مذاکره کردن 30秒了解
- To negotiate, discuss terms to reach an agreement.
- Used in business, politics, and everyday life.
- Involves compromise and discussion.
- Key verb for resolving differences.
The Persian verb 'مذاکره کردن' (mozākeré kardan) directly translates to 'to negotiate' in English. It's a fundamental verb used in situations where parties aim to reach an agreement through discussion and compromise. This can range from everyday scenarios like haggling at a bazaar to more formal settings such as business deals, diplomatic talks, or labor disputes. The core idea is a back-and-forth exchange of ideas and proposals to find common ground.
- Everyday Transactions
- Imagine you're buying a carpet in a traditional Iranian market. You wouldn't just pay the first price asked. You would مذاکره کردن with the seller, discussing the price, quality, and perhaps even delivery, to arrive at a price you're both happy with.
- Business and Contracts
- In the corporate world, 'مذاکره کردن' is a daily occurrence. Companies مذاکره کردن over contract terms, partnership agreements, mergers, and acquisitions. Lawyers and business executives spend significant time in negotiation sessions.
- Diplomacy and Politics
- On an international level, governments and diplomats مذاکره کردن to resolve conflicts, establish treaties, and manage international relations. These negotiations can be complex and involve many stakeholders.
- Labor Relations
- When unions and employers need to agree on wages, working conditions, or benefits, they engage in collective bargaining, which is a form of 'مذاکره کردن'.
نمایندگان دو کشور برای رسیدن به توافق صلح، ساعتها مذاکره کردن.
Translation: The representatives of the two countries negotiated for hours to reach a peace agreement.
In essence, whenever there's a need to resolve differences, set terms, or forge an agreement between parties with potentially diverging interests, 'مذاکره کردن' is the verb that captures the essence of that interaction. It's a skill vital in both personal and professional life.
Using 'مذاکره کردن' (mozākeré kardan) correctly involves understanding its grammatical structure and the context in which it's applied. As a compound verb, it's formed by the noun 'مذاکره' (mozākeré - negotiation) and the verb 'کردن' (kardan - to do/make). This structure is common in Persian for creating new verbs from nouns.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- The typical structure is: Subject + Object (often implied or introduced by 'را') + Prepositional Phrase (e.g., 'با' - with, 'بر سر' - over) + مذاکره کردن (conjugated).
ما با شریک تجاری خودمان بر سر جزئیات قرارداد مذاکره کردیم.
Translation: We negotiated with our business partner over the contract details.
- Using 'با' (with)
- This preposition indicates with whom the negotiation is taking place. For example, 'او با رئیسش مذاکره میکند.' (He negotiates with his boss.)
- Using 'بر سر' (over/about)
- This preposition specifies the topic or issue being negotiated. For instance, 'آنها بر سر قیمت خانه مذاکره خواهند کرد.' (They will negotiate over the price of the house.)
وزیر امور خارجه برای مذاکره کردن در مورد مسائل هستهای به وین سفر کرد.
Translation: The foreign minister traveled to Vienna to negotiate about nuclear issues.
- Past Tense Conjugation
- The past tense is formed by conjugating 'کردن'. For example, 'من مذاکره کردم' (I negotiated), 'شما مذاکره کردید' (You negotiated - plural/formal).
- Present Tense Conjugation
- The present tense uses the prefix 'می-' (mi-) and conjugates 'کردن'. For example, 'او مذاکره میکند' (He/She negotiates), 'آنها مذاکره میکنند' (They negotiate).
Practicing these sentence structures with different subjects and objects will help solidify your understanding and usage of this important verb.
You'll encounter 'مذاکره کردن' (mozākeré kardan) in a wide array of contexts, reflecting its importance in human interaction and societal structures. Hearing it used naturally can significantly boost your comprehension and fluency.
- News and Current Events
- News broadcasts and articles frequently use 'مذاکره کردن' when reporting on political summits, international relations, peace talks, or any situation where countries or factions are discussing terms. You might hear: 'ایران و قدرتهای جهانی در حال مذاکره کردن بر سر برنامه هستهای خود هستند.' (Iran and world powers are negotiating over their nuclear program.)
- Business and Finance Programs
- Economic news channels and business podcasts often discuss corporate mergers, acquisitions, and trade deals, all of which involve extensive 'مذاکره کردن'. A common phrase might be: 'مدیران عامل شرکتها برای نهایی کردن ادغام، با یکدیگر مذاکره میکنند.' (The CEOs of the companies negotiate with each other to finalize the merger.)
