A2 Verb Tenses 1 min read سهل

Reported Past Tense Formation (-ıb/-ib/-ub/-üb)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the -ıb/-ib/-ub/-üb suffix to talk about events you didn't witness yourself or learned about later.

  • Use -ıb after back vowels (a, ı, o, u): Yazıb (He wrote).
  • Use -ib after front vowels (e, ə, i, ö, ü): Gəlib (He came).
  • Always add the suffix directly to the verb stem without extra tense markers.
Verb Stem + (-ıb/-ib/-ub/-üb) = Reported Past

Reported Past Conjugation

Person Verb (Yazmaq) Verb (Gəlmək)
Mən
Yazmışam
Gəlmişəm
Sən
Yazmısan
Gəlmisən
O
Yazıb
Gəlib
Biz
Yazmışıq
Gəlmişik
Siz
Yazmısınız
Gəlmisiniz
Onlar
Yazıblar
Gəliblər

Meanings

This tense indicates an action that happened in the past, but the speaker did not witness it personally or is reporting it as hearsay.

1

Hearsay/Reported

Actions reported by others.

“Eşitdim ki, o imtahandan keçib.”

“Deyirlər, hava çox soyuq olub.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Reported Past Tense Formation (-ıb/-ib/-ub/-üb)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Stem + -ıb
Gəlib
Negative
Stem + -ma + -ıb
Gəlməyib
Question
Stem + -ıb + -mı
Gəlibmi?
Neg. Question
Stem + -ma + -ıb + -mı
Gəlməyibmi?
1st Person
Stem + -mışam
Gəlmişəm
2nd Person
Stem + -mısan
Gəlmisən

طيف الرسمية

رسمي
O gəlmişdir.

O gəlmişdir. (Arrival)

محايد
O gəlib.

O gəlib. (Arrival)

غير رسمي
Gəlib.

Gəlib. (Arrival)

عامية
Gəlib də!

Gəlib də! (Arrival)

Reported Past Logic

Reported Past

Source

  • Eşitdim I heard
  • Deyirlər They say

Usage

  • Xəbərlər News
  • Şayiə Rumor

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

O, yemək yeyib.

He ate (I heard).

2

Dostum gəlib.

My friend arrived.

3

O, kitab oxuyub.

He read the book.

4

Yağış yağıb.

It rained.

1

Eşitdim ki, o Bakıya gedib.

I heard he went to Baku.

2

Deyirlər, o işdən çıxmayıb.

They say he didn't quit his job.

3

Sən bu filmi görmüsənmi?

Have you seen this movie?

4

O, çox çalışıb.

He worked very hard.

1

Məlum olub ki, layihə təxirə salınıb.

It has become known that the project was delayed.

2

Görünür, onlar qərarı dəyişiblər.

It seems they have changed the decision.

3

Xəbərlərdə deyilib ki, yol bağlanıb.

It was said on the news that the road is closed.

4

O, bütün tapşırıqları yerinə yetirib.

He has completed all the tasks.

1

Görünür, hadisə gecə baş verib.

Apparently, the incident occurred at night.

2

Mənbələr bildirib ki, danışıqlar uğurla bitib.

Sources have stated that the negotiations ended successfully.

3

Görünür, o, məsələni dərindən araşdırıb.

It appears he has investigated the matter deeply.

4

Deyilənə görə, o, ölkəni tərk edib.

According to what is said, he has left the country.

1

Görünür, müəllif bu əsərdə öz həyatını təsvir edib.

It seems the author has described his own life in this work.

2

Ehtimal olunur ki, qərar qəbul edilib.

It is assumed that the decision has been taken.

3

Görünür, o, bu faktı gizlətməyə çalışıb.

Apparently, he has tried to hide this fact.

4

Görünür, bu hadisə cəmiyyətdə böyük rezonans doğurub.

It seems this event has caused a great resonance in society.

1

Görünür, o, bu qərarı verməklə özünü çətin vəziyyətə salıb.

Apparently, by making this decision, he has put himself in a difficult situation.

2

Məlumata görə, tərəflər razılığa gəliblər.

According to the information, the parties have reached an agreement.

3

Görünür, o, bu məsələdə öz mövqeyini dəyişib.

It appears he has changed his position on this matter.

4

Görünür, o, bu işi görməyə məcbur olub.

Apparently, he has been forced to do this work.

سهل الخلط

Reported Past Tense Formation (-ıb/-ib/-ub/-üb) مقابل Simple Past (-dı)

Both refer to the past.

Reported Past Tense Formation (-ıb/-ib/-ub/-üb) مقابل Present Continuous (-ır)

Both can end in consonants.

Reported Past Tense Formation (-ıb/-ib/-ub/-üb) مقابل Past Participle (-miş)

Both are past markers.

أخطاء شائعة

O gəldi (when not seen)

O gəlib

Use -ıb for hearsay.

O gəlibdi

O gəlib

The -di is redundant.

O gəlibmı

O gəlibmi

Vowel harmony error.

O yazdıb

O yazıb

Don't mix suffixes.

O gəlmədi (when not seen)

O gəlməyib

Reported negative.

Biz gəlibik

Biz gəlmişik

Use -mişik for 1st person.

Siz gəlibsiniz

Siz gəlmisiniz

Use -misiniz for 2nd person.

