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C1 verb 12 دقيقة للقراءة

discriminar

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح discriminar في 30 ثانية

الشرح discriminar in your Level:

400+w

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

400+w

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

400+w

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

400+w

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

400+w

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

discriminar في 30 ثانية

Verb: discriminar - to discriminate unfairly.
Meaning: Unjust or prejudicial distinction in treatment.
Usage: Social justice, human rights, legal contexts.
Key: Focus on unfairness, not neutral differentiation.

The Portuguese verb discriminar, at CEFR C1 level, carries a significant and often negative connotation. It means to make an unjust or prejudicial distinction in the treatment of different categories of people, based on characteristics such as race, gender, religion, sexual orientation, disability, or age. This act of discrimination is about treating individuals or groups unfairly and unequally, denying them opportunities or rights that others enjoy. It's a serious social issue, and the verb is used to describe actions that perpetuate inequality and prejudice.

Core Meaning: To treat someone or a group of people unfairly based on prejudice or bias.
Contexts of Use: Discussions about human rights, social justice, legal cases involving prejudice, workplace policies, and historical accounts of oppression.

É fundamental que as leis protejam os cidadãos para que ninguém seja discriminado por sua origem.

Translation: It is fundamental that laws protect citizens so that no one is discriminated against because of their origin.

When you encounter 'discriminar', pay close attention to the surrounding context to understand whether it refers to unfair treatment or a more neutral act of differentiation. In discussions about fairness, rights, and social issues, the former is almost always implied. For instance, a company might have policies to ensure it does not discriminar against job applicants based on their age. Similarly, historical texts often detail how certain groups were discriminado based on their ethnicity or religion. The verb is a powerful tool for articulating the injustices faced by marginalized communities and the importance of creating inclusive societies. It's a word that demands awareness and a commitment to equality. Understanding its nuances is crucial for comprehending complex social and political dialogues in Portuguese.

In a legal context, the concept of discriminar is central to anti-discrimination laws. These laws aim to prevent individuals from being discriminado in areas such as employment, housing, and education. For example, a landlord cannot legally discriminar a potential tenant because of their family status. The verb is used to describe the prohibited actions that violate these legal protections. Beyond the legal sphere, 'discriminar' is frequently used in academic research and public discourse on sociology, psychology, and political science. Researchers might study the psychological effects of being discriminado or analyze the societal structures that enable discrimination. Public campaigns often use the verb to raise awareness and advocate for change, urging people not to discriminar and to actively combat prejudice. The persistence of discrimination across various societies highlights the enduring relevance of this verb. It's a constant reminder of the ongoing struggle for equal treatment and respect for all individuals, regardless of their background or identity. Therefore, mastering 'discriminar' means understanding its weight in conversations about justice, fairness, and human dignity.

Synonymous Concepts: Prejudice, bias, unfair treatment, segregation, marginalization, inequality.

A sociedade deve trabalhar para não discriminar ninguém.

Translation: Society must work to not discriminate against anyone.

The verb discriminar is conjugated like other regular -ar verbs in Portuguese. Its primary meaning, as a C1 level vocabulary item, revolves around unfair treatment based on prejudice. This can manifest in various social, professional, and personal contexts. It is often used in the passive voice or with reflexive pronouns to emphasize the act of being discriminated against.

Active Voice (Subject performs the action): When an individual or group actively discriminates against another.
Passive Voice (Subject receives the action): When an individual or group is the recipient of discrimination.

A lei proíbe explicitamente que empresas discriminar funcionários por motivos de idade.

Translation: The law explicitly prohibits companies from discriminating against employees for reasons of age.

In sentences, 'discriminar' can be followed by a direct object (the person or group being discriminated against) or used with prepositions like 'por' (by) to specify the reason for discrimination. It's frequently used in conjunction with concepts of rights, equality, and social justice. For example, 'Ninguém deve ser discriminado por sua religião' (No one should be discriminated against because of their religion). The verb can also be used transitively when discussing the act of distinguishing between things, though this usage is less common and can be ambiguous without clear context. However, in C1 level discourse, the focus is overwhelmingly on the negative social implication of unfair treatment.

Consider the following sentence structures:

Verb + Direct Object: 'O sistema discriminou os candidatos menos qualificados.' (The system discriminated against the less qualified candidates.)
Ser + Past Participle + Discriminado + Por + Reason: 'Os imigrantes frequentemente são discriminados por sua nacionalidade.' (Immigrants are often discriminated against because of their nationality.)
Discriminar + entre + Noun (less common, for differentiation): 'É difícil discriminar entre os dois candidatos em termos de habilidade pura.' (It is difficult to discriminate between the two candidates in terms of pure skill.) - *Note: 'Distinguir' is more common here.*

É nosso dever combater qualquer forma que possa discriminar minorias.

Translation: It is our duty to combat any form that may discriminate against minorities.

