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B1 verb #2,000 mais comum 5 min de leitura

分配

fēnpèi Top 2,000

Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas 分配 em 30 segundos

Explicação 分配 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you might not use '分配' (fēnpèi) often, as it is a bit formal. However, you can understand it as a way to say 'give things to many people.' Imagine a teacher giving books to students. In simple Chinese, you might just say '给' (gěi - give), but '分配' is the 'grown-up' way to describe that action. At this level, focus on the idea of 'dividing' (分) and 'giving' (配). If you see this word, think of a group of people getting their fair share of something, like apples or pencils in a classroom. It is a useful word to recognize when you start learning about work or school environments where things are handed out systematically.

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By A2, you are starting to talk about daily routines and work. '分配' (fēnpèi) becomes useful for describing how you manage your time or how chores are done at home. For example, you might say '我们分配家务' (We distribute the housework). This is more precise than just saying 'we do housework.' It shows that you and your family have a plan—one person washes dishes, another cleans the floor. You might also hear it in a simple office context, like '分配任务' (assigning tasks). At this level, try to use it with '时间' (time) to say '分配时间' (allocate time), which is a great way to sound more advanced when talking about your study schedule.

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At the B1 level, '分配' (fēnpèi) is a key vocabulary word. You should be able to use it comfortably in professional and academic settings. You will use it to discuss '资源分配' (resource allocation) or '利益分配' (distribution of benefits). This level requires you to understand the 'ba' construction with this word: '把任务分配给每个人' (Assign the tasks to everyone). You should also recognize it in news reports about the economy, specifically regarding '收入分配' (income distribution). It's no longer just about 'giving'; it's about the logic and system behind how things are shared. You'll also start to see it in more abstract contexts, like '分配注意力' (allocating attention).

At the B2 level, you are expected to use '分配' (fēnpèi) in complex discussions about society and management. You will encounter it in phrases like '按劳分配' (distribution according to work), which is a core concept in Chinese economic theory. You should be able to debate whether a certain '分配' is '公平' (fair) or '合理' (reasonable). You will also see it in technical contexts, such as '内存分配' (memory allocation) in IT or '遗产分配' (distribution of an inheritance) in legal contexts. At this level, you should be sensitive to the collocations—knowing which adverbs and adjectives naturally pair with '分配' to express nuanced opinions about organizational efficiency or social justice.

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At the C1 level, '分配' (fēnpèi) is used with high precision in academic writing and formal speeches. You will analyze the '分配机制' (distribution mechanism) of various systems. You might discuss the '再分配' (redistribution) of wealth through taxation or the '初次分配' (primary distribution) in the market. The word becomes a tool for structural analysis. You will also use it metaphorically in literature or high-level journalism to describe the '分配' of power or influence within a political landscape. Your mastery should include understanding how '分配' interacts with other formal terms like '均衡' (equilibrium) and '调控' (regulation) to describe complex systemic processes.

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At the C2 level, '分配' (fēnpèi) is a fundamental concept in your philosophical and socio-political discourse. You can use it to discuss the '分配正义' (distributive justice) of John Rawls or the Marxist theories of '分配方式' (modes of distribution). You understand the deep historical weight the word carries in the context of China's transition from a planned to a market economy. You can use the word to critique subtle systemic biases in how '社会资源' (social resources) are allocated across different demographics. At this level, the word is not just a verb; it is a lens through which you analyze the power structures and ethical foundations of a society, used with effortless native-like fluency in both written and spoken forms.

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Pratique Exemplos Notas e dicas

分配 em 30 segundos

分配 (fēnpèi) means to distribute or allocate resources, tasks, or time systematically.
It is commonly used in work, school, and economic contexts to describe planned sharing.
Grammatically, it functions as both a verb (to assign) and a noun (distribution).
It differs from 'sharing' (分享) by being more formal and authoritative.

The word 分配 (fēnpèi) is a foundational Chinese verb that describes the act of dividing something—whether tangible like money or intangible like time—and assigning it to specific people, places, or purposes. It is composed of two characters: 分 (fēn), meaning 'to divide' or 'to separate,' and 配 (pèi), meaning 'to match' or 'to distribute.' Together, they create a sense of organized, intentional distribution rather than random scattering.

Literal Breakdown: The character '分' suggests the physical act of cutting or splitting, while '配' adds the nuance of appropriateness or matching. Thus, '分配' isn't just about giving things away; it's about ensuring that the right amounts go to the right recipients.
Economic Context: In social sciences and economics, '分配' refers to the distribution of wealth, income, or resources among individuals or groups within a society. It is a key term in discussions about equity and policy.

