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B1 verb #3,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 10 دقيقة للقراءة

ویرایش کردن

ویرایش kardan
At the A1 beginner level, you might not use the word ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) in complex literary contexts, but it is still an incredibly useful word to recognize, especially if you use computers or smartphones in Persian. At this stage, your primary encounter with this word will be as a button on a screen. When you change the language of your phone or a website to Persian, the 'Edit' button will be labeled ویرایش. Understanding that 'kardan' means 'to do' helps you realize that 'virāyesh kardan' is the action of editing. You can use it in very simple sentences. For example, if you write a text message and make a mistake, you might say 'من پیام را ویرایش می‌کنم' (I edit the message). Or if someone asks what you are doing on your computer, you can say 'عکس ویرایش می‌کنم' (I am editing a photo). It is a regular compound verb, which makes it easy to conjugate in the present tense. Just remember that the first part, 'virāyesh', never changes. You only change the 'kardan' part to match who is doing the action. While you won't be discussing the nuances of structural editing at this level, knowing this word helps you navigate digital spaces and communicate basic actions related to writing and media.
As you progress to the A2 level, your ability to use ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) expands into past and future tenses, and you can start using it in more conversational contexts. You are now able to talk about things you did yesterday or plan to do tomorrow. For instance, you can say 'دیروز تکالیفم را ویرایش کردم' (Yesterday, I edited my homework) or 'فردا این ایمیل را ویرایش خواهم کرد' (Tomorrow, I will edit this email). At this level, you should also be comfortable using it with modal verbs. You can express necessity or desire by saying 'باید متنم را ویرایش کنم' (I must edit my text) or 'می‌خواهم عکسم را ویرایش کنم' (I want to edit my photo). You will also start to distinguish it from similar words like 'neveshtan' (to write) and 'khāndan' (to read). You understand that editing is the step that comes after writing. In everyday situations, such as helping a friend with a language exchange, you might ask them, 'می‌توانی متن من را ویرایش کنی؟' (Can you edit my text?). This shows a growing practical command of the vocabulary for daily tasks, social media interactions, and basic academic or professional communication.
At the B1 intermediate level, ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) becomes a core part of your active vocabulary, particularly if you are engaging with Persian media, writing essays, or working in a professional environment. You are now expected to understand the nuances of the word. It is no longer just about clicking an 'Edit' button; it's about the process of refining language. You can discuss the quality of editing, saying things like 'این مقاله به ویرایش دقیق نیاز دارد' (This article needs careful editing). You should be comfortable using the passive voice, which is very common in news and formal writing: 'کتاب ویرایش شد' (The book was edited). At this stage, you can also understand related vocabulary, such as 'virāstār' (editor) and 'virāyeshgar' (editing software). You can engage in conversations about the publishing process or content creation. For example, 'قبل از چاپ کتاب، ویراستار باید آن را ویرایش کند' (Before printing the book, the editor must edit it). You are also aware of the difference between 'virāyesh kardan' (to edit for style/structure) and 'tashih kardan' (to correct mistakes/grade). Mastery at this level means you can confidently explain your own writing process and understand instructions given by teachers or employers regarding document revision.
At the B2 upper-intermediate level, your use of ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) should be highly fluid and nuanced. You are capable of reading Persian news articles, blogs, and literature, and you will frequently encounter this word in discussions about media production, journalism, and censorship. You can articulate complex ideas about the editing process. For example, you can debate whether a text was edited too heavily: 'ویرایش کردن این متن باعث شد لحن نویسنده تغییر کند' (Editing this text caused the author's tone to change). You are comfortable using advanced grammatical structures with this verb, such as conditional sentences: 'اگر متن را ویرایش کرده بودی، این اشتباهات پیش نمی‌آمد' (If you had edited the text, these mistakes wouldn't have happened). You also understand the professional jargon associated with it, such as 'virāyesh-e fanni' (copy editing) and 'virāyesh-e mohtavāyi' (developmental editing). In a professional setting, you can confidently take on tasks that require editing and communicate your progress effectively. You understand that editing is not just about grammar, but about flow, coherence, and audience targeting. Your vocabulary allows you to critique the editing of a film or a book, demonstrating a deep cultural and linguistic understanding of how media is polished in the Persian-speaking world.
At the C1 advanced level, your command of ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) is near-native. You engage with complex academic texts, literary critiques, and professional journalism where the concept of editing is discussed with high precision. You can effortlessly navigate discussions about the ethics of editing, the historical evolution of texts, and the stylistic choices made by renowned editors. You might write a critique saying, 'ویرایش کردن آثار کلاسیک نیازمند درک عمیقی از زبان باستانی است' (Editing classical works requires a deep understanding of the ancient language). You use the verb in sophisticated passive constructions and impersonal structures. You are also fully aware of the subtle differences between 'virāyesh', 'tadvin' (compiling/film editing), and 'eslāh' (amending), and you choose the exact right word for the context. You can read a publisher's guidelines in Persian and perfectly execute the required formatting and stylistic edits. Furthermore, you can discuss the philosophical implications of editing—how changing a word alters the reality of the text. Your vocabulary is rich enough to describe an editor's work as 'meticulous' (daqiq), 'heavy-handed' (sangin), or 'invisible' (nāmar'i), showing a profound mastery of the language's descriptive capabilities.
At the C2 mastery level, ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) is a tool you use with absolute precision and elegance. You possess a comprehensive understanding of the Persian publishing industry's history and the critical role editors have played in shaping modern Persian literature. You can analyze how figures like Mohammad Ghazvini or Ahmad Shamlou approached the editing of classical texts. Your use of the verb is flawless across all registers, from the most colloquial slang to the highest academic prose. You can write comprehensive style guides or editorial policies in Persian. You understand the etymological roots of 'virāyesh' from Middle Persian and can appreciate the linguistic journey of the word. In debate or academic discourse, you can deconstruct the power dynamics inherent in the act of editing, arguing about who has the right to edit a historical document and what biases might be introduced. You might articulate thoughts like, 'عمل ویرایش کردن صرفاً یک فرآیند زبانی نیست، بلکه یک مداخله ایدئولوژیک در متن است' (The act of editing is not merely a linguistic process, but an ideological intervention in the text). At this level, you don't just use the word; you understand its cultural, historical, and philosophical weight within the Persian-speaking world.
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

