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erzürnen

B1 verb #8,000 最常用 10分钟阅读

erzürnen

to enrage, to infuriate

前8,000

At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'erzürnen' yourself yet. It is a very advanced and formal word. Instead, you should focus on the basic word for 'angry', which is 'sauer' or 'wütend'. For example, you might say 'Ich bin sauer' (I am angry). 'Erzürnen' is a verb that means 'to make someone very, very angry'. Imagine a king in a fairy tale who is very angry because someone stole his gold—that is the kind of anger 'erzürnen' describes. Even though you won't use it in daily life, knowing that it comes from the word 'Zorn' (wrath) can help you if you see it in a book. Just remember: erzürnen = to make someone very angry. It is much stronger than 'ärgern' (to annoy). If your friend is 5 minutes late, you are 'geärgert'. If your friend steals your car, you might be 'erzürnt'. But for now, stick to 'jemanden wütend machen'. It is easier to say and more common in everyday German. You will mostly see 'erzürnen' in very formal writing or old stories. If you see the 'er-' at the beginning, it often means something is changing. In this case, someone is changing from being calm to being full of 'Zorn' (wrath). It's a useful word to recognize as you start reading more complex German texts.

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At the A2 level, you are expanding your vocabulary to include more specific emotions. While 'erzürnen' is still quite formal, you might encounter it in news headlines or slightly more advanced reading materials. It is a transitive verb, which means it needs an object. You 'erzürnen' someone. For example: 'Der Lärm erzürnt den Nachbarn' (The noise enrages the neighbor). Note that the neighbor is in the accusative case ('den Nachbarn'). You should also recognize the adjective 'erzürnt', which means 'enraged'. If you see a headline like 'Erzürnte Bürger protestieren', it means 'Enraged citizens are protesting'. This is a step up from just being 'böse' (angry) or 'sauer'. It implies a more serious reason for the anger. You can think of it as 'to infuriate'. In your own speaking, you can still use 'wütend machen', but try to recognize 'erzürnen' when you hear it in formal contexts. It's a great word to know for understanding the news. Remember the structure: [Subject] + erzürnt + [Person in Accusative]. It is a regular verb, so the past tense is 'erzürnte' and the perfect tense is 'hat erzürnt'. Learning this word helps you distinguish between different 'levels' of anger in German, which is a key skill as you move toward the B1 level.

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As a B1 learner, 'erzürnen' is a word you should definitely have in your passive vocabulary and start using in your formal writing. It is the perfect word to use when you are writing an essay or a formal letter of complaint. It shows that you have a nuanced understanding of German synonyms. Instead of always using 'jemanden wütend machen', you can use 'erzürnen' to describe a situation that causes significant and perhaps justified anger. For example, 'Die Entscheidung der Firma, die Preise zu erhöhen, erzürnte viele Kunden' (The company's decision to raise prices enraged many customers). This sounds much more professional than using 'machte viele Kunden wütend'. You should also be aware of the noun it is based on: 'der Zorn' (wrath). In B1, you are expected to understand more than just basic communication; you are beginning to appreciate style and register. 'Erzürnen' belongs to a higher register. It is often used in political discussions or when talking about social issues. You might also see it in the reflexive form 'sich erzürnen über...', although this is more common in literature. Focus on using it as a transitive verb. When you use it, you convey that the anger is not just a fleeting feeling but a deep reaction to something important. This word will help you sound more like a native speaker in formal settings and will improve your reading comprehension of German newspapers like 'Die Zeit' or 'Der Spiegel'.

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'erzürnen' in both spoken and written contexts where a formal tone is required. You should understand the subtle differences between 'erzürnen', 'aufbringen', 'empören', and 'verärgern'. 'Erzürnen' specifically highlights the 'Zorn' (wrath) aspect—it's a very 'hot' and intense anger. You can use it to describe historical events, such as 'Die hohen Steuern erzürnten die Kolonisten'. It is also useful in business German when describing a serious breach of trust or a major failure. For example, 'Das unprofessionelle Verhalten des Partners erzürnte den Vorstand zutiefst'. At this level, you should also be able to use the past participle 'erzürnt' as an adjective with various prepositions, most commonly 'über'. 'Er war erzürnt über die mangelnde Unterstützung'. You should also recognize the word in more abstract contexts, such as 'das Schicksal erzürnen' (to provoke fate). Understanding the 'er-' prefix as an inchoative marker (indicating the beginning of a state) will help you relate it to other verbs like 'erblassen' (to turn pale) or 'erröten' (to blush). Your ability to choose 'erzürnen' over 'wütend machen' in a formal presentation will demonstrate a high level of linguistic sophistication. It shows that you can adapt your language to the situation, which is a key requirement for the B2 level. You should also be able to identify the word's presence in classical literature and understand the emotional gravity it brings to a scene.

