First Conditional: When vs If (Wahrscheinlichkeit & Zeitpunkt)
möglich) von „when« (»sicher"), um zukünftige Ereignisse und deren Ergebnisse klar zu besprechen.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'If' for things that might happen and 'When' for things that definitely will happen in the future.
- Use 'If' for possibilities: 'If it rains, I'll stay home.' (Maybe it rains).
- Use 'When' for certainties: 'When I get home, I'll call you.' (I will definitely get home).
- Never use 'will' immediately after 'if' or 'when' in the condition clause.
Overview
First Conditional.if (Falls/Bedingung) und when (Sobald/Zeitpunkt) zu unterscheiden.First Conditional beschreibt eine Situation, die in der Zukunft möglich und realistisch ist. Er besteht immer aus zwei Teilen: der Bedingung (dem if- oder when-Satz) und dem Resultat (dem Hauptsatz).will).Condition Clause | Die Bedingung / Der Auslöser | Present Simple | Präsens (oder Futur I) |Main Clause | Das Ergebnis / Die Folge | Future (will + verb) | Präsens oder Futur I |Present), die Folge ist die Zukunft (will).if und when. Im Deutschen deckt unser Wort „wenn“ beide Szenarien ab. Im Englischen musst du dich entscheiden:- 1
if(Die Wahrscheinlichkeit): Du nutztif, wenn du nicht sicher bist, ob das Ereignis überhaupt eintritt. Es ist eine Option.
If it rains, we'll stay at home. (Vielleicht regnet es, vielleicht auch nicht – wir wissen es noch nicht.)- 1
when(Der Zeitpunkt): Du nutztwhen, wenn du dir sicher bist, dass das Ereignis eintreten wird. Es geht nur noch darum, *wann* es passiert.
When I get home, I'll call you. (Ich werde definitiv nach Hause kommen, es ist nur eine Frage der Zeit.)if ist ein Schalter, der vielleicht nie umgelegt wird. when ist ein Schalter, bei dem wir nur darauf warten, dass die Uhr die entsprechende Zeit schlägt.First Conditional folgt einem klaren mathematischen Muster. Wenn du dieses Muster einmal verinnerlicht hast, kannst du kaum noch Fehler machen.If / When + Subject + Present Simple, Subject + will + Base Form.If you finish the report, I will check it.When the meeting ends, we will go to lunch.
- 1Die Reihenfolge ist flexibel: Du kannst mit der Bedingung anfangen oder mit dem Resultat.
If I see him, I'll tell him.(Komma nach demif-Satz!)I'll tell him if I see him.(Kein Komma vor demif!)- *Merkhilfe:* Wenn der Satz mit
IfoderWhenbeginnt, trennt ein Komma die beiden Gedanken. Steht die Bedingung am Ende, fungiert dasif/whenselbst als Bindeglied, und du brauchst kein Komma.
- 1Verneinungen: Du kannst beide Teile verneinen. Achte darauf, dass du im
if-Teildon't / doesn'tnutzt (wegen desPresent Simple) und im Hauptsatzwon't(will not).
If she doesn't call soon, I won't wait for her.
- 1Modalverben statt
will: Manchmal istwillzu direkt oder zu sicher. Du kannst im Hauptsatz auch andere Modalverben nutzen, um die Nuance zu ändern:
can(Fähigkeit/Möglichkeit):If you have a car, you can drive there.might(Vage Möglichkeit):If we hurry, we might catch the train.should(Ratschlag):If you feel sick, you should see a doctor.must(Notwendigkeit):When you enter the building, you must show your ID.
Present Simple) | Resultat (will / Modalverb) | Kontext |If I have time... | ...I will help you. | Unsicher, ob ich Zeit habe. |When I arrive... | ...I'll call you. | Sicher, dass ich ankomme. |If it's cheap... | ...I might buy it. | Eventueller Kauf (vage). |When you finish... | ...can you help me? | Bitte um Hilfe nach Abschluss. |if und when ist kein bloßes Grammatik-Detail, sondern eine strategische Entscheidung in der Kommunikation. Hier sind typische Situationen aus dem Alltag und dem Berufsleben:if):if dein bester Freund, da es die Unsicherheit betont.If you give us a discount, we will order more units.(Der Rabatt ist die Bedingung – ohne Rabatt keine Bestellung.)If the quality is good, we will continue the partnership.