O gəlibdir

O gəlib

Formal -dir is often dropped.

O gəlib idi

O gəlmişdi

Pluperfect confusion.

O gəlib olub

O gəlib

Double tense error.

O gəlibmiş

O gəlib

Nuance of -miş vs -ıb.

O gəlib olacaq

O gəlib

Future perfect confusion.

O gəlibdir ki

O gəlib

Redundant particles.

O gəlibmişdi

O gəlmişdi

Incorrect tense stacking.

أنماط الجُمل

Eşitdim ki, o ___.

Deyirlər, o ___.

Məlum olub ki, ___.

Görünür, o ___.

Real World Usage

Social Media constant

O, Bakıya köçüb!

Texting very common

Gəlib çatmısan?

Job Interview common

Layihəni uğurla tamamlamışam.

Travel common

Bilet alınıb.

Food Delivery occasional

Sifariş hazırlanıb.

News constant

Qərar qəbul edilib.

💡

Listen for context

If the speaker wasn't there, they will use -ıb.
⚠️

Don't over-use

Use -dı for your own actions.
🎯

News reporting

Always use -ıb for news.
💬

Gossip

It's the perfect tense for rumors.

Smart Tips

Always use -ıb.

Qəza oldu. Qəza olub.

Use -ıb to distance yourself.

O evləndi. O evlənib.

Use -ıb for the state of the result.

Qapı bağlandı. Qapı bağlanıb.

Use -ıb + mi.

O gəldi mi? O gəlibmi?

النطق

yaz-ıb, gəl-ib

Vowel Harmony

Ensure the suffix vowel matches the stem vowel.

Statement

O gəlib. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

O gəlibmi? ↗

Rising intonation for questions.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Remember: -ıb is for 'I heard it on the grapevine'.

ربط بصري

Imagine a bird whispering news into your ear. The bird says '...ıb!' every time it tells you something you didn't see yourself.

Rhyme

If you saw it, use -dı, if you heard it, use -ıb, that's the rule for you and me!

Story

Ali wasn't at the party. He asks his friend, 'How was it?' The friend says, 'Music played (çalınıb), people danced (rəqs edilib), and food was eaten (yeyilib).' Ali uses -ıb because he wasn't there.

Word Web

GəlibYazıbOxuyubGörübEşidibDeyib

تحدٍّ

Write 3 sentences about what you heard happened in the news today using the -ıb suffix.

ملاحظات ثقافية

Used frequently in casual gossip.

Often used in storytelling.

Standard for reporting.

The -ıb suffix originates from Proto-Turkic perfective markers.

بدايات محادثة

Eşitdin, hava necə olub?

Deyirlər, o işdən çıxıb. Səncə doğrudur?

Səncə, bu qərar düzgün qəbul edilibmi?

Sənə görə, bu hadisə niyə bu qədər rezonans doğurub?

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Write about a rumor you heard recently.
Describe a news event you read about today.
Retell a story you heard from a friend.
Analyze a historical event using reported speech.

أخطاء شائعة

Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح


Incorrect

صحيح

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

O, dünən ___ (getmək).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gedib
Reported past.
Choose the correct form. اختيار متعدد

O, yeməyi ___ (yemək).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yeyib
Reported past.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

O, gəldi (I heard).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O gəlib
Use -ıb for hearsay.
Transform to reported past. Sentence Transformation

O gəldi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O gəlib
Reported past.
True or False? True False Rule

Use -ıb for personal experience.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Use -dı for personal experience.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: O gəlib? B: Bəli, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gəlib
Reported past.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

O / iş / bitirib

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O işi bitirib
Standard word order.
Conjugate 'yazmaq'. Conjugation Drill

O (reported past)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yazıb
Reported past.

Score: /8

تمارين تطبيقية

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

O, dünən ___ (getmək).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gedib
Reported past.
Choose the correct form. اختيار متعدد

O, yeməyi ___ (yemək).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yeyib
Reported past.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

O, gəldi (I heard).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O gəlib
Use -ıb for hearsay.
Transform to reported past. Sentence Transformation

O gəldi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O gəlib
Reported past.
True or False? True False Rule

Use -ıb for personal experience.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Use -dı for personal experience.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: O gəlib? B: Bəli, ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: gəlib
Reported past.
Build a sentence. Sentence Building

O / iş / bitirib

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: O işi bitirib
Standard word order.
Conjugate 'yazmaq'. Conjugation Drill

O (reported past)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: yazıb
Reported past.

Score: /8

الأسئلة الشائعة (8)

Only if you are reporting them as a fact you discovered later.

They are similar, but -ıb is more common for reported past.

Add -ma/-mə before the suffix.

It is used in both formal and informal registers.

Because it reports information from others.

Yes, for 1st and 2nd person, it uses -mışam/-mısan.

No, it is strictly for past events.

Yes, it is the standard tense for news.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Turkish high

-miş

Suffix choice is the main difference.

Spanish moderate

Pretérito perfecto

Synthetic vs analytic structure.

German moderate

Perfekt

Auxiliary verbs are absent in Azerbaijani.

Japanese low

Sou-da / -te iru

Conjugation vs particle usage.

Arabic low

Perfect tense

Root vs agglutination.

Chinese low

Le (了)

Particle vs suffix.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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