جمله شرطی نوع اول: When در مقابل If (احتمال و زمان)
if برای چیزایی که ممکنه اتفاق بیفتن و when برای چیزایی که حتماً توی آینده رخ میدن.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'If' for things that might happen and 'When' for things that definitely will happen in the future.
- Use 'If' for possibilities: 'If it rains, I'll stay home.' (Maybe it rains).
- Use 'When' for certainties: 'When I get home, I'll call you.' (I will definitely get home).
- Never use 'will' immediately after 'if' or 'when' in the condition clause.
مرور کلی
if و when نگهبانهای نقشههای آیندهت هستن.First Conditional. این زبونِ احتمالات، پیشبینیها و برنامهریزیهاست.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
First Conditional مثل یه «استیچ» (stitch) تو تیکتاک میمونه؛ یه بخش ویدیو صحنه رو آماده میکنه (شرط) و بخش دوم بهش واکنش نشون میده (نتیجه). این یه رابطه علت و معلولی تو زمان آیندهست. داری میگی: «هی، اگه اول این اتفاق بیفته، بعدش اون یکی اتفاق هم دنبالش میاد.» جادو تو اون مرز بین قطعیت و عدم قطعیت اتفاق میافته.if برای آدمهای رویاپرداز، ریسکپذیر و محتاطه؛ برای چیزهایی که شانس اتفاق افتادنشون ۵۰/۵۰ هست. when برای برنامهریزها و واقعبینهاست؛ برای چیزهایی که قطعاً تو تقویم ثبت شدن. هر دو از یه موتور پایه استفاده میکنن: یه فعل زمان حال در بخش اول و زمان آینده (will) در بخش دوم.
الگوی ساخت
if یا when به اضافه Present Simple استفاده میشه. نکته: با اینکه داریم در مورد آینده حرف میزنیم، هیچوقت تو این بخش اول از will استفاده نمیکنیم. این یکی از اون عادتهای عجیب انگلیسیه، ولی باهاش کنار بیا.
If + it rains + , + I + will stay + home.
When + I finish + , + I + will call + you.
I + will be + happy + if + you come.
The food + will arrive + when + the driver gets + here.
جدول صرف
| فرم | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|
| --- | --- | --- |
| Positive | If I go, I will see. | اگه برم، میبینم. |
| Negative | If I don't go, I won't see. | اگه نرم، نمیبینم. |
| Question | Will you go if I go? | اگه من برم، تو هم میای؟ |
| When (Certain) | When it ends, I'll leave. | وقتی تموم بشه، من میرم. |
کی استفاده کنیم
First Conditional استفاده میکنی.- The 'Maybe' Scenario (If): برای چیزهایی که ممکنه اتفاق نیفتن استفادهش کن. «اگه تو قرعهکشی برنده بشم، همه رو شام مهمون میکنم.» (اسپویل: احتمالاً برنده نمیشی، ولی امید داشتنش قشنگه). برای موقعیتهای «نقشه جایگزین» یا همان Plan B عالیه. «اگه پرواز کنسل بشه، با قطار میریم.»
- The 'Timing' Scenario (When): برای چیزهایی که حتمی هستن استفادهش کن. «وقتی خورشید غروب کنه، هوا سرد میشه.» یا واقعبینانهتر: «وقتی شارژ گوشیم تموم بشه، دیگه تیکتاک دیدن رو ول میکنم.» میدونی که قراره اتفاق بیفته؛ فقط داری در مورد اتفاقِ بعدش حرف میزنی.
- Modern Life: این گرامر همه جا هست. «اگه این پست رو لایک کنی، قسمت دوم رو هم میسازم.» «وقتی حقوقم رو بگیرم، اون ایرپادها رو میخرم.» «اگه وایفای کند باشه، از دیتای گوشیم استفاده میکنم.» این زبونِ مذاکره و انتظاره. همچنین بهترین راه برای دادن قولهای توخالی به رفیقات واسه بیرون رفتنه: «اگه زیاد خسته نباشم، میام!» (همه میدونیم خونه میمونی و نتفلیکس میبینی).