در بازار سنتی، فروشنده و خریدار برای رسیدن به قیمت مناسب، مدت زیادی مذاکره کردند.
Translation: In the traditional market, the seller and buyer negotiated for a long time to reach a suitable price.
- Movies and Television Dramas
- Fictional narratives often feature characters who need to negotiate. This could be a tense hostage situation where police are trying to مذاکره کردن with the captor, or a family disagreement where parents are trying to مذاکره کردن with their teenagers about curfew.
- Legal Dramas and Courtroom Scenes
- In legal settings, lawyers might discuss plea bargains or settlements, which are forms of negotiation. You might hear dialogue like: 'وکیل مدافع سعی داشت با دادستان مذاکره کند تا مجازات موکلش کمتر شود.' (The defense attorney tried to negotiate with the prosecutor to reduce his client's sentence.)
Listening to Persian speakers discuss their business dealings, political opinions, or even everyday compromises will provide ample exposure to 'مذاکره کردن' in its natural habitat.
Even experienced learners can sometimes misuse 'مذاکره کردن' (mozākeré kardan) or confuse it with similar concepts. Being aware of common pitfalls can help you avoid them and use the word more accurately.
- Confusing with 'بحث کردن' (to discuss/argue)
- While discussion is part of negotiation, 'بحث کردن' can simply mean talking about a topic, which might not lead to an agreement. 'مذاکره کردن' specifically implies an intent to reach a compromise or deal. For example, saying 'ما در مورد آب و هوا مذاکره کردیم' is incorrect; you would 'بحث کردیم' (discussed) about the weather.
- Overuse in informal settings
- 'مذاکره کردن' generally carries a formal or semi-formal tone. Using it for very casual interactions, like deciding where to eat with friends, might sound a bit too serious. You might say 'بیا با هم قرار بذاریم' (Let's decide together) or 'بریم فلان جا' (Let's go to X place) instead.
غلط: ما برای رفتن به سینما مذاکره کردیم.
Correct: ما برای رفتن به سینما صحبت کردیم / توافق کردیم.
- Incorrect Preposition Usage
- As mentioned before, using the wrong preposition can change the meaning or make the sentence grammatically incorrect. For example, using 'در' (in/at) instead of 'با' (with) or 'بر سر' (over) would be a mistake. 'او با من مذاکره کرد' is correct, but 'او در من مذاکره کرد' is not.
- Assuming a guaranteed outcome
- 'مذاکره کردن' is a process, not a guarantee of success. Saying something like 'ما مذاکره کردیم و موفق شدیم' (We negotiated and succeeded) is fine, but implying that the act of negotiation itself guarantees success is a misconception. Negotiation can fail.
By paying attention to these common mistakes, you can ensure your use of 'مذاکره کردن' is precise and appropriate for the situation.
While 'مذاکره کردن' (mozākeré kardan) is the primary term for negotiation, Persian offers several related words and phrases that convey similar or adjacent meanings. Understanding these distinctions will enrich your vocabulary and allow for more nuanced expression.
- بحث کردن (bahs kardan) - To discuss/debate
- This is a broader term for talking about a subject. It doesn't necessarily imply an attempt to reach an agreement or compromise. You might 'بحث کردن' about politics, a movie, or the weather. 'مذاکره کردن' is a specific type of 'بحث کردن' where the goal is an agreement.
- Example: 'آنها درباره مشکلات اقتصادی بحث کردند.' (They discussed economic problems.) vs. 'آنها درباره راه حل مشکلات اقتصادی مذاکره کردند.' (They negotiated about solutions to economic problems.)
- صحبت کردن (sohbat kardan) - To talk/speak
- This is the most general term for speaking or conversing. It's less formal than 'مذاکره کردن' and doesn't imply any specific goal of agreement. You 'صحبت کردن' with friends, family, or colleagues about anything.
- Example: 'من با دوستم صحبت کردم.' (I talked with my friend.) This could be about anything, whereas if they were discussing a shared purchase, they might 'مذاکره کردن'.
- توافق کردن (tavāfoq kardan) - To agree
- This verb signifies the successful outcome of a negotiation or discussion. It's the result, not the process itself. You 'مذاکره کردن' in order to 'توافق کردن'.
- Example: 'پس از ساعتها بحث، آنها سرانجام توافق کردند.' (After hours of discussion, they finally agreed.)
- چانه زدن (chāné zadan) - To haggle/bargain
- This is a more informal and specific type of negotiation, typically used in marketplaces or when buying goods. It involves bargaining over the price. While it's a form of negotiation, 'مذاکره کردن' is broader and can apply to many other situations beyond price bargaining.
