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گسترش

B1 noun #1,500 最常用 5分钟阅读

گسترش

gostaresh 前1,500

开始练习例句笔记与提示 گسترش 30秒了解

解析 گسترش in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'گسترش' in complex sentences. Just remember it means 'getting bigger' or 'spreading' like a map opening up. You might see it in simple signs or basic news about a city growing. Think of it as 'big + action'. For example, 'The city is big' (Shahr bozorg ast) is A1, but 'The expansion of the city' (Gostaresh-e shahr) is moving toward higher levels. Focus on the idea of something covering more space.

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At A2, you can start using 'گسترش' with simple verbs like 'dādan' (to give/make). You can talk about simple things expanding, like 'The park expanded' or 'The shop expanded'. You should recognize the word in short news clips or headlines. It's helpful to know that it's a formal way to say something is growing. You might use it to describe your hobbies spreading or your interest in Persian growing.

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At the B1 level (your current level), you should use 'گسترش' to discuss social and economic topics. You can form sentences about the expansion of technology, education, or tourism. You understand the difference between 'گسترش دادن' (active) and 'گسترش یافتن' (passive/process). You can use it in essays to describe how an idea or a problem (like pollution) is spreading across a region. It's a key word for intermediate academic Persian.

At B2, you should use 'گسترش' with abstract concepts like 'influence', 'ideology', or 'market share'. You can use it in complex sentences with conjunctions. You should be able to discuss the 'گسترش' of global trends and their impact on local culture. You also start to use synonyms like 'توسعه' or 'بسط' to avoid repetition in your writing. You can participate in debates about urban expansion or the spread of digital information.

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At C1, you use 'گسترش' in highly formal and academic contexts. You understand its nuances in literature and high-level journalism. You can use it to describe the 'proliferation' of nuclear weapons or the 'diffusion' of innovations. Your usage includes sophisticated collocations like 'گسترش بی‌رویه' (unchecked expansion) or 'گسترش روزافزون' (ever-increasing expansion). You can analyze the etymological roots and use related words like 'گستره' (expanse) fluently.

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At the C2 level, 'گسترش' is a tool for precise expression. You use it to describe philosophical expansions of thought or intricate historical processes. You can distinguish between 'گسترش' and 'اشاعه' (dissemination) or 'تعمیم' (generalization) in scientific discourse. You can write professional reports on 'گسترش سرزمینی' (territorial expansion) with all the legal and political implications. You use the word with perfect register and stylistic flair.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

گسترش 30秒了解

Gostaresh means expansion or spreading out.
It is a formal noun used in news and business.
It comes from the root 'Gostardan' (to spread).
It can be used for physical, social, or abstract growth.

The Persian word گسترش (Gostaresh) is a multifaceted noun derived from the infinitive گستردن (Gostardan), meaning 'to spread' or 'to expand'. At its core, it signifies the process of becoming larger, covering more ground, or increasing in scope and influence. Whether you are talking about the physical expansion of a city, the spread of a virus, or the development of a business empire, گسترش is the go-to term for describing growth that moves outward from a center.

Physical Dimension: In a physical sense, it refers to the literal widening of boundaries. For example, the گسترش شهر (urban sprawl) describes how a city grows into surrounding rural areas. It implies a tangible increase in surface area or volume.
Conceptual & Abstract Growth: Beyond the physical, it applies to ideas, cultures, and systems. The گسترش فرهنگ (cultural expansion) or the گسترش نفوذ (expansion of influence) suggests a deepening and widening of impact that isn't necessarily visible to the naked eye but is felt through social or political change.
Scientific and Biological Context: In medicine or biology, it describes the spread of diseases or the proliferation of cells. The گسترش بیماری (spread of disease) is a common phrase used in public health reports to indicate that a virus is reaching new populations.

دولت برای گسترش شبکه اینترنت در مناطق روستایی بودجه ویژه‌ای اختصاص داد.

Translation: The government allocated a special budget for the expansion of the internet network in rural areas.

ما شاهد گسترش روابط تجاری بین دو کشور هستیم.

Translation: We are witnessing the expansion of trade relations between the two countries.

Historically, the word has evolved from Middle Persian roots where it meant to 'strew' or 'spread out' like a carpet. This imagery is still helpful today: imagine laying out a large rug (Farsh) over a floor—that act of covering more area is the essence of گسترش. It is often used in formal news broadcasts, academic papers, and business reports to denote progress and development.

