The Korean conjunction ~아/어서 is used to connect two clauses. It has two main uses at the A1 level.
First, it can indicate a reason or cause for the action in the second clause. For example, if you say "I'm tired, so I'm going home," ~아/어서 would connect "I'm tired" and "I'm going home."
Second, it can show that one action happens sequentially before another, and the first action is a prerequisite for the second. For instance, "Come here and sit down" would use ~아/어서 to link "come here" and "sit down."
It's important to note that ~아/어서 cannot be used with the past tense marker (았/었). Also, when indicating a reason, the second clause generally shouldn't be an imperative (command) or a propositive (suggestion).
~아/어서 is a versatile Korean conjunction used to connect two clauses. It primarily indicates that the first clause is the reason or cause for the second clause. For example, if you say "배고파서 밥을 먹어요" (I'm hungry, so I eat rice), "배고파서" explains why you are eating.
Beyond expressing reason, ~아/어서 can also show a sequential relationship between actions, where the first action must happen before the second. For instance, in "집에 가서 숙제를 해요" (I go home and do homework), going home precedes doing homework. This means that the first action is a prerequisite for the second.
It's important to note that you cannot use ~아/어서 with past tense in the first clause. If you want to say "Because I was hungry..." you would not say "배고팠어서" but rather use a different grammatical structure like ~았/었기 때문에 or ~아서 if the tense is already established in the second clause.
Additionally, ~아/어서 is often used with verbs like '반갑습니다' (nice to meet you) or '고맙습니다' (thank you). For example, "만나서 반갑습니다" (It's nice because I met you, or Nice to meet you). This construction highlights the reason for the feeling or expression of gratitude. It's a fundamental connector for expressing cause, reason, or a natural sequence of events in Korean.
~ 아/어서 is a versatile Korean conjunction with two main uses. Firstly, it indicates a reason or cause for the following clause, similar to "because" or "so." For example, "비가 와서 집에 있었어요" (I stayed home because it rained). Secondly, it connects two sequential actions where the first action directly leads to or enables the second. For instance, "밥을 먹어서 힘이 났어요" (I ate and then I had energy).
It's important to note that ~아/어서 cannot be used with the past tense marker -았/었- on the first verb, and it generally doesn't combine with imperative or propositive endings when expressing a reason.
The Korean conjunction '~아/어서' is a versatile grammatical particle used to connect two clauses. It primarily indicates that the preceding clause is the reason or cause for the following clause. For example, '비가 와서 집에 있었어요' (Because it rained, I stayed home). This structure is essential for expressing cause and effect in Korean.
Furthermore, '~아/어서' can also indicate a sequential action where the first action must be completed before the second action can occur. For instance, '밥을 먹어서 힘이 났어요' (I ate rice, so I gained strength). In this context, eating rice is a prerequisite for gaining strength.
It's important to note that '~아/어서' cannot be used with propositions or commands in the second clause. For those situations, other conjunctions like '-(으)니까' are more appropriate. Understanding the nuances of '~아/어서' is crucial for constructing grammatically correct and natural-sounding Korean sentences.
~ 아/어서 30秒了解
- Use for 'because' or 'so' (reason).
- Use for sequential actions (first do this, then that).
- Cannot be used with past tense or imperative/propositive endings in the first clause.
§ Common Mistakes with ~아/어서
When learning Korean, some conjunctions can be tricky. ~아/어서 is one of them. While it seems simple – meaning “so,” “therefore,” or “because” – there are specific rules about its usage that often trip up learners. Let's look at the most common mistakes so you can avoid them.
§ Mistake 1: Using ~아/어서 with Commands or Suggestions
This is perhaps the most frequent mistake. You cannot use ~아/어서 to connect a reason with a command (e.g., “Go!”) or a suggestion (e.g., “Let’s go!”). This is a strict grammatical rule. Instead, you need to use other conjunctions like ~(으)니까 or ~지 마세요 (for negative commands).
비가 와서 영화를 보러 가세요. (Incorrect)
Why is this wrong? Because “가세요” is a command. You're telling someone to go watch a movie because it's raining. ~아/어서 doesn't work for this.
비가 오니까 영화를 보러 가세요. (Correct: Because it's raining, please go watch a movie.)
배고파서 밥을 먹읍시다. (Incorrect)
Again, “먹읍시다” is a suggestion (“Let’s eat”). ~아/어서 isn’t suitable here.
배고프니까 밥을 먹읍시다. (Correct: Because I'm hungry, let's eat.)
§ Mistake 2: Using ~아/어서 with Past Tense or Future Tense
The verb or adjective before ~아/어서 should *never* be in the past tense (e.g., ~았/었~) or future tense (~(으)ㄹ 것~). The tense of the entire sentence is determined by the final verb. This means that ~아/어서 itself indicates a sequence of events or a reason without needing to be marked for tense.
어제 공부해서 시험을 잘 봤어요. (Correct: Because I studied yesterday, I did well on the exam.)
Notice that “공부해서” isn’t “공부했어서.” The past tense is shown at the end with “잘 봤어요.” The studying happened in the past, and that led to doing well on the exam.
어제 공부했어서 시험을 잘 봤어요. (Incorrect)
내일 바쁠 것이어서 미리 준비해요. (Incorrect)
You wouldn’t use the future tense with ~아/어서.
내일 바빠서 미리 준비해요. (Correct: Because I will be busy tomorrow, I am preparing in advance.)
§ Mistake 3: Confusing ~아/어서 with ~고 (Sequential Actions)
Both ~아/어서 and ~고 can connect sequential actions, but there's a key difference: ~아/어서 implies a *causal or logical connection* between the two actions, while ~고 simply lists actions in order without necessarily implying a cause-and-effect relationship.
- DEFINITION
- ~아/어서: Action 1 happens, and as a result or consequence, Action 2 happens.
- DEFINITION
- ~고: Action 1 happens, and then Action 2 happens. (No strong causal link implied.)