اشتباهات رایج
- The 'Will' Overload: بزرگترین اشتباه اینه که تو بخش
ifازwillاستفاده کنی. *✗ If I will see him...* ✓ If I see him... یادت باشه: بخشifمثل ماشه عمل میکنه و ماشهها همیشه در زمان حال میمونن. - The Certainty Swap: استفاده از
whenبرای چیزی که اصلاً قطعی نیست. «وقتی یه میلیون دلار تو خیابون پیدا کنم...» آروم باش جف بزوس! مگر اینکه نقشه گنج خیلی خاصی داشته باشی، ازifاستفاده کن. - Comma Drama: فراموش کردن ویرگول وقتی جمله با
ifیاwhenشروع میشه. مثل یه نفس کوتاهه که خواننده بهش نیاز داره.If you leave now, you'll make it.در مقابلIf you leave now you'll make it.(دیدی؟ با ویرگول چقدر روونتره). - The Present Simple Trap: فراموش کردن
-sبرای he/she/it.If he arrive...نه! ✓ If he arrives... سوم شخص مفرد هنوز تو آینده هم وجود داره (خب، تو این ساختار حال-آینده که داریم کار میکنیم وجود داره).
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
- Zero Conditional (Facts): «اگه به یخ حرارت بدی، ذوب میشه.» این ۱۰۰٪ مواقع درسته. یه حقیقت علمیه. First Conditional در مورد یه اتفاق خاص تو آیندهست. «اگه به این تیکه یخ خاص حرارت بدی، بالاخره ذوب میشه.»
- If vs When (The Main Event):
If= احتمال ۰٪ تا ۹۹٪.When= احتمال ۱۰۰٪. اگه بگم «وقتی ازدواج کنم»، یعنی مطمئنم. اگه بگم «اگه ازدواج کنم»، یعنی هنوز دارم گزینههام رو بررسی میکنم (و شاید هنوز تو تیندر فعالم). - Second Conditional (Dreams): «اگه لوتو برنده میشدم، یه جزیره میخریدم.» این در مورد چیزهاییه که تقریباً غیرممکن یا کاملاً خیالی هستن. First Conditional برای احتمالات «واقعی» هست. «اگه پولم رو پسانداز کنم، یه لپتاپ جدید میخرم.» این یه نقشهست، نه فقط یه رویای تو خالی.
سؤالات رایج
Can I use going to instead of will?
بله! «اگه ببینمش، قراره بهش بگم.» (I am going to tell her). یه کم برنامهریزیشدهتر به نظر میرسه.
What about unless?
unless فقط همون if not هست. «مگر اینکه بارون بیاد» (Unless it rains) = «اگه بارون نیاد» (If it doesn't rain). یه بخش از کلمه رو برات ذخیره میکنه!
Can I use can or may?
کاملاً. «اگه تموم کنی، میتونی بری.» این نتیجه رو از یه پیشبینی به یه اجازه تبدیل میکنه.
Does the order matter?
اصلاً. «اگه دیر کنم بهت زنگ میزنم» با «بهت زنگ میزنم اگه دیر کنم» فرقی نداره. فقط قانون ویرگول یادت نره!
Why no will after if?
این فقط یکی از اون چیزهاییه که معلمهای زبان عاشق اصلاح کردنش هستن. فکر کن if یه ماشین زمانه که تو رو برای یه لحظه تو زمان حال قفل میکنه.
Is it okay to use when for my birthday?
قطعاً. «وقتی تولدم بشه، یه مهمونی میگیرم.» مگر اینکه قصد داشته باشی یه سال رو بپرونی، این یه اتفاق حتمیه!