The verb discriminar is a cornerstone of discussions surrounding social justice, human rights, and legal frameworks in Portuguese-speaking countries. You will frequently encounter it in news reports, documentaries, and public service announcements addressing issues of inequality. Academic lectures and debates in sociology, law, and political science heavily rely on this term to articulate the nuances of prejudice and its impact. When political leaders give speeches about inclusivity, equality, or the fight against prejudice, 'discriminar' is almost always present. Similarly, in educational settings, particularly at higher levels, teachers will use it to explain historical injustices or contemporary social challenges. Activist groups and NGOs working to protect vulnerable populations will use 'discriminar' to highlight the unfair treatment their constituents face and to advocate for policy changes. Legal professionals, during trials or discussions about anti-discrimination legislation, will use it to define prohibited actions. Even in everyday conversations among educated speakers, when discussing societal problems or ethical dilemmas, the word 'discriminar' naturally arises. For instance, someone might express concern about how certain communities are discriminado in accessing healthcare or education. The media plays a significant role in disseminating this vocabulary, ensuring that the public is aware of the various forms discrimination can take. You might hear it in discussions about employment practices, where companies are urged not to discriminar based on appearance or background. The fight against racism, sexism, homophobia, and xenophobia all involve extensive use of this verb. International organizations working in Portuguese-speaking regions also frequently employ 'discriminar' in their reports and campaigns, emphasizing the universal importance of combating prejudice. Even in fictional works like novels or films, characters might be depicted as facing or perpetrating acts of discrimination, with the verb used to describe these situations. The pervasive nature of the concept means that the verb 'discriminar' is a fundamental part of the Portuguese lexicon for anyone engaging with social and ethical issues. It's a word that resonates deeply within the fabric of societal discourse, underscoring the ongoing efforts to build a more equitable world. The term itself carries significant weight, reflecting the gravity of the actions it describes and the imperative to actively prevent and address them.

Common Scenarios: News media reporting on human rights violations, political speeches on equality, academic discussions on social stratification, legal proceedings involving prejudice, awareness campaigns by NGOs.

Os noticiários frequentemente relatam como grupos minoritários são discriminados no mercado de trabalho.

Translation: News reports frequently relate how minority groups are discriminated against in the job market.

When you are watching Portuguese-language television or listening to radio programs, pay attention to segments discussing social issues, politics, or legal matters. The verb 'discriminar' will undoubtedly surface as a key term. For example, a debate about affirmative action policies might involve arguments about whether such policies are necessary to counteract historical discrimination or if they themselves could be seen to discriminar in some way. This highlights the complexity and importance of the word. In educational materials designed for citizenship or social studies, the concept of not discriminar is a fundamental teaching point. You might also hear it in discussions about historical events, such as the apartheid era in South Africa or periods of racial segregation in the United States, where the verb is essential for describing the systematic oppression faced by certain groups. The commitment to human dignity and equal rights means that 'discriminar' is not just a word but a concept that drives social change and legal reform. Therefore, understanding its usage is vital for grasping the ethical and social landscape of the Portuguese-speaking world. It’s a word that calls for action and awareness, urging us to critically examine our own biases and the systems we live within.

At the C1 level, learners of Portuguese should be aware of potential pitfalls when using the verb discriminar. The most significant mistake is to confuse its primary meaning of unjust prejudice with the more neutral sense of simply distinguishing or differentiating between things. While 'discriminar' *can* technically mean to differentiate, this usage is far less common and can lead to misunderstanding, especially in formal or sensitive contexts. It's generally advisable to use verbs like 'distinguir' or 'diferenciar' when you mean to differentiate.

Misuse 1: Neutral Differentiation: Using 'discriminar' when 'distinguir' or 'diferenciar' would be clearer and avoid negative connotations.
Misuse 2: Incorrect Verb Form: Failing to conjugate the verb correctly according to tense, mood, or subject, or misapplying the past participle (e.g., gender/number agreement).

Incorrecto: Eu discriminei os sabores do bolo. (Meaning: I differentiated the cake flavors.)
Correcto: Eu distingui os sabores do bolo.

Incorrect vs. Correct Usage for Differentiation

Another common mistake is an overgeneralization of the concept. Learners might use 'discriminar' to describe any form of comparison or selection, which dilutes its powerful meaning. For instance, saying 'O professor discriminou os melhores alunos' (The teacher discriminated against the best students) could imply unfairness, but if the intention was simply to select the top performers, 'selecionou' or 'escolheu' would be more appropriate. The key is to reserve 'discriminar' for situations involving bias and prejudice.

Furthermore, learners sometimes forget that 'discriminar' is a transitive verb, meaning it usually takes a direct object. While it can be used reflexively ('discriminar-se') or in passive constructions ('ser discriminado'), omitting the object when it's implied can lead to awkward phrasing. For example, instead of 'Eles discriminam', it's often better to say 'Eles discriminam as pessoas' or 'Eles discriminam contra pessoas'. The preposition 'contra' can sometimes be used, especially when the discrimination is perceived as an attack or opposition.

Finally, be mindful of the nuances in passive constructions. While 'ser discriminado' is common, the reflexive pronoun 'se' can also be used to form a passive-like meaning, especially in impersonal contexts, though this is less frequent with 'discriminar' compared to other verbs. For instance, 'Não se deve discriminar ninguém' (One should not discriminate against anyone) uses the impersonal 'se'. However, the most common and direct way to express being the target of discrimination is 'ser discriminado'. Paying attention to these grammatical and semantic distinctions will significantly improve your accuracy when using this important C1 verb.

While discriminar is the primary verb for unjust and prejudicial treatment, several other words and phrases can convey similar or related meanings, each with its own nuance and context. Understanding these alternatives is crucial for precise communication at the C1 level.