도서관에 가서 책을 읽었어요. (Correct: I went to the library, and then I read a book [implied: I read it because I was at the library].)
Here, going to the library is a prerequisite or reason for reading the book there.
도서관에 가고 책을 읽었어요. (Also correct, but different nuance: I went to the library, and I also read a book [less emphasis on the library as the reason for reading].)
This sentence simply lists two actions that happened in order. The reading might have happened somewhere else, or it's just another action done that day.
§ Mistake 4: Not Using ~아/어서 for Greetings and Apologies
This isn't exactly a 'mistake' in the sense of grammatical incorrectness, but rather a missed opportunity to sound natural. In Korean, when you express gratitude or apology related to an action, ~아/어서 is the most common and polite way to do it.
늦어서 죄송합니다. (Correct: I am sorry because I am late.)
와 주셔서 감사합니다. (Correct: Thank you for coming.)
While you might technically be able to phrase these with other conjunctions, ~아/어서 is the standard and most idiomatic choice for these common expressions.
§ Key Takeaways
- Do not use ~아/어서 with commands or suggestions.
- Do not use past or future tense before ~아/어서.
- Remember the causal link for ~아/어서 when connecting sequential actions.
- Use ~아/어서 for standard apologies and greetings.
By keeping these common pitfalls in mind, you'll be able to use ~아/어서 more accurately and sound more natural in your Korean conversations. Keep practicing!
趣味小知识
This conjunction is highly versatile and frequently used in daily conversation to express reasons or describe a sequence of events. It's one of the first conjunctions learners encounter due to its fundamental role in connecting clauses.
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需要掌握的语法
Can't be used with past tense (-았/었-). Instead, use "- (으)니까" or "-기 때문에."
비가 와서 박물관에 갔어요 (X). 비가 왔으니까 박물관에 갔어요 (O).
Can't be used with future tense (-겠-).
바빠서 못 만날 거예요 (X). 바쁘니까 못 만날 거예요 (O).
Can't be used with imperative (- (으)세요) or propositive (- (으)ㅂ시다) sentences. Instead, use "- (으)니까."
피곤해서 쉬세요 (X). 피곤하니까 쉬세요 (O).
When the reason is a universally accepted truth or a statement of fact, it can be used with past tense forms like "-았/었-. This is a more advanced usage and less common for beginners.
아침을 먹어서 배가 불렀어요 (O - my belly is full because I ate breakfast).
When 'A' is the reason for 'B', and 'B' describes an emotional state or a physical condition, "- 아/어서" is commonly used.
추워서 감기에 걸렸어요 (O - I caught a cold because it was cold).
按水平分级的例句
비가 와서 집에 있었어요.
Because it rained, I stayed at home.
배고파서 밥을 많이 먹었어요.
Because I was hungry, I ate a lot of rice.
피곤해서 일찍 잤어요.
Because I was tired, I slept early.
친구가 와서 같이 놀았어요.
Because my friend came, we played together.
숙제가 많아서 바빴어요.
Because there was a lot of homework, I was busy.
너무 더워서 에어컨을 켰어요.
Because it was too hot, I turned on the air conditioner.
늦잠을 자서 학교에 늦었어요.
Because I overslept, I was late for school.
아파서 병원에 갔어요.
Because I was sick, I went to the hospital.
비가 와서 길이 미끄러워요.
Because it rained, the road is slippery.
배가 고파서 밥을 많이 먹었어요.
Because I was hungry, I ate a lot of rice.
피곤해서 일찍 잤어요.
Because I was tired, I went to bed early.
친구가 와서 같이 영화를 봤어요.
My friend came over, so we watched a movie together.
날씨가 좋아서 산책했어요.
Because the weather was good, I took a walk.
너무 바빠서 점심을 못 먹었어요.
Because I was too busy, I couldn't eat lunch.
선물을 받아서 기분이 좋아요.
Because I received a gift, I feel good.
공부해야 해서 도서관에 가요.
Because I have to study, I'm going to the library.
교통 체증이 심해서 회의에 늦었어요.
Traffic jam was severe, so I was late for the meeting.
피곤해서 일찍 잠자리에 들었어요.
I was tired, so I went to bed early.
비가 와서 야외 활동을 취소했어요.
It rained, so we canceled the outdoor activity.
너무 추워서 따뜻한 차를 마셨어요.
It was too cold, so I drank warm tea.
배가 고파서 라면을 끓여 먹었어요.
I was hungry, so I cooked and ate ramen.
길을 잃어서 스마트폰 지도를 사용했어요.
I got lost, so I used my smartphone map.
숙제가 많아서 밤을 새웠어요.
I had a lot of homework, so I stayed up all night.
졸려서 커피를 한 잔 마셨어요.
I was sleepy, so I drank a cup of coffee.
常见搭配
常用短语
배고파서 밥 먹었어요.
I was hungry, so I ate rice.
피곤해서 일찍 잤어요.
I was tired, so I slept early.
날씨가 좋아서 산책했어요.
The weather was good, so I took a walk.
친구가 와서 기뻤어요.
My friend came, so I was happy.
비가 와서 집에 있었어요.
It rained, so I stayed home.
버스 놓쳐서 택시 탔어요.
I missed the bus, so I took a taxi.
책이 재미있어서 다 읽었어요.
The book was interesting, so I read it all.
늦어서 죄송합니다.
I'm sorry for being late.
아파서 병원에 갔어요.
I was sick, so I went to the hospital.
바빠서 숙제를 못 했어요.
I was busy, so I couldn't do my homework.
容易混淆的词
Both ~아/어서 and -(으)니까 indicate a reason. However, ~아/어서 cannot be used with imperative or propositive sentences. -(으)니까 can.
Both connect clauses. ~아/어서 indicates a sequential action where the first action causes the second, or a reason. -고 simply lists actions or states in sequence without implying a direct cause/effect.