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For C1 learners, 'erzürnen' is a tool for precision and stylistic flair. You should use it to differentiate between different types of societal and personal anger. In a C1-level essay, you might analyze how a certain policy 'die Massen erzürnt' while another merely 'die Gemüter erhitzt'. You should also be familiar with the more archaic or literary uses, such as the reflexive 'er erzürnte sich', and understand how it contributes to the characterization in a novel. At this level, you can also explore the etymological roots more deeply, connecting 'erzürnen' to the broader Germanic concept of 'Zorn' and how it differs from the Latin-based 'Angst' or 'Aggression'. You should be able to use the word in complex sentence structures, including passive voice and subjunctive moods: 'Es hieß, der König sei über die Nachricht tief erzürnt gewesen'. Furthermore, you should recognize 'erzürnen' in metaphorical contexts, such as 'die Meere erzürnen' (to make the seas stormy/angry). Your mastery of this word involves knowing exactly when NOT to use it—recognizing that in a casual conversation with friends, it would sound out of place or ironically dramatic. You should also be aware of its collocations, such as 'jemanden zutiefst erzürnen' or 'sich leicht erzürnen lassen'. In professional environments, using this word in a formal complaint can signal that you are a highly competent speaker who knows how to use language to exert pressure or express serious discontent. It is a word of authority.

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At the C2 level, your understanding of 'erzürnen' should be near-native, encompassing all its historical, literary, and stylistic nuances. You should be able to appreciate the word's use in the Bible (Luther-Bibel) and how that has shaped the German perception of 'Zorn' as a divine or righteous emotion. You can use 'erzürnen' to discuss complex psychological states in literature or philosophy, perhaps comparing it to the Greek 'thymos'. In your own writing, you can use it to create a specific atmosphere—using its slightly archaic feel to evoke a sense of timelessness or gravity. You should be able to manipulate the word in any grammatical construction, including participial phrases: 'Vom Hochmut des Ministers erzürnt, verließ der Botschafter den Raum'. You should also be sensitive to the rhythmic qualities of the word in poetry or prose. Beyond just 'anger', you understand 'erzürnen' as a catalyst for action; it is the spark that leads to rebellion, war, or profound change. You can also identify its usage in legal history or older administrative German. At this level, 'erzürnen' is not just a vocabulary item but a cultural artifact that you can use to navigate the deepest levels of German discourse. You might even use it ironically to mock someone who is taking themselves too seriously. Your command of the word is absolute, allowing you to use it with total confidence in any context, from a scholarly article to a high-stakes negotiation.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

erzürnen 30秒了解

A formal verb meaning 'to enrage' or 'to infuriate', derived from the noun 'Zorn' (wrath).
Used in elevated language, literature, and news rather than daily casual conversation.
Requires a direct object in the accusative case (e.g., den Chef erzürnen).
Often implies a sense of righteous anger or a reaction to a serious violation of values.

The German verb erzürnen is a powerful and somewhat formal term that translates most accurately to 'to enrage', 'to infuriate', or 'to provoke to wrath'. At its core, it is derived from the noun der Zorn, which means wrath or deep-seated anger. Unlike the common verb ärgern, which might describe the mild annoyance of losing one's keys or being stuck in traffic, erzürnen implies a much more significant and often righteous indignation. When you use this word, you are describing an action or a situation that has triggered a profound emotional response, often linked to a sense of injustice or a violation of one's values. In modern German, you will encounter this word more frequently in literary contexts, high-level journalism, or formal debates rather than in casual street slang. It carries a weight of seriousness that makes it perfect for describing the reactions of historical figures, deities in mythology, or the public's response to a scandalous political decision.

Intensity: This verb sits at the high end of the anger spectrum. It is not just about being 'mad'; it is about being 'incensed'.

Die ungerechte Behandlung der Arbeiter erzürnte die gesamte Bevölkerung.

Historically, the 'er-' prefix in German often denotes a transition into a state or the successful completion of an action. Therefore, erzürnen literally means 'to bring someone into a state of Zorn (wrath)'. You will hear it in news broadcasts discussing international relations where one country's actions might 'erzürnen' another. It is also a staple in classical German literature, where kings and gods are frequently 'erzürnt' by the disobedience of their subjects. In a professional setting, if a client is 'erzürnt', it means they are beyond just 'unhappy'—they are likely considering ending the contract or taking legal action.

Register: Formal and Literary. Use it in writing or serious speeches to convey depth and gravity.

Es war nicht seine Absicht, seinen Mentor durch diese Nachlässigkeit zu erzürnen.

Understanding this word requires an appreciation for the nuance of German emotional vocabulary. While 'wütend machen' is a direct synonym, erzürnen sounds more sophisticated and controlled. It suggests that the anger, while intense, is perhaps justified or stems from a place of authority. In religious texts, the 'Zorn Gottes' (Wrath of God) is a central theme, and the verb erzürnen is the standard way to describe the act of provoking that divine anger. Even in secular life, it implies a certain dignity in the anger being described.

Grammar Tip: The verb is transitive, meaning it takes a direct object in the accusative case. Wen oder was erzürnt man? Den Chef, die Götter, das Volk.