- Example: 'در بازار، مشتریان همیشه چانه میزنند.' (In the bazaar, customers always haggle.)
فرق بین 'مذاکره کردن' و 'بحث کردن' چیست؟
'مذاکره کردن' هدفش رسیدن به توافق است، اما 'بحث کردن' صرفاً صحبت کردن درباره یک موضوع است.
Mastering these related terms will provide you with a richer toolkit for expressing various forms of dialogue and agreement-seeking in Persian.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The root 'ذکر' is also the basis for the religious term 'ذکر' (dhikr) in Islam, referring to the remembrance of God through chanting or repetition. This highlights how fundamental the concept of 'mentioning' or 'speaking' is to the root.
发音指南
- Pronouncing 'ز' (z) as 'س' (s).
- Not stressing the correct syllable in 'مذاکره'.
- Pronouncing the 'ر' (r) too strongly or too weakly.
- Confusing the vowel sounds, especially the 'ا' (a) sounds.
- Not linking the two parts of the verb smoothly.
难度评级
At the B1 level, understanding 'مذاکره کردن' in reading passages is achievable. Learners can grasp the core meaning in contexts like news articles about politics or business. However, understanding complex negotiation strategies or highly technical jargon within such texts might still pose a challenge.
Learners at B1 can start using 'مذاکره کردن' in their writing, especially in structured sentences describing simple negotiation scenarios. Producing complex or nuanced negotiation dialogues might require more advanced vocabulary and grammatical structures.
Speaking 'مذاکره کردن' is feasible at B1, particularly in role-playing or simulated situations. Initiating and participating in a negotiation might require more confidence and practice, especially when dealing with unfamiliar topics or native speakers.
Understanding 'مذاکره کردن' when spoken is manageable at B1, especially if spoken clearly and at a moderate pace. Fast-paced dialogues or those with heavy accents might present difficulties.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Compound Verbs (اسم + کردن)
'مذاکره' (noun) + 'کردن' (verb) = 'مذاکره کردن' (to negotiate). This is a common way to form verbs in Persian.
Prepositions with Verbs
'مذاکره کردن' is often followed by 'با' (with) to indicate the party and 'بر سر' (over/about) to indicate the topic. 'او با من بر سر قیمت مذاکره کرد.'
Present Subjunctive
Used after modal verbs or to express necessity/desire. 'ما باید مذاکره کنیم.'
Infinitive as Subject/Object
The infinitive can function as a noun. ' مذاکره کردن نیازمند صبر است.' (Negotiating requires patience.)
Past Tense Conjugation of 'کردن'
The past tense of 'مذاکره کردن' is formed by conjugating 'کردن': 'من مذاکره کردم', 'تو مذاکره کردی', etc.
按水平分级的例句
پدرم با فروشنده ماشین مذاکره کرد.
My father negotiated with the car seller.
Simple past tense of 'مذاکره کردن'.
آنها بر سر قیمت خانه مذاکره میکنند.
They are negotiating over the price of the house.
Present tense of 'مذاکره کردن'.
ما باید با معلم مذاکره کنیم.
We need to negotiate with the teacher.
Present subjunctive of 'مذاکره کردن'.
آیا آنها موفق شدند مذاکره کنند؟
Did they succeed in negotiating?
Infinitive form used after 'موفق شدن'.
آنها برای خریدن لوازم، مذاکره زیادی کردند.
They did a lot of negotiation to buy the supplies.
Using the noun 'مذاکره' with 'کردن'.
فروشنده حاضر نبود مذاکره کند.
The seller was not willing to negotiate.
Infinitive form after 'حاضر نبود'.
ما باید درباره برنامه سفر مذاکره کنیم.
We need to negotiate about the travel plan.
Present subjunctive with 'درباره'.
آیا او با رئیسش مذاکره کرد؟
Did he negotiate with his boss?
Past tense question.
دو شرکت برای ادغام، وارد مرحله مذاکره شدند.
Two companies entered the negotiation stage for the merger.
Using the noun 'مذاکره' with 'وارد مرحله شدن'.
نمایندگان اتحادیه با کارفرمایان مذاکره کردند تا حقوق کارگران را افزایش دهند.
The union representatives negotiated with employers to increase workers' salaries.
Past tense with purpose clause.
اگر میخواهیم این قرارداد را امضا کنیم، باید بر سر شرایط آن مذاکره کنیم.
If we want to sign this contract, we must negotiate its terms.
Conditional sentence with present subjunctive.
آنها قول دادند که با حوصله مذاکره کنند.