“经理正在给团队分配下周的任务。” (The manager is assigning tasks to the team for next week.)

Beyond simple physical objects, this word is frequently applied to abstract concepts. For instance, one can allocate time (分配时间), energy (分配精力), or even roles in a play. It implies a level of authority or planning; usually, there is a 'distributor' (a person, a system, or a government) and 'recipients.'

“合理的资源分配是项目成功的关键。” (Reasonable resource allocation is the key to project success.)

In a historical context, especially in China's planned economy era, '分配' was a central term referring to the state's role in assigning jobs and housing to citizens. While the economy has changed, the word remains deeply embedded in the vocabulary of administration and management.

Using 分配 (fēnpèi) correctly requires understanding its grammatical flexibility as both a verb and a noun. In most cases, it follows the structure: Subject + 分配 + Object.

As a Verb: When used as a verb, it often takes objects like 任务 (tasks), 奖金 (bonuses), 土地 (land), or 时间 (time). Example: 我们必须公平地分配工作。 (We must distribute the work fairly.)
As a Noun: As a noun, it refers to the system or result of distribution. Example: 收入分配 (income distribution) or 财富分配 (wealth distribution).

“学校把新老师分配到了偏远地区。” (The school assigned the new teacher to a remote area.)

One common construction involves the preposition 给 (gěi). You can say 分配任务给某人 (assign tasks to someone) or 把任务分配给某人 using the 'ba' construction. The latter is very common in spoken and written Chinese to emphasize the object being distributed.

In professional settings, you will often see it paired with adverbs like 合理 (hélǐ - reasonably), 公平 (gōngpíng - fairly), or 重新 (chóngxīn - re-). For example, 重新分配利益 (redistribute benefits) is a common phrase in business negotiations.

You will encounter 分配 (fēnpèi) in several distinct environments, ranging from the corporate boardroom to the evening news. Understanding these contexts helps in choosing the right tone.

The Workplace: This is perhaps the most common setting. Managers '分配工作' (assign work) and '分配资源' (allocate resources). If you are in a meeting, you might hear: “我们需要讨论一下预算的分配。” (We need to discuss the allocation of the budget.)
Academic & Scientific Settings: In research, scientists might talk about the '分配' of samples or the '分配' of subjects into different experimental groups. In computer science, '内存分配' (memory allocation) is a technical term.

“政府正在制定新的财富分配政策。” (The government is formulating new wealth distribution policies.)

In the news, '分配' is frequently used in the context of social justice and economics. Phrases like 按劳分配 (àn láo fēnpèi)—distribution according to work—are central to Chinese economic ideology. You will also hear it during disaster relief, where the '分配' of supplies (物资) is a critical operation.

While 分配 (fēnpèi) is a straightforward word, learners often trip up on its specific usage constraints and its relationship with similar-looking words.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 分享 (fēnxiǎng): Learners often use '分配' when they mean 'to share' socially. If you say “我分配了我的快乐”, it sounds like you are a robot distributing units of joy. Use '分享' for emotions, experiences, and social sharing.
Mistake 2: Incorrect Word Order with '给': Some students say “分配我任务”. While understandable, the more natural structures are “分配任务给我” or “给我分配任务”.

“✗ 老师分配了我们作业。”
“✓ 老师给我们分配了作业。”

Another common error is using '分配' for physical separation. If you want to say 'separate the two groups,' use 分开 (fēnkāi) or 划分 (huàfēn). '分配' implies that there is a pool of something being handed out to different parties.

Chinese has several words that involve 'dividing' or 'giving.' Understanding the nuances between 分配 and its synonyms is crucial for B1 and B2 learners.

分配 (fēnpèi) vs. 划分 (huàfēn): '分配' is about giving out portions (tasks, money). '划分' is about drawing boundaries or categorizing (dividing a territory, dividing a period of history).
分配 (fēnpèi) vs. 派 (pài): '派' (or 派遣 pàiqiǎn) is specifically for sending people to do a job. You '分配' a task, but you '派' a person to a city.
分配 (fēnpèi) vs. 布置 (bùzhì): '布置' is often used for homework (布置作业) or decorating a room. While '分配' can be used for homework, '布置' sounds more like 'setting' or 'arranging.'

“我们把土地分配给农民，并将区域划分为五个部分。” (We allocated the land to farmers and divided the area into five parts.)

In summary, use 分配 when you are focusing on the allocation of resources or duties from a central source to various recipients.

How Formal Is It?