ویرایش کردن في 30 ثانية

  • Action of modifying text or media.
  • Used for books, videos, and software.
  • Compound verb: virāyesh + kardan.
  • Distinct from grading (tashih kardan).
The Persian compound verb ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) is an essential lexical item in the modern Persian language, particularly within the realms of literature, journalism, academia, and digital content creation. To truly understand this word, we must break it down into its constituent parts and examine its historical and contemporary usage. The word ویرایش (virāyesh) is a noun derived from the infinitive پیراستن (pirāstan) or its related forms in Middle Persian, which historically meant to adorn, decorate, or prune. Over time, as the Persian language evolved and modernized, especially with the establishment of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (Farhangestan), the term was specifically adapted to mean 'editing' in the context of text, audio, or video. The second part of the compound, کردن (kardan), is the most common light verb in Persian, meaning 'to do' or 'to make'. When combined, they form a transitive compound verb that implies the active process of reviewing, correcting, and refining material.

من باید این مقاله را ویرایش کردن تا برای چاپ آماده شود.

This verb is not just about fixing typos; it encompasses structural changes, stylistic improvements, and factual verification. In the digital age, its usage has expanded exponentially.
Text Editing
Refining written documents, books, and articles.
You will frequently encounter this term in software interfaces, where 'Edit' is universally translated as ویرایش. Understanding the nuance of this word requires recognizing its professional weight. A 'virāstār' (editor) is a highly respected profession in Iran, often requiring deep knowledge of Persian literature and grammar.

او در حال ویرایش کردن کتاب جدیدش است.

When you say you are editing something, it implies a level of care and precision that goes beyond simple proofreading.
Video Editing
The process of cutting and arranging video footage.
The semantic field of this word also touches upon censorship occasionally, though there is a distinct word for that (sansur kardan). However, heavy editing can sometimes border on censorship in certain contexts.

نرم‌افزار برای ویرایش کردن عکس‌ها بسیار مفید است.

The versatility of the word means it is used by students editing their essays, filmmakers editing their movies, and programmers editing their code. The root of the word connects deeply to the Persian concept of beauty and refinement. Just as a gardener prunes a tree to make it grow better and look more beautiful, an editor prunes a text to make the message clearer and more impactful.

لطفاً قبل از ارسال، متن را ویرایش کردن فراموش نکنید.

This historical connection adds a layer of poetic resonance to an otherwise technical term.
Audio Editing
Manipulating sound recordings for podcasts or music.
Furthermore, the distinction between copy editing (virāyesh-e fanni) and developmental editing (virāyesh-e mohtavāyi) is well-established in the Persian publishing industry.

آنها برای ویرایش کردن فیلم به زمان بیشتری نیاز دارند.