Distinguir / Diferenciar: These verbs mean 'to distinguish' or 'to differentiate'. They are used when making a neutral distinction between two or more things based on observable characteristics, without any implication of unfairness or prejudice. They are the correct alternatives when 'discriminar' is used in its less common, neutral sense.
Prejudicar: This verb means 'to harm' or 'to prejudice'. While discrimination often leads to harm, 'prejudicar' focuses more on the negative consequence rather than the act of making an unfair distinction. You can prejudicar someone by discriminating against them.

O objetivo é prejudicar o avanço de pessoas com base em características superficiais.

Translation: The objective is to harm the advancement of people based on superficial characteristics.

Other related terms include:

Segregar: Means 'to segregate'. This is a specific form of discrimination where groups are separated, often enforced by law or social custom.
Marginalizar: Means 'to marginalize'. This involves pushing a group or individual to the edges of society, making them feel unimportant or excluded. Discrimination is a common cause of marginalization.
Excluir: Means 'to exclude'. This is a direct action of not allowing someone to participate or be part of something. Discrimination often involves exclusion.

É inaceitável excluir pessoas com base em sua orientação sexual.

Translation: It is unacceptable to exclude people based on their sexual orientation.

In formal contexts where you need to simply differentiate, using 'distinguir' or 'diferenciar' is always safer and clearer than using 'discriminar', which carries strong negative connotations. For instance, a scientist might 'distinguir' between two types of cells, but they would never 'discriminar' them unless they were implying some unfair treatment in their experimental setup. The choice of word significantly impacts the meaning and perception of the statement. Therefore, when discussing fairness, rights, and social justice, 'discriminar' is the precise term. For other types of distinctions, opt for its more neutral synonyms.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

Interestingly, the original Latin meaning of 'discriminar' was more neutral, focusing on the act of making distinctions or separating things. Over time, especially in Portuguese and other Romance languages, the word evolved to carry the strong negative connotation of making unjust or prejudicial distinctions, highlighting how language can shift to reflect societal values and concerns.

دليل النطق

UK /ˌdɪskrɪˈmɪnər/

US /ˌdɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/

Second syllable: dis-CRI-mi-nar

يتقافى مع

eliminar terminar iluminar dominar examinar imaginar determinar despertar

أخطاء شائعة

Misplacing stress (e.g., on the first syllable).
Pronouncing the 'i' sounds incorrectly.
Not clearly articulating the final 'ar' sound.
Using an English pronunciation pattern for the Portuguese word.
Confusing it with similar-sounding words.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 4/5

At C1 level, understanding 'discriminar' in reading is generally straightforward, especially when the context clearly indicates unfair treatment. However, learners must be attentive to distinguish this from the less common neutral meaning of differentiation, which might appear in specialized texts or technical writing.

الكتابة 4/5

Using 'discriminar' correctly in writing requires a good grasp of its negative connotation and appropriate contexts. Learners need to ensure they are not misusing it for neutral distinctions and are conjugating it accurately, especially in passive or subjunctive constructions.

التحدث 4/5

Speaking with 'discriminar' accurately involves choosing the right moment to use such a strong word. It's essential to use it when discussing social issues, justice, or prejudice, and to avoid it in casual conversation unless the intent is to condemn unfairness.

الاستماع 4/5

Recognizing 'discriminar' in spoken Portuguese is usually easy due to its strong negative impact in context. The main challenge might be differentiating its intended meaning from potential neutral uses, which are less common but possible.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

justiça igualdade preconceito diferença tratamento

تعلّم لاحقاً

prejudicar segregar marginalizar injustiça equidade

متقدم

estatuto privilégio subordinação empoderamento assédio

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Subjunctive Mood after expressions of opinion/necessity (e.g., É importante que...)

É fundamental que não se discrimine ninguém por sua etnia.

Passive Voice (ser + past participle)

Muitas pessoas se sentem discriminadas no dia a dia.

Impersonal 'se' construction

Não se deve discriminar por motivos fúteis.

Gerunds and participial phrases

A empresa, que foi acusada de discriminar, emitiu um comunicado.

Prepositions with 'discriminar' (e.g., por, contra)

Eles foram discriminados por causa de sua origem.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

Eu gosto de maçãs e peras.

I like apples and pears.

Simple sentence structure with 'gosto de'.

Este é um carro vermelho.

This is a red car.

Basic adjective-noun agreement.

Ela fala um pouco de português.

She speaks a little Portuguese.

Using 'um pouco de' for quantity.

Onde fica o banheiro?

Where is the bathroom?

Common question for location.

Eu quero um café, por favor.

I want a coffee, please.

Simple request using 'quero'.

Ele é alto.

He is tall.

Using 'ser' for permanent characteristic.

Nós vamos ao parque.

We are going to the park.

Using 'ir a' for movement.

Isso é bom.

That is good.

Simple statement of approval.

Ontem eu fui ao cinema com meus amigos.

Yesterday I went to the cinema with my friends.

Past tense (pretérito perfeito) of 'ir'.

Você gosta de ler livros de aventura?

Do you like to read adventure books?

Using 'gostar de' with infinitive.

A cidade é muito bonita, mas um pouco cara.

The city is very beautiful, but a bit expensive.

