'finish' a period like a semester or a year. 'Bu yılı da bitirdik' (We finished this year too) is a common reflective phrase used at the end of December.
In Turkey, bitirmek is ubiquitous across various social strata. In a household, you will hear a mother telling her child, 'Tabağını bitir!' (Finish your plate!). In the educational sphere, students constantly ask each other, 'Sınavı bitirdin mi?' (Did you finish the exam?). The word implies a sense of relief and accomplishment in these contexts. In professional environments, managers might ask for a 'bitirme tarihi' (completion date) for a project. The word also appears in the titles of final projects in university, known as 'Bitirme Tezi' (Graduation Thesis) or 'Bitirme Projesi'.
- The Kitchen
- 'Sütü bitirmişsin.' (You've finished/used up the milk). It's used to point out that a supply has been depleted.
- The Workplace
- 'Toplantıyı bitirelim.' (Let's end the meeting). Here, it signifies a formal conclusion to a session.
- Entertainment
- 'Diziyi bir gecede bitirdim.' (I finished the whole series in one night). This reflects modern binge-watching culture.
Bu hızla gidersek işi erkenden bitiririz.
In Turkish dramas (diziler), you might hear a character say, 'Beni bitirdin!' (You've destroyed me / You've finished me!). This is a metaphorical use where someone's reputation, emotional state, or life has been ruined by another's actions. On the news, journalists might report on a government 'bitirme' a policy or a project. In sports, a commentator might say 'Maçı bitiren düdük çaldı' (The whistle that finished the match blew). Interestingly, the word is also used in the context of 'finishing' a school level, which is a major milestone in Turkish culture. Families celebrate 'okulu bitirmek' with great pride. Even in video games, 'level bitirmek' (finishing a level) is the standard term. The sheer frequency of the word means that as a learner, you will encounter it within the first few hours of immersion in a Turkish-speaking environment.
The most frequent error for English speakers is confusing bitmek (intransitive) with bitirmek (transitive). In English, 'to finish' can be used for both: 'The milk finished' (wrong in English, but people say 'The milk is finished') and 'I finished the milk.' In Turkish, these are strictly separated. You cannot say 'Ben bittim' to mean 'I finished (a task)'; 'Ben bittim' actually means 'I am exhausted' or 'I am doomed.' If you want to say you finished your work, you MUST say 'İşimi bitirdim.'
- The Case Error
- Forgetting the accusative marker. 'Kitap bitirdim' implies 'I finished a book' (any book), but usually, you are talking about a specific book, so it should be 'Kitabı bitirdim.'
- Overusing with Time
- Learners often say 'Zamanı bitirdim' to mean 'I finished on time.' This is incorrect. Use 'Zamanında bitirdim' (I finished in time).
Yanlış: Film bitirdi. (The film finished - sounds like the film finished something else). Doğru: Film bitti.
Another mistake is using bitirmek when tamamlamak (to complete) would be more professional. While 'bitirmek' is fine for everyday tasks, 'tamamlamak' sounds better for documents, forms, or artistic works. Additionally, don't confuse bitirmek with tüketmek (to consume/exhaust). While you can 'finish' the milk, 'tüketmek' is the more formal word for consuming resources. Also, watch out for the passive form 'bitirilmek'. Beginners often try to force a passive meaning using the active form. 'İş bitirildi' means 'The work was finished,' whereas 'İş bitirdi' would mean 'The work finished (something)'. Finally, remember that 'bitirmek' is a causative. The root 'bit-' means to grow in some contexts (like a plant), but in the context of 'bitmek/bitirmek', it always relates to ending. Don't let the 'growth' meaning of 'bitmek' (rare in modern Turkish but exists in 'ot bitmek') confuse you when you see 'bitirmek'.
While bitirmek is the go-to word for finishing, Turkish offers several nuances through synonyms. Depending on whether you are finishing a marathon, a glass of water, or a legal contract, you might choose a different verb to sound more native and precise.
- Tamamlamak
- Focuses on completion and wholeness. Use this for forms, puzzles, or projects where parts are being put together. 'Eksikleri tamamladım' (I completed the missing parts).
- Sonlandırmak
- A more formal way to say 'to end' or 'to terminate.' Often used in business or legal contexts. 'Sözleşmeyi sonlandırdık' (We terminated the contract).