First Conditional Structure
| Clause Type | Conjunction | Subject | Verb Form | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Condition
|
If / When
|
I / You / We / They
|
Present Simple (Base)
|
If they arrive...
|
|
Condition
|
If / When
|
He / She / It
|
Present Simple (+s/es)
|
When she arrives...
|
|
Result
|
(None)
|
Any Subject
|
Will + Base Verb
|
...we will start.
|
|
Negative Condition
|
If
|
Any Subject
|
Don't / Doesn't + Base
|
If it doesn't rain...
|
|
Negative Result
|
(None)
|
Any Subject
|
Won't + Base Verb
|
...we won't go.
|
Common Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
I will
|
I'll
|
Very common in speech
|
|
You will
|
You'll
|
Very common in speech
|
|
He will / She will
|
He'll / She'll
|
Very common in speech
|
|
It will
|
It'll
|
Common, but harder to hear
|
|
Will not
|
Won't
|
Standard negative
|
Meanings
The first conditional describes a real possibility in the future. 'If' introduces a condition that may or may not happen, while 'When' introduces an event the speaker is certain will occur.
Probability (If)
Used when the outcome depends on an uncertain event.
“If you study hard, you will pass the exam.”
“If we leave now, we'll catch the train.”
Certainty/Timing (When)
Used when the event is guaranteed to happen, and we are just waiting for the time to arrive.
“When the sun goes down, it will get cold.”
“When I turn 21, I'll have a big party.”
Immediate Sequence (As soon as)
A stronger version of 'when' emphasizing that the result happens immediately after the condition.
“As soon as the plane lands, I'll text you.”
“I'll pay the bill as soon as I get my salary.”
Reference Table
| ربط دهنده | میزان قطعیت | فعل در شرط | فعل در نتیجه |
|---|---|---|---|
|
If
|
50% (Uncertain)
|
Present Simple
|
Will + Base
|
|
When
|
100% (Certain)
|
Present Simple
|
Will + Base
|
|
Unless
|
Condition (If not)
|
Present Simple
|
Will + Base
|
|
As soon as
|
Immediate certainty
|
Present Simple
|
Will + Base
|
|
Provided that
|
Strict condition
|
Present Simple
|
Will + Base
|
|
In case
|
Precaution
|
Present Simple
|
Present/Will
|
طیف رسمیت
Upon your arrival, would you be so kind as to contact me? (Communication)
When you arrive, please give me a call. (Communication)
Call me when you get there. (Communication)
Hit me up when you're there. (Communication)
If vs When Probability Map
Uncertain (If)
- Winning the lottery If I win...
- Weather changes If it snows...
Certain (When)
- Sunset When the sun sets...
- Aging When I am 80...
Clause Order & Punctuation
Choosing If or When
Is the event 100% sure to happen?
مثالها بر اساس سطح
If it is cold, I will wear a coat.
If it is cold, I will wear a coat.
When I go home, I will sleep.
When I go home, I will sleep.
If you are hungry, we will eat.
If you are hungry, we will eat.
When the bus comes, we will get on.
When the bus comes, we will get on.
If I have time, I'll call you later.
If I have time, I'll call you later.
When the movie starts, please be quiet.
When the movie starts, please be quiet.
If she doesn't arrive soon, we'll leave.
If she doesn't arrive soon, we'll leave.
I'll buy a new phone when I have enough money.
I'll buy a new phone when I have enough money.
If the weather stays like this, the crops will fail.
If the weather stays like this, the crops will fail.
When you finish the report, will you send it to me?
When you finish the report, will you send it to me?
If we don't reduce costs, we won't make a profit.
If we don't reduce costs, we won't make a profit.
As soon as I hear any news, I'll let you know.
As soon as I hear any news, I'll let you know.
If the interest rates rise, the housing market will likely cool down.
If the interest rates rise, the housing market will likely cool down.
When the results are published, we'll be able to see the impact.
When the results are published, we'll be able to see the impact.
If you happen to see Mark, will you tell him I'm looking for him?
If you happen to see Mark, will you tell him I'm looking for him?
Unless they provide more funding, the project will be cancelled.
Unless they provide more funding, the project will be cancelled.
Should the negotiations fail, the company will face bankruptcy.
Should the negotiations fail, the company will face bankruptcy.
If you will just sign here, we'll finalize the paperwork.
If you will just sign here, we'll finalize the paperwork.
When the dust finally settles, we'll see who was right.
When the dust finally settles, we'll see who was right.