when):when. Es signalisiert Zuverlässigkeit.When the sun goes down, it will get colder.(Der Sonnenuntergang ist sicher.)When I receive the payment, I'll send the goods.(Ich gehe davon aus, dass die Zahlung kommt; ich sage dir nur, was danach passiert.)
if, um Konsequenzen aufzuzeigen.If you don't wear a coat, you'll catch a cold.If you keep working like this, you'll be exhausted by Friday.
if zu benutzen, wenn sie eigentlich when meinen, weil sie im Deutschen immer „wenn“ sagen.- Szenario: Du stehst an der Bushaltestelle. Der Bus kommt alle 10 Minuten.
- Falsch (klingt pessimistisch):
If the bus comes, I'll go to the city.(Als ob der Bus vielleicht nie kommt.) - Richtig:
When the bus comes, I'll go to the city.(Du weißt, er kommt.)
If you have a moment, I'll show you the new software.(Sehr höflich, da du die Möglichkeit offen lässt, dass die Person keine Zeit hat.)When you have a moment, please come to my office.(Etwas bestimmter; du erwartest, dass die Person irgendwann Zeit findet.)
if-Satz (The „Will-Condition“ Error)- Falsch:
If it will rain, we will stay. - Richtig:
If it rains, we will stay. - Warum passiert das? Wir wollen ausdrücken, dass die Bedingung in der Zukunft liegt. Aber im Englischen ist die Regel: No
willafterif! (Es gibt sehr seltene Ausnahmen für Höflichkeit, aber für B1 gilt: Streiche daswillnach demif).
when, wenn sie eigentlich eine Bedingung meinen. Das kann arrogant oder zu sicher klingen.- Beispiel: Du bewirbst dich um einen Job.
- Klingt etwas anmaßend:
When I get the job, I'll move to London.(Du bist dir zu 100% sicher, dass sie dich nehmen.) - Besser:
If I get the job, I'll move to London.(Es ist eine reale Möglichkeit, aber du respektierst den Auswahlprozess.)
if-Teil das Present Simple nutzen, müssen wir an die gute alte Regel denken: „He, she, it – das 's' muss mit!“- Falsch:
If he call me, I'll tell him. - Richtig:
If he calls me, I'll tell him.
First Conditional vom Zero Conditional abzugrenzen, da beide das Wort if oder when nutzen.Present Simple + Present Simple | If you heat ice, it melts. |Present Simple + will-Future | If you heat this soup, it will taste better. |- Nutze den Zero Conditional, wenn du über etwas sprichst, das immer passiert (eine allgemeine Wahrheit). „Wenn es regnet, wird die Straße nass.“ ->
If it rains, the street gets wet. - Nutze den First Conditional, wenn du über eine konkrete Situation in der Zukunft sprichst. „Wenn es morgen regnet, werde ich meinen Regenschirm mitnehmen.“ ->
If it rains tomorrow, I will take my umbrella.
First Conditional:If I win the lottery, I will buy a car.(Ich spiele regelmäßig, es ist möglich!)Second Conditional:If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.(Ich spiele gar nicht, ich träume nur davon. Sehr unwahrscheinlich.)
unless statt if not verwenden?Unless bedeutet „außer wenn“ oder „es sei denn“. Es macht Sätze oft eleganter.If it doesn't rain, we'll go out.=Unless it rains, we'll go out.- Beachte: Nach
unlesssteht das Verb im Positiven, da das „Nicht“ bereits im Wortunlesssteckt.
if-Satz kein will benutzen?if oder when?if. When ist wirklich für Dinge reserviert, bei denen kein Zweifel besteht (Zeitpunkte, Alter, feste Termine). Wenn es eine 50/50-Chance ist, ist es eine Bedingung, also if.as soon as wie when benutzen?as soon as (sobald) funktioniert grammatikalisch exakt wie when. Es betont nur, dass das Resultat unmittelbar nach der Bedingung eintritt.As soon as I arrive, I'll call you.(Noch schneller als nurwhen).