This is often confused when trying to express 'don't do something because...'. You cannot use ~아/어서 directly with '말다'. Instead, you would use -(으)니까 or another construction to give a reason not to do something.
语法模式
习语与表达
"피곤해서 일찍 잤어요."
I was tired, so I went to bed early.
너무 피곤해서 일찍 잤어요. (I was very tired, so I went to bed early.)
neutral"배고파서 밥을 먹었어요."
I was hungry, so I ate.
배고파서 밥을 빨리 먹었어요. (I was hungry, so I ate quickly.)
neutral"늦어서 죄송합니다."
I'm sorry for being late.
교통 체증 때문에 늦어서 죄송합니다. (I'm sorry for being late because of traffic.)
formal"바빠서 못 만났어요."
I was busy, so I couldn't meet.
요즘 바빠서 친구를 못 만났어요. (I've been busy lately, so I couldn't meet my friend.)
neutral"추워서 창문을 닫았어요."
It was cold, so I closed the window.
방이 너무 추워서 창문을 닫았어요. (The room was too cold, so I closed the window.)
neutral"좋아서 웃었어요."
I was happy, so I smiled/laughed.
선물을 받아서 너무 좋아서 웃었어요. (I received a gift and was so happy that I smiled.)
neutral"아파서 병원에 갔어요."
I was sick, so I went to the hospital.
배가 너무 아파서 병원에 갔어요. (My stomach hurt so much that I went to the hospital.)
neutral"졸려서 커피를 마셨어요."
I was sleepy, so I drank coffee.
아침에 너무 졸려서 커피를 마셨어요. (I was so sleepy in the morning that I drank coffee.)
neutral"궁금해서 물어봤어요."
I was curious, so I asked.
그게 궁금해서 친구에게 물어봤어요. (I was curious about that, so I asked my friend.)
neutral"시간이 없어서 못 했어요."
I didn't have time, so I couldn't do it.
숙제할 시간이 없어서 못 했어요. (I didn't have time to do my homework, so I couldn't do it.)
neutral容易混淆
Often confused with other words related to being busy or having a lot to do.
'바쁘다' specifically means 'to be busy'.
저는 너무 바빠서 점심을 먹을 시간이 없었어요. (I was so busy, therefore I didn't have time to eat lunch.)
Students might mix this up with 'sleepy' or other states of tiredness.
'피곤하다' means 'to be tired' or 'to be fatigued'.
어제 잠을 잘 못 자서 오늘 너무 피곤해요. (I couldn't sleep well yesterday, so I'm very tired today.)
Can be confused with 'late' as in an adjective for a person, or the act of being late.
'늦다' means 'to be late' or 'to be slow'. When used with ~아/어서, it often describes the reason for being late.
버스가 늦어서 학교에 지각했어요. (The bus was late, so I was late for school.)
Sometimes confused with 'thirsty' or other physical sensations.
'배고프다' means 'to be hungry'.
너무 배고파서 밥을 빨리 먹었어요. (I was so hungry, so I ate quickly.)
Can be confused with 'sick' in a general sense, or pain in a specific area.
'아프다' means 'to be sick' or 'to hurt/be painful'.
머리가 너무 아파서 병원에 갔어요. (My head hurt so much, so I went to the hospital.)
句型
V-아/어서
지금 바빠서 점심을 못 먹어요. (I'm busy, so I can't eat lunch.)
V-아/어서
날씨가 좋아서 기분이 좋아요. (The weather is good, so I feel good.)
V-아/어서
숙제를 다 해서 놀러 갈 수 있어요. (I finished my homework, so I can go play.)
V-아/어서
친구가 와서 같이 영화를 봤어요. (My friend came, so we watched a movie together.)
Adj-아/어서
음식이 매워서 물을 많이 마셨어요. (The food was spicy, so I drank a lot of water.)
Adj-아/어서
날씨가 추워서 따뜻하게 입었어요. (The weather was cold, so I dressed warmly.)
N 이라서/여서
학생이어서 열심히 공부해요. (I am a student, so I study hard.)
N 이라서/여서
주말이라서 백화점에 사람이 많아요. (It's the weekend, so there are many people at the department store.)
如何使用
The '~아/어서' conjunction is super useful for connecting two clauses. It's often used to show a reason or cause for the second clause, like saying 'because' or 'so'. It can also show that one action happens right after another, in a sequence.
Here's how it works:
- If the last vowel of the verb or adjective stem is ㅏ or ㅗ, you use ~아서. (e.g., 가다 → 가서, 오다 → 와서)
- If the last vowel is anything else, you use ~어서. (e.g., 먹다 → 먹어서, 하다 → 해서)
- If the verb or adjective ends in 하다, it changes to 해서. (e.g., 공부하다 → 공부해서)
Remember, the tense (past, present, future) is usually expressed in the final verb of the sentence, not with ~아/어서 itself. You wouldn't say '갔어서' for 'because I went'. Instead, you'd use '가서'.
One common mistake is trying to use past tense forms like '갔어서' or '먹었어서'. This is incorrect. The '~아/어서' form itself doesn't carry past tense; the tense is indicated in the main verb at the end of the sentence.
Another mistake is confusing it with '~고'. While both connect clauses, '~고' simply lists actions or states without implying a cause or direct sequence. '~아/어서' specifically shows a reason or a direct, sequential connection.
You also cannot use '~아/어서' with commands or suggestions in the second clause. For example, you can't say '배고파서 밥 먹으세요.' (Because you're hungry, please eat.) Instead, you'd use a different conjunction like '~으니까' or restructure the sentence.
小贴士
Reason and Cause
Use ~아/어서 to show the reason or cause for an action or state. The first clause is the reason, and the second clause is the result. For example, 비가 와서 영화를 봤어요. (Because it rained, I watched a movie.)
Sequential Actions
~아/어서 can also indicate a sequence of actions where the first action logically leads to the second. For example, 밥을 먹어서 배불러요. (I ate rice, so I'm full.)