Mastering this verb allows learners to navigate both professional environments and everyday digital tasks with ease, making it a cornerstone of B1 level vocabulary.
Using ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) correctly involves understanding its conjugation as a regular compound verb in Persian. Because it uses the light verb کردن (kardan), all the conjugational heavy lifting is done by this second part, while the noun ویرایش (virāyesh) remains unchanged. In the present tense, to say 'I edit', you say ویرایش می‌کنم (virāyesh mikonam).

من هر روز مقالات ویکی‌پدیا را ویرایش می‌کنم.

The past tense, 'I edited', is ویرایش کردم (virāyesh kardam). This structure is incredibly predictable, which is great news for learners.
Present Continuous
دارم ویرایش می‌کنم (I am editing)
When using this verb in a sentence, it typically takes a direct object, which is marked by the postposition 'را' (rā) if the object is definite. For example, 'I edited the book' is 'کتاب را ویرایش کردم' (ketāb rā virāyesh kardam). If the object is indefinite, 'rā' is omitted: 'I edited a book' becomes 'کتابی ویرایش کردم' (ketābi virāyesh kardam).

او دیروز تمام عکس‌های عروسی را ویرایش کرد.

In formal writing, the separation between the noun and the light verb is strictly maintained, but in rapid spoken Persian, they blend together seamlessly.
Subjunctive
باید ویرایش کنم (I must edit)
The subjunctive mood is frequently used with this verb, especially after modal verbs like 'must' (bāyad) or 'want' (mikhāham). 'I want to edit' is 'می‌خواهم ویرایش کنم' (mikhāham virāyesh konam).

استاد از من خواست که پایان‌نامه‌ام را ویرایش کنم.

It is also important to note the passive voice. To say 'The book was edited', you change 'kardan' to 'shodan' (to become): 'کتاب ویرایش شد' (ketāb virāyesh shod). This passive construction is vital for academic and journalistic reading.

این خبر قبل از انتشار به دقت ویرایش شد.

Furthermore, you can create an agent noun by adding the suffix '-gar' or '-tār'. While 'virāyeshgar' is sometimes used for software (editor program), 'virāstār' is the standard term for a human editor.
Past Perfect
ویرایش کرده بودم (I had edited)
When giving commands, the imperative form is ویرایش کن (virāyesh kon) for informal singular, and ویرایش کنید (virāyesh konid) for formal or plural.

لطفاً این پاراگراف را دوباره ویرایش کنید.

Negative forms are created by adding the prefix 'na-' or 'ne-' to the light verb: ویرایش نمی‌کنم (I don't edit), ویرایش نکردم (I didn't edit). Mastering these variations allows for precise communication regarding the revision and preparation of any media or text.
The verb ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) is ubiquitous in modern Persian, permeating various sectors of society from traditional publishing to the cutting-edge tech industry. One of the most prominent places you will hear and see this word is in the publishing industry (nashr). Publishing houses employ dedicated editors, and the process of preparing a manuscript for print is entirely centered around this concept.

ناشر گفت که کتاب نیاز به ویرایش کردن اساسی دارد.

Authors and editors frequently discuss the stages of editing, distinguishing between structural edits and line edits.
Publishing Houses
Used daily by authors, proofreaders, and chief editors.
Another major domain is journalism and news media. Newsrooms are fast-paced environments where articles must be edited quickly and accurately before publication. Reporters will often say they are sending their copy to the editing desk.

سردبیر در حال ویرایش کردن خبر فوری است.

Beyond print, the digital world has adopted this word universally. Every piece of software localized into Persian uses 'ویرایش' for the 'Edit' menu.
Software Interfaces
Found in the top menu bar of almost every computer program.
Whether you are using Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop, or a video editing suite like Premiere Pro, the action of modifying your file is described using this verb.

من از این برنامه برای ویرایش کردن ویدیوهای یوتیوب استفاده می‌کنم.

In academic settings, universities and research institutions rely heavily on this term. Students are instructed to edit their theses and dissertations, and peer-reviewed journals require rigorous editing. Professors will leave feedback telling students to edit specific sections for clarity.

دانشجویان باید مقالات خود را قبل از تحویل ویرایش کنند.

Social media is another modern context. When a user makes a typo in a post or comment and needs to change it, the button they click is labeled 'ویرایش'.
Social Media
Used when modifying a published post or comment on platforms like Telegram or Instagram.
Wikipedia contributors in the Persian language (ویکی‌پدیای فارسی) constantly use this term, as the entire platform is built on the concept of collaborative editing.

هر کسی می‌تواند این صفحه را در ویکی‌پدیا ویرایش کند.