Using 'mas' for contrast and 'um pouco' for degree.

Eu preciso estudar para a prova de amanhã.

I need to study for tomorrow's test.

Using 'precisar de' followed by infinitive.

Onde podemos comprar pão fresco?

Where can we buy fresh bread?

Modal verb 'poder' in questions.

Eles moram em um apartamento pequeno no centro.

They live in a small apartment downtown.

Prepositions of location ('em', 'no').

O que você vai fazer nas férias?

What are you going to do on vacation?

Future tense using 'ir' + infinitive.

Eu não entendi a explicação, pode repetir?

I didn't understand the explanation, can you repeat?

Negative past tense and polite request.

Embora o tempo estivesse chuvoso, decidimos fazer uma caminhada na montanha.

Although the weather was rainy, we decided to go for a hike in the mountains.

Use of 'embora' (although) and pretérito perfeito.

Se você estudar bastante, terá boas chances de passar no exame.

If you study a lot, you will have good chances of passing the exam.

Conditional sentence (Se + presente, futuro simples).

A exposição de arte moderna atraiu muitos visitantes interessados em novas tendências.

The modern art exhibition attracted many visitors interested in new trends.

Past tense and participle used as adjective.

É importante que os governos invistam em educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável.

It is important that governments invest in education for sustainable development.

Subjunctive mood after 'é importante que'.

Ele estava tão cansado que adormeceu antes de terminar o jantar.

He was so tired that he fell asleep before finishing dinner.

Structure 'tão... que' (so... that) and gerund.

Nunca tinha visto um pôr do sol tão espetacular quanto aquele.

I had never seen such a spectacular sunset as that one.

Mais-que-perfeito composto (pluperfect).

Precisamos encontrar uma solução que seja eficaz e acessível para todos.

We need to find a solution that is effective and accessible to everyone.

Subjunctive after relative pronoun 'que'.

A notícia sobre o acidente chocou a todos na comunidade.

The news about the accident shocked everyone in the community.

Simple past tense and noun phrases.

Apesar das dificuldades iniciais, o projeto acabou por ser um sucesso retumbante.

Despite the initial difficulties, the project ended up being a resounding success.

Use of 'apesar de' (despite) and idiomatic phrase 'acabar por ser'.

O governo anunciou medidas que visam combater a inflação galopante.

The government announced measures aimed at combating galloping inflation.

Gerund used to express purpose ('visam combater').

É fundamental que os cidadãos estejam informados sobre as suas obrigações e direitos.

It is fundamental that citizens be informed about their obligations and rights.

Subjunctive after impersonal expression 'é fundamental que'.

A tecnologia tem vindo a transformar radicalmente a forma como interagimos uns com os outros.

Technology has been radically transforming the way we interact with each other.

Present perfect continuous (tem vindo a transformar).

Ele argumentou que a decisão tomada era arbitrária e carecia de fundamento legal.

He argued that the decision made was arbitrary and lacked legal basis.

Past tense and noun phrases with abstract concepts.

Para que a sociedade avance, é crucial que se promovam a igualdade e a inclusão social.

For society to advance, it is crucial that equality and social inclusion be promoted.

Impersonal 'se' with subjunctive.

Apesar de ter estudado muito, ele não se sentiu preparado para o desafio.

Despite having studied a lot, he did not feel prepared for the challenge.

Gerund phrase 'ter estudado' after 'apesar de'.

As consequências de uma má gestão podem ser devastadoras a longo prazo.

The consequences of poor management can be devastating in the long term.

Abstract nouns and adverbs of time.

É imperativo que se implementem políticas mais rigorosas para coibir a exploração de mão de obra barata.

It is imperative that stricter policies be implemented to curb the exploitation of cheap labor.

Impersonal 'se' with subjunctive, advanced vocabulary ('imperativo', 'coibir').

A proliferação de notícias falsas nas redes sociais representa um sério desafio à democracia.

The proliferation of fake news on social media represents a serious challenge to democracy.

Advanced vocabulary ('proliferação', 'representa') and abstract concepts.

Embora a inteligência artificial tenha o potencial de otimizar muitos processos, levanta também preocupações éticas consideráveis.

Although artificial intelligence has the potential to optimize many processes, it also raises considerable ethical concerns.

Complex sentence structure with 'embora' and abstract nouns ('potencial', 'preocupações').

O governo tem sido criticado por sua inação diante da crise ambiental que se agrava.

The government has been criticized for its inaction in the face of the worsening environmental crisis.

Present perfect passive and participial phrase ('que se agrava').

É crucial que se promova um diálogo construtivo entre as diferentes facções políticas para se chegar a um consenso.

It is crucial that constructive dialogue be promoted among the different political factions to reach a consensus.

Impersonal 'se' with subjunctive and abstract nouns ('diálogo construtivo', 'consenso').

A globalização, se por um lado facilita o intercâmbio cultural, por outro pode levar à homogeneização de identidades.

Globalization, while on the one hand facilitating cultural exchange, on the other hand can lead to the homogenization of identities.

Complex sentence with contrasting clauses ('se por um lado... por outro').

Os investigadores estão a explorar novas abordagens terapêuticas que possam erradicar doenças antes consideradas incuráveis.

Researchers are exploring new therapeutic approaches that can eradicate diseases previously considered incurable.

