حالت شرطی صفر: حقایق کلی (اگر در مقابل وقتی)
Present Simple هستن. مثل یه فرمول «همیشه درست» برای if و when.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the Zero Conditional to talk about things that are always true, like scientific facts or personal habits.
- Use Present Simple in both clauses for facts: 'If you heat ice, it melts.'
- Use 'When' instead of 'If' when the situation is certain to happen.
- Never use 'will' in either part of a Zero Conditional sentence.
مرور کلی
if و when حساسه؟ چون اینها خشتهای اولیهی صحبت کردن دربارهی قوانین دنیا هستن. جملات شرطی نوع صفر (Zero Conditional) رو مثل «فیزیکِ» زبان در نظر بگیر.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
الگوی ساخت
will یا would احتیاج نداری.
If + you heat ice (حال ساده)، it melts (حال ساده).
کی استفاده کنیم
- حقایق علمی: اینها واقعیتهای بزرگ هستن. «اگه قرمز و آبی رو با هم مخلوط کنی، بنفش میشه.» این علمه، نمیشه باهاش بحث کرد!
- عادتهای شخصی: برای توصیف «برنامهریزیِ» خودت ازش استفاده کن. «وقتی بیدار میشم، اینستاگرامم رو چک میکنم.» این یه روتین تکراریه که همیشه برای تو درسته.
- دستورالعملها و قوانین: به تنظیمات اپلیکیشنها یا قوانین بازی فکر کن. «اگه دو بار روی صفحه بزنی، ویدیو متوقف میشه.» یا «وقتی چراغ قرمز میشه، تو میایستی.»
- حقایق کلی: چیزهایی که به طور کلی در جامعه به عنوان واقعیت پذیرفته شدن. «اگه شغل داشته باشی، مالیات میدی.» (متأسفانه این یکی خیلی واقعیه).
اشتباهات رایج
- اضافه کردن 'Will': این رایجترین اشتباهه! مردم معمولاً میگن: '.If it rains, the grass will get wet'. این در واقع شرطی نوع اوله (پیشبینی). برای شرطی نوع صفر (واقعیت کلی)، فقط بگو: '.If it rains, the grass gets wet'
- فراموش کردن '-s': سوم شخص مفرد رو یادت نره! «اگه اون بادوم زمینی *بخوره* (he eats)، مریض *میشه* (he gets sick).» نذار اون حروف کوچیک از دستت در برن.
- اشتباه گرفتن 'If' و 'When': با اینکه معمولاً جایگزین هم میشن، ولی «when» نشون میده که یه چیزی بیشتر از «if» اتفاق میافته یا قطعیتره.
- پیچیده کردن زمان فعل: نیازی به 'is going to' یا 'would' نداری. ساده نگهش دار، در زمان حال نگهش دار!
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
- شرطی نوع صفر: (Present , If + Present) = حقایق کلی/عادتها. '.If I drink coffee, I stay awake' (این همیشه اتفاق میافته).
- شرطی نوع اول: (Verb + If + Present, Will) = پیشبینیهای خاص برای آینده. '.If I drink this coffee now, I will stay awake tonight' (این دربارهی همین یه فنجون قهوهی خاصه).
سؤالات رایج
Zero Conditional Structure
| Clause Type | Conjunction | Subject | Verb Tense | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Condition
|
If / When
|
I / You / We / They
|
Present Simple
|
If you heat ice
|
|
Result
|
(comma)
|
It
|
Present Simple
|
it melts
|
|
Negative Condition
|
If
|
He / She / It
|
Does not + Verb
|
If she doesn't study
|
|
Negative Result
|
(comma)
|
She
|
Does not + Verb
|
she fails
|
|
Question
|
Do / Does
|
Subject
|
Verb... if clause
|
Do you cry if you are sad?
|
Common Contractions in Zero Conditional
| Full Form | Contraction | Usage Example |
|---|---|---|
|
do not
|
don't
|
If you don't go, I don't go.
|
|
does not
|
doesn't
|
If it doesn't rain, the grass dies.
|
|
I am
|
I'm
|
If I'm late, they start without me.
|
|
it is
|
it's
|
If it's cold, I wear a coat.
|
Meanings
A sentence structure used to express general truths, scientific facts, and situations where one action always causes another.
Scientific Facts
Describing laws of nature or universal truths that never change.
“If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.”
“If you drop an object, it falls to the ground.”
Personal Habits & Routines
Describing things you consistently do in response to a specific trigger.
“If I wake up late, I skip breakfast.”
“When I feel stressed, I go for a run.”
Instructions & Rules
Giving commands or explaining how a system works.
“If the light turns red, stop the car.”
“When the bell rings, the lesson ends.”