No Imperative or Prohibitive
You cannot use ~아/어서 with imperative (commands) or prohibitive (don't do) sentences in the second clause. For example, 피곤해서 자세요 (Because you're tired, sleep.) is incorrect. You'd use another grammar point like ~으니까 for this.
No Past Tense in First Clause
The first clause before ~아/어서 does not use past tense. For example, 먹었어서 배불러요 is incorrect. Use the base verb form: 먹어서 배불러요. (I ate, so I'm full.)
Action vs. Descriptive Verbs
This conjugation works with both action verbs (하다, 먹다) and descriptive verbs (예쁘다, 좋다). For example, 날씨가 좋아서 산책했어요. (Because the weather was good, I took a walk.)
Common Greetings
Many common greetings use ~아/어서. For example, 만나서 반갑습니다 (Nice to meet you - literally: because I met you, I'm glad) and 고마워서 드려요 (I'm giving this to you because I'm grateful).
Listen and Repeat
Listen to native speakers use ~아/어서 in context. Try to imitate their pronunciation and intonation. This helps with natural usage.
Practice with Daily Routines
Describe your daily routine using ~아/어서. For example, 아침을 먹어서 학교에 갔어요. (I ate breakfast, so I went to school.) This helps cement the grammar in practical situations.
No Tense in the Connective
The ~아/어서 ending itself does not carry tense. The tense of the entire sentence is determined by the final verb or adjective. For example, 늦어서 미안해요 (I'm sorry because I'm late) and 늦어서 미안했어요 (I was sorry because I was late).
词源
Native Korean
原始含义： Indicates a direct causal relationship or sequence.
Koreanic文化背景
<p>In Korean culture, direct communication of reasons is appreciated, and '아/어서' allows for a clear and concise way to explain why something happened or is being done. It's often used when politely explaining an action, even for simple, everyday situations.</p>
在生活中练习
真实语境
Explaining reasons for being happy/sad/tired/etc.
- 기분이 좋아서 (Because I'm in a good mood)
- 피곤해서 (Because I'm tired)
- 배고파서 (Because I'm hungry)
Giving instructions or directions that follow a sequence.
- 왼쪽으로 돌아서 가세요. (Turn left and go.)
- 이거 먼저 하고 나서 저거 하세요. (Do this first, then do that.)
- 씻고 나서 밥 먹을 거예요. (I'm going to eat after washing.)
Explaining why you did or will do something.
- 친구가 보고 싶어서 한국에 왔어요. (I came to Korea because I missed my friend.)
- 시간이 없어서 못 했어요. (I couldn't do it because I didn't have time.)
- 비가 와서 집에 있었어요. (I stayed home because it rained.)
Describing actions that happen in sequence.
- 문 열고 들어오세요. (Open the door and come in.)
- 커피 마시고 갈게요. (I'll drink coffee and then go.)
- 책 읽고 잘 거예요. (I'll read a book and then sleep.)
Apologizing or explaining why you're late.
- 늦어서 죄송합니다. (I'm sorry for being late.)
- 차가 막혀서 늦었어요. (I was late because of traffic.)
- 길을 잃어서 늦었어요. (I was late because I got lost.)
对话开场白
"왜 한국어를 배우세요? (Why are you learning Korean?)"
"어제 뭐 했어요? (What did you do yesterday?)"
"오늘 뭐 할 거예요? (What are you going to do today?)"
"주말에 보통 뭐 하세요? (What do you usually do on weekends?)"
"왜 기분이 좋아요/안 좋아요? (Why are you in a good/bad mood?)"
日记主题
오늘 아침에 일어났을 때 무슨 생각을 했어요? (What did you think when you woke up this morning?)
오늘 제일 행복했던 순간은 언제였고, 왜 그랬어요? (When was your happiest moment today, and why was it so?)
내일 뭐 하고 싶어서 계획했어요? (What do you want to do tomorrow, and why did you plan it?)
최근에 어떤 일 때문에 기분이 좋았거나 나빴어요? (What recently made you feel good or bad, and why?)
여행 가고 싶어서 어디로 가고 싶어요? (Where do you want to go because you want to travel?)
常见问题
10 个问题The main difference is that ~아/어서 expresses a reason that is a statement of fact or a natural consequence, and you can't use commands or suggestions after it. For example, '날씨가 좋아서 산책했어요' (Because the weather was good, I took a walk). You wouldn't say '날씨가 좋아서 산책합시다' (Because the weather is good, let's take a walk).
~(으)니까, on the other hand, can be used with commands, suggestions, or proposals. For example, '시간이 없으니까 빨리 가자' (Because there's no time, let's go quickly).
No, you cannot attach the past tense marker (았/었) to the verb before ~아/어서. The tense is determined by the main verb at the end of the sentence. For example, you would say '밥을 먹어서 배불러요' (Because I ate, I'm full), not '밥을 먹었어서 배불러요'.
'아서' is used when the last vowel of the verb stem is ㅏ or ㅗ. For example, '가다' becomes '가서' (go + because/so).
'어서' is used when the last vowel of the verb stem is anything else. For example, '먹다' becomes '먹어서' (eat + because/so).
If the verb stem ends in 하다, it becomes '해서'. For example, '공부하다' becomes '공부해서' (study + because/so).
Yes, it can. When used in this way, it implies that the first action leads directly to the second action, often with the meaning of 'and then' or 'after doing X, do Y'. For example, '집에 와서 밥을 먹었어요' (I came home and then ate/After coming home, I ate).
The main irregularity is with verbs and adjectives ending in 하. They always become 해서. For example, '공부하다' (to study) becomes '공부해서', and '행복하다' (to be happy) becomes '행복해서'.
No, ~아/어서 is a connective ending, meaning it always connects to another clause or phrase. It cannot be used to end a sentence on its own. You need a main clause to complete the sentence.
Here's one: '저는 피곤해서 일찍 잤어요.' (I was tired, so I slept early.) Here, '피곤해서' (because I was tired) is the reason for '일찍 잤어요' (sleeping early).