جلوگیری از گسترش بیابان‌ها یکی از چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی است.

Translation: Preventing the expansion of deserts is one of the environmental challenges.

Using گسترش correctly requires understanding its role as a noun and how it pairs with light verbs to form complex predicates. While it is a noun, it is most frequently seen in the phrase گسترش دادن (to expand something) or گسترش یافتن (to be expanded / to spread naturally).

Transitive Use: گسترش دادن: Use this when there is an active agent performing the expansion. 'The company expanded its services' becomes شرکت خدمات خود را گسترش داد. It implies intentionality and effort.
Intransitive Use: گسترش یافتن: Use this when the expansion happens as a process or result. 'The fire spread' or 'The city expanded' (on its own) would use گسترش یافت. It is more descriptive of the state of change.

آن‌ها قصد دارند فعالیت‌های خود را در اروپا گسترش دهند.

Translation: They intend to expand their activities in Europe.

In formal writing, you might encounter بسط و گسترش, which is a common hendiadys (two words linked by 'and' to express a single idea). This adds emphasis and a more literary tone to your speech or writing. For example, بسط و گسترش عدالت اجتماعی (the promotion and expansion of social justice).

با گسترش تکنولوژی، سبک زندگی مردم تغییر کرده است.

Translation: With the expansion of technology, people's lifestyles have changed.

You will encounter گسترش in various professional and academic settings. It is a high-frequency word in Persian media, particularly in segments related to economics, science, and international relations.

News & Media: Headlines often use it to describe geopolitical shifts: 'گسترش ناتو به شرق' (NATO's expansion to the East) or 'گسترش همکاری‌های دوجانبه' (Expansion of bilateral cooperation).
Academic Lectures: Professors use it to describe the development of theories or historical empires. 'گسترش امپراتوری هخامنشی' (The expansion of the Achaemenid Empire) is a standard phrase in history classes.

اخبار ساعت ۲۱: «امروز وزیر امور خارجه بر لزوم گسترش مناسبات منطقه‌ای تأکید کرد.»

Context: A typical news broadcast sentence.

In business meetings, it’s used when discussing 'market expansion' (گسترش بازار). If you are working in an Iranian startup or corporate environment, you will hear managers talk about گسترش تیم (expanding the team) or گسترش سبد محصولات (expanding the product portfolio).

While گسترش is versatile, learners often confuse it with other words related to growth or size. Understanding these nuances will make your Persian sound more natural and precise.

Gostaresh vs. Bozorg-shodan: 'Bozorg-shodan' (getting big) is used for children growing up or objects increasing in size. You wouldn't say a child had 'Gostaresh'; you use 'Gostaresh' for systems, areas, or influence.
Gostaresh vs. Tose'e: 'Tose'e' means 'development' or 'progress'. While often interchangeable, 'Tose'e' implies qualitative improvement (better infrastructure), while 'Gostaresh' emphasizes quantitative/spatial increase (more area covered).

To truly master گسترش, you should know its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. Persian has a rich vocabulary for 'growth' and 'spreading'.

توسعه (Tose'e): Focuses on development and modernization. Used in 'Tose'e-ye Paydar' (Sustainable Development).
پخش (Pakhsh): Means 'distribution' or 'broadcasting'. Use this for TV signals or distributing flyers, not for expanding a business territory.
شیوع (Shoyu'): Specifically used for the 'outbreak' or 'prevalence' of diseases or social trends. It has a more medical or sociological connotation.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Compound verbs with 'dādan'

The Ezafe construction in noun phrases

Subjunctive mood with 'ghasd dāshtan'

Passive voice with 'shodan'

Adverbial placement

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按水平分级的例句

شهر گسترش یافت.

The city expanded.

Simple past tense.

گسترش باغ زیبا است.

The expansion of the garden is beautiful.

Noun as a subject.

ما به گسترش نیاز داریم.

We need expansion.

Simple object.

گسترش اینترنت خوب است.

The expansion of the internet is good.

Genitive construction (Ezafe).

کتابخانه گسترش یافت.

The library expanded.

Intransitive verb.

گسترش خانه تمام شد.

The expansion of the house finished.

Subject of the sentence.

او به گسترش فکر می‌کند.

He is thinking about expansion.

Prepositional phrase.

گسترش بازار مهم است.

Market expansion is important.

Compound noun.

آن‌ها مغازه خود را گسترش دادند.

They expanded their shop.

Transitive compound verb.