Nível de dificuldade

Gramática essencial

Ba-construction

Resultative complements

Directional complements

Passive voice (被)

Adverbial modifiers

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Exemplos por nível

老师分配书。

The teacher distributes books.

Simple Subject + Verb + Object structure.

我们要分配苹果。

We need to distribute the apples.

Using '要' (want/need) before the verb.

分配工作。

Distribute the work.

Imperative or simple phrase.

他分配了任务。

He assigned the tasks.

Using '了' for completed action.

谁来分配？

Who will distribute?

Question with '谁' (who).

请分配一下。

Please distribute it.

Using '一下' to soften the request.

分配给学生。

Distribute to students.

Using '给' to indicate the recipient.

不公平的分配。

Unfair distribution.

Using '分配' as a noun with an adjective.

妈妈分配我们洗碗。

Mom assigned us to wash dishes.

Verb + Person + Action.

你应该合理分配时间。

You should allocate your time reasonably.

Adverb '合理' + Verb.

经理分配了新办公室。

The manager assigned new offices.

Standard SVO.

我们怎么分配这笔钱？

How do we distribute this money?

Question with '怎么' (how).

老师把作业分配好了。

The teacher has finished assigning the homework.

Ba-construction + resultative '好了'.

这个工作很难分配。

This work is hard to distribute.

Adjective '难' + Verb.

他分配到了二组。

He was assigned to group two.

Passive-like meaning with '到'.

分配任务是经理的事。

Assigning tasks is the manager's job.

Gerund-like use as a subject.

公司正在分配年终奖金。

The company is distributing year-end bonuses.

Present continuous with '正在'.

资源分配不均会导致问题。

Uneven resource allocation will lead to problems.

Noun phrase as subject.

我们需要重新分配角色。

We need to redistribute the roles.

Using '重新' (re-).

他把精力分配在学习上。

He allocates his energy to studying.

Ba-construction + '在...上'.

这些物资将分配给灾区。

These supplies will be distributed to the disaster area.

Future tense with '将'.

这个软件会自动分配内存。

This software will automatically allocate memory.

Technical usage.

我们需要一个公平的分配方案。

We need a fair distribution plan.

Modifying a noun '方案'.

任务已经分配下去了。

The tasks have already been assigned (downwards).

Directional complement '下去'.

合理的收入分配有助于社会稳定。

Reasonable income distribution contributes to social stability.

Formal academic tone.

董事会讨论了利润分配问题。

The board discussed the issue of profit distribution.

Compound noun '利润分配'.

这种权力分配是不平衡的。

This distribution of power is unbalanced.

Abstract concept usage.

他被分配到了生产部门。

He was assigned to the production department.

Passive voice with '被'.

我们要优化资源的配置与分配。

We need to optimize the configuration and allocation of resources.

Pairing with '配置' (configuration).

按劳分配是我们的基本原则。

Distribution according to work is our basic principle.

Fixed economic phrase.

政府必须干预财富的再分配。

The government must intervene in the redistribution of wealth.

Using '再分配' (redistribution).

他擅长分配团队的各项职责。

He is good at assigning various responsibilities to the team.

Verb + complex object.

初次分配应注重效率，再分配应注重公平。

Primary distribution should focus on efficiency; redistribution should focus on fairness.

Parallel structure in formal discourse.

该政策旨在缩小收入分配差距。

The policy aims to narrow the income distribution gap.

Formal verb '旨在' (aims to).

资源的错配源于分配机制的不完善。

The misallocation of resources stems from the imperfection of the distribution mechanism.

Abstract nouns and formal causal link.

法律规定了遗产分配的先后顺序。

The law stipulates the order of priority for inheritance distribution.

Legal terminology.

全球化改变了国际利益的分配格局。

Globalization has changed the pattern of international interest distribution.

High-level geopolitical context.

我们需要审视现有的社会资源分配方式。

We need to examine the existing ways of social resource distribution.

Formal verb '审视' (examine).

市场在资源分配中起决定性作用。

The market plays a decisive role in resource allocation.

Economic policy language.

这种分配模式在长期内是不可持续的。

This distribution model is unsustainable in the long run.

Formal evaluative statement.

分配正义是政治哲学中的核心议题。

Distributive justice is a core issue in political philosophy.

Philosophical terminology.

要素分配份额的变动反映了产业结构的升级。

Changes in factor distribution shares reflect the upgrading of the industrial structure.

Advanced economic analysis.

权力在不同层级间的分配需遵循制衡原则。

The distribution of power across different levels must follow the principle of checks and balances.

Political science context.