- Tüketmek
- Specifically means to consume or use up. 'Enerjimi tüketti' (It exhausted my energy). It's more about the depletion of resources than the completion of a task.
Ödevi bitirmek (to finish) vs. Ödevi tamamlamak (to complete it fully).
Another alternative is nihayete erdirmek, which is very literary and formal, meaning 'to bring to a conclusion.' If you are talking about stopping an action, kesmek (to cut/stop) or durdurmak (to stop) might be more appropriate. For example, 'Gürültüyü kes!' (Stop/Cut the noise!). In the context of a relationship, 'ayrılmak' (to leave/break up) is used instead of 'bitirmek', though you can say 'İlişkiyi bitirdim' (I ended the relationship). In sports, 'bitirmek' is used for the finish line, but 'atamamak' might be used if someone fails to 'finish' a goal opportunity. Understanding these synonyms allows you to transition from A1 'basic' Turkish to a more sophisticated B2/C1 level where word choice reflects the specific context of the action.
How Formal Is It?
Curiosidade
The root 'bit-' is also found in 'bitki' (plant), because a plant 'ends' its growth by appearing from the soil. So 'bitirmek' and 'bitki' are distant cousins!
Guia de pronúncia
- Pronouncing the 'i' like 'ee' in 'bee'. It should be shorter.
- Rolling the 'r' too hard. It's a light tap.
- Putting the stress on 'bi-' instead of '-mek'.
Nível de dificuldade
Very easy to recognize in texts.
Requires remembering the accusative case for the object.
Must distinguish from 'bitmek' in real-time.
Clear pronunciation and very frequent.
O que aprender depois
Pré-requisitos
Aprenda a seguir
Avançado
Gramática essencial
Accusative Case
Kitab-ı bitirdim.
Causative Suffix -ir
Bit-mek -> Bit-ir-mek.
Gerund -ip
Bitirip gitti.
Passive Voice -il
İş bitirildi.
Potential Mood -ebil
Bitirebilirim.
Exemplos por nível
Ödevimi bitirdim.
I finished my homework.
Simple past tense, first person singular.
Yemeğini bitir.
Finish your food.
Imperative mood, second person singular.
Sütü bitirdik.
We finished the milk.
Simple past tense, first person plural.
Kitabı bitiriyorum.
I am finishing the book.
Present continuous tense.
İşini bitir!
Finish your work!
Imperative mood.
Elmayı bitirdi.
He finished the apple.
Simple past tense, third person singular.
Çayını bitiriyor musun?
Are you finishing your tea?
Present continuous question.
Dersi bitirdik.
We finished the lesson.
Simple past tense.
Okulu bu yıl bitireceğim.
I will finish school this year.
Future tense.
Bu işi çabuk bitirmelisin.
You must finish this job quickly.
Necessitative mood (-meli).
Dün iki kitap bitirdim.
I finished two books yesterday.
Past tense with a quantifier.
Lütfen projeyi bitirin.
Please finish the project.
Polite imperative.
Filmi henüz bitirmedim.
I haven't finished the movie yet.
Negative past tense.
Ekmeği kim bitirdi?
Who finished the bread?
Interrogative past tense.
Temizliği akşama bitiririz.
We will finish the cleaning by evening.
Aorist/Future implication.
Bunu bitirmek kolay değil.
Finishing this is not easy.
Infinitive as subject.
Ödevini bitirip dışarı çıktı.
He finished his homework and went out.
Gerund suffix -ip.
İşi bitirmeden gitme.
Don't go without finishing the work.
Adverbial clause -meden.
Tüm parayı bir günde bitirdi.
He spent (finished) all the money in one day.
Metaphorical use for money.
Bu kitabı bitirmek üzereyim.
I am about to finish this book.
Construction 'üzere'.
Toplantıyı bitirmeye karar verdik.
We decided to end the meeting.
Dative infinitive with 'karar vermek'.
Bitirmem gereken çok iş var.
There is a lot of work I need to finish.
Relative clause with -en.
Yemeğini bitirmeden tatlı yok.
No dessert before finishing your meal.
Conditional context.
Üniversiteyi bitirmek büyük bir başarıdır.
Finishing university is a great success.
Infinitive as a noun.
Bu tartışmayı burada bitirelim.