Seine Arroganz erzürnte sogar seine engsten Freunde.

Die Götter ließen sich nicht so leicht erzürnen.

Summarizing its usage, erzürnen is the choice for serious, impactful, and high-level descriptions of provocation and wrath.

Using erzürnen correctly involves understanding its transitive nature and its specific emotional weight. It typically follows the structure: [Subject] erzürnt [Object]. The subject is the cause of the anger, and the object is the person or group being made angry. For example, 'Die Nachricht erzürnte den König' (The news enraged the king). Note that the object is in the accusative case. While it can also be used reflexively—'sich erzürnen über etwas' (to become enraged about something)—this is much rarer and sounds even more archaic or poetic.

Transitive Usage: The most common way to use it. Something or someone makes another person very angry.

Ihre ständigen Verspätungen erzürnten den strengen Lehrer.

When constructing sentences, pay attention to the tense. In the present tense, it is erzürnt. In the simple past (Präteritum), it is erzürnte, and the past participle is erzürnt. Because it is a weak verb, its conjugation is regular. For instance, 'Er hat mich erzürnt' (He has enraged me).

Reflexive Usage: Rare but possible in literature: 'Er erzürnte sich über die Ungerechtigkeit' (He became enraged about the injustice).

Der alte Mann erzürnte sich sichtlich, als man ihn ignorierte.

It is also useful to pair erzürnen with adverbs that emphasize the degree of anger, such as zutiefst (deeply), heftig (heavily/vehemently), or sichtlich (visibly). For example, 'Die Entscheidung erzürnte die Anwohner zutiefst'. This adds color and precision to your German.

Common Contexts: Politics, law, historical narratives, and high-stakes personal conflicts.

Nichts konnte ihn so sehr erzürnen wie eine Lüge.

Die Kritiker wurden durch das ignorante Verhalten des Künstlers erzürnt.

Warum sollte man die Geister der Vergangenheit erzürnen?

By varying the subject from abstract concepts (like 'lies' or 'injustice') to concrete actions (like 'arriving late'), you can apply erzürnen to a wide range of sophisticated scenarios. Remember, it is a verb of emotion and reaction, so the focus is always on the 'spark' and the resulting 'fire' of anger.

While you might not hear erzürnen in a casual conversation at a Döner stand, it is omnipresent in other spheres of German life. One of the primary places is the news, especially in segments covering political scandals or international diplomacy. A headline might read: 'Das Vorgehen der Regierung erzürnt die Opposition' (The government's actions enrage the opposition). Here, it conveys a sense of official, public anger that 'ärgern' simply couldn't capture. It suggests that the opposition isn't just annoyed; they are taking a principled stand against a perceived wrong.

News & Media: Used to describe public outcry, diplomatic tension, or large-scale social dissatisfaction.

Die geplanten Kürzungen erzürnten die Gewerkschaften im ganzen Land.

Another major arena is literature and theater. If you are reading the works of Goethe, Schiller, or Thomas Mann, you will see characters who are 'erzürnt'. In the theater, a character might shout, 'Du hast mich zutiefst erzürnt!' to express a betrayal. This usage highlights the word's ability to carry dramatic weight. It's the language of the stage—bold, expressive, and intense.

Religious and Mythological Contexts: Often used to describe the anger of God or mythological figures when humans break sacred laws.

In der griechischen Mythologie konnte man Poseidon leicht erzürnen.

Furthermore, in formal legal or business correspondence, erzürnen might be used to emphasize the seriousness of a complaint. A lawyer might write, 'Die fortgesetzte Nichterfüllung des Vertrages hat meinen Mandanten erzürnt'. This signals that the time for polite reminders has passed and serious consequences are imminent. It’s a word that demands respect.

Historical Narratives: Used in documentaries or history books to explain the motivations behind uprisings or wars.

Die Einführung der neuen Steuer erzürnte die Bauern so sehr, dass sie rebellierten.

Es ist gefährlich, einen mächtigen Mann zu erzürnen.

Seine Weigerung zu antworten, erzürnte die Richter.

In summary, you will hear erzürnen whenever the stakes are high, the anger is profound, or the context is formal. It is a word that bridge the gap between historical grandeur and modern-day serious conflict.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with erzürnen is using it in inappropriate registers. Because it is a formal and somewhat elevated word, using it for minor inconveniences can sound comical or sarcastic. For example, if you say 'Mein Wecker hat mich heute Morgen erzürnt' (My alarm clock enraged me this morning), a native speaker might think you are joking or being overly dramatic. For such everyday situations, 'ärgern' or 'nerven' are much more appropriate.

Register Mismatch: Avoid using 'erzürnen' for trivial, everyday annoyances. Stick to 'ärgern' for small things.

Falsch: Die kalte Suppe hat mich erzürnt. (Richtig: Die kalte Suppe hat mich geärgert.)

Another mistake involves confusing erzürnen with verbs that look or sound similar, such as erinnern (to remember) or erzählen (to tell). While they all start with the 'er-' prefix, their meanings are entirely unrelated. Pay close attention to the root 'Zorn' within the word to help you remember its meaning.