From the highly formal environment of literary criticism to the casual act of fixing a typo in a text message, 'virāyesh kardan' is a dynamic and indispensable part of the Persian vocabulary.
While ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) is a straightforward compound verb, learners often make specific semantic and grammatical mistakes when using it. One of the most frequent semantic errors is confusing it with the verb تصحیح کردن (tashih kardan), which means 'to correct' or 'to grade'.

معلم برگه‌های امتحان را تصحیح کرد، نه ویرایش کردن.

While editing involves correcting, 'tashih kardan' is specifically used for grading exams or fixing definitive errors, whereas 'virāyesh kardan' implies a broader stylistic and structural refinement.
Virāyesh vs. Tashih
Use virāyesh for improving text/media, and tashih for grading or fixing factual errors.
Another common confusion is with سانسور کردن (sānsur kardan), meaning to censor. Sometimes, heavy editing by a publisher might feel like censorship to an author, but linguistically, the terms must be kept distinct.

حذف کردن آن صحنه از فیلم بیشتر سانسور بود تا ویرایش کردن.

Grammatically, learners sometimes struggle with the placement of the direct object marker 'را' (rā). Because 'virāyesh kardan' is a compound verb, 'rā' must come before the entire compound, not between the noun and the light verb.
Placement of 'rā'
Correct: Ketāb rā virāyesh kardam. Incorrect: Virāyesh rā ketāb kardam.
Saying 'ویرایش را کردم' is generally incorrect unless 'ویرایش' is acting as the specific direct object (e.g., 'I did the editing').

من متن را ویرایش کردم. (Correct usage of 'rā')

Another mistake involves using the wrong light verb. While 'kardan' is correct, learners might accidentally use 'dādan' (to give) or 'zadan' (to hit), which creates nonsensical phrases. Additionally, learners might confuse the noun 'virāstār' (editor) with the action. You cannot say 'من ویراستار می‌کنم' to mean 'I edit'.

او یک ویراستار است و کارش ویرایش کردن متون است.

Finally, in the context of software, learners might try to translate 'modify' or 'change' literally, when 'virāyesh kardan' is the most natural and expected term.
Software Terminology
Always use virāyesh for 'edit' in digital contexts, rather than taghyir dādan (to change).
By paying attention to these semantic boundaries and grammatical rules, learners can use this essential verb with native-like accuracy.

یادگیری تفاوت بین تغییر دادن و ویرایش کردن مهم است.

The Persian language offers a rich tapestry of vocabulary related to modifying, correcting, and reviewing, and understanding the synonyms and related terms to ویرایش کردن (virāyesh kardan) can greatly enhance a learner's fluency. One of the closest synonyms is اصلاح کردن (eslāh kardan), which means to correct, amend, or reform.

من باید اشتباهات تایپی را اصلاح کنم.

While 'virāyesh' implies a comprehensive review for style and structure, 'eslāh' is often focused on fixing specific errors or flaws.
اصلاح کردن (Eslāh kardan)
To correct or amend; often used for fixing specific mistakes.
Another related term is بازبینی کردن (bāzbini kardan), which translates to 'to review' or 'to revise'. This word emphasizes the act of looking at something again, often as a precursor to editing.

کمیته در حال بازبینی کردن قوانین جدید است.

For grading or marking papers, the correct term is تصحیح کردن (tashih kardan), as mentioned in the common mistakes section.
تصحیح کردن (Tashih kardan)
To correct, grade, or mark (especially exams or homework).
If you are talking about simply changing something without necessarily improving it, you would use تغییر دادن (taghyir dādan), meaning 'to change' or 'to alter'.

او تصمیم گرفت عنوان مقاله را تغییر دهد.

In the context of writing and drafting, the verb تدوین کردن (tadvin kardan) is also relevant. It means to compile, draft, or edit (specifically in the context of film editing or compiling a book from various sources). The nuance here is that 'tadvin' involves bringing different pieces together into a cohesive whole.

آنها در حال تدوین کردن یک لغت‌نامه جدید هستند.

For a quick read-through or skimming, one might use مرور کردن (morur kardan), meaning to review or browse.
مرور کردن (Morur kardan)
To review, skim, or go over something quickly.
Understanding these distinctions allows a speaker to be highly precise. If you are fixing a typo, you are doing 'eslāh'. If you are rewriting a paragraph for better flow, you are doing 'virāyesh'. If you are cutting scenes in a movie, you are doing 'tadvin'.

یک نویسنده خوب می‌داند که چه زمانی باید متن خود را ویرایش کند.

Building a robust vocabulary around these concepts is crucial for anyone engaging with Persian media, literature, or professional writing.

How Formal Is It?