گسترش بیماری نگران‌کننده است.

The spread of the disease is worrying.

Ezafe construction.

ما می‌خواهیم کلاس را گسترش دهیم.

We want to expand the class.

Subjunctive mood.

گسترش شهر باعث ترافیک شد.

The expansion of the city caused traffic.

Cause and effect.

این شرکت در حال گسترش است.

This company is expanding.

Continuous present.

گسترش روابط با همسایگان.

Expanding relations with neighbors.

Noun phrase.

او دانش خود را گسترش می‌دهد.

He expands his knowledge.

Abstract usage.

گسترش جاده‌ها لازم است.

Expansion of roads is necessary.

Plural noun with Ezafe.

گسترش فضای سبز در شهرها ضروری است.

The expansion of green space in cities is essential.

Formal sentence structure.

تکنولوژی باعث گسترش ارتباطات شده است.

Technology has caused the expansion of communications.

Present perfect tense.

دولت برای گسترش آموزش تلاش می‌کند.

The government strives for the expansion of education.

Prepositional phrase with 'barāye'.

گسترش فقر یک مشکل جهانی است.

The spread of poverty is a global problem.

Abstract noun usage.

آن‌ها قصد دارند شبکه خود را گسترش دهند.

They intend to expand their network.

Infinitive structure.

گسترش فرهنگ مطالعه در جامعه.

Expanding the culture of reading in society.

Complex noun phrase.

این گیاه به سرعت گسترش می‌یابد.

This plant spreads quickly.

Adverbial phrase.

گسترش همکاری‌های علمی بین دانشگاه‌ها.

Expansion of scientific cooperation between universities.

Formal academic context.

گسترش بی‌رویه شهرها به محیط زیست آسیب می‌زند.

The unchecked expansion of cities harms the environment.

Use of 'bi-raviye' (unchecked).

شاهد گسترش روزافزون استفاده از هوش مصنوعی هستیم.

We are witnessing the ever-increasing expansion of AI use.

Use of 'ruz-afzun' (ever-increasing).

گسترش نفوذ سیاسی در منطقه.

Expansion of political influence in the region.

Political terminology.

این سیاست به گسترش عدالت کمک می‌کند.

This policy helps the expansion of justice.

Abstract social concept.

گسترش دامنه فعالیت‌های اقتصادی.

Expanding the scope of economic activities.

Business terminology.

آن‌ها برای گسترش برند خود سرمایه‌گذاری کردند.

They invested to expand their brand.

Purpose clause.

گسترش زبان فارسی در جهان.

The spread of the Persian language in the world.

Cultural context.

بحران اقتصادی مانع گسترش پروژه‌ها شد.

The economic crisis prevented the expansion of projects.

Complex subject-verb relation.

گسترش مفاهیم فلسفی در قرن بیستم.

The expansion of philosophical concepts in the 20th century.

Academic history context.

لزوم گسترش زیرساخت‌های حمل و نقل عمومی.

The necessity of expanding public transport infrastructure.

Compound formal noun phrase.

گسترش شکاف طبقاتی در جوامع مدرن.

The widening of the class gap in modern societies.

Sociological term.

تسهیل گسترش تبادلات فرهنگی.

Facilitating the expansion of cultural exchanges.

Formal verb 'tashil' (facilitating).

گسترش پهنای باند اینترنت در سراسر کشور.

Expansion of internet bandwidth across the country.

Technical terminology.

پیامدهای گسترش تسلیحات هسته‌ای.

The consequences of the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

International relations term.

گسترش افقی و عمودی شهرها.

Horizontal and vertical expansion of cities.

Urban planning terminology.

نقش رسانه‌ها در گسترش افکار عمومی.

The role of media in the expansion of public opinion.

Media studies context.

گسترش پارادایم‌های نوین در علوم انسانی.

The expansion of new paradigms in the humanities.

High-level academic terminology.

تحلیل روند گسترش امپریالیسم در تاریخ.

Analyzing the trend of imperialism's expansion in history.

Historical analysis.

گسترش قلمرو حاکمیت قانون.

Expanding the realm of the rule of law.

Legal philosophy.

تأثیر جهانی‌شدن بر گسترش فرهنگ‌های بومی.

The impact of globalization on the spread of indigenous cultures.

Sociological analysis.

گسترش بی‌سابقه داده‌های دیجیتال.

The unprecedented expansion of digital data.

Data science context.