Grammar Errors: Using the wrong case for the object. Remember: 'erzürnen' requires the accusative case.

Falsch: Er erzürnte dem König. (Richtig: Er erzürnte den König.)

Learners also sometimes struggle with the reflexive use. While 'sich erzürnen' is grammatically correct, it is so rare in modern speech that you should almost always prefer 'wütend werden' or 'sich aufregen'. If you use 'sich erzürnen' in a casual chat, you might sound like you're reading from a 17th-century play.

Confusion with 'aufregen': 'Aufregen' is more about agitation and excitement; 'erzürnen' is specifically about deep wrath.

Die Verspätung hat ihn aufgeregt (agitated), aber die Lüge hat ihn erzürnt (enraged).

Man sollte die Bevölkerung nicht grundlos erzürnen.

Er war erzürnt über den Verrat.

Finally, watch out for the adjective form 'erzürnt'. It is often used with 'über' + accusative. 'Er ist erzürnt über den Bericht'. Don't forget the 'über'! Using 'erzürnt' without a preposition when a cause is mentioned is a common syntactic slip.

To truly master erzürnen, you must know its neighbors in the German emotional landscape. The most direct synonym is wütend machen. This is the everyday version of the word. If you want to say 'You're making me angry' in a normal conversation, you say 'Du machst mich wütend'. It lacks the formal 'patina' of erzürnen but conveys the same level of heat.

erzürnen vs. ärgern: 'Ärgern' is for annoyance/irritation. 'Erzürnen' is for deep, serious wrath.
erzürnen vs. aufbringen: 'Aufbringen' means to stir up or provoke. It is often used for crowds or groups: 'Die Menge aufbringen'.

Die Nachricht brachte die Bürger gegen die Stadtverwaltung auf.

Another powerful alternative is empören. This word specifically describes 'outrage' or 'indignation'. While erzürnen focuses on the anger itself, empören focuses on the moral judgment behind the anger. If you are 'empört', you are angry because something is morally wrong or offensive.

in Rage bringen: A more idiomatic and slightly more informal way to say 'to drive someone into a rage'.

Seine frechen Antworten brachten den Chef völlig in Rage.

Then there is ergrimmen, which is even more archaic than erzürnen. You will almost only find this in old fairy tales or epic poetry. It describes a dark, fierce anger. If erzürnen is 'to enrage', ergrimmen is 'to become grimly angry'.

verärgern: To annoy or upset someone. It's stronger than 'ärgern' but weaker than 'erzürnen'.

Seine Kritik hat sie sehr verärgert.

Nichts ist schlimmer, als den Schicksalsgott zu erzürnen.

Sie war erzürnt über die Respektlosigkeit.

In summary, use ärgern for daily life, empören for moral outrage, wütend machen for general high anger, and reserve erzürnen for those moments of formal, serious, and impactful wrath.

How Formal Is It?

正式

"Ihre Entscheidung erzürnte den Aufsichtsrat zutiefst."

中性

"Die Nachricht erzürnte viele Bürger."

非正式

"Du hast mich echt erzürnt!"

Child friendly

"Der Riese war sehr erzürnt, weil sein Gold weg war."

俚语

"N/A"

趣味小知识

The English word 'tear' (as in to rip) is distantly related to 'Zorn' through the idea of 'rending' or 'bitterness' in some linguistic theories, though the connection is ancient.

发音指南

UK /ɛɐ̯ˈt͡sʏʁnən/

US /ɛrˈtsʏrnən/

Second syllable: er-ZÜR-nen.

押韵词

zürnen türmen (near rhyme) stürmen (near rhyme) lernen (not a rhyme) entkernen befernen beasternen verlernen

常见错误

Pronouncing 'er-' as a separate, stressed word.
Failing to round the lips for the 'ü' sound, making it sound like 'i'.
Confusing the 'z' sound (ts) with a soft 's' or 'z' sound.
Swallowing the final '-en' too much.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.

难度评级

阅读 3/5

Easy to recognize if you know 'Zorn', common in newspapers.

写作 4/5

Requires knowledge of register to use appropriately.

口语 4/5

Can sound too formal if used in the wrong situation.

听力 3/5

Clear pronunciation, usually easy to pick out in formal speech.

接下来学什么

前置知识

Zorn wütend ärgern machen über

接下来学习

empören aufbringen entrüsten erbittern jähzornig

高级

Groll Erbostheit Ressentiment Affekt Indignation

需要掌握的语法

Transitive Verbs with Accusative

Ich erzürne den (Akk) Lehrer.

Reflexive Verbs with Prepositions

Ich erzürne mich über (Akk) die Nachricht.

Prefix 'er-' for Change of State

erblassen, erröten, erzürnen.

Participle II as Adjective

Der erzürnte Mann.

Weak Verb Conjugation

erzürnen, erzürnte, hat erzürnt.

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按水平分级的例句

Der Mann ist sehr wütend.