First Conditional Structure
| Clause Type | Conjunction | Subject | Verb Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Condition
|
If / When
|
I / You / We / They
|
Present Simple (Base)
|
If they arrive...
|
|
Condition
|
If / When
|
He / She / It
|
Present Simple (+s/es)
|
When she arrives...
|
|
Result
|
(None)
|
Any Subject
|
Will + Base Verb
|
...we will start.
|
|
Negative Condition
|
If
|
Any Subject
|
Don't / Doesn't + Base
|
If it doesn't rain...
|
|
Negative Result
|
(None)
|
Any Subject
|
Won't + Base Verb
|
...we won't go.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
I will
|
I'll
|
Very common in speech
|
|
You will
|
You'll
|
Very common in speech
|
|
He will / She will
|
He'll / She'll
|
Very common in speech
|
|
It will
|
It'll
|
Common, but harder to hear
|
|
Will not
|
Won't
|
Standard negative
|
Meanings
The first conditional describes a real possibility in the future. 'If' introduces a condition that may or may not happen, while 'When' introduces an event the speaker is certain will occur.
Probability (If)
Used when the outcome depends on an uncertain event.
“If you study hard, you will pass the exam.”
“If we leave now, we'll catch the train.”
Certainty/Timing (When)
Used when the event is guaranteed to happen, and we are just waiting for the time to arrive.
“When the sun goes down, it will get cold.”
“When I turn 21, I'll have a big party.”
Immediate Sequence (As soon as)
A stronger version of 'when' emphasizing that the result happens immediately after the condition.
“As soon as the plane lands, I'll text you.”
“I'll pay the bill as soon as I get my salary.”
Reference Table
| Keyword | Wahrscheinlichkeit | Bedeutung | Bedingungssatz | Hauptsatz |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
If
|
Möglich (50/50)
|
Bedingung könnte eintreten
|
If it rains tomorrow,
|
I'll stay home.
|
|
When
|
Sicher (100%)
|
Ereignis wird definitiv eintreten
|
When I get home,
|
I'll eat dinner.
|
|
If
|
Unwahrscheinliche Möglichkeit
|
Bedingtes Ergebnis
|
If she wins the lottery,
|
she'll quit her job.
|
|
When
|
Erwarteter Zeitpunkt
|
Aktion zu diesem Zeitpunkt
|
When the clock strikes five,
|
the meeting will end.
|
|
If
|
Warnung/Ratschlag
|
Konsequenz der Bedingung
|
If you don't study,
|
you won't pass.
|
|
When
|
Vorhersehbares Ereignis
|
Ergebnis der Gewissheit
|
When the baby cries,
|
I'll feed her.
|
|
Unless
|
Negative Bedingung
|
Wenn nicht...
|
Unless you hurry,
|
you'll be late.
|
Formalitätsspektrum
Upon your arrival, would you be so kind as to contact me? (Communication)
When you arrive, please give me a call. (Communication)
Call me when you get there. (Communication)
Hit me up when you're there. (Communication)
First Conditional: If vs When
If (Möglichkeit)
- Bedingung (kann/kann nicht passieren) If + Present Simple
- Ergebnis (wahrscheinliche Konsequenz) will + Base Verb
When (Gewissheit)
- Ereignis (passiert definitiv) When + Present Simple
- Ergebnis (Aktion zu diesem Zeitpunkt) will + Base Verb
Häufiger Fehler
- Kein „will“ nach if/when e.g., *If it rains*, not *If it will rain*
If vs When im First Conditional
If oder When wählen
Sprichst du über ein zukünftiges Ereignis?
Ist das zukünftige Ereignis *sicher*, dass es eintritt?
Ist das zukünftige Ereignis *möglich*, aber nicht sicher?
Wann „If“ vs. „When“ verwenden
„If“ verwenden für...
- • Möglichkeiten
- • Bedingungen
- • Notfallpläne
- • Warnungen/Ratschläge
„When“ verwenden für...
- • Sichere Ereignisse
- • Erwarteter Zeitpunkt
- • Geplante Aktionen
- • Abfolge von Ereignissen
Achte auf...
- • Kein „will“ nach If/When
- • Komma nach anfänglichem Satz
- • Klarheit der Bedeutung
Beispiele nach Niveau
If it is cold, I will wear a coat.
If it is cold, I will wear a coat.
When I go home, I will sleep.
When I go home, I will sleep.
If you are hungry, we will eat.
If you are hungry, we will eat.
When the bus comes, we will get on.