Here's one: '학교에 가서 친구를 만났어요.' (I went to school and met a friend.) Here, going to school happens first, and then meeting a friend happens as a result or next step.
Yes, you can. When '이다' is attached to a noun and then followed by ~아/어서, it becomes '이어서'. For example, '학생이어서' (Because I am a student).
'아니다' becomes '아니어서'. For example, '학생이 아니어서' (Because I am not a student).
~아/어서 itself is a neutral grammatical connector. The politeness of the sentence is determined by the ending of the main clause. For example, '배고파서 밥을 먹어요' (Because I'm hungry, I eat) is polite because of '먹어요'.
自我测试 102 个问题
저는 학생___ 공부해요. (I am a student, so I study.)
Use '이어서' after a consonant-ending noun.
날씨가 좋___ 산책했어요. (The weather was good, so I took a walk.)
Use '아서' after a verb/adjective stem ending in ㅏ or ㅗ. '좋다' ends in ㅗ, so '좋아서'.
저는 피곤___ 일찍 잤어요. (I was tired, so I slept early.)
Verbs ending in '하다' change to '해서'.
친구가 와서 너무 기뻤어요. (My friend came, ___ I was very happy.)
'그래서' means 'so' or 'therefore', indicating a result.
배가 고프___ 밥을 먹었어요. (I was hungry, so I ate rice.)
'고프다' ends in a vowel that becomes '고파' before '아서'.
저는 한국 사람___ 한국어를 잘해요. (I am Korean, so I speak Korean well.)
Use '이어서' after a consonant-ending noun.
Choose the correct ending: 비가 오다 (It rains) + ______, 집에 있어요 (I am at home).
'-아/어서' connects a reason (it rains) to a result (I am at home).
Which sentence correctly uses '~아/어서' to express a reason?
'-아/어서' is used to connect a reason (hungry) to an action (ate).
Select the sentence that uses '~아/어서' to show a sequential action.
'-아/어서' can also indicate a sequence of actions, where the first action is completed before the second. Here, 'going to school' happens before 'studying'.
You can use '~아/어서' with past tense endings like '-았/었-' on the first verb.
When using '~아/어서', the tense is expressed at the end of the second clause. The verb before '~아/어서' does not take a past tense ending.
It is always appropriate to use '~아/어서' when stating a reason for a command or suggestion.
You generally do not use '~아/어서' with imperative (commands) or propositive (suggestions) sentences. Other conjunctions like '-(으)니까' are more suitable in such cases.
The conjunction '~아/어서' can be used to express a reason or a sequence of actions.
That's right! '~아/어서' is versatile and can indicate both reason and sequential actions.
The speaker is explaining why they are at home.
The speaker is explaining why they are eating.
The speaker is explaining why they want to sleep.
Read this aloud:
추워서 창문을 닫아요.
Focus: 추워서 (chu-wo-seo)
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
바빠서 시간이 없어요.
Focus: 바빠서 (ba-ppa-seo)
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
공부해서 똑똑해요.
Focus: 공부해서 (gong-bu-hae-seo)
你说的：
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You are hungry. How do you tell someone you are eating because you are hungry? Start with '배가 고프다' (I'm hungry).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
배가 고파서 밥을 먹어요. (I'm eating because I'm hungry.)
You are tired. How do you say you are sleeping because you are tired? Start with '피곤하다' (I'm tired).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
피곤해서 자요. (I'm sleeping because I'm tired.)
You are happy. How do you say you are smiling because you are happy? Start with '기쁘다' (I'm happy).
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
기뻐서 웃어요. (I'm smiling because I'm happy.)
Why does the person go to school every day?
Read this passage:
저는 학생이어서 매일 학교에 가요. 학교에서 한국어를 배워요. (I am a student, so I go to school every day. I learn Korean at school.)
Why does the person go to school every day?
The passage states '저는 학생이어서 매일 학교에 가요' which means 'Because I am a student, I go to school every day.'
The passage states '저는 학생이어서 매일 학교에 가요' which means 'Because I am a student, I go to school every day.'
Why is the person at home?
Read this passage:
비가 와서 집에 있어요. 밖에 나가지 않아요. (It's raining, so I'm at home. I'm not going outside.)
Why is the person at home?
The passage says '비가 와서 집에 있어요' meaning 'Because it's raining, I'm at home.'
The passage says '비가 와서 집에 있어요' meaning 'Because it's raining, I'm at home.'
Why is the person good at Korean?
Read this passage:
책을 읽어서 한국어를 잘해요. 매일 읽어요. (I read books, so I'm good at Korean. I read every day.)
Why is the person good at Korean?
The passage states '책을 읽어서 한국어를 잘해요' which means 'Because I read books, I'm good at Korean.'
The passage states '책을 읽어서 한국어를 잘해요' which means 'Because I read books, I'm good at Korean.'
The correct order is '비가 와서 집에 있어요.' which means 'It's raining, so I'm at home.'
The correct order is '배고파서 밥을 먹어요.' which means 'I'm hungry, so I'm eating rice.'
The correct order is '피곤해서 일찍 자요.' which means 'I'm tired, so I sleep early.'
Choose the most appropriate conjunction: 저는 피곤해서 일찍 집에 가고 싶어요. (I'm tired, ____ I want to go home early.)
그래서 (so, therefore) is the most suitable conjunction to express a consequence of being tired.
Which sentence uses '~아/어서' correctly to show a reason? (Which sentence correctly explains the reason using '~아/어서'?)
In this sentence, the rain is the direct reason for buying an umbrella. The other options show sequential actions or a state of being.
Select the sentence where '~아/어서' indicates a sequential action rather than a reason. (Choose the sentence where '~아/어서' shows actions happening in order.)
Going to the library happens first, and then studying. This clearly indicates a sequence of actions.