رسمي

""

غير رسمي

""

عامية

""

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

من متن را ویرایش می‌کنم.

I edit the text.

Present tense, first person singular.

2

او عکس را ویرایش می‌کند.

He/She edits the photo.

Present tense, third person singular.

3

ما کتاب را ویرایش می‌کنیم.

We edit the book.

Present tense, first person plural.

4

شما پیام را ویرایش می‌کنید.

You edit the message.

Present tense, second person plural/formal.

5

آنها فیلم را ویرایش می‌کنند.

They edit the film.

Present tense, third person plural.

6

من دیروز ویرایش کردم.

I edited yesterday.

Simple past tense, first person singular.

7

آیا تو ویرایش می‌کنی؟

Do you edit?

Interrogative present tense.

8

من ویرایش نمی‌کنم.

I do not edit.

Negative present tense.

1

من باید این نامه را ویرایش کنم.

I must edit this letter.

Subjunctive mood after 'bāyad' (must).

2

او دیروز مقاله من را ویرایش کرد.

He edited my article yesterday.

Simple past tense with a direct object.

3

ما می‌خواهیم ویدیو را ویرایش کنیم.

We want to edit the video.

Subjunctive mood after 'mikhāhim' (we want).

4

لطفاً این متن را ویرایش کنید.

Please edit this text.

Formal imperative.

5

من در حال ویرایش کردن هستم.

I am currently editing.

Present continuous tense using 'dar hāl-e'.

6

آیا او عکس‌ها را ویرایش کرد؟

Did she edit the photos?

Interrogative past tense.

7

آنها هنوز کتاب را ویرایش نکرده‌اند.

They have not edited the book yet.

Negative present perfect tense.

8

من فردا فایل را ویرایش خواهم کرد.

I will edit the file tomorrow.

Future tense.

1

ویرایش کردن این کتاب زمان زیادی می‌برد.

Editing this book takes a lot of time.

Using the infinitive as the subject of the sentence.

2

این مقاله قبل از چاپ باید به دقت ویرایش شود.

This article must be carefully edited before printing.

Passive voice in the subjunctive mood.

3

ویراستار تمام اشتباهات گرامری را ویرایش کرد.

The editor edited all the grammatical mistakes.

Specific vocabulary (virāstār) combined with the verb.

4

من ترجیح می‌دهم خودم متن‌هایم را ویرایش کنم.

I prefer to edit my own texts myself.

Complex sentence with 'tarjih midaham' (I prefer).

5

نرم‌افزارهای جدید ویرایش کردن را آسان‌تر کرده‌اند.

New software has made editing easier.

Present perfect tense with a comparative adjective.

6

اگر وقت داشتم، آن را بهتر ویرایش می‌کردم.

If I had time, I would have edited it better.

Type 2 conditional sentence.

7

او به دلیل ویرایش کردن ضعیف، نمره کمی گرفت.

He got a low grade due to poor editing.

Using the infinitive as a noun phrase after a preposition.

8

آیا می‌دانی چگونه این تنظیمات را ویرایش کنی؟

Do you know how to edit these settings?

Indirect question with subjunctive.

1

ویرایش کردن متون تخصصی نیازمند دانش عمیق در آن زمینه است.

Editing specialized texts requires deep knowledge in that field.

Advanced vocabulary and abstract subject.

2

سردبیر از نحوه ویرایش شدن گزارش راضی نبود.

The editor-in-chief was not satisfied with how the report was edited.

Passive infinitive (virāyesh shodan) used as a noun.

3

با وجود ویرایش‌های متعدد، هنوز هم ایراداتی در متن به چشم می‌خورد.

Despite multiple edits, flaws are still visible in the text.

Using the noun form (virāyesh) in plural, contrasting clause.

4

نویسنده از اینکه ناشر بدون اجازه متن را ویرایش کرده بود، عصبانی شد.

The author was angry that the publisher had edited the text without permission.

Past perfect tense in a subordinate clause.

5

فرآیند ویرایش کردن این مستند بیش از شش ماه طول کشید.

The process of editing this documentary took more than six months.

Discussing long-term processes with specific media (documentary).

6

او مهارت بالایی در ویرایش کردن محتوای دیجیتال برای شبکه‌های اجتماعی دارد.

She has high skill in editing digital content for social networks.

Professional context and modern vocabulary.

7

پیش از ارسال مقاله به مجله، حتماً آن را از نظر ساختاری ویرایش کنید.

Before submitting the article to the journal, be sure to edit it structurally.

Adverbial phrase of condition (az nazar-e sākhtāri).

8

ویرایش کردن فقط اصلاح غلط‌های املایی نیست، بلکه بهبود لحن نیز هست.