When the bus comes, we will get on.
If I have time, I'll call you later.
If I have time, I'll call you later.
When the movie starts, please be quiet.
When the movie starts, please be quiet.
If she doesn't arrive soon, we'll leave.
If she doesn't arrive soon, we'll leave.
I'll buy a new phone when I have enough money.
I'll buy a new phone when I have enough money.
If the weather stays like this, the crops will fail.
If the weather stays like this, the crops will fail.
When you finish the report, will you send it to me?
When you finish the report, will you send it to me?
If we don't reduce costs, we won't make a profit.
If we don't reduce costs, we won't make a profit.
As soon as I hear any news, I'll let you know.
As soon as I hear any news, I'll let you know.
If the interest rates rise, the housing market will likely cool down.
If the interest rates rise, the housing market will likely cool down.
When the results are published, we'll be able to see the impact.
When the results are published, we'll be able to see the impact.
If you happen to see Mark, will you tell him I'm looking for him?
If you happen to see Mark, will you tell him I'm looking for him?
Unless they provide more funding, the project will be cancelled.
Unless they provide more funding, the project will be cancelled.
Should the negotiations fail, the company will face bankruptcy.
Should the negotiations fail, the company will face bankruptcy.
If you will just sign here, we'll finalize the paperwork.
If you will just sign here, we'll finalize the paperwork.
When the dust finally settles, we'll see who was right.
When the dust finally settles, we'll see who was right.
If it weren't for the rain, we'd be having a great time (Mixed/First overlap).
If it weren't for the rain, we'd be having a great time.
If the minister is to resign, it will happen before the weekend.
If the minister is to resign, it will happen before the weekend.
Whensoever the opportunity arises, I shall take it.
Whensoever the opportunity arises, I shall take it.
If you would be so kind as to wait, the doctor will be with you shortly.
If you would be so kind as to wait, the doctor will be with you shortly.
Provided that the conditions are met, the merger will proceed as planned.
Provided that the conditions are met, the merger will proceed as planned.
Leicht verwechselbar
Both use 'if' and present tense. Learners don't know when to use 'will'.
Learners use the First Conditional for impossible things.
Learners want to use 'will' after any time word.
Häufige Fehler
If it will rain, I stay.
If it rains, I'll stay.
When I will see him...
When I see him...
If he go, I will go.
If he goes, I will go.
I will call you if I will arrive.
I will call you when I arrive.
If I see him I will tell him.
If I see him, I will tell him.
If it rains, I stay home.
If it rains, I will stay home.
When I'll finish, I'll call.
When I finish, I'll call.
If I would see him, I will tell him.
If I see him, I will tell him.
Unless it doesn't rain, we'll go.
Unless it rains, we'll go.
When I win the lottery, I'll buy a car.
If I win the lottery, I'll buy a car.
Satzmuster
If I ___, I will ___.
When I ___, I'll ___.
I won't ___ unless ___.
As soon as ___, we will ___.
Real World Usage
If you're free later, let's grab a coffee.
If I am selected for this role, I will work hard to exceed expectations.
When the gate opens, we'll board the plane.
If you spend over $50, you'll get free shipping.
When the water boils, add the pasta.
If the storm continues, flights will be delayed.
Wahrscheinlichkeits-Check
Is this event certain or just a possibility?
Kein „will“ nach If/When!
If it rains, I will stay home.
Komma bei vorangestellten Sätzen
If I go, I will call you.
Kontext ist König!
Please clarify if this is a definite deadline.
Smart Tips
Bite your tongue! Replace 'will' with the simple present tense immediately.
Ask yourself: 'Is there any chance this won't happen?' If yes, use 'if'.
Swap 'when' for 'as soon as'. It adds a sense of priority to your plans.
Use 'Provided that' instead of 'If' to sound more professional and precise.
Aussprache
Contraction Stress
In the result clause, 'I'll' or 'you'll' are usually unstressed. The stress falls on the main verb.
The 'If' Rise
When the 'if' clause comes first, the voice usually rises at the comma to show the sentence isn't finished.
Conditional Rise-Fall
If you go ↗, I'll go ↘.
Standard conditional statement
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
If is a 'Maybe', When is a 'Date'. Both use the Present, so don't be late!