They promised to negotiate patiently.
Infinitive after 'قول دادند'.
مذاکرات طولانی بود، اما سرانجام به توافق رسیدند.
The negotiations were long, but they finally reached an agreement.
Implies 'مذاکره کردن' took place.
رئیس جمهور برای مذاکره کردن در مورد صلح به کشور همسایه رفت.
The president went to the neighboring country to negotiate about peace.
Infinitive used for purpose.
فرهنگ سازمانی ما تشویق به مذاکره کردن سازنده میکند.
Our organizational culture encourages constructive negotiation.
Gerund-like usage after 'تشویق به'.
چقدر طول کشید تا شما بر سر قیمت مذاکره کنید؟
How long did it take for you to negotiate the price?
Question about duration of negotiation.
طرفین درگیر، پس از هفتهها بحث و تبادل نظر، سرانجام وارد مرحله مذاکره جدی شدند.
The involved parties, after weeks of discussion and exchange of views, finally entered a serious negotiation phase.
Using 'مذاکره' in a formal context.
بدون آمادگی کافی، مذاکره کردن در مورد مسائل پیچیده اقتصادی، اقدامی نسنجیده است.
Without adequate preparation, negotiating complex economic issues is an ill-advised action.
Using the infinitive as a subject.
سفیر ایران با مقامات خارجی مذاکره کرد تا تنشها را کاهش دهد.
The Iranian ambassador negotiated with foreign officials to reduce tensions.
Past tense, specifying the goal.
شرکت ما همواره تلاش میکند تا با مشتریان خود بر سر منافع متقابل مذاکره کند.
Our company always strives to negotiate with its clients over mutual benefits.
Present tense, emphasizing mutual benefit.
شکست در مذاکرات اخیر، روابط بین دو کشور را تیره کرد.
The failure in recent negotiations soured relations between the two countries.
Using the plural noun 'مذاکرات'.
آنها مجبور بودند که با وجود اختلاف نظر شدید، به مذاکره کردن ادامه دهند.
They were forced to continue negotiating despite sharp disagreements.
Using infinitive after 'ادامه دادن'.
کلید موفقیت در هر مذاکره، گوش دادن فعال و درک دیدگاه طرف مقابل است.
The key to success in any negotiation is active listening and understanding the other party's perspective.
Using the noun 'مذاکره' with 'هر'.
آیا حاضر هستید که با ما بر سر شرایط استخدام مذاکره کنید؟
Are you willing to negotiate with us over the employment terms?
Formal question using 'مذاکره کردن'.
رویکرد استراتژیک شرکت، تمرکز بر مذاکره کردن بر سر منافع بلندمدت، نه صرفاً سود کوتاهمدت است.
The company's strategic approach focuses on negotiating long-term interests, not just short-term profit.
Infinitive used as the object of a preposition.
دیپلماتها در تلاشند تا با مذاکره کردن در مورد کاهش تسلیحات، از یک جنگ احتمالی جلوگیری کنند.
Diplomats are trying to prevent a potential war by negotiating about arms reduction.
Using 'مذاکره کردن' to describe a complex diplomatic action.
عدم تمایل به مذاکره کردن در چنین شرایط حساسی، میتواند عواقب وخیمی داشته باشد.
The unwillingness to negotiate in such sensitive circumstances can have dire consequences.
Using infinitive as the subject of a negative statement.
تجربه نشان داده است که مذاکره کردن با رویکردی برد-برد، پایدارترین نتایج را به همراه دارد.
Experience has shown that negotiating with a win-win approach yields the most sustainable results.
Using infinitive as the subject, emphasizing a specific approach.
آنها در مورد جزئیات فنی پروژه، با دقت فراوان مذاکره کردند.
They negotiated the technical details of the project with great care.
Past tense with adverbial emphasis.
فرآیند مذاکره کردن نیازمند صبر، انعطافپذیری و درک عمیق از منافع طرفین است.
The process of negotiating requires patience, flexibility, and a deep understanding of the parties' interests.
Using 'مذاکره کردن' as part of a noun phrase.
برای حل بحران، لازم است که همه طرفها حاضر به مذاکره کردن باشند.
To resolve the crisis, it is necessary for all parties to be willing to negotiate.
Using infinitive after 'حاضر به'.
تاریخ روابط بینالملل سرشار از نمونههای موفقیتآمیز و ناموفق مذاکره کردن است.
The history of international relations is replete with successful and unsuccessful examples of negotiation.
Using infinitive in a descriptive phrase.