Present continuous with 'a' (European Portuguese) and advanced vocabulary ('erradicar', 'incuráveis').

A necessidade de adaptação às novas realidades socioeconómicas exige uma reavaliação constante das estratégias adotadas.

The need for adaptation to new socioeconomic realities requires constant re-evaluation of the adopted strategies.

Abstract nouns and advanced vocabulary ('adaptação', 'realidades socioeconómicas', 'reavaliação').

A intrincada teia de fatores que culminaram na queda do império é objeto de estudo e debate há séculos.

The intricate web of factors that culminated in the empire's fall has been the subject of study and debate for centuries.

Highly sophisticated vocabulary ('intrincada teia', 'culminaram', 'objeto de estudo') and passive perfect infinitive.

O discurso político contemporâneo, por vezes, carece da profundidade e da substância necessárias para abordar as complexidades do mundo atual.

Contemporary political discourse, at times, lacks the depth and substance necessary to address the complexities of the current world.

Advanced abstract nouns ('discurso político', 'profundidade', 'substância', 'complexidades') and passive gerund.

A desconstrução de preconceitos arraigados exige um esforço contínuo e multifacetado, que transcende meras declarações de intenção.

The deconstruction of ingrained prejudices requires a continuous and multifaceted effort, which transcends mere declarations of intent.

Advanced vocabulary ('desconstrução', 'arraigados', 'multifacetado', 'transcende') and sophisticated phrasing.

A resiliência demonstrada pela população face a adversidades extremas é um testemunho da sua força intrínseca.

The resilience demonstrated by the population in the face of extreme adversity is a testament to their intrinsic strength.

Sophisticated abstract nouns ('resiliência', 'adversidades', 'testemunho', 'força intrínseca').

Paradoxalmente, a busca incessante pela felicidade individual pode, em última instância, conduzir a um sentimento de vazio existencial.

Paradoxically, the incessant pursuit of individual happiness can, ultimately, lead to a feeling of existential emptiness.

Advanced vocabulary ('paradoxalmente', 'incessante', 'existencial') and nuanced philosophical concept.

A capacidade de articular pensamentos complexos de forma clara e concisa é um diferencial inestimável no âmbito profissional.

The ability to articulate complex thoughts clearly and concisely is an invaluable differentiator in the professional sphere.

Sophisticated abstract nouns ('capacidade', 'articular', 'diferencial inestimável', 'âmbito profissional').

A narrativa histórica, longe de ser um relato factual imutável, é uma construção que reflete as perspetivas e os interesses de quem a relata.

Historical narrative, far from being an immutable factual account, is a construction that reflects the perspectives and interests of those who relate it.

Advanced vocabulary ('narrativa histórica', 'imutável', 'construção', 'perspetivas') and complex sentence structure.

A efemeridade da vida humana convida à reflexão sobre o legado que deixamos e o impacto que causamos no mundo.

The ephemerality of human life invites reflection on the legacy we leave and the impact we make on the world.

Highly sophisticated vocabulary ('efemeridade', 'convida à reflexão', 'legado') and philosophical theme.

تلازمات شائعة

discriminar racialmente

discriminar por gênero

discriminar por idade

discriminar contra grupos minoritários

ser discriminado

não discriminar

combater a discriminação

lei antidiscriminação

discriminar entre opções

discriminar positivamente

العبارات الشائعة

Não discriminar ninguém

— To not discriminate against anyone. This is a fundamental ethical principle and a common societal goal.

O nosso lema é: não discriminar ninguém, tratar todos com igualdade.

Ser discriminado por...

— To be discriminated against because of... This phrase is used to specify the reason for unfair treatment.

Ele contou que foi ser discriminado por sua religião no antigo emprego.

Combater a discriminação

— To fight against discrimination. This highlights an active stance against prejudice and unfairness.

Organizações civis trabalham incansavelmente para combater a discriminação em todas as suas formas.

Discriminação racial/de gênero/etária

— Racial/gender/age discrimination. These specify the type of discrimination being discussed.

A discriminação racial ainda é um problema grave em muitas partes do mundo.

Legislação antidiscriminação

— Anti-discrimination legislation. This refers to laws designed to prevent and punish discriminatory acts.

A legislação antidiscriminação garante que todos tenham os mesmos direitos no mercado de trabalho.

Discriminar entre A e B

— To distinguish between A and B. This is the less common, neutral usage, often better replaced by 'distinguir' or 'diferenciar'.

É difícil discriminar entre os dois candidatos em termos de experiência.

Não discriminar no acesso a...

— Not to discriminate in access to... This refers to ensuring equal access to resources or opportunities.

O hospital promete não discriminar no acesso a tratamentos médicos.

As consequências de discriminar

— The consequences of discriminating. This emphasizes the negative outcomes of prejudice.

As consequências de discriminar podem ser devastadoras, tanto para os indivíduos quanto para a sociedade.

O dever de não discriminar

— The duty not to discriminate. This frames non-discrimination as a moral or legal obligation.

É nosso dever de não discriminar e promover a inclusão.

Discriminar positivamente

— To discriminate positively. This refers to affirmative action policies aimed at correcting historical disadvantages for certain groups, a concept that can be controversial.

Alguns defendem a ideia de discriminar positivamente para corrigir desigualdades históricas.