You can use '~아/어서' after verbs that express greetings, such as '안녕하다' (to be well). (True or False: You can use '~아/어서' with greeting verbs like '안녕하다'.)
You cannot use '~아/어서' after verbs that express greetings or proposals. You would typically use '고' (and, then) for sequential actions with greetings or proposals.
'~아/어서' can always be used interchangeably with '-(으)니까'. (True or False: You can always swap '~아/어서' and '-(으)니까'.)
While both express reasons, '-(으)니까' often implies the speaker's subjective judgment or a stronger suggestion, and it can be used with commands/proposals, unlike '~아/어서'.
When the preceding verb ends in a vowel 'ㅏ' or 'ㅗ', you use '~아서'. For other vowels and consonants, you use '~어서'. (True or False: For 'ㅏ' or 'ㅗ' ending verbs, use '~아서', otherwise use '~어서'.)
This is the correct conjugation rule for '~아/어서'. For example, 가다 (to go) becomes 가서, 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹어서, 오다 (to come) becomes 와서 (combination).
저는 배가 고파서 ___ (먹다).
The sentence means 'I'm hungry, so I want to eat.' The conjunction '~아/어서' indicates the reason. '먹고 싶어요' means 'I want to eat'.
비가 ___ 밖에 못 나갔어요 (오다).
The sentence means 'It rained, so I couldn't go outside.' '~아/어서' is used to connect the reason (rain) to the result (couldn't go out).
저는 피곤해서 ___ (집에 가다).
The sentence means 'I'm tired, so I want to go home.' '~아/어서' indicates the reason for wanting to go home.
시험이 ___ 밤새 공부했어요 (있다).
The sentence means 'I had an exam, so I studied all night.' '~아/어서' connects the reason (exam) with the action (studying all night).
길이 ___ 차가 많이 막혔어요 (막히다).
The sentence means 'The road was blocked, so there was a lot of traffic.' '~아/어서' shows the reason for the traffic.
저는 감기에 ___ 약을 먹었어요 (걸리다).
The sentence means 'I caught a cold, so I took medicine.' '~아/어서' indicates the reason for taking medicine.
저는 피곤해서 집에 가고 싶어요.
The '~아서/어서' conjunction indicates the reason for wanting to go home (피곤해서 - because I'm tired).
날씨가 좋아서 산책했어요.
The '~아서/어서' conjunction explains the reason for going for a walk (날씨가 좋아서 - because the weather was good).
배가 고파서 밥을 먹었어요.
The '~아서/어서' conjunction indicates the reason for eating a meal (배가 고파서 - because I was hungry).
친구가 와서 같이 영화를 봤어요. (My friend came, so we watched a movie together.)
The sentence correctly uses '~아서/어서' to indicate that watching a movie together happened because the friend came.
숙제가 많아서 놀러 갔어요. (I had a lot of homework, so I went to play.)
The '~아서/어서' conjunction implies a logical reason. Having a lot of homework would usually be a reason not to go play, making this statement illogical.
비가 와서 우산을 가져왔어요. (It rained, so I brought an umbrella.)
The sentence correctly uses '~아서/어서' to show that bringing an umbrella was a consequence of it raining.
The rain came a lot, so I stayed home. The conjunction '와서' connects the reason (heavy rain) to the result (staying home).
I was very tired, so I slept early. '피곤해서' explains the reason for sleeping early.
I was hungry, so I ate rice/a meal. '고파서' gives the reason for eating.
저는 비빔밥을 너무 좋아해서, 점심으로 항상 비빔밥을 먹어요. (I like bibimbap so much, ___ I always eat bibimbap for lunch.)
The context implies a result or consequence of liking bibimbap, so '그래서' (therefore, so) is the most appropriate conjunction.
길이 많이 막혀서, 회의에 늦었어요. (The road was very congested, ___ I was late for the meeting.)
The first clause '길이 많이 막혀서' (because the road was very congested) provides the reason for the second clause '회의에 늦었어요' (I was late for the meeting). '그래서' (therefore, so) indicates this cause and effect.
날씨가 좋아서, 우리는 소풍을 갔어요. (The weather was good, ___ we went on a picnic.)
The good weather is the reason for going on a picnic. '그래서' (therefore, so) connects the cause and effect.
저는 배가 고파서, 라면을 끓여 먹었어요. (I was hungry, ___ I cooked and ate ramen.)
Being hungry is the reason for eating ramen. '그래서' (therefore, so) correctly links these two ideas.
피곤해서, 일찍 잠들었어요. (I was tired, ___ I fell asleep early.)
Tiredness is the reason for falling asleep early. '그래서' (therefore, so) indicates this cause-and-effect relationship.
돈이 없어서, 택시를 못 탔어요. (I didn't have money, ___ I couldn't take a taxi.)
Not having money is the reason for not being able to take a taxi. '그래서' (therefore, so) is the correct connector for this causal relationship.
You missed an important appointment because you were stuck in traffic. Write a short email to apologize and explain the situation, using '~ 아/어서'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
안녕하세요, 오늘 회의에 참석하지 못해서 정말 죄송합니다. 제가 교통 체증 때문에 늦어서 약속 시간에 맞춰 도착할 수 없었습니다. 다음번에는 이런 일이 없도록 하겠습니다. 감사합니다.
Describe a time you were very happy because of something specific. Use '~ 아/어서' to explain the reason for your happiness.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 어제 친구들과 함께 저녁 식사를 해서 정말 행복했어요. 오랜만에 만나서 함께 이야기할 수 있어서 즐거웠습니다. 친구들과 함께 시간을 보내는 것은 언제나 저를 기쁘게 합니다.
You are recommending a local restaurant to a friend. Explain why you like it so much, using '~ 아/어서' to give reasons.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
이 식당은 음식이 정말 맛있어서 강력히 추천합니다. 직원들도 매우 친절해서 갈 때마다 기분이 좋아요. 분위기도 좋아서 친구랑 같이 가면 정말 좋을 거예요.