هنر مذاکره کردن در سطوح عالی دیپلماتیک، ترکیبی ظریف از دانش، استراتژی و درک روانشناختی است.
The art of negotiating at the highest diplomatic levels is a subtle blend of knowledge, strategy, and psychological insight.
Using 'مذاکره کردن' to define an art form.
بسیاری از منازعات بینالمللی را میتوان با مذاکره کردن سازنده و مبتنی بر احترام متقابل، حل و فصل نمود.
Many international conflicts can be resolved through constructive negotiation based on mutual respect.
Using infinitive with 'حل و فصل نمود' (to resolve).
عدم پایبندی به تعهدات حاصل از مذاکرات، اعتبار طرفین را خدشهدار میکند.
Non-adherence to commitments resulting from negotiations damages the credibility of the parties.
Using plural noun 'مذاکرات' in a formal legal/political context.
تحلیلگران معتقدند که موفقیت در مذاکره کردن بر سر مسائل ژئوپلیتیکی، نیازمند درک عمیقی از تاریخ، فرهنگ و منافع ملی است.
Analysts believe that success in negotiating geopolitical issues requires a deep understanding of history, culture, and national interests.
Using infinitive as the object of 'موفقیت در'.
شرایطی که در آن مذاکره کردن امکانپذیر یا ناممکن میشود، خود موضوعی قابل تامل است.
The conditions under which negotiating becomes possible or impossible is itself a topic worthy of consideration.
Using infinitive in a complex sentence structure.
هدف از مذاکره کردن در این مرحله، ایجاد پل ارتباطی است، نه لزوماً دستیابی به توافق نهایی.
The goal of negotiating at this stage is to build a bridge of communication, not necessarily to reach a final agreement.
Using infinitive to define the purpose of an action.
توانایی مذاکره کردن با طیف وسیعی از افراد، از ویژگیهای بارز یک رهبر موفق است.
The ability to negotiate with a wide range of people is one of the distinguishing features of a successful leader.
Using infinitive after 'توانایی'.
پیامدهای عدم مذاکره کردن در این زمینه، میتواند بسیار فراتر از انتظارات اولیه باشد.
The consequences of not negotiating in this area can be far beyond initial expectations.
Using infinitive in a negative context, emphasizing consequences.
常见搭配
常用短语
— To end negotiations.
اگر توافقی حاصل نشود، ممکن است مجبور شویم مذاکرات را پایان دهیم.
— To get into the details of the negotiation.
قبل از توافق نهایی، باید وارد جزئیات مذاکره شویم.
容易混淆的词
'بحث کردن' means to discuss or debate, which is a broader activity. 'مذاکره کردن' specifically implies an intent to reach an agreement or compromise. You can 'بحث کردن' without negotiating, but negotiation always involves discussion.
'صحبت کردن' is the general term for talking. It's much less specific than 'مذاکره کردن' and doesn't imply any goal of reaching an agreement or compromise.
'چانه زدن' is a specific, often informal, type of negotiation focused on bargaining over price, typically in markets. 'مذاکره کردن' is a more general and formal term applicable to a wider range of situations.
习语与表达
— To haggle or bargain intensely, often in a marketplace. It's a more colloquial and active form of negotiation over price.
او در بازار برای خرید یک فرش نفیس، حسابی چک و چانه زد.
Informal— To agree on the price. This is a specific outcome of negotiation, focusing solely on the monetary aspect.
پس از کلی بحث، بالاخره سر قیمت توافق کردند.
Informal/Neutral— Secret or behind-the-scenes negotiations, often conducted discreetly away from public view.
گفته میشود که طرفین در حال مذاکره در سایه برای حل بحران هستند.
Formal/Political— A prolonged and often frustrating negotiation where each side tries to outsmart the other, with little progress being made. It implies a game of cat and mouse.
این مذاکره موش و گربه بین دو کشور، هیچ نتیجهای نداشته است.
Informal/Figurative— To trade or do business, which inherently involves negotiation (though not always explicit). It implies an exchange of goods or services.
بازرگانان در بازارهای جهانی داد و ستد میکنند.
Neutral/Business— Literally 'to spread out one's goods and chattels,' but idiomatically it can imply setting up for a long negotiation or discussion, especially in a market context.
فروشنده برای بند و بساط پهن کردن و شروع به مذاکره با مشتریان کرد.
Informal— To put words into someone's mouth; to influence what they say. This can be a tactic in negotiation, but it's manipulative.
او سعی کرد با این روش، حرف در دهان نماینده بگذارد.
Informal/Negative— To empathize with someone, to understand their feelings. This is crucial for successful negotiation, building rapport.