يُخلط عادةً مع

discriminar vs distinguir

While 'discriminar' can technically mean to distinguish, its primary and most common meaning is to treat unfairly. 'Distinguir' is the neutral verb for making a clear difference or separation between things or ideas, without any negative implication.

discriminar vs diferenciar

Similar to 'distinguir', 'diferenciar' means to show or recognize a difference. It is used for neutral distinctions. Using 'discriminar' for differentiation can lead to misunderstandings due to its strong negative connotation of prejudice.

discriminar vs prejudicar

'Prejudicar' means to harm or damage. Discrimination often leads to harm, but 'prejudicar' focuses on the negative outcome rather than the act of making an unfair distinction. You can prejudicar someone by discriminating against them.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"Não fazer distinção de..."

— To make no distinction of... This is a common idiomatic way to express treating everyone equally, essentially the opposite of discriminating.

O juiz deve fazer distinção de pessoas, julgar todos com imparcialidade.

General

"Tratar alguém como cidadão de segunda classe"

— To treat someone as a second-class citizen. This is a direct consequence of discrimination, implying inferior status and rights.

Quando se discrimina um grupo, é como tratá-los como cidadãos de segunda classe.

Informal/Critical

"Ter preconceito contra..."

— To have prejudice against... This is the underlying attitude that often leads to discrimination.

Ter preconceito contra alguém é o primeiro passo para discriminá-la.

General

"Abrir a porta para a discriminação"

— To open the door to discrimination. This implies that certain actions or policies create an environment where discrimination can flourish.

Ignorar pequenas injustiças pode abrir a porta para a discriminação em larga escala.

Figurative

"Criar um clima de..."

— To create a climate of... This can be used to describe the atmosphere resulting from discriminatory practices.

A retórica de ódio pode criar um clima de discriminação e medo.

Formal/Sociological

"Ser alvo de discriminação"

— To be the target of discrimination. This is a common passive construction to describe experiencing unfair treatment.

Infelizmente, muitas pessoas ainda são alvo de discriminação no seu dia a dia.

General

"Discriminação velada"

— Veiled discrimination. This refers to subtle or hidden forms of unfair treatment that are not overtly obvious.

A discriminação velada é mais difícil de provar, mas igualmente prejudicial.

Formal/Analytical

"Discriminação explícita"

— Explicit discrimination. This refers to overt, obvious acts of unfair treatment.

A discriminação explícita é condenada pela lei e pela sociedade.

Formal/Legal

"Quebrar barreiras"

— To break down barriers. This is an action taken to combat discrimination and promote inclusion.

Atletas muitas vezes quebram barreiras e nos inspiram a não discriminar.

Figurative/Inspirational

"Promover a igualdade"

— To promote equality. This is the direct objective of anti-discrimination efforts.

A educação é uma ferramenta poderosa para promover a igualdade e combater a discriminação.

General/Advocacy

سهل الخلط

discriminar vs distinguir

Both 'discriminar' and 'distinguir' can relate to making differences or distinctions.

'Discriminar' specifically implies an unjust or prejudicial distinction, often leading to unfair treatment. 'Distinguir', on the other hand, is a neutral verb meaning to perceive or point out a difference, to separate, or to recognize something as distinct, without any negative judgment.

O professor sabe distinguir os alunos com dificuldades. (Neutral distinction) / É inaceitável discriminar alunos por sua origem. (Unfair treatment)

discriminar vs diferenciar

Like 'distinguir', 'diferenciar' means to make differences clear.

'Diferenciar' is used to highlight the characteristics that make things unlike each other, a neutral process. 'Discriminar' involves making a distinction that results in unfairness or prejudice. The context is key: if it's about simply noting differences, use 'diferenciar'; if it's about unfair treatment, use 'discriminar'.

Podemos diferenciar os dois tipos de flores pela cor. (Neutral difference) / Não se deve discriminar pessoas com base em sua aparência. (Unfair treatment)

discriminar vs prejudicar

Discrimination often results in harm or damage, which is what 'prejudicar' means.

'Discriminar' refers to the act of making the unfair distinction itself. 'Prejudicar' refers to the negative consequence or harm that results from such an act. You might discriminate against someone, thereby prejudicing their opportunities.

A empresa foi acusada de discriminar os candidatos mais velhos, o que pode prejudicar suas carreiras. (Discriminate leads to prejudice)

discriminar vs segregar

Segregation is a form of discrimination.

'Segregar' means to separate groups of people, often by law or custom, which is a specific method or outcome of discrimination. 'Discriminar' is the broader term for the act of making unfair distinctions, which can lead to segregation but also other forms of unfair treatment.

A política de segregação visava discriminar a população negra. (Segregation as a tool of discrimination)

discriminar vs excluir

Discrimination often involves exclusion.

'Excluir' means to keep someone out or prevent them from participating. It's an action that can be a result of discrimination. 'Discriminar' is the underlying act of unfair distinction that might lead to someone being excluded.

O sistema pode discriminar de tal forma que leva a excluir pessoas de serviços essenciais. (Discrimination leading to exclusion)

أنماط الجُمل

Subject + verbo (discriminar) + objecto direto.

O sistema discriminou os candidatos.

Ser + discriminado + por + razão.