If it weren't for the rain, we'd be having a great time (Mixed/First overlap).
If it weren't for the rain, we'd be having a great time.
If the minister is to resign, it will happen before the weekend.
If the minister is to resign, it will happen before the weekend.
Whensoever the opportunity arises, I shall take it.
Whensoever the opportunity arises, I shall take it.
If you would be so kind as to wait, the doctor will be with you shortly.
If you would be so kind as to wait, the doctor will be with you shortly.
Provided that the conditions are met, the merger will proceed as planned.
Provided that the conditions are met, the merger will proceed as planned.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both use 'if' and present tense. Learners don't know when to use 'will'.
Learners use the First Conditional for impossible things.
Learners want to use 'will' after any time word.
اشتباهات رایج
If it will rain, I stay.
If it rains, I'll stay.
When I will see him...
When I see him...
If he go, I will go.
If he goes, I will go.
I will call you if I will arrive.
I will call you when I arrive.
If I see him I will tell him.
If I see him, I will tell him.
If it rains, I stay home.
If it rains, I will stay home.
When I'll finish, I'll call.
When I finish, I'll call.
If I would see him, I will tell him.
If I see him, I will tell him.
Unless it doesn't rain, we'll go.
Unless it rains, we'll go.
When I win the lottery, I'll buy a car.
If I win the lottery, I'll buy a car.
الگوهای جملهسازی
If I ___, I will ___.
When I ___, I'll ___.
I won't ___ unless ___.
As soon as ___, we will ___.
Real World Usage
If you're free later, let's grab a coffee.
If I am selected for this role, I will work hard to exceed expectations.
When the gate opens, we'll board the plane.
If you spend over $50, you'll get free shipping.
When the water boils, add the pasta.
If the storm continues, flights will be delayed.
منطقه ممنوعه "will"
if یا when شروع میشه، از will استفاده نکن. مثلاً بگو: If I go, نه If I will go.
قانون کاما
if یا when شروع شد، بعد از اون بخش یه کاما بذار. ولی اگه if یا when وسط جمله اومد، دیگه کاما لازم نیست! مثلاً: If it rains, I will stay home.
"Unless" یعنی "اگر نه"
unless استفاده کنی. مثلاً: Unless you study دقیقاً همون معنی "If you don't study" رو میده.Smart Tips
Bite your tongue! Replace 'will' with the simple present tense immediately.
Ask yourself: 'Is there any chance this won't happen?' If yes, use 'if'.
Swap 'when' for 'as soon as'. It adds a sense of priority to your plans.
Use 'Provided that' instead of 'If' to sound more professional and precise.
تلفظ
Contraction Stress
In the result clause, 'I'll' or 'you'll' are usually unstressed. The stress falls on the main verb.
The 'If' Rise
When the 'if' clause comes first, the voice usually rises at the comma to show the sentence isn't finished.
Conditional Rise-Fall
If you go ↗, I'll go ↘.
Standard conditional statement
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
If is a 'Maybe', When is a 'Date'. Both use the Present, so don't be late!
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a fork in the road for 'If' (two possible paths). Imagine a straight train track for 'When' (the train will definitely reach the station, it's just a matter of time).
Rhyme
After 'if' or 'when', the 'will' is a sin; use the simple present to let the meaning in.
Story
A traveler is planning a trip. He says, 'When I arrive in London, I'll see the Big Ben.' (Certainty). Then he says, 'If I have enough money, I'll buy a souvenir.' (Uncertainty). He never says 'will' until he's out of the 'if/when' zone.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write down 3 things you will definitely do tonight (using 'When') and 3 things you might do if you have time (using 'If').
نکات فرهنگی
British speakers often use 'should' in the if-clause to sound more polite or to suggest a lower probability.
Americans are very likely to use 'as soon as' in place of 'when' to emphasize promptness in business contexts.
Using 'When' instead of 'If' in negotiations can be a power move to show you assume the deal will happen.
Conditionals in English evolved from Old English 'gif' (if) and 'hwanne' (when).
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
What will you do if it rains this weekend?