The man is very angry.

A1 alternative using 'wütend'.

Das macht mich böse.

That makes me angry.

Simple 'machen' + adjective construction.

Ich habe Zorn.

I have wrath (anger).

Using the noun 'Zorn'.

Er ist nicht froh.

He is not happy.

Negative of 'froh'.

Warum bist du sauer?

Why are you cross/angry?

Common colloquial 'sauer'.

Die Mutter schimpft.

The mother is scolding.

Verb 'schimpfen' related to anger.

Das ist nicht gut.

That is not good.

Simple evaluation.

Stopp! Ich bin wütend.

Stop! I am angry.

Imperative and simple state.

Der Chef war gestern erzürnt.

The boss was enraged yesterday.

Using 'erzürnt' as an adjective.

Die laute Musik erzürnt die Nachbarn.

The loud music enrages the neighbors.

Present tense, transitive.

Seine Antwort hat mich erzürnt.

His answer enraged me.

Perfekt tense.

Warum erzürnst du deinen Vater?

Why are you enraging your father?

Question with transitive verb.

Das schlechte Wetter erzürnte die Urlauber.

The bad weather enraged the vacationers.

Präteritum (Simple Past).

Ich möchte dich nicht erzürnen.

I don't want to enrage you.

Modal verb + infinitive.

Sie war über die Verspätung erzürnt.

She was enraged about the delay.

Adjective 'erzürnt' + 'über'.

Die Nachricht erzürnt das ganze Dorf.

The news enrages the whole village.

Transitive verb with collective noun.

Es war seine Absicht, den König zu erzürnen.

It was his intention to enrage the king.

Infinitive construction with 'zu'.

Die ungerechte Strafe erzürnte die Schüler zutiefst.

The unjust punishment enraged the students deeply.

Use of adverb 'zutiefst'.

Man sollte die Götter nicht erzürnen.

One should not enrage the gods.

Generic 'man' and modal verb 'sollte'.

Sie erzürnte sich über die Lügen ihres Freundes.

She became enraged at her boyfriend's lies.

Reflexive use: 'sich erzürnen über'.

Die hohen Preise erzürnen die Kunden in ganz Deutschland.

The high prices are enraging customers throughout Germany.

Transitive usage in a social context.

Ein erzürnter Kunde rief im Büro an.

An enraged customer called the office.

Adjectival use of the past participle.

Nichts konnte ihn so sehr erzürnen wie Faulheit.

Nothing could enrage him as much as laziness.

Comparison with 'so... wie'.

Durch sein Schweigen erzürnte er seine Frau noch mehr.

Through his silence, he enraged his wife even more.

Prepositional phrase 'Durch sein Schweigen'.

Die politische Entscheidung erzürnte die Massen und führte zu Protesten.

The political decision enraged the masses and led to protests.

Complex sentence with two clauses.

Es ist riskant, einen so mächtigen Mann zu erzürnen.

It is risky to enrage such a powerful man.

Adjective 'riskant' + infinitive clause.

Sie war sichtlich erzürnt, als man ihr das Wort abschnitt.

She was visibly enraged when she was interrupted.

Use of 'sichtlich' and passive 'man' construction.

Die Arroganz des Redners erzürnte das gesamte Publikum.

The speaker's arrogance enraged the entire audience.

Subject is an abstract noun 'Arroganz'.

Wirst du dich etwa über diese Kleinigkeit erzürnen?

Are you really going to get enraged over this trifle?

Future tense with reflexive 'sich erzürnen'.

Seine mangelnde Dankbarkeit erzürnte seine Eltern sehr.

His lack of gratitude enraged his parents greatly.

Compound noun 'Dankbarkeit' as part of the subject.

Die Götter waren erzürnt und schickten einen Sturm.

The gods were enraged and sent a storm.

Mythological context.

Lass dich nicht von seinen Provokationen erzürnen.

Don't let yourself be enraged by his provocations.

Imperative 'Lass' + passive-like construction.

Die fortwährende Ignoranz der Regierung erzürnte die Intellektuellen des Landes.

The government's persistent ignorance enraged the country's intellectuals.

Elevated vocabulary ('fortwährend', 'Intellektuellen').

In seinem erzürnten Zustand war er zu keiner rationalen Entscheidung fähig.

In his enraged state, he was incapable of any rational decision.

Adjectival use in a prepositional phrase.

Es bedarf wenig, um den Zorn des Volkes zu wecken und es zu erzürnen.

It takes little to awaken the people's wrath and enrage them.

Use of 'es bedarf' + 'um... zu'.

Nichts erzürnt einen Ästheten mehr als Kitsch in der Kunst.

Nothing enrages an aesthete more than kitsch in art.

Specific subject 'Ästhet' and object 'Kitsch'.

Sie erzürnte sich heftig über die Unterstellung, sie habe gelogen.

She became vehemently enraged at the insinuation that she had lied.

Reflexive with Konjunktiv II ('habe gelogen').

Die Nachricht war dazu angetan, selbst die Geduldigsten zu erzürnen.