برای دل به دل راه دادن با مشتری، باید به دغدغههایش گوش داد.
Informal/Positive— To assess the situation or conditions. This is a preliminary step before or during negotiation.
قبل از شروع مذاکرات، لازم است که شرایط را بسنجیم.
Neutral/Formal— To have the final say, to make the ultimate decision. This is the opposite of negotiation, where decisions are shared.
در این جلسه، قرار شد که او حرف آخر را بزند.
Informal/Neutral容易混淆
Both involve talking and exchanging ideas.
'مذاکره کردن' has the explicit goal of reaching an agreement or compromise, often involving proposals and counter-proposals. 'بحث کردن' can simply be an exchange of opinions or information without necessarily aiming for a resolution or deal.
آنها در مورد فیلم <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>بحث کردند</mark> (They discussed the movie), but they <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره نکردند</mark> (did not negotiate) about its plot.
Both relate to reaching understanding between parties.
'مذاکره کردن' is the process of discussion and deliberation to find common ground. 'توافق کردن' is the act of reaching an agreement or consensus, which is often the desired outcome of negotiation. You 'مذاکره کردن' in order to 'توافق کردن'.
بعد از ساعتها <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره</mark>، بالاخره <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>توافق کردند</mark> (After hours of negotiation, they finally agreed).
Both are parts of the negotiation process.
'پیشنهاد دادن' (to propose) is an action taken *during* negotiation. It's one step in the back-and-forth. 'مذاکره کردن' is the entire process that includes making proposals, receiving counter-proposals, discussing, and aiming for an agreement.
او اولین <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>پیشنهاد</mark> را داد، و سپس ما شروع به <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره کردن</mark> کردیم (He made the first proposal, and then we started negotiating).
Both are integral to the negotiation process.
'مصالحه کردن' means to compromise or reconcile differences. It is a crucial element and tactic *within* 'مذاکره کردن'. Negotiation is the broader process that may involve many acts of compromise.
برای رسیدن به توافق، هر دو طرف مجبور بودند <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مصالحه کنند</mark>، که بخشی از <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره</mark> بود (To reach an agreement, both sides had to compromise, which was part of the negotiation).
Both involve seeking a better deal.
'چانه زدن' is specifically about bargaining over price, usually in informal settings like markets. 'مذاکره کردن' is a broader term for any discussion aimed at reaching an agreement, applicable to business contracts, diplomatic treaties, and more, and is generally more formal.
در مغازه فرش فروشی، مشتری <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>چانه زد</mark>، اما در جلسه هیئت مدیره، آنها <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره کردند</mark> (In the carpet shop, the customer bargained, but in the board meeting, they negotiated).
句型
Subject + با + Noun + مذاکره کرد/میکند.
او با دوستش <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره کرد</mark>.
Subject + بر سر + Noun + مذاکره کرد/میکند.
آنها بر سر قیمت <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره میکنند</mark>.
Subject + برای + Infinitive + Subject + مذاکره کردن (conjugated).
ما برای رسیدن به توافق <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره کردیم</mark>.
Subject + تلاش کردن + تا + Subject + مذاکره کند.
او تلاش کرد تا با رئیسش <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره کند</mark>.
Infinitive + Subject + مذاکره کردن (as subject).
<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره کردن</mark> با دشمنان سخت است.
Subject + در مورد + Noun + مذاکره کردن (conjugated).
سفیر در مورد برنامه هستهای <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره کرد</mark>.
Adverb + Subject + مذاکره کردن (conjugated).
آنها با احتیاط فراوان <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره کردند</mark>.
Subject + مجبور بودن + که + Subject + مذاکره کند.
ما مجبور بودیم که با آنها <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>مذاکره کنیم</mark>.
词族
名词
动词
相关
如何使用
High, especially in contexts related to business, politics, and commerce.
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Using 'مذاکره کردن' for simple conversations.
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Using 'صحبت کردن' or 'بحث کردن' for general talking.
'مذاکره کردن' implies a goal of reaching an agreement or compromise, which is usually not the case in casual chats. For example, saying 'ما در مورد آب و هوا مذاکره کردیم' is incorrect; you would 'بحث کردیم' (discussed) about the weather.
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Incorrect preposition usage.
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Using 'با' for the party and 'بر سر' or 'در مورد' for the topic.
Using the wrong preposition can change the meaning or make the sentence ungrammatical. For instance, 'او با من مذاکره کرد' (He negotiated with me) is correct, but 'او در من مذاکره کرد' is not.