Editing is not just correcting spelling mistakes, but also improving the tone.

Correlative conjunctions (na faqat... balke...).

1

ویرایش کردن آثار کلاسیک ادبی مستلزم تسلط کامل بر زبان و تاریخ است.

Editing classical literary works necessitates complete mastery of language and history.

Highly formal vocabulary (mostalzem-e, tasallot).

2

منتقدان بر این باورند که ویرایش کردن بیش از حد، صدای اصیل نویسنده را خفه می‌کند.

Critics believe that excessive editing stifles the author's authentic voice.

Abstract concepts and metaphorical language (khafe mikonad).

3

نسخه نهایی پس از عبور از چندین مرحله ویرایش محتوایی و فنی آماده انتشار شد.

The final version became ready for publication after passing through several stages of developmental and copy editing.

Technical publishing terminology (virāyesh-e mohtavāyi va fanni).

4

مسئولیت خطیر ویرایش کردن این سند تاریخی به عهده تیمی از متخصصان گذاشته شد.

The grave responsibility of editing this historical document was entrusted to a team of experts.

Formal passive construction and elevated adjectives (khatir).

5

وی با ظرافت تمام متن را ویرایش کرد، به گونه‌ای که هیچ ردی از دخالت او باقی نماند.

He edited the text with utmost delicacy, in such a way that no trace of his intervention remained.

Adverbial clauses of manner (be gune-i ke).

6

در دنیای روزنامه‌نگاری مدرن، سرعت در ویرایش کردن اخبار به اندازه دقت اهمیت دارد.

In the world of modern journalism, speed in editing news is as important as accuracy.

Comparative structures and abstract nouns.

7

چنانچه متن پیش از این ویرایش شده بود، نیازی به این همه بازبینی مجدد نبود.

If the text had been edited previously, there would be no need for all this re-reviewing.

Advanced conditional (chenānche) with past perfect passive.

8

هنر ویرایش کردن در این است که بدانی چه زمانی نباید چیزی را تغییر دهی.

The art of editing lies in knowing when not to change something.

Philosophical statement using infinitive clauses.

1

مداخله ویراستار در متن به حدی بود که عمل ویرایش کردن عملاً به بازنویسی کامل تقلیل یافت.

The editor's intervention in the text was to such an extent that the act of editing was practically reduced to a complete rewrite.

Complex academic syntax and nuanced verbs (taqlil yāft).

2

رویکرد او به ویرایش کردن، مبتنی بر حفظ امانت‌داری در عین ارتقای انسجام ساختاری بود.

His approach to editing was based on maintaining fidelity while simultaneously elevating structural cohesion.

Highly formal academic register and abstract conceptualization.

3

بررسی تطبیقی نسخه‌های مختلف نشان می‌دهد که ویرایش کردن این دیوان در طول قرون متمادی دستخوش تحولات ایدئولوژیک بوده است.

A comparative study of different manuscripts shows that editing this collection of poems over successive centuries has been subject to ideological transformations.

Advanced literary analysis terminology.

4

نمی‌توان انکار کرد که ویرایش کردن، در غایی‌ترین شکل خود، نوعی اعمال قدرت بر متن و مؤلف است.

It cannot be denied that editing, in its ultimate form, is a kind of exertion of power over the text and the author.

Philosophical discourse and complex impersonal constructions.

5

ظرافت‌های پنهان در ویرایش کردن این اثر فلسفی، تنها برای خوانندگانی با دانش عمیق هرمنوتیک قابل درک است.

The hidden subtleties in editing this philosophical work are comprehensible only to readers with a deep knowledge of hermeneutics.

Use of specialized academic jargon (hermeneutic).

6

ویراستار ارشد با اعمال یک سیاست ویرایشی یکپارچه، توانست تشتت آرا در مقالات این مجموعه را به هارمونی تبدیل کند.

By applying a unified editorial policy, the senior editor managed to transform the divergence of opinions in the articles of this collection into harmony.

Sophisticated vocabulary for managing complex projects (tashattut-e ārā).

7

در گفتمان پسااستعمارگرایی، ویرایش کردن متون بومی توسط مترجمان غربی همواره با سوءظن نگریسته می‌شود.

In post-colonial discourse, the editing of indigenous texts by Western translators is always viewed with suspicion.

Integration of socio-political theory into linguistic contexts.

8

رسالت غایی ویرایش کردن، زدودن زواید زبانی است تا جوهره اندیشه نویسنده با شفافیتی بلورین تجلی یابد.

