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English Sentence Structure - English Grammar Lesson
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Hi, I’m Olivier.
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
In this lesson, you can learn about sentence structure in English.
You’ll learn how to construct all kinds of sentences in English, from the simplest
possible sentences, to long, complex sentences which contain many different ideas.
To begin, a question:
What’s the simplest sentence you can make in English?
What does every sentence in English need?
Every sentence needs a verb.
The simplest sentence is an imperative, which means when you tell someone to do something.
For example:
Run!
Leave!
Work!
These are the simplest complete sentences you can make in English; they’re just one
word long!
Of course, most sentences are longer than this.
Most sentences that are longer than one word also need a noun before the verb.
This noun is the subject.
With a subject plus a verb, you can make simple sentences like:
He runs.
She left.
They’re working.
You can see that the verb can be in different forms: past or present, simple or continuous.
The verb form doesn’t change the structure of the sentence.
These are all the same: subject plus verb.
Of course, these sentences aren’t very interesting.
You can’t say much with short sentences like these.
Let’s add a little more information.
Take the sentence he runs.
What could you add after runs to make it longer?
You could add an adverb of place:
He runs around the park.
You could add an adverb of time:
He runs every morning.
You could add both:
He runs around the park every morning.
You could add an adverb of manner:
He runs slowly.
You can see that you have many choices, but your choices are also limited.
In this case, you can use different kinds of adverbs, but there are also things you
can’t use.
For example, you can’t use another verb after run, you can’t use an adjective, and
you can’t use a noun, or at least you can’t use a noun with this meaning of run.
This is an important point, so let’s look at it in more detail.
To build grammatically complete sentences in English, there’s one important question:
what needs to come next?
For example, you saw the sentence he runs.
That’s a complete sentence.
You can put a full stop after runs, and it’s correct.
It’s very basic, but it’s correct.
What about these:
She likes He wants
We go
These aren’t complete sentences.
Can you explain why not?
They aren’t complete, very simply, because they aren’t finished.
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