The news was calculated to enrage even the most patient.

Idiomatic 'dazu angetan sein'.

Er wollte niemanden erzürnen, doch seine Ehrlichkeit war zu direkt.

He didn't want to enrage anyone, but his honesty was too direct.

Contrast using 'doch'.

Die erzürnte See peitschte gegen die Felsen der Küste.

The enraged sea lashed against the rocks of the coast.

Metaphorical use of 'erzürnt'.

Die Hybris des Feldherrn erzürnte die Götter und besiegelte sein Schicksal.

The general's hubris enraged the gods and sealed his fate.

Highly formal/literary vocabulary ('Hybris', 'besiegelte').

Es ist ein gefährliches Spiel, die Geister der Vergangenheit zu erzürnen.

It is a dangerous game to enrage the spirits of the past.

Metaphorical/Philosophical context.

Seine Worte, so wohlformuliert sie auch waren, erzürnten sie bis ins Mark.

His words, well-formulated as they were, enraged her to the core.

Concessive clause ('so... auch waren') and idiom 'bis ins Mark'.

Die erzürnte Reaktion der Börse auf die neuen Gesetze war vorauszusehen.

The stock market's enraged reaction to the new laws was foreseeable.

Personification of 'die Börse'.

Sich über die Ungerechtigkeit der Welt zu erzürnen, ist ein Vorrecht der Jugend.

To be enraged by the injustice of the world is a privilege of youth.

Substantivized infinitive as subject.

Man hütete sich davor, den jähzornigen Herrscher unnötig zu erzürnen.

People took care not to unnecessarily enrage the irascible ruler.

Reflexive 'sich hüten' + 'davor'.

Die schiere Dreistigkeit seines Vorgehens erzürnte selbst seine Verbündeten.

The sheer audacity of his actions enraged even his allies.

Subject 'schiere Dreistigkeit'.

Was ihn am meisten erzürnte, war die Heuchelei seiner Kritiker.

What enraged him most was the hypocrisy of his critics.

Relative clause as subject ('Was ihn...').

常见搭配

jemanden zutiefst erzürnen

die Götter erzürnen

das Volk erzürnen

sichtlich erzürnt sein

leicht zu erzürnen sein

die Massen erzürnen

über eine Nachricht erzürnt sein

jemanden unnötig erzürnen

durch Arroganz erzürnen

einen Herrscher erzürnen

常用短语

Zutiefst erzürnt sein

— To be deeply enraged. Used to show extreme anger.

Der Kunde war zutiefst erzürnt über den Fehler.

Die Geister erzürnen

— To enrage the spirits. Often used metaphorically about doing something risky.

Wir sollten die Geister der Vergangenheit nicht erzürnen.

Sich leicht erzürnen lassen

— To be easily provoked to anger.

Er lässt sich leider sehr leicht erzürnen.

Einen Gott erzürnen

— To provoke divine wrath. Common in literature.

Prometheus erzürnte Zeus.

Das Schicksal erzürnen

— To tempt fate. A poetic way of saying someone is being too bold.

Er erzürnte das Schicksal durch seinen Übermut.

Die Gemüter erzürnen

— To enrage people's tempers/minds. Often used for public debates.

Das neue Gesetz erzürnte die Gemüter im Land.

Jemanden bis aufs Blut erzürnen

— To enrage someone to the point of violence or extreme hatred.

Seine Beleidigungen erzürnten ihn bis aufs Blut.

Erzürnt reagieren

— To react in an enraged manner.

Auf die Kritik reagierte sie sichtlich erzürnt.

Den Zorn erzürnen

— To provoke wrath (somewhat redundant but used for emphasis).

Seine Worte erzürnten den Zorn des Vaters.

Erzürnt das Wort ergreifen

— To take the floor/start speaking while enraged.

Der Abgeordnete ergriff erzürnt das Wort.

容易混淆的词

erzürnen vs erinnern

Sounds similar but means 'to remember'. Remember the 'Zorn' root in erzürnen.

erzürnen vs erzählen

Sounds similar but means 'to tell/narrate'.

erzürnen vs erziehen

Means 'to educate/raise children'. Totally different meaning.

习语与表达

"Den schlafenden Löwen erzürnen"

— To provoke someone who is dangerous when angry, even if they seem calm now.

Pass auf, erzürne nicht den schlafenden Löwen!

literary

"Die Götter gegen sich erzürnen"

— To act in a way that brings bad luck or punishment upon oneself.

Mit dieser Tat hast du die Götter gegen dich erzürnt.

archaic

"Das Blut in den Adern erzürnen"

— To make someone's blood boil with rage.

Seine Ungerechtigkeit erzürnte mir das Blut in den Adern.

poetic

"Einen Sturm erzürnen"

— To cause a massive outcry or conflict.

Seine Rede erzürnte einen Sturm der Entrüstung.

journalistic

"Das Meer erzürnen"

— Used to describe a sea becoming violent and stormy.

