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Sleep Is Your Superpower | Matt Walker | TED
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Thank you very much.
Well, I would like to start with testicles.
(Laughter)
Men who sleep five hours a night
have significantly smaller testicles than those who sleep seven hours or more.
(Laughter)
In addition, men who routinely sleep just four to five hours a night
will have a level of testosterone
which is that of someone 10 years their senior.
So a lack of sleep will age a man by a decade
in terms of that critical aspect of wellness.
And we see equivalent impairments in female reproductive health
caused by a lack of sleep.
This is the best news that I have for you today.
(Laughter)
From this point, it may only get worse.
Not only will I tell you about the wonderfully good things
that happen when you get sleep,
but the alarmingly bad things that happen when you don't get enough,
both for your brain and for your body.
Let me start with the brain
and the functions of learning and memory,
because what we've discovered over the past 10 or so years
is that you need sleep after learning
to essentially hit the save button on those new memories
so that you don't forget.
But recently, we discovered that you also need sleep before learning
to actually prepare your brain,
almost like a dry sponge
ready to initially soak up new information.
And without sleep, the memory circuits of the brain
essentially become waterlogged, as it were,
and you can't absorb new memories.
So let me show you the data.
Here in this study, we decided to test the hypothesis
that pulling the all-nighter was a good idea.
So we took a group of individuals
and we assigned them to one of two experimental groups:
a sleep group and a sleep deprivation group.
Now the sleep group, they're going to get a full eight hours of slumber,
but the deprivation group, we're going to keep them awake
in the laboratory, under full supervision.
There's no naps or caffeine, by the way, so it's miserable for everyone involved.
And then the next day,
we're going to place those participants inside an MRI scanner
and we're going to have them try and learn a whole list of new facts
as we're taking snapshots of brain activity.
And then we're going to test them
to see how effective that learning has been.
And that's what you're looking at here on the vertical axis.
And when you put those two groups head to head,
what you find is a quite significant, 40-percent deficit
in the ability of the brain to make new memories without sleep.
I think this should be concerning,
considering what we know is happening to sleep
in our education populations right now.
In fact, to put that in context,
it would be the difference in a child acing an exam
versus failing it miserably -- 40 percent.
And we've gone on to discover what goes wrong within your brain
to produce these types of learning disabilities.
And there's a structure that sits
on the left and the right side of your brain, called the hippocampus.
And you can think of the hippocampus
almost like the informational inbox of your brain.
It's very good at receiving new memory files
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