سازوکارهای گسترش نابرابری در نظام سرمایه‌داری.

Mechanisms of the expansion of inequality in the capitalist system.

Political economy.

گسترش مرزهای دانش بشری.

Expanding the boundaries of human knowledge.

Metaphorical usage.

گسترش طیف نوری در فیزیک کوانتوم.

The expansion of the light spectrum in quantum physics.

Scientific precision.

常见搭配

گسترش بازار

گسترش روابط

گسترش شهر

گسترش همکاری

گسترش بیماری

گسترش نفوذ

گسترش تکنولوژی

گسترش فرهنگ

گسترش بی‌رویه

گسترش روزافزون

常用短语

در حال گسترش

قصد گسترش داشتن

باعث گسترش شدن

مانع گسترش شدن

زمینه گسترش

طرح گسترش

سرعت گسترش

دامنه گسترش

بسط و گسترش

گسترش پیدا کردن

容易混淆的词

گسترش vs گستره (Expanse)

گسترش vs گسترده (Extensive)

گسترش vs گستردن (To spread)

习语与表达

"دامنه گسترش یافتن (To widen the scope)"

"گسترش دادن سفره (To be hospitable/expand resources)"

"بال و پر گسترش دادن (To spread one's wings/expand influence)"

"گسترش ریشه‌ها (To take deep root/expand influence)"

"در گستره گیتی (In the expanse of the universe)"

"گسترش افق‌ها (Expanding horizons)"

"گسترش سایه (To cast a wider shadow/influence)"

"گسترش مرزها (Pushing boundaries)"

"گسترش نام (To become more famous)"

"گسترش کلام (To elaborate/speak at length)"

容易混淆

گسترش vs توسعه

Development vs Expansion

گسترش vs انتشار

Publication/Spread of news vs General expansion

گسترش vs پخش

Distribution vs Expansion

句型

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如何使用

nuance

Gostaresh is more formal than 'pahn shodan'.

context

Common in headlines.

常见错误

Using Gostaresh for biological growth of a child.
Forgetting the light verb 'dādan' or 'yāftan'.
Confusing Gostaresh with 'Pakhsh' (distribution).
Mispronouncing the 'G' as 'Q'.
Using it in very informal slang contexts where 'bozorg kardan' is better.

小贴士

Learn the Root

Knowing 'Gostardan' helps you learn 'Gostareh' and 'Gostardeh'.

Light Verbs

Always remember if you are the one expanding (dādan) or if it's happening (yāftan).

News Style

Use it in the beginning of sentences for a journalistic feel.

Global Issues

Perfect for talking about climate change or technology.

Visual Link

Link it to a growing balloon.

Clear Vowels

Ensure the 'a' in 'ta' is short and the 'e' in 'resh' is clear.

Ezafe

Don't forget the 'e' sound connecting Gostaresh to the next word.

Formal Debates

Use this word to sound more educated in discussions.

Radio Iran

Listen for this word in economic reports.

Iranian Media

It's a staple word in the Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) reports.

记住它

词源

From the Proto-Indo-European root *ster- (to spread). Cognate with English 'strew' and 'structure'.

文化背景

Often used in discussions about 'social justice' (Gostaresh-e edalat).

Used in 'expansion plans' for companies.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"نظر شما درباره گسترش شهر چیست؟"

"چگونه می‌توانیم فرهنگ مطالعه را گسترش دهیم؟"

"آیا گسترش تکنولوژی همیشه خوب است؟"

"برنامه شما برای گسترش دانش خود چیست؟"

"گسترش اینترنت چه تغییری در زندگی شما ایجاد کرد؟"

日记主题

Write about a time you expanded your skills.

Describe the expansion of your hometown over the last ten years.

Discuss the pros and cons of global cultural expansion.

How does the expansion of AI affect your future job?

Write a plan for the expansion of a small business.

常见问题

10 个问题

Yes, it is commonly used for cities, buildings, and roads.

No, for a person's physical growth, use 'ghad keshidan' or 'bozorg shodan'.

Gostaresh is about size/area; Tose'e is about quality/modernization.

Yes, it is a formal/academic word.

Use 'Gostaresh dādan'.

Yes, 'Gostaresh-e bimāri' is very common.

The root is 'Gostardan'.

Technically 'Gostaresh-hā', but it's rarely used.

Yes, like 'Gostaresh-e shabake-hāye ejtemā'i'.

The root does, but 'Gostaresh' usually means the abstract concept of expansion.

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