Let's end this argument here.
Optative mood, first person plural.
Sabrımı bitirmek üzeresin.
You are about to exhaust my patience.
Metaphorical use with 'sabrım'.
Bütün kaynakları bitirdiler.
They exhausted all the resources.
Resource depletion context.
İşi bitirince beni ara.
Call me when you finish the job.
Time clause with -ince.
Bu dizi beni gerçekten bitirdi.
This series really finished (emotionally drained) me.
Slang/Emotional use.
Projeyi zamanında bitiremedik.
We couldn't finish the project on time.
Negative potential mood (-eme).
Onun kariyerini bitirmek istiyorlar.
They want to end his career.
Abstract object (career).
Bu hızla bu yolu bitiremeyiz.
We can't finish this road at this speed.
Potential negative.
Sözleşmeyi tek taraflı olarak bitirdiler.
They ended the contract unilaterally.
Formal/Legal context.
Bu hamle rakibini tamamen bitirdi.
This move completely finished his opponent.
Competitive/Strategic context.
Yazar, romanı beklenmedik bir şekilde bitirmiş.
The author reportedly finished the novel in an unexpected way.
Evidential past tense (-miş).
Onu bitiren şey kendi hırsıydı.
What finished (ruined) him was his own ambition.
Philosophical/Causal structure.
Bu kriz birçok küçük işletmeyi bitirdi.
This crisis finished off many small businesses.
Economic context.
Konuşmasını alkışlarla bitirdi.
He finished his speech with applause.
Instrumental case with 'alkışlarla'.
Dava, delil yetersizliğinden bitirildi.
The case was closed due to lack of evidence.
Passive voice 'bitirilmek'.
İlişkimizi bitirmeye mecbur kaldım.
I was forced to end our relationship.
Passive construction 'mecbur kalmak'.
Müellif, eserini nihayete erdirmeyi başardı.
The author succeeded in bringing his work to a conclusion.
High literary style using 'nihayete erdirmek' as a synonym.
Bu sessizlik beni içten içe bitiriyor.
This silence is finishing me off (consuming me) from the inside.
Deeply metaphorical/Poetic.
Siyasi hayatını bir gece yarısı kararnamesiyle bitirdiler.
They ended his political life with a midnight decree.
Complex political context.
Ömrünü bu vakfa hizmet ederek bitirdi.
He finished (spent) his life serving this foundation.
Life-span context.
Olayı tüm detaylarıyla bitirip rafa kaldırdılar.
They finished the matter with all details and shelved it.
Idiomatic 'rafa kaldırmak'.
Onun bu tavrı bendeki tüm saygıyı bitirdi.
This attitude of his finished (destroyed) all the respect I had.
Abstract emotional depletion.
Makaleyi bitirmek üzereyken elektrikler kesildi.
Just as I was about to finish the article, the power went out.
Complex temporal clause.
Bu projeyi bitirmek, onun için bir onur meselesiydi.
Finishing this project was a matter of honor for him.
Abstract noun phrase.
Colocações comuns
Frases Comuns
Frequentemente confundido com
Bitmek is intransitive (something ends), bitirmek is transitive (you finish something).
Sounds similar but means 'to bring'.
Sounds similar but means 'to lose'.
Expressões idiomáticas
— To kill someone or to ruin someone's career/life.
Mafya onun işini bitirdi.
slang/aggressive— To stop someone from speaking mid-sentence.
Lafımı ağzımda bitirdi.
neutral— The final, decisive blow (common in sports).
Forvet oyuncusu bitirici vuruşu yaptı.
sports— Someone who is efficient and gets things done.
O çok iş bitirici bir avukat.
colloquial— To run out of energy (like a battery).
Akşama doğru pilim bitti (bitirdim).
informalFácil de confundir
Phonetically similar and related meaning.
Bitmek is for things ending by themselves; bitirmek is for an agent ending something.
Ders bitti (The lesson ended) vs. Dersi bitirdim (I finished the lesson).
Both translate to finish/complete.
Tamamlamak implies making something whole or filling gaps; bitirmek is simply reaching the end.
Bulmacayı tamamladım (I completed the puzzle).
Both involve using something up.
Tüketmek is more formal and specific to resources; bitirmek is more general.
Enerjiyi tükettik.