Der Wind erzürnte das Meer.

literary

"Den Himmel erzürnen"

— To do something so bad that it offends heaven/morality.

Deine Sünden erzürnen den Himmel.

religious

"Das Herz erzürnen"

— To make someone's heart fill with anger.

Die Nachricht erzürnte sein Herz.

poetic

"Einen Riesen erzürnen"

— To provoke a powerful entity (company, state, person).

Man sollte diesen Konzern nicht erzürnen.

metaphorical

"Die Ahnen erzürnen"

— To do something that dishonors one's ancestors.

Er fürchtete, die Ahnen zu erzürnen.

cultural

"Den Zorn Gottes erzürnen"

— To provoke the wrath of God.

Man glaubte, dass Ungehorsam den Zorn Gottes erzürne.

theological

容易混淆

erzürnen vs ärgern

Both relate to anger.

'Ärgern' is for everyday annoyance; 'erzürnen' is for deep, formal wrath.

Ich ärgere mich über den Regen, aber der Verrat erzürnte mich.

erzürnen vs wütend machen

Same meaning.

'Wütend machen' is neutral and common; 'erzürnen' is elevated and formal.

Du machst mich wütend! vs. Ihre Worte erzürnten den König.

erzürnen vs aufregen

Both involve strong emotion.

'Aufregen' is about general agitation (can be positive or negative); 'erzürnen' is specifically anger.

Die Reise regt mich auf (excites). Die Lüge erzürnt mich (enrages).

erzürnen vs empören

Both are formal.

'Empören' is specifically moral outrage; 'erzürnen' is the feeling of intense anger.

Wir sind empört über den Skandal.

erzürnen vs reizen

Both involve provocation.

'Reizen' is the act of provoking/teasing; 'erzürnen' is the result (becoming enraged).

Er reizte den Stier, bis er ihn erzürnte.

句型

[Subjekt] erzürnt [Objekt-Akk].

Der Lärm erzürnt die Nachbarn.

[Subjekt] ist erzürnt über [Objekt-Akk].

Er ist erzürnt über die Verspätung.

Es erzürnt mich, dass [Nebensatz].

Es erzürnt mich, dass niemand hilft.

Ein [Partizip II] + Nomen...

Ein erzürnter Kunde rief an.

Sich über [etwas] zu erzürnen, [Verb]...

Sich über Lügen zu erzürnen, ist verständlich.

[Subjekt] ließ sich durch [etwas] nicht erzürnen.

Der Richter ließ sich durch die Rufe nicht erzürnen.

Was [jemanden] erzürnte, war [Substantiv/Satz].

Was ihn erzürnte, war ihre Arroganz.

[Partizipialphrase], [Hauptsatz].

Zutiefst erzürnt, verließ sie das Zimmer.

词族

名词

动词

形容词

如何使用

frequency

In der Schriftsprache häufiger als in der gesprochenen Sprache.

常见错误

Er erzürnte dem Lehrer. → Er erzürnte den Lehrer.
Der Fehler liegt im Fall. 'erzürnen' verlangt den Akkusativ, nicht den Dativ.
Mein Handy hat mich erzürnt. → Mein Handy hat mich geärgert.
Das Wort 'erzürnen' ist zu stark und formell für ein technisches Problem im Alltag.
Ich bin erzürnt über dir. → Ich bin erzürnt über dich.
Nach der Präposition 'über' folgt in diesem Fall der Akkusativ.
Er hat sich erzürnt bei mir. → Er hat sich über mich erzürnt.
Die korrekte Präposition für den Grund des Zorns ist 'über', nicht 'bei'.
Erzürnen Sie nicht! → Werden Sie nicht wütend! / Regen Sie sich nicht auf!
'Erzürnen Sie nicht' klingt sehr unnatürlich und fast wie aus dem Mittelalter.

小贴士

Akkusativ-Objekt

Vergiss nicht, dass das Objekt nach 'erzürnen' immer im Akkusativ steht. 'Er erzürnte den (nicht: dem) König'.

Formeller Kontext

Nutze 'erzürnen' in Aufsätzen oder formellen Beschwerden, um deine Sprachkenntnisse zu zeigen.

Wurzel 'Zorn'

Merke dir das Wort 'Zorn' (wrath). Wenn du 'Zorn' im Wort siehst, weißt du, es geht um große Wut.

Betonung

Betone immer das 'ü': er-ZÜR-nen. Die Vorsilbe 'er-' ist unbetont.

Nachrichten

Achte in deutschen Zeitungen auf dieses Wort, besonders in der Rubrik Politik.

Götter und Könige

In Sagen und Mythen ist 'erzürnen' das Standardwort für die Wut der Mächtigen.

Adjektiv 'erzürnt'

Benutze 'erzürnt' statt 'wütend', wenn du eine Person in einer Geschichte beschreibst.

Gegenteil

Lerne 'besänftigen' (to appease) als direktes Gegenteil zu 'erzürnen'.

Nicht für Kleinigkeiten

Benutze es nicht, wenn du nur ein bisschen sauer bist. Es ist ein 'starkes' Wort.