Ela foi discriminada por ser mulher.

É importante que + Subject + verbo (discriminar) no subjuntivo.

É importante que a empresa não discrimine seus funcionários.

Verbo (discriminar) + advérbio.

Não se deve discriminar racialmente.

Construção impessoal com 'se': Não se deve discriminar...

Não se deve discriminar ninguém por sua origem.

Uso com substantivos abstratos: A prática de discriminar...

A prática de discriminar é inaceitável.

Gerúndio com verbo auxiliar: Está a discriminar...

Ele está a discriminar os alunos mais velhos.

Uso em contextos específicos: Discriminar entre...

O cérebro consegue discriminar entre diferentes sons.

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

discriminação

discriminador

discriminatória

الأفعال

discriminar

الصفات

discriminatório

discriminada

مرتبط

preconceito

preconceituoso

segregação

segregar

igualdade

desigualdade

inclusão

exclusão

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

High in contexts related to social justice, law, and human rights.

أخطاء شائعة

Using 'discriminar' for neutral differentiation. → Using 'distinguir' or 'diferenciar'.
Learners often mistakenly use 'discriminar' when they mean to simply distinguish or differentiate between things. For example, saying 'Eu discriminei os dois sabores' is incorrect if the intent was neutral. The correct phrase would be 'Eu distingui os dois sabores'. 'Discriminar' must imply unfairness or prejudice.
Incorrect conjugation in passive voice. → Ensuring the past participle agrees with the subject.
In passive constructions like 'ser discriminado', the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject. For instance, 'Ela foi discriminada' (she was discriminated against) is correct, while 'Ela foi discriminado' is incorrect. Similarly, 'Eles foram discriminados' (they were discriminated against).
Omitting the object or reason for discrimination. → Specifying who or what is being discriminated against and why.
While 'discriminar' can sometimes be used impersonally, it's often clearer to specify the target and the basis of discrimination. For example, instead of just 'Eles discriminam', it's better to say 'Eles discriminam os imigrantes' or 'Eles discriminam por causa da religião'.
Confusing 'discriminar' with 'prejudicar'. → Understanding that 'discriminar' is the act of unfair distinction, and 'prejudicar' is the resulting harm.
'Discriminar' is the action of treating unfairly. 'Prejudicar' means to cause harm or damage. While discrimination often leads to harm, they are not interchangeable. One might 'discriminar' someone, thereby 'prejudicar' their career.
Using the neutral meaning in sensitive contexts. → Using 'discriminar' only when referring to unfair or prejudicial treatment.
Even if 'discriminar' can technically mean to differentiate, using it in contexts where prejudice is implied (like social issues) is the primary and expected meaning. Misusing it for neutral distinctions can trivialize serious issues or cause offense.

نصائح

Conjugation and Agreement

Remember that 'discriminar' is a regular -ar verb. Pay close attention to its conjugation in different tenses. When used in passive constructions (e.g., 'ser discriminado'), the past participle 'discriminado' must agree in gender and number with the subject (discriminado, discriminada, discriminados, discriminadas).

Avoid Neutral Differentiation

While 'discriminar' can technically mean to differentiate, it carries a strong negative connotation of prejudice. For neutral distinctions, always prefer 'distinguir' or 'diferenciar' to avoid misunderstandings and maintain the precise meaning of 'discriminar' when referring to unfair treatment.

Social Justice Focus

The word 'discriminar' is most powerfully used when discussing issues of social justice, human rights, and inequality. Understanding its role in these contexts is key to mastering its C1-level usage.

Connect to 'Crime'

Think of the 'crim' in 'discriminar' as a 'crime' against fairness. This mnemonic helps reinforce that the word is about committing an unjust act, not just making a neutral distinction.

Word Family

Learn related words like 'discriminação' (noun), 'discriminatório' (adjective), and 'discriminador' (one who discriminates). Understanding the word family strengthens your overall grasp of the concept.

Stress and Sounds

In Portuguese, the stress is on the second syllable: dis-CRI-mi-nar. Pay attention to the clear pronunciation of the vowel sounds, especially the 'i' in 'mi', and the final 'ar' sound.

Nuance with Alternatives

While 'discriminar' is specific, related words like 'prejudicar' (to harm), 'segregar' (to segregate), and 'excluir' (to exclude) offer different nuances. Understand when to use each to express your meaning precisely.

Sentence Building

Actively create sentences using 'discriminar' in various contexts (e.g., racial, gender, age discrimination). This hands-on practice is crucial for solidifying its usage.

Societal Impact

Recognize that 'discriminar' is a word with significant societal weight. Its usage reflects awareness of historical and ongoing struggles for equality and human rights in Portuguese-speaking cultures.

Focus on Inclusion

Learning the antonyms like 'incluir' (to include), 'igualar' (to equalize), and 'aceitar' (to accept) helps to solidify the concept of discrimination by understanding its direct opposite: fairness and equity.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine a 'dis' (like 'dish') full of 'crim' (like 'crime') where people are treated unfairly. The 'i-nar' ending sounds like 'inner', suggesting the unfairness happens 'within' society. So, a 'dish of crime' that affects people 'inner'ly by treating them unfairly.

ربط بصري

Picture a scale of justice that is heavily tilted to one side, with one group of people being pushed down while another group is unfairly elevated. The word 'DISCRIMINAR' could be written across the unbalanced scale.