The ultimate mission of editing is the removal of linguistic redundancies so that the essence of the author's thought manifests with crystalline clarity.

Highly poetic and elevated literary style.

تلازمات شائعة

ویرایش کردن متن
ویرایش کردن کتاب
ویرایش کردن فیلم
ویرایش کردن عکس
ویرایش کردن مقاله
نیاز به ویرایش کردن
در حال ویرایش کردن
نرم‌افزار ویرایش کردن
دوباره ویرایش کردن
به دقت ویرایش کردن

العبارات الشائعة

متن را ویرایش کردم

نیاز به ویرایش دارد

دکمه ویرایش

ویرایش نهایی

در حال ویرایش

ویرایش و بازبینی

بدون ویرایش

قابلیت ویرایش

ویرایش ساختاری

ویرایش زبانی

يُخلط عادةً مع

ویرایش کردن vs تصحیح کردن (To correct/grade - used for exams, not general text improvement)

ویرایش کردن vs سانسور کردن (To censor - involves removing content for ideological reasons, not improving it)

ویرایش کردن vs نوشتن (To write - the act of creating text, whereas editing is refining it)

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

سهل الخلط

ویرایش کردن vs

ویرایش کردن vs

ویرایش کردن vs

ویرایش کردن vs

ویرایش کردن vs

أنماط الجُمل

كيفية الاستخدام

nuance

Implies improvement and refinement, not just finding errors.

context

Primarily used in academic, professional, and digital contexts.

colloquialism

Often shortened or replaced by idioms in very casual speech, but remains the standard term.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using 'ویرایش کردن' instead of 'تصحیح کردن' when talking about grading exams.
  • Placing the direct object marker 'را' between 'ویرایش' and 'کردن' (e.g., ویرایش را کردم).
  • Confusing the noun 'ویراستار' (editor) with the verb, saying 'من ویراستار می‌کنم' instead of 'من ویرایش می‌کنم'.
  • Using 'تغییر دادن' (to change) when referring to software interfaces, instead of the standard 'ویرایش کردن'.
  • Forgetting to use the passive form 'ویرایش شدن' when the subject receiving the action is the focus of the sentence.

نصائح

Keep the Compound Together

When writing formally, try not to put too many words between 'ویرایش' and 'کردن'. While Persian allows some flexibility, keeping the compound verb together makes your sentence sound much more natural. For example, 'من متن را ویرایش کردم' is better than 'من ویرایش متن را کردم'.

Tech Vocabulary

Change your smartphone or computer language to Persian for a day. You will see the word 'ویرایش' everywhere. This is one of the fastest ways to memorize the word and associate it with the action of modifying digital content.

Academic Writing

If you are writing an essay in Persian, use 'ویرایش' to describe your revision process. Professors appreciate students who take the time to 'virāyesh' their work. It shows a higher level of academic maturity than just saying you 'wrote' it.

Stress the Syllables

In Persian, the stress in compound verbs usually falls on the last syllable of the noun part. So, emphasize the 'yesh' in 'virāyesh'. Say vi-rā-YESH kar-dan. This will make your pronunciation sound much more native.

Respect the Virāstār

In Iran, being a 'virāstār' (editor) is a highly respected intellectual profession. When discussing literature, acknowledging the role of the editor shows deep cultural understanding. Good editing is considered vital for preserving the beauty of the Persian language.

Don't Use for Grading

Never use 'virāyesh kardan' when talking about a teacher marking a test. That is 'tashih kardan'. Using 'virāyesh' in this context will confuse native speakers, as it implies the teacher is rewriting the student's essay for publication.

Pair with 'Daqiq'

A very common and useful collocation is 'ویرایش دقیق' (virāyesh-e daqiq), meaning 'careful editing'. Use this phrase when you want to emphasize that a text was reviewed thoroughly. For example, 'این متن نیاز به ویرایش دقیق دارد'.

Master the Passive

Get comfortable with the passive form 'ویرایش شدن' (virāyesh shodan). In news articles and formal reports, the focus is often on the document, not the person who edited it. Recognizing this form is crucial for B1 and B2 reading comprehension.

Expand Your Vocabulary

Once you master 'virāyesh', learn its cousins. Learn 'tadvin' for film editing and 'eslāh' for correcting. Using the exact right word for the specific type of editing will instantly elevate your Persian from intermediate to advanced.

Wikipedia Practice

If you want real-world practice, go to the Persian Wikipedia. The entire platform is based on the concept of 'ویرایش'. Reading the edit history (tārikhche-ye virāyesh) of an article is a great way to see the word used in context.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine a VIRUS (virāyesh) in your computer text, and you have to DO (kardan) something to EDIT it out.