Hörbücher

In historischen Romanen wirst du dieses Wort sehr oft hören.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of the word 'Zorn' inside 'erzürnen'. 'Zorn' sounds like 'Thorn'. If you step on a thorn, you might feel the 'Zorn' (wrath) and be 'erzürnt'!

视觉联想

Imagine a king with a red face, wearing a crown, shouting at a servant. The king is 'erzürnt'. The 'er-' is like a fire starting up.

Word Web

Zorn Wut Ärger Rache Gott König Ungerechtigkeit erzürnt

挑战

Try to write three sentences about a historical event using 'erzürnen'. For example, why did the people in the French Revolution get 'erzürnt'?

词源

The word 'erzürnen' is derived from the Old High German word 'zornon', which comes from the noun 'zorn'. The prefix 'er-' was added later to emphasize the transition into the state of anger. It has roots in the Proto-Germanic word '*turnaz', which meant 'angry' or 'bitter'.

原始含义： To be in a state of wrath or to provoke wrath.

Germanic

文化背景

It is a strong word. Use it carefully in personal relationships unless you really mean that someone has profoundly offended you.

The word 'enrage' is the best equivalent, but 'erzürnen' can sometimes feel even more 'biblical' or 'epic' depending on the context.

Die Luther-Bibel (frequent use of 'Zorn' and 'erzürnen') Goethes 'Faust' (moments of high drama) Schillers 'Die Räuber'

在生活中练习

真实语境

Politics

die Opposition erzürnen
die Wähler erzürnen
internationale Partner erzürnen
den Volkszorn wecken

Literature/Fairy Tales

den König erzürnen
die Götter erzürnen
ein erzürntes Ungeheuer
aus Zorn erzürnen

Customer Service (Formal)

einen Kunden erzürnen
zutiefst erzürnt reagieren
über den Service erzürnt sein
Grund zum Erzürnen geben

History

die Bauern erzürnen
den Adel erzürnen
durch Steuern erzürnen
die Massen erzürnen

Religion

Gott erzürnen
den Himmel erzürnen
die Ahnen erzürnen
Gottes Zorn erzürnen

对话开场白

"Was erzürnt dich in der heutigen Politik am meisten?"

"Hast du schon einmal jemanden zutiefst erzürnt, ohne es zu wollen?"

"Welche Charaktere in Filmen werden deiner Meinung nach zu leicht erzürnt?"

"Glaubst du, es ist gut, seinen Zorn zu zeigen, oder sollte man sich nicht erzürnen lassen?"

"Was erzürnt die Menschen in deinem Heimatland am meisten?"

日记主题

Schreibe über eine Situation, in der du zutiefst erzürnt warst. Was war der Auslöser?

Reflektiere über den Unterschied zwischen 'sich ärgern' und 'sich erzürnen'. Wann ist welche Reaktion angemessen?

Stelle dir vor, du bist ein König in einer Geschichte. Was könnte dich so sehr erzürnen, dass du jemanden aus dem Schloss wirfst?

Analysiere eine aktuelle Nachricht. Wer wurde erzürnt und warum?

Wie gehst du damit um, wenn du merkst, dass du jemanden erzürnt hast?

常见问题

10 个问题

Ja, von der Bedeutung her sind sie fast identisch. Allerdings ist 'erzürnen' viel formeller und wird eher in der Literatur oder in Nachrichten verwendet. Im Alltag sagt man meistens 'wütend machen'.

Benutze es, wenn du über ernste Themen schreibst, wie Politik, Geschichte oder große Ungerechtigkeiten. Es klingt professioneller und drückt eine tiefere Wut aus als 'ärgern'.

Ja, es ist ein schwaches (regelmäßiges) Verb. Die Formen sind: erzürnen, erzürnte, hat erzürnt.

Ja, aber es klingt sehr dramatisch. 'Ich erzürne mich' klingt fast wie aus einem alten Film. Besser ist 'Ich werde wütend' oder 'Ich rege mich auf'.

Es braucht den Akkusativ. Man erzürnt *jemanden* (Akkusativ). Beispiel: 'Das erzürnt den (Akk) Chef'.

Das wichtigste Substantiv ist 'der Zorn'. Es gibt auch 'die Erzürnung', aber das Wort ist extrem selten.

'Verärgern' ist etwas schwächer als 'erzürnen'. Man ist verärgert, wenn etwas nicht klappt. Man ist erzürnt, wenn etwas Schlimmes passiert ist.

Ja, in der Literatur kann man auch Tiere (wie einen Löwen oder Drachen) erzürnen. Im Alltag würde man eher 'wütend machen' oder 'reizen' sagen.

Ja, das Partizip II 'erzürnt' wird oft als Adjektiv benutzt. Zum Beispiel: 'Ein erzürnter Vater'.

Ja, in der deutschen Bibelübersetzung von Martin Luther wird das Wort sehr oft benutzt, um den Zorn Gottes zu beschreiben.

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