Reference Table
| شرط (If/When) | نتیجه (جمله اصلی) | موقعیت | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
Present Simple
|
حقیقت علمی 🧪
|
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
|
|
Present Simple
|
Present Simple
|
عادت شخصی 😴
|
When I'm tired, I drink tea.
|
|
Present Simple
|
Present Simple
|
قوانین اپ/تکنولوژی 📱
|
If you swipe left, you delete it.
|
|
Present Simple
|
Present Simple
|
قانون عمومی 🌦️
|
When it rains, the ground gets wet.
|
|
Present Simple
|
Imperative
|
دستورالعمل ✍️
|
If you need help, ask me.
|
|
Present Simple
|
Present Simple
|
واقعیت اجتماعی 📈
|
If you work hard, you get results.
|
طیف رسمیت
If an employee arrives after 9:00 AM, the tardiness is recorded. (Workplace policy)
If you are late for work, you get in trouble. (Workplace policy)
If you're late, the boss gets mad. (Workplace policy)
If you show up late, you're toast. (Workplace policy)
Zero Conditional Usage Map
Science
- Gravity If you drop it, it falls.
- Chemistry If you mix acid and base, they react.
Habits
- Morning When I wake up, I drink water.
- Stress If I'm stressed, I eat chocolate.
Rules
- Driving If the light is red, you stop.
- School If you are late, you go to the office.
If vs. When
Is it Zero Conditional?
Is it a general truth?
Does it happen every time?
Common Verbs in Zero Conditional
Sensory
- • see
- • hear
- • feel
- • smell
Logical
- • mean
- • result
- • cause
- • happen
Daily
- • wake
- • eat
- • work
- • sleep
مثالها بر اساس سطح
If I am tired, I sleep.
If I am tired, I sleep.
If you heat water, it is hot.
If you heat water, it is hot.
When it rains, I stay home.
When it rains, I stay home.
If I see her, I say hello.
If I see her, I say hello.
If you don't eat, you get hungry.
If you don't eat, you get hungry.
When the sun goes down, it gets dark.
When the sun goes down, it gets dark.
If you press this button, the light turns on.
If you press this button, the light turns on.
Does it work if you plug it in?
Does it work if you plug it in?
If you mix oil and water, they don't stay together.
If you mix oil and water, they don't stay together.
When I drink coffee late at night, I can't sleep.
When I drink coffee late at night, I can't sleep.
If a customer complains, we offer a refund.
If a customer complains, we offer a refund.
Unless it rains, I walk to work every day.
Unless it rains, I walk to work every day.
If the temperature drops below zero, water freezes.
If the temperature drops below zero, water freezes.
When people exercise regularly, they feel better.
When people exercise regularly, they feel better.
If the economy slows down, unemployment usually rises.
If the economy slows down, unemployment usually rises.
If you don't have a password, you can't access the file.
If you don't have a password, you can't access the file.
If one ignores the symptoms, the condition worsens.
If one ignores the symptoms, the condition worsens.
Whenever the government raises taxes, there is public outcry.
Whenever the government raises taxes, there is public outcry.
If a contract contains an error, it is legally void.
If a contract contains an error, it is legally void.
When a species loses its habitat, it faces extinction.
When a species loses its habitat, it faces extinction.
If power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely.
If power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely.
When the market reaches saturation, innovation becomes the only path to growth.
When the market reaches saturation, innovation becomes the only path to growth.
If a theory fails to account for new data, it is eventually discarded.
If a theory fails to account for new data, it is eventually discarded.
Whenever the artist revisits this theme, the tone remains somber.
Whenever the artist revisits this theme, the tone remains somber.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use 'will' in Zero Conditional or vice versa. They think all 'if' sentences need 'will'.
Using 'if' for things that are 100% certain to happen (like the sun rising).
Learners forget that 'unless' means 'if... not'.
اشتباهات رایج
If it rain, the grass get wet.
If it rains, the grass gets wet.
If I am hungry I eat.
If I am hungry, I eat.
If you heat ice, it will melt.
If you heat ice, it melts.
When I wake up, I am drinking coffee.
When I wake up, I drink coffee.
If you don't study, you will fail.
If you don't study, you fail.
Does the water boil if you heated it?
Does the water boil if you heat it?
If it is raining, I take an umbrella.
If it rains, I take an umbrella.
If you will mix red and blue, you get purple.
If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
Unless you don't eat, you stay healthy.
Unless you eat, you stay healthy.
When I am seeing him, I feel happy.
When I see him, I feel happy.
If the law will be broken, there is a penalty.
If the law is broken, there is a penalty.
Provided that it will rain, the crops grow.
Provided that it rains, the crops grow.
If one would be late, one is punished.
If one is late, one is punished.
الگوهای جملهسازی
If you ___, you ___.
When it ___, I ___.
___ if you ___.
Whenever ___, ___.
Real World Usage
If the pressure increases, the volume decreases.
If the sauce gets too thick, add a splash of water.
If the red light blinks, replace the battery.
If you work on a holiday, you receive double pay.
If I'm late, just start the movie without me.
If you use the weights, put them back after.
If you don't finish your vegetables, you don't get dessert.