该理论探讨了信息不对称对分配效率的影响。

The theory explores the impact of information asymmetry on distribution efficiency.

Academic research language.

通过税收手段实现社会财富的二次分配。

Achieve the secondary distribution of social wealth through taxation means.

Policy implementation language.

分配关系的变革往往是社会转型的先导。

The transformation of distribution relations is often the precursor to social transition.

Sociological observation.

我们必须警惕分配不公导致的阶层固化。

We must be wary of class stratification caused by unfair distribution.

Critical social commentary.

该算法优化了分布式系统中的负载分配。

The algorithm optimized the load distribution in the distributed system.

Advanced technical/engineering context.

Sinônimos

分发指派划拨摊派布置

Antônimos

收集合并垄断

Colocações comuns

分配任务

分配资源

分配时间

分配奖金

分配工作

分配名额

分配财产

收入分配

公平分配

合理分配

Frases Comuns

重新分配

按劳分配

利益分配

权力分配

遗产分配

土地分配

名额分配

随机分配

平均分配

自动分配

Frequentemente confundido com

分配 vs 分享 (Social sharing)

分配 vs 分布 (Spatial distribution)

分配 vs 分开 (Physical separation)

Expressões idiomáticas

"按劳分配"

"分配不公"

"均贫富"

"各得其所"

"分工合作"

"按需分配"

"一视同仁"

"公平竞争"

"统筹兼顾"

"利尽其用"

Fácil de confundir

分配 vs 分享

Sharing for enjoyment vs. systematic allocation.

分配 vs 分布

Where things are located vs. the act of giving them out.

分配 vs 划分

Dividing into categories/areas vs. giving out portions.

分配 vs 派遣

Sending people vs. assigning things/tasks.

分配 vs 布置

Setting up/arranging vs. distributing.

Padrões de frases

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Como usar

nuance

More formal than '分' (fēn).

collocation limit

Usually implies a limited pool of resources.

Erros comuns

Dicas

Using the Ba-construction

Always try to use '把 [thing] 分配给 [person]' to sound more like a native speaker when giving instructions.

Pair with '合理'

The phrase '合理分配' (hélǐ fēnpèi) is a high-frequency collocation that works in almost any context.

Understand the History

Knowing that '分配' once meant state-assigned jobs helps you understand its weight in older literature.

Tone Accuracy

Make sure the fourth tone on 'pèi' is sharp and clear to distinguish it from other 'pei' sounds.

Formal Reports

Use '分配' as a noun (e.g., '资源的分配') to make your business reports sound more professional.

Context Clues

If you hear '分配' in the news, it's almost always about money, land, or power.

Abstract Objects

Don't limit '分配' to physical things; use it for '精力' (energy) and '注意力' (attention).

Don't confuse with 分布

Remember: '分配' is an action (giving), '分布' is a state (location).

Management Speak

In a job interview, talk about how you '分配任务' to show leadership skills.

Time Management

Practice saying '我要合理分配学习时间' every morning to reinforce the word.

Memorize

Origem da palavra

Ancient Chinese characters. '分' depicts a knife (刀) dividing something. '配' depicts a wine vessel (酉) and a person kneeling, originally meaning to mix wine or match.

Contexto cultural

Used in discussions about housing allocation and university quotas.

Refers to the 'Iron Rice Bowl' system where jobs were assigned.

Pratique na vida real

Contextos reais

Iniciadores de conversa

"在你们公司，任务是怎么分配的？"

"你觉得现在的财富分配公平吗？"

"你是如何分配每天的学习时间的？"

"如果你有十万块，你会怎么分配？"

"在家里，谁负责分配家务？"

Temas para diário

描述一次你负责分配任务的经历。

写一写你对‘公平分配’的看法。

你认为政府应该如何分配教育资源？

记录你今天是如何分配精力的。

如果可以重新分配你的时间，你会做什么？

Perguntas frequentes

10 perguntas

No, for secrets or emotions, use '分享' (fēnxiǎng). '分配' is for resources or tasks.

It is more formal than '分', but common in daily life for chores or time management.

'配置' (pèizhì) often refers to configuration or deployment of high-level resources, while '分配' is the act of giving them out.

No, you should say '分配给我' or '给我分配'.

It is '收入分配' (shōurù fēnpèi).

Yes, in the sense of assigning someone to a location or department (e.g., '分配到上海').

It means 'distribution according to one's work'—a key economic principle.

It can be both, depending on the context.

Yes, if you are doing it in a formal or systematic way, but '分' is more common for food.

Not necessarily, which is why people often add '公平' (fair) or '不公' (unfair) to it.

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