أصل الكلمة

Middle Persian

السياق الثقافي

Iranian cinema, known globally, relies heavily on 'tadvin' (film editing), a specialized form of 'virāyesh'.

Discussions about editing in Iran sometimes intersect with discussions about state censorship (momeyezi), making the exact definition of 'virāyesh' politically sensitive.

The Tehran International Book Fair highlights the immense output of the Iranian publishing industry, where editing is a major profession.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"آیا معمولاً عکس‌هایت را قبل از پست کردن در اینستاگرام ویرایش می‌کنی؟ (Do you usually edit your photos before posting on Instagram?)"

"به نظر شما ویرایش کردن یک کتاب چقدر طول می‌کشد؟ (How long do you think it takes to edit a book?)"

"از چه نرم‌افزاری برای ویرایش ویدیو استفاده می‌کنی؟ (What software do you use for video editing?)"

"آیا تا به حال مقاله‌ای در ویکی‌پدیا ویرایش کرده‌ای؟ (Have you ever edited an article on Wikipedia?)"

"سخت‌ترین بخش ویرایش کردن یک متن چیست؟ (What is the hardest part of editing a text?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Describe a time when you had to edit a very important document or message. How did you feel?

Write about your favorite photo or video editing app and why you like using it.

Do you think heavy editing changes the original message of an author? Why or why not?

Explain the step-by-step process you use to edit your own writing.

Write a short story about an editor who discovers a secret hidden in a manuscript.

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, 'virāyesh kardan' is not the right word for grading a test. When a teacher marks a student's exam or homework, the correct verb is 'تصحیح کردن' (tashih kardan). 'Virāyesh kardan' implies improving the style, structure, or flow of a text, like an essay or a book. Grading is about finding right and wrong answers. Therefore, keep these two concepts separate in your vocabulary.

The direct translation for video editing is 'ویرایش ویدیو' (virāyesh-e vidio). This is commonly understood and used, especially for short clips or social media. However, in the professional film and television industry, the term 'تدوین' (tadvin) is more frequently used. A professional film editor is called a 'تدوینگر' (tadvingar). For everyday use, 'virāyesh' is perfectly fine.

The word 'ویرایش' (virāyesh) by itself is a noun. It means 'editing' or 'edition' (like the second edition of a book). To make it a verb, you must add the light verb 'کردن' (kardan), creating the compound verb 'ویرایش کردن' (virāyesh kardan), which means 'to edit'. You will often see just the noun on computer buttons.

To make this verb passive, you change the light verb 'کردن' (kardan - to do) to 'شدن' (shodan - to become). So, the passive form is 'ویرایش شدن' (virāyesh shodan), meaning 'to be edited'. For example, 'کتاب ویرایش شد' means 'The book was edited'. This is very common in news and formal writing.

The word 'virāyesh' is a modern Persian word derived from older Persian roots. It comes from the root of the verb 'پیراستن' (pirāstan), which historically meant to prune, adorn, or clean up. The Academy of Persian Language and Literature adapted this root to create a specific word for the modern concept of editing texts and media.

Yes, absolutely. 'ویرایش کردن' is the standard term used for editing photos. If you use Photoshop or a smartphone app to change the colors, crop, or apply filters to a picture, you are doing 'virāyesh'. The 'Edit' button in these apps will always be translated as 'ویرایش'.

The standard word for a text editor (the person) is 'ویراستار' (virāstār). This is a respected profession in the publishing industry. If you are talking about a software program used for editing, you might use 'ویرایشگر' (virāyeshgar). However, 'virāstār' is exclusively used for humans who edit text.

Yes, if the object you are editing is specific and definite, you must use the direct object marker 'را' (rā). For example, 'I edited the book' is 'کتاب را ویرایش کردم'. If the object is indefinite (a book), you drop the 'rā': 'کتابی ویرایش کردم'. Remember that 'rā' comes before the entire compound verb.

While both involve making things better, 'اصلاح کردن' (eslāh kardan) specifically means to correct mistakes, fix errors, or amend something that is wrong. 'ویرایش کردن' (virāyesh kardan) is a broader term that includes correcting mistakes but also involves improving the style, flow, and structure of a text or media file. Editing (virāyesh) often contains correcting (eslāh).

To politely and formally ask someone to edit something, you use the plural imperative form of the verb. You say 'لطفاً ویرایش کنید' (lotfan virāyesh konid), which means 'Please edit'. If you are speaking informally to a friend, you would use the singular imperative: 'ویرایش کن' (virāyesh kon).

اختبر نفسك 180 أسئلة

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