화자가 책을 많이 읽는 것을 다른 사람들에게 권하는 이유는 무엇인가요?
Read this passage:
저는 어릴 때부터 책을 많이 읽어서 지식이 풍부합니다. 독서를 통해 다양한 분야의 정보를 얻을 수 있었고, 이는 제가 성장하는 데 큰 도움이 되었습니다. 그래서 저는 항상 다른 사람들에게도 독서를 권합니다.
화자가 책을 많이 읽는 것을 다른 사람들에게 권하는 이유는 무엇인가요?
지식이 풍부합니다와 정보를 얻을 수 있었고를 통해서 답을 유추할 수 있습니다.
지식이 풍부합니다와 정보를 얻을 수 있었고를 통해서 답을 유추할 수 있습니다.
화자는 왜 집에서 쉬었나요?
Read this passage:
어제는 비가 많이 와서 외출을 할 수 없었어요. 그래서 집에서 영화를 보면서 하루 종일 쉬었습니다. 오랜만에 아무것도 하지 않고 편안하게 시간을 보낼 수 있어서 좋았습니다.
화자는 왜 집에서 쉬었나요?
비가 많이 와서 외출을 할 수 없었어요라는 문장에서 직접적으로 이유를 찾을 수 있습니다.
비가 많이 와서 외출을 할 수 없었어요라는 문장에서 직접적으로 이유를 찾을 수 있습니다.
화자가 한국어를 매일 꾸준히 공부하는 이유는 무엇인가요?
Read this passage:
저는 한국어를 공부하는 것이 재미있어서 매일 꾸준히 공부하고 있습니다. 새로운 단어를 배우고 문법을 익히는 과정이 흥미롭습니다. 나중에 한국으로 여행을 가서 원어민과 유창하게 대화하고 싶습니다.
화자가 한국어를 매일 꾸준히 공부하는 이유는 무엇인가요?
한국어를 공부하는 것이 재미있어서 매일 꾸준히 공부하고 있습니다라는 문장에서 이유를 찾을 수 있습니다.
한국어를 공부하는 것이 재미있어서 매일 꾸준히 공부하고 있습니다라는 문장에서 이유를 찾을 수 있습니다.
저는 너무 피곤해서 일찍 집에 ___.
The conjunction '-아/어서' indicates a reason, 'I was so tired, so I went home early.' '갔습니다' (went) logically completes the sentence.
비가 많이 ___ 경기가 취소되었어요.
'-아/어서' is used to express a reason, 'Because it rained a lot, the game was canceled.' '와서' (because it rained) fits the context.
길이 ___ 우리는 다른 길을 찾아야 했다.
Here, '-아/어서' indicates the reason for finding another way. '막혀서' (because it was blocked) is the correct choice.
배가 ___ 아무것도 할 수 없었다.
The sentence states 'I couldn't do anything because I was hungry.' '고파서' (because I was hungry) is the correct usage of the conjunction.
저는 할 일이 많아서 ___.
The reason 'I have a lot to do' leads to the consequence 'I was busy.' '바빴습니다' (was busy) is the appropriate completion.
날씨가 너무 ___ 소풍을 가지 못했다.
The sentence indicates that the picnic couldn't happen 'because the weather was too cold.' '추워서' (because it was cold) is the correct option.
Describe a time you changed your plans because of unexpected circumstances. Use ~아/어서 to explain the reason for the change.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
갑자기 일이 생겨서 친구와의 약속을 취소해야 했습니다. 그래서 다음 주로 미뤘습니다.
Write a short paragraph about a memorable event where one action directly led to another significant outcome. Use ~아/어서 at least twice.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
대학교 때 처음으로 해외여행을 가서 시야가 넓어졌습니다. 여러 문화를 경험해서 세상을 이해하는 방식이 바뀌었습니다.
Explain a complex process you are familiar with, detailing how one step naturally progresses to the next. Focus on clarity and logical flow using ~아/어서.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
커피를 만들 때는 먼저 물을 끓여서 커피 가루에 붓습니다. 그리고 몇 분 기다려서 필터로 걸러냅니다. 마지막으로 설탕이나 우유를 넣어서 맛을 조절합니다.
위 글에서 언급된 기후 변화의 주요 영향은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
최근 몇 년간 전 세계적으로 기후 변화의 영향이 심각해지고 있습니다. 특히 예측 불가능한 자연재해가 자주 발생해서 많은 피해를 야기하고 있습니다. 이에 따라 각국 정부는 탄소 배출량을 줄이기 위한 정책을 수립하고 있으며, 신재생 에너지 개발에 적극적으로 투자하고 있습니다. 이러한 노력은 미래 세대를 위한 지속 가능한 환경을 만드는 데 필수적입니다.
위 글에서 언급된 기후 변화의 주요 영향은 무엇입니까?
글에서 '예측 불가능한 자연재해가 자주 발생해서 많은 피해를 야기하고 있습니다'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
글에서 '예측 불가능한 자연재해가 자주 발생해서 많은 피해를 야기하고 있습니다'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
한국의 높은 교육열이 국가 발전에 기여한 방식은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
한국의 교육열은 세계적으로도 유명합니다. 많은 학생들이 좋은 대학에 진학하기 위해 어린 시절부터 학업에 매진합니다. 높은 교육 수준은 국가 발전에 기여해서 한국이 경제적으로 성장하는 데 중요한 역할을 했습니다. 하지만 과도한 경쟁으로 인해 학생들의 스트레스가 심각하다는 비판도 있습니다.
한국의 높은 교육열이 국가 발전에 기여한 방식은 무엇입니까?
본문에서 '높은 교육 수준은 국가 발전에 기여해서 한국이 경제적으로 성장하는 데 중요한 역할을 했습니다'라고 설명하고 있습니다.
본문에서 '높은 교육 수준은 국가 발전에 기여해서 한국이 경제적으로 성장하는 데 중요한 역할을 했습니다'라고 설명하고 있습니다.