Can mean to end an action.
Kesmek implies an abrupt stop or cutting; bitirmek implies a natural conclusion.
Sözünü kesti (He cut him off).
Both mean to end.
Sonlandırmak is formal/bureaucratic; bitirmek is everyday language.
Üyeliğini sonlandırdı.
Padrões de frases
[Object]-i bitirdim.
Ödevi bitirdim.
[Object]-i bitireceğim.
Okulu bitireceğim.
[Object]-i bitirip [Verb].
Yemeği bitirip yattı.
[Object]-i bitirmek üzereyim.
İşi bitirmek üzereyim.
[Object]-i bitirmek zorunda kaldım.
İlişkiyi bitirmek zorunda kaldım.
[Abstract]-i bitirmek [Noun Phrase].
Sabrımı bitirmek büyük bir hataydı.
[Object]-i bitir!
Sütünü bitir!
[Object]-i bitirmeden [Verb].
İşi bitirmeden çıkma.
Família de palavras
Substantivos
Verbos
Adjetivos
Relacionado
Como usar
Extremely high in daily Turkish.
Memorize
Mnemônico
Think of a 'BIT' of something. You finish every last 'BIT' of it. BIT-irmek.
Associação visual
Imagine a runner breaking the tape at the finish line. The tape is the 'end' (bitiş) and they are 'bitirmek'-ing the race.
Word Web
Desafio
Try to use 'bitirmek' in three different tenses today: what you finished yesterday, what you are finishing now, and what you will finish tonight.
Origem da palavra
Derived from the Old Turkic root 'bit-' which means to end, to conclude, or to grow/ripen. The causative suffix '-ir' was added to create the transitive meaning.
Significado original: To cause something to reach its end or completion.
TurkicContexto cultural
Be careful using 'Seni bitireceğim' as it is a direct threat of destruction/ruin.
English speakers use 'finish' for both 'The movie finished' (intransitive) and 'I finished the movie' (transitive). Turkish requires two different verbs: 'bitmek' and 'bitirmek'.
Pratique na vida real
Contextos reais
School
- Ödevi bitirdin mi?
- Okulu ne zaman bitiriyorsun?
- Sınavı bitirdim.
- Bitirme tezi.
Home
- Yemeğini bitir.
- Sütü kim bitirdi?
- Temizliği bitirdik.
- Diziyi bitirdim.
Work
- İşi bitirelim.
- Raporu bitirdim mi?
- Projeyi bitirmek üzereyiz.
- İş bitirici.
Shopping
- Parayı bitirdim.
- Stokları bitirdiler.
- İndirim bitmek üzere.
- Alışverişi bitirdik.
Relationships
- İlişkiyi bitirdik.
- Beni bitirdin.
- Sözünü bitir.
- Tartışmayı bitirelim.
Iniciadores de conversa
"Bugün bitirmen gereken en önemli iş nedir?"
"En son hangi kitabı bitirdin?"
"Üniversiteyi hangi bölümde bitirdin?"
"Bir diziyi bir günde bitirebilir misin?"
"Tabağındaki yemeği her zaman bitirir misin?"
Temas para diário
Bugün bitirdiğin üç şeyi yaz.
Gelecekte bitirmek istediğin en büyük proje nedir?
Okulu bitirdiğin gün neler hissettin? Detaylıca anlat.
Bir şeyi bitirmek mi daha zordur yoksa başlamak mı?
Hayatında 'beni bitirdi' dediğin bir anı anlat.
Perguntas frequentes
2 perguntasNo, 'Ben bittim' means 'I am exhausted' or 'I am ruined.' To say you finished work, say 'İşimi bitirdim.'
Usually yes, if the object is specific. If you say 'I finished a book
Summary
Bitirmek is your primary tool for expressing completion. Use it whenever YOU are the one ending a task. Example: 'İşimi bitirdim' (I finished my work). Never say 'Ben bittim' unless you mean 'I am exhausted'!
- Bitirmek means 'to finish' or 'to complete' and is a transitive verb requiring an object.
- It is different from 'bitmek' (to end), which is used when something ends on its own.
- Commonly used for tasks, meals, schools, and even ruining someone's reputation.
- In Turkish grammar, the object usually takes the accusative case (-i, -ı, -u, -ü).
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