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a fork in the road for 'If' (two possible paths). Imagine a straight train track for 'When' (the train will definitely reach the station, it's just a matter of time).
Rhyme
After 'if' or 'when', the 'will' is a sin; use the simple present to let the meaning in.
Story
A traveler is planning a trip. He says, 'When I arrive in London, I'll see the Big Ben.' (Certainty). Then he says, 'If I have enough money, I'll buy a souvenir.' (Uncertainty). He never says 'will' until he's out of the 'if/when' zone.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Write down 3 things you will definitely do tonight (using 'When') and 3 things you might do if you have time (using 'If').
Kulturelle Hinweise
British speakers often use 'should' in the if-clause to sound more polite or to suggest a lower probability.
Americans are very likely to use 'as soon as' in place of 'when' to emphasize promptness in business contexts.
Using 'When' instead of 'If' in negotiations can be a power move to show you assume the deal will happen.
Conditionals in English evolved from Old English 'gif' (if) and 'hwanne' (when).
Gesprächseinstiege
What will you do if it rains this weekend?
When you finish your English course, how will you use your skills?
If you win a million dollars tomorrow, what's the first thing you'll buy?
What will happen to the environment if we don't change our habits?
Tagebuch-Impulse
Häufige Fehler
Test Yourself
___ it rains tomorrow, we'll stay inside.
Choose the correct sentence:
Find and fix the mistake:
When my boss will call, I'll tell her about the new client.
Translate into English: 'Si me envías un mensaje, te responderé.'
Answer starts with: ["I...
Score: /4
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercises___ I see him tomorrow, I'll give him your message. (It's possible I will see him, but not certain).
If she ___ (not/study), she will fail the exam.
Find and fix the mistake:
When I will get home, I will make dinner.
If it doesn't rain, we will have a picnic.
A: Are you coming to the party? B: I'm not sure. I'll come ___ I finish my work early.
Select the First Conditional sentence.
1. If you eat too much... 2. When the sun sets... 3. Unless you hurry...
You can use 'will' in both the 'if' clause and the 'result' clause.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesI'll make some coffee ___ you wake up.
If you will study, you will pass the exam.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Cuando termine el trabajo, te llamaré.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the situations with the correct word:
Don't worry, I'll text you ___ I'm on my way.
If I will go to London, I'll visit the British Museum.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Si hace sol, iremos de picnic.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the event type with the correct word:
Score: /12
FAQ (8)
Yes! You can use other modal verbs in the result clause to change the meaning. `If it's sunny, we can go to the beach` (ability/permission) or `If it's sunny, we might go` (lower certainty).
In 99% of cases at B1 level, yes. However, in very formal English, 'will' can be used after 'if' to mean 'if you are willing to' (e.g., `If you will just wait here...`).
`When` is general timing. `As soon as` is immediate. `When I get home, I'll eat` vs. `As soon as I get home, I'll eat` (the second one implies you are very hungry!).
Only if the `if` or `when` clause comes first. If it's in the middle, no comma is needed. `If it rains, I'll stay.` vs `I'll stay if it rains.`
No. The First Conditional is strictly for future possibilities. For the past, you would use the Third Conditional.
That is the Zero Conditional. It means 'Every time I see him, I tell him' (a habit). The First Conditional `I'll tell him` refers to one specific time in the future.
It is neutral. It's used in both conversation and writing. It's often easier than saying 'if... not'.
If the condition is impossible or very unlikely (like winning the lottery for most people), we often switch to the Second Conditional (`If I won...`). But if you just bought a ticket, the First Conditional is fine!
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Si + Presente / Cuando + Subjuntivo
English uses Present Simple for both 'if' and 'when', while Spanish changes the mood for 'when'.
Si + Présent / Quand + Futur
French uses the future tense after 'when', English does not.
Wenn + Präsens
German uses one word (wenn) for both possibilities and certainties.
〜たら (~tara) / 〜とき (~toki)
Japanese relies on conditional particles rather than a 'will' vs 'present' tense split.
إذا (Idha) / عندما (Indama)
Arabic often uses the past tense form to express the condition clause.
如果 (Rúguǒ) / 当...的时候 (Dāng... de shíhòu)
Chinese uses particles and word order instead of tense changes.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
Erster Konditionalsatz: Reale Zukunftsmöglichkeiten
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