قانون ویرگول
If یا When شروع میکنی، یه ویرگول لازم داری. ولی اگه if وسط جمله باشه، ویرگول نمیخوای! مثلاً: Ice melts if you heat it.
از 'Will' دوری کن!
will استفاده نکن. Will برای پیشبینیهای خاصه، نه برای قوانین کلی. If you heat ice, it melts.
بگو 'Whenever' به جای 'If'
Whenever استفاده کن. بیشتر شبیه یه حرف زدن عادیه! Whenever I see him, I say hello.
Smart Tips
Check that both verbs are in the Present Simple. If you see a 'will', delete it!
Use the 'If + Present Simple, Imperative' pattern for clarity.
Swap 'if' for 'when' to sound more natural.
Use 'whenever' instead of 'if' to emphasize that the rule applies every single time.
تلفظ
The Comma Pause
When the 'if' clause comes first, there is a slight rising intonation at the end of the clause, followed by a brief pause.
Contraction Stress
In 'don't' or 'doesn't', the 't' is often unreleased (stopped), but the vowel is stressed to show negation.
Conditional Rise-Fall
If you heat ice ↗, it melts ↘.
The rise indicates the condition is being set; the fall indicates the certain result.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Zero is for Zero Doubt. If it's a fact, keep the tense intact (Present + Present).
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a light switch. If you flip the switch (Condition), the light turns on (Result). It happens every single time, without fail.
Rhyme
If the truth is what you say, keep the 'will' far away.
Story
A scientist is in a lab. He says: 'If I mix these, it explodes.' He doesn't say 'it will explode' because he has done it 1,000 times and it's a law of nature.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look around your room. Write 3 Zero Conditional sentences about how things work (e.g., 'If I press the power button, the TV turns on').
نکات فرهنگی
British speakers often use 'if' and 'when' interchangeably for habits, but may use 'should' in formal zero-like instructions (e.g., 'Should you require assistance, please ask').
Americans frequently use the Zero Conditional for 'tough love' advice or common sense rules.
In academic papers, the Zero Conditional is the standard for describing methodology and universal results, avoiding 'will' to maintain a timeless, objective tone.
The term 'Zero Conditional' was coined by grammarians in the 20th century to categorize conditional sentences by their degree of probability.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
What happens if you don't drink water for a whole day?
What do you usually do when you feel stressed?
Tell me about a rule in your country. What happens if someone breaks it?
If a person wants to be successful in your field, what do they need to do every day?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
If you _________ (heat) water to 100 degrees, it boils.
جملهای رو انتخاب کن که بر اساس واقعیت باشه:
Find and fix the mistake:
When I am tired, I will go to bed early.
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesIf you ___ (mix) red and white, you ___ (get) pink.
Choose the best option:
Find and fix the mistake:
Correct the sentence:
Rewrite:
We use the Zero Conditional to talk about a specific event in the future.
A: Does this machine work? B: Yes, if you ___ the green button, it ___.
Identify the outlier:
1. If you don't water plants... / 2. If you add sugar... / 3. If you exercise...
Score: /8
Practice Bank
6 exercisesWhen the sun _________ (set), it gets dark.
if / you / it / ice / melts / heat
جمله درست برای توضیح یه عادت تکراری رو انتخاب کن:
Wenn du Hunger hast, iss etwas.
جملات رو به هم وصل کن:
If you don't water plants, they will die.
Score: /6
سوالات متداول (8)
Generally, no. If you use `will`, it becomes a First Conditional, which is for specific future events. Zero Conditional is for things that are *always* true.
Use `if` for things that might happen (If it rains...). Use `when` for things you are sure will happen (When the sun sets...).
Only if the `if/when` clause comes first. If it comes second (e.g., 'Ice melts if you heat it'), no comma is needed.
Yes! This is very common for instructions. For example: 'If you are lost, look at the map.'
Yes. `Unless` means 'if not'. Example: 'Plants die unless you water them' is the same as 'Plants die if you don't water them.'
It is neutral. It is used in everything from casual texting to formal scientific journals.
No. If you use the past tense, it usually becomes a Second Conditional (imaginary) or a past habit. Zero Conditional strictly uses the Present Simple.
It's called 'Zero' because there is zero doubt about the result. It is a 100% certainty.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Si + presente, presente
English is stricter about using Present Simple for general truths.
Si + présent, présent
French sometimes uses the future where English requires the present for generalities.
Wenn + Präsens, Präsens
German uses one word ('wenn') for both 'if' and 'when'.
~to (~と)
Japanese has multiple conditional forms (~tara, ~ba, ~to) while English uses one structure with different conjunctions.
Idha (إذا) + Present
Arabic verb aspects (perfective/imperfective) function differently than English tenses.
Ruguo (如果)... jiu (就)...
Lack of tense markers in Chinese makes the 'Present Simple' rule hard for learners to visualize.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
ویدیوهای مرتبط
Related Grammar Rules
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