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Confusing 'مذاکره کردن' with 'توافق کردن'.
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Understanding that 'مذاکره کردن' is the process, and 'توافق کردن' is the outcome.
'مذاکره کردن' is the act of discussing to reach an agreement, while 'توافق کردن' is the successful achievement of that agreement. They are related but distinct actions.
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Overusing the noun 'مذاکره' instead of the verb.
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Using the verb 'مذاکره کردن' when describing the action.
While the noun 'مذاکره' is common, learners sometimes forget to form the compound verb. For example, instead of 'آنها مذاکره کردند' (They negotiated), they might say 'آنها مذاکرهای کردند' (They did a negotiation), which is less direct.
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Assuming negotiation always leads to agreement.
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Recognizing that negotiation is a process that can fail.
The verb 'مذاکره کردن' describes the attempt to reach an agreement. It does not guarantee success. Negotiations can end without an agreement.
小贴士
Understand the Nuance
Remember that 'مذاکره کردن' implies a formal or semi-formal process of reaching an agreement through discussion and compromise. It's more than just talking; it's about seeking common ground and resolving differences.
Master the Prepositions
Pay close attention to the prepositions used with 'مذاکره کردن'. 'با' (with) indicates the party involved, and 'بر سر' or 'در مورد' (over/about) indicates the subject of negotiation. Correct usage is key to clarity.
Practice Pronunciation
Focus on the stress pattern, which typically falls on the third syllable of 'مذاکره' (mo-za-KE-re). Consistent practice will improve your fluency and comprehension.
Distinguish from Similar Verbs
Differentiate 'مذاکره کردن' from 'بحث کردن' (to discuss) and 'صحبت کردن' (to talk). While related, they have different implications regarding the goal of the interaction. 'مذاکره کردن' is the most goal-oriented.
Use it in Sentences
Actively try to construct sentences using 'مذاکره کردن' in various tenses and contexts. The more you use it, the more natural it will become.
Appreciate the Cultural Aspect
In Persian culture, negotiation is often viewed as a skill. Understanding this cultural value can provide insight into how and why the word is used so frequently in everyday and professional life.
Create Associations
Use mnemonics, visual aids, or stories to connect the word 'مذاکره کردن' with its meaning. Associating it with careful discussion or a mosaic of ideas can aid recall.
Listen Actively
When listening to Persian media or conversations, pay attention to instances of 'مذاکره کردن'. Try to identify the participants, the topic, and the outcome of the negotiation being discussed.
Read Widely
Expose yourself to Persian texts, especially news articles and business-related content, where 'مذاکره کردن' is commonly used. This will build your familiarity and understanding of its various applications.
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of 'mo-za-KER' sounding like 'most careful' when you are discussing important terms. You need to be 'most careful' when you 'negotiate'. So, 'mo-za-KER-e kardan' means to negotiate carefully.
视觉联想
Imagine two people sitting at a table, holding hands across it, and both are wearing serious but hopeful expressions. They are in the process of 'مذاکره کردن' to reach an agreement.
Word Web
挑战
Try to write three sentences about a hypothetical negotiation you might have, using 'مذاکره کردن' in each. For example, negotiating a salary, planning a trip with friends, or discussing a purchase.
词源
The word 'مذاکره' (mozākeré) originates from the Arabic root 'ذکر' (dhikr), which means 'to mention,' 'to remember,' or 'to speak of.' In Arabic, 'مذاکره' (mudhākarah) specifically means 'discussion' or 'dialogue.' The Persian verb 'کردن' (kardan - to do) is appended to form the compound verb 'مذاکره کردن.'
原始含义： In its Arabic origin, it means 'mutual remembrance' or 'discussion.' The Persian usage retains the 'discussion' aspect, emphasizing a back-and-forth exchange.
Indo-Iranian (Persian) / Semitic (Arabic origin)文化背景
When negotiating, particularly in formal settings, it's important to be respectful of the other party's position and cultural background. Aggressive or dismissive behavior can hinder the process. Understanding the nuances of Persian communication, such as indirectness and emphasis on politeness, can be beneficial when negotiating with Persian speakers.