When you finish your English course, how will you use your skills?
If you win a million dollars tomorrow, what's the first thing you'll buy?
What will happen to the environment if we don't change our habits?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
___ the sun sets tonight, it will get much colder.
When انتخاب درسته.If she ___ (study) hard, she will pass the exam.
if همیشه حال ساده استفاده میکنیم (studies)، حتی اگه معنی آینده بده.Find and fix the mistake:
I will call you if I will arrive at the hotel.
if از will استفاده کنی. شکل درستش if I arrive هست.Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercises___ I see him tomorrow, I'll give him your message. (It's possible I will see him, but not certain).
If she ___ (not/study), she will fail the exam.
Find and fix the mistake:
When I will get home, I will make dinner.
If it doesn't rain, we will have a picnic.
A: Are you coming to the party? B: I'm not sure. I'll come ___ I finish my work early.
Select the First Conditional sentence.
1. If you eat too much... 2. When the sun sets... 3. Unless you hurry...
You can use 'will' in both the 'if' clause and the 'result' clause.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesWhen my phone ___ (reach) 1%, I will plug it in.
will / you / If / I / help / ask / me
Se estiver ensolarado amanhã, iremos à praia.
Match the clauses:
___ I win the jackpot, I'll quit my job.
If he see the message, he'll reply.
If you ___ (not/wear) a coat, you will catch a cold.
When the pizza arrives, we ___ dinner.
I / stay / Unless / home / it / sunny / is / will
I'll text you as soon as I ___ (land).
Score: /10
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes! You can use other modal verbs in the result clause to change the meaning. `If it's sunny, we can go to the beach` (ability/permission) or `If it's sunny, we might go` (lower certainty).
In 99% of cases at B1 level, yes. However, in very formal English, 'will' can be used after 'if' to mean 'if you are willing to' (e.g., `If you will just wait here...`).
`When` is general timing. `As soon as` is immediate. `When I get home, I'll eat` vs. `As soon as I get home, I'll eat` (the second one implies you are very hungry!).
Only if the `if` or `when` clause comes first. If it's in the middle, no comma is needed. `If it rains, I'll stay.` vs `I'll stay if it rains.`
No. The First Conditional is strictly for future possibilities. For the past, you would use the Third Conditional.
That is the Zero Conditional. It means 'Every time I see him, I tell him' (a habit). The First Conditional `I'll tell him` refers to one specific time in the future.
It is neutral. It's used in both conversation and writing. It's often easier than saying 'if... not'.
If the condition is impossible or very unlikely (like winning the lottery for most people), we often switch to the Second Conditional (`If I won...`). But if you just bought a ticket, the First Conditional is fine!
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Si + Presente / Cuando + Subjuntivo
English uses Present Simple for both 'if' and 'when', while Spanish changes the mood for 'when'.
Si + Présent / Quand + Futur
French uses the future tense after 'when', English does not.
Wenn + Präsens
German uses one word (wenn) for both possibilities and certainties.
〜たら (~tara) / 〜とき (~toki)
Japanese relies on conditional particles rather than a 'will' vs 'present' tense split.
إذا (Idha) / عندما (Indama)
Arabic often uses the past tense form to express the condition clause.
如果 (Rúguǒ) / 当...的时候 (Dāng... de shíhòu)
Chinese uses particles and word order instead of tense changes.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
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Can: ابراز توانایی (Can)
Overview میتونی پشتک بزنی؟ یا شاید فقط بلدی یه نون خمیرترشِ درستوحسابی بپزی؟ در هر صورت، داری از `can` استفاده میکنی...
شرطیهای ترکیبی: عمل گذشته، نتیجه حال (Type 2)
### Overview شرایطهای مختلط (Mixed Conditionals) یکی از ساختارهای پیشرفته و در عین حال بسیار کاربردی در زبان انگلیسی هس...
Suppose & Supposing: بازی 'چه می شد اگر'
### مقدمه در گرامر زبان انگلیسی، عبارات `suppose` و `supposing` نقش ویژهای در بیان جملات شرطی و تشویق مخاطب به تفکر در...