현대 사회에서 비판적 사고가 더욱 요구되는 주된 이유는 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
현대 사회에서는 정보의 홍수 속에서 필요한 정보를 선별하는 능력이 중요합니다. 잘못된 정보에 현혹되기 쉬워서 비판적 사고가 더욱 요구됩니다. 소셜 미디어를 통해 정보가 빠르게 확산되므로, 정보의 출처를 확인하고 사실 여부를 검증하는 습관이 필수적입니다. 이는 개인의 올바른 판단을 돕고 사회 전체의 혼란을 방지하는 데 기여합니다.
현대 사회에서 비판적 사고가 더욱 요구되는 주된 이유는 무엇입니까?
글에서 '잘못된 정보에 현혹되기 쉬워서 비판적 사고가 더욱 요구됩니다'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
글에서 '잘못된 정보에 현혹되기 쉬워서 비판적 사고가 더욱 요구됩니다'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
그는 너무 피곤해서 ___.
'-아/어서' 뒤에는 결과적인 행동이 오므로 '잠들었다'(fell asleep)가 적절합니다. (He was so tired that he fell asleep.)
비가 많이 와서 ___ 집에 일찍 돌아왔다.
주어가 없으므로 문맥상 '우리'가 가장 자연스럽습니다. (Because it rained a lot, we came home early.)
시험에 떨어져서 ___.
시험에 떨어진 결과로 실망하는 것이 일반적입니다. (I was disappointed because I failed the exam.)
숙제를 다 해서 ___.
숙제를 마친 후의 결과적인 행동은 과거 시제 '놀러 갔다'(went to play)가 적절합니다. (Because I finished all my homework, I went to play.)
배가 고파서 ___.
배고픈 이유에 대한 결과적인 행동은 '밥을 먹었다'(ate a meal)가 자연스럽습니다. (Because I was hungry, I ate a meal.)
길이 미끄러워서 ___.
길이 미끄러운 결과로 넘어지는 것은 '넘어졌다'(fell down)가 적절합니다. (Because the road was slippery, I fell down.)
Choose the most natural continuation: 날씨가 너무 좋아서...
The weather being good is a reason to go for a walk, not to stay home, do homework, or be tired.
Which sentence correctly uses ~아/어서 to express a sequential action?
~아/어서 for sequential action implies a close causal relationship, but for simple sequence, ~고 나서 is more appropriate here.
Select the sentence where ~아/어서 expresses a reason that prevents something from happening.
The rain (reason) prevented them from going on a picnic (negative outcome).
~아/어서 can be used with imperative or propositive sentences.
~아/어서 typically doesn't combine with imperative (~(으)세요) or propositive (~(으)ㅂ시다) endings. For such contexts, use ~(으)니까 or -기 때문에.
When expressing a feeling or emotion as a reason, ~아/어서 is generally preferred over ~기 때문에.
~아/어서 is often used with verbs or adjectives describing emotional states (e.g., 기뻐서, 슬퍼서) to express the reason for that emotion or a subsequent action.
The clause before ~아/어서 can be in the past tense.
The tense is typically expressed in the main clause. The clause preceding ~아/어서 should generally be in the present tense form.
The speaker is talking about cultural perspectives and change.
The speaker mentions complex economic situations.
The speaker is discussing the government's decision regarding technology.
Read this aloud:
이론과 실제 간의 괴리가 커서, 현장 적용에 많은 어려움이 따릅니다.
Focus: 괴리가 커서
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
다양한 이해관계자들이 얽혀 있어서, 합의 도출이 쉽지 않은 상황입니다.
Focus: 얽혀 있어서
你说的：
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Read this aloud:
글로벌 경쟁이 심화되어서, 기업들은 끊임없이 혁신해야 합니다.
Focus: 심화되어서
你说的：
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This sentence means 'I ate too much, so I'm full.' The '~아/어서' conjunction connects the reason ('ate too much') with the result ('full').
This sentence means 'It's raining, so I'll stay home.' Here, '~아/어서' connects the reason ('it's raining') with the planned action ('will stay home').
This sentence means 'My friend came to Korea, so we're going to travel together.' The '~아/어서' conjunction indicates a sequential action (friend came, then travel).
/ 102 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
~아/어서 connects two clauses, showing that the first clause is the reason for the second or that actions happen in sequence.
- Use for 'because' or 'so' (reason).
- Use for sequential actions (first do this, then that).
- Cannot be used with past tense or imperative/propositive endings in the first clause.
Reason and Cause
Use ~아/어서 to show the reason or cause for an action or state. The first clause is the reason, and the second clause is the result. For example, 비가 와서 영화를 봤어요. (Because it rained, I watched a movie.)
Sequential Actions
~아/어서 can also indicate a sequence of actions where the first action logically leads to the second. For example, 밥을 먹어서 배불러요. (I ate rice, so I'm full.)
No Imperative or Prohibitive
You cannot use ~아/어서 with imperative (commands) or prohibitive (don't do) sentences in the second clause. For example, 피곤해서 자세요 (Because you're tired, sleep.) is incorrect. You'd use another grammar point like ~으니까 for this.
No Past Tense in First Clause
The first clause before ~아/어서 does not use past tense. For example, 먹었어서 배불러요 is incorrect. Use the base verb form: 먹어서 배불러요. (I ate, so I'm full.)
例句
피곤해서 일찍 집에 가고 싶어요.
相关内容
更多communication词汇
~대해서
A2About; a particle indicating the subject of discussion.
~ 에 대해
A2About; concerning; regarding.
~쯤
A2About; approximately (quantity, time)
동의
B1The act of agreeing with someone's opinion or a proposal. A core functional word for IELTS Writing Task 2 'agree or disagree' questions.
모호성
B2The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness or lack of clarity.
그리고
A1And/and then
공지
A2A formal announcement or notification.
답하다
A1To answer
대답하다
A1To answer
대답
A1Answer; Reply (response to a question)