In English-speaking cultures, negotiation is also highly valued, particularly in business. However, the style can vary. Some cultures might be more direct, while others might emphasize relationship-building more extensively, similar to Persian culture. The term 'negotiation' itself covers a broad spectrum of interactions.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Business Dealings
- مذاکره بر سر قیمت
- مذاکره در مورد قرارداد
- مذاکره با شریک تجاری
International Relations
- مذاکره در مورد صلح
- مذاکره با مقامات خارجی
- مذاکره بر سر توافقنامه
Marketplace Transactions
- چانه زدن
- مذاکره بر سر قیمت
- داد و ستد کردن
Labor Disputes
- مذاکره با کارفرمایان
- مذاکره در مورد حقوق
- مذاکره با اتحادیه
Personal Agreements
- مذاکره با اعضای خانواده
- مذاکره در مورد برنامه سفر
- مذاکره برای حل اختلاف
对话开场白
"What was the last thing you had to negotiate?"
"Do you think negotiation is always necessary to reach an agreement?"
"What makes a good negotiator, in your opinion?"
"When is it okay to refuse to negotiate?"
"How important is compromise in negotiation?"
日记主题
Describe a time you successfully negotiated something important. What strategies did you use?
Reflect on a negotiation that didn't go as planned. What could you have done differently?
Imagine you are a diplomat. What would be your primary goal when negotiating with another country?
How does the ability to negotiate influence your daily life, both personally and professionally?
Write about the cultural differences in negotiation styles you might have observed or experienced.
常见问题
10 个问题'مذاکره کردن' specifically aims to reach an agreement or compromise between parties. It involves a structured exchange of proposals and counter-proposals with a clear objective. 'بحث کردن', on the other hand, is a broader term for discussing a topic, which may or may not lead to an agreement. You can 'بحث کردن' about the weather without negotiating, but you 'مذاکره کردن' to settle on terms for a contract.
It's appropriate to use 'مذاکره کردن' whenever two or more parties need to discuss terms and reach a mutually acceptable agreement. This includes business deals, contract negotiations, diplomatic talks, labor disputes, and even significant personal decisions where consensus is required.
Generally, 'مذاکره کردن' carries a formal or semi-formal tone. For very informal situations, like deciding where to eat with friends, words like 'صحبت کردن' (to talk) or 'توافق کردن' (to agree) might be more natural. However, if there's a slight disagreement or a need to find a compromise, it could be used informally, but it might sound a bit serious.
The most common prepositions are 'با' (bā - with) to indicate the party you are negotiating with, and 'بر سر' (bar sar - over/about) or 'در مورد' (dar mored - about) to indicate the topic of negotiation. For example: 'او با من بر سر قیمت مذاکره کرد.'
The noun form is 'مذاکره' (mozākeré), which means 'negotiation' or 'discussion'. For example: 'آنها وارد مرحله مذاکره شدند.' (They entered the negotiation stage.)
No, 'مذاکره کردن' is a process, and like any process, it can be successful or unsuccessful. Parties may fail to reach an agreement, and the negotiations might break down. The verb describes the attempt to negotiate, not the guaranteed outcome.
'چانه زدن' is a specific type of negotiation, usually informal and focused on bargaining over price, common in markets. 'مذاکره کردن' is a broader, more general term for any discussion aimed at reaching an agreement, used in more formal contexts like business or diplomacy.
The most common term is 'مذاکرهکننده' (mozākeré-konandé). Another less common term is 'مذاکرهگر' (mozākeré-gar).
While there isn't a single direct idiom, it would be described as 'مذاکره کردن از روی عدم صداقت' (negotiating with dishonesty) or 'مذاکره کردن با نیت فریب' (negotiating with the intent to deceive).
You can practice by role-playing scenarios, writing dialogues, reading news articles about negotiations, and trying to incorporate the word into your own conversations or writing exercises.
自我测试 10 个问题
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
The Persian verb 'مذاکره کردن' (mozākeré kardan) means 'to negotiate' and is used when parties discuss terms to reach an agreement, involving compromise. It's crucial in business, politics, and everyday life.
- To negotiate, discuss terms to reach an agreement.
- Used in business, politics, and everyday life.
- Involves compromise and discussion.
- Key verb for resolving differences.
Understand the Nuance
Remember that 'مذاکره کردن' implies a formal or semi-formal process of reaching an agreement through discussion and compromise. It's more than just talking; it's about seeking common ground and resolving differences.
Master the Prepositions
Pay close attention to the prepositions used with 'مذاکره کردن'. 'با' (with) indicates the party involved, and 'بر سر' or 'در مورد' (over/about) indicates the subject of negotiation. Correct usage is key to clarity.
Context is Key
The word 'مذاکره کردن' is frequently used in contexts involving business, politics, law, and international relations. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize and use the word more effectively.
Practice Pronunciation
Focus on the stress pattern, which typically falls on the third syllable of 'مذاکره' (mo-za-KE-re). Consistent practice will improve your fluency and comprehension.