Word Web

Unfairness Prejudice Bias Inequality Social Justice Human Rights Segregation Marginalization

تحدٍّ

Try to use 'discriminar' in three different sentences today, each time focusing on a different basis for discrimination (e.g., race, gender, age). Make sure to use the correct verb conjugation and context.

أصل الكلمة

The Portuguese verb 'discriminar' originates from the Latin word 'discriminare', which itself comes from 'discrimen'. 'Discrimen' means 'distinction', 'difference', or 'separation'. Initially, in Latin, 'discriminare' meant to separate, distinguish, or discern.

المعنى الأصلي: To separate, to distinguish, to discern.

Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Portuguese

السياق الثقافي

This word carries a heavy negative connotation and should be used with care. When discussing issues of discrimination, it's important to be sensitive to the experiences of those who have been marginalized. The term is often used in legal and advocacy contexts to highlight serious injustices.

In English, 'discriminate' carries a similar strong negative connotation of unfair treatment. However, English also has a more common neutral usage of 'discriminate' (e.g., 'discriminate between options') which, like in Portuguese, can sometimes lead to ambiguity if not clarified by context.

The fight against apartheid in South Africa, which was a system of institutionalized racial discrimination. The Civil Rights Movement in the United States, which fought against racial discrimination. Ongoing discussions and legal battles concerning gender and LGBTQ+ rights, where discrimination is a central theme.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Human Rights Discussions

Direitos humanos
Não discriminar
Combater a discriminação
Ser alvo de discriminação

Workplace Policies

Igualdade de oportunidades
Não discriminar por idade/gênero
Recrutamento justo
Ambiente de trabalho inclusivo

Legal System

Lei antidiscriminação
Preconceito ilegal
Tratamento justo
Discriminação explícita/velada

Social Justice Advocacy

Justiça social
Grupos minoritários
Promover a inclusão
Desigualdade social

Education

Acesso à educação
Não discriminar alunos
Ambiente escolar seguro
Oportunidades iguais

بدايات محادثة

"What are some common forms of discrimination you are aware of?"

"How can society effectively combat discrimination?"

"What measures can be taken to ensure people are not discriminated against in the workplace?"

"Can you think of a time when you witnessed or experienced unfair treatment?"

"Why is it important to have laws against discrimination?"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

Reflect on a time you observed discrimination and how it made you feel.

Write about the importance of treating everyone with respect, regardless of their background.

Consider the role of education in preventing discrimination.

Imagine a world where discrimination no longer exists. What would it be like?

How can individuals actively contribute to creating a more inclusive society?

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

The main difference lies in connotation and intent. 'Discriminar' implies making an unjust or prejudicial distinction, leading to unfair treatment. 'Distinguir', on the other hand, is a neutral verb meaning to perceive or point out a difference, to separate, or to recognize something as distinct, without any negative judgment. For example, one might 'distinguir' between two types of fruit, but one would 'discriminar' against a person based on their origin.

While technically 'discriminar' can mean to differentiate, this usage is far less common and can easily be misunderstood due to the strong negative connotation of prejudice. In most contexts, especially at a C1 level, it is safer and clearer to use 'distinguir' or 'diferenciar' when you mean to make a neutral distinction.

Discrimination can occur based on numerous factors, including race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, nationality, social class, and political beliefs. These are often referred to as protected characteristics in anti-discrimination laws.

In legal contexts, 'discriminar' refers to unlawful acts of prejudice or unfair treatment based on protected characteristics. Laws and regulations are in place to prevent individuals or institutions from discriminating against others in areas like employment, housing, education, and access to services.

'Discriminar' refers to the act of making an unfair distinction or treating someone prejudicially. 'Prejudicar' means to harm or damage. Discrimination is often the cause of harm, so one might discriminate against someone, thereby prejudicing their opportunities or well-being.

Yes, common patterns include the passive voice ('ser discriminado'), impersonal constructions ('não se deve discriminar'), and the use of subjunctive mood after expressions of necessity or opinion ('É importante que não se discrimine'). Pay attention to verb conjugation and agreement, especially in passive forms.

'Discriminar' is a verb, so it does not have a plural form. However, its noun form, 'discriminação', does have a plural: 'discriminações'. Adjectives derived from it, like 'discriminado', will agree in number and gender with the noun they modify (e.g., 'discriminado', 'discriminada', 'discriminados', 'discriminadas').

Yes, the term 'discriminar positivamente' is sometimes used to refer to affirmative action policies aimed at correcting historical disadvantages for certain groups. For example: 'Algumas políticas buscam discriminar positivamente grupos historicamente oprimidos para promover a igualdade.' (Some policies seek to positively discriminate against historically oppressed groups to promote equality.) This usage is nuanced and can be debated.

The main opposites are verbs like 'incluir' (to include), 'igualar' (to equalize), 'aceitar' (to accept), and phrases like 'tratar com justiça' (to treat with justice). These all represent the absence of prejudice and unfair treatment.

The Latin root 'discriminare' originally meant 'to separate' or 'to distinguish'. Over time, the word evolved in Portuguese to specifically mean making *unjust* distinctions, reflecting a societal shift where the concept of making differences became heavily associated with prejudice and unfairness.

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات