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A2 adjective #3,500 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

افسرده

afsordeh Top 3,500

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At the A1 level, learners should recognize 'afsorde' as a word for a very strong kind of sadness. While you might not use it yourself often, you should understand it when someone says 'Man afsorde hastam' (I am depressed). At this stage, it's best to focus on the basic 'Subject + Adjective + To Be' structure. You can think of it as 'Super Sad.' It's important to differentiate it from 'khosh-haal' (happy), which is its opposite. You might see it in simple stories or hear it in basic conversations about feelings. The goal is simply to map the sound of the word to the concept of deep unhappiness.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'afsorde' to describe yourself or others in simple sentences. You can now add reasons using 'chon' (because). For example: 'Man afsorde hastam chon hava barani ast' (I am depressed because the weather is rainy). You should also learn the word 'afsurdegi' (depression) as a noun. You start to see the word in short social media posts or simplified news articles. You should be able to ask someone 'Chera afsorde-i?' (Why are you depressed?) and understand that this is a deeper question than just asking if they are sad. You are also introduced to the idea that this word is more serious than 'ghamgin'.

By B1, you should be comfortable using 'afsorde' in various tenses and with different auxiliary verbs. You can describe the onset of the feeling: 'U kam-kam afsorde shod' (He gradually became depressed). You should understand the difference between 'afsorde' (the person) and 'afsorde-konande' (the thing that causes it). You can participate in longer conversations about mental health, hobbies that help with mood, and how the environment affects your state of mind. You might encounter the word in Persian songs or popular movies and understand the emotional weight it carries in those artistic contexts. You can also use adverbs like 'kame' (a little) or 'kheyli' (very) to modify the intensity.

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At the B2 level, you can use 'afsorde' to discuss more abstract or social topics. You can talk about 'nasl-e afsorde' (a depressed generation) or the economic factors that lead to 'afsurdegi' in a society. You understand the nuances between 'afsorde', 'delgir', and 'ma'yus'. You can read psychological articles or blog posts about mental health with good comprehension. Your usage of the word becomes more precise; you know not to use it for a minor inconvenience. You can also handle more complex grammatical structures, such as using it in conditional sentences: 'Agar u ra nabinam, afsorde mishavam' (If I don't see him, I will become depressed).

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the word's etymological roots in 'afsordan' (to wither/freeze). You can appreciate its use in classical and modern poetry, where it might be used metaphorically to describe a landscape or a soul. You can engage in professional or academic discussions about psychology using this term. You understand the cultural stigma or lack thereof surrounding the word in different parts of the Persian-speaking world. You can use it with high-level vocabulary and idiomatic expressions. Your ability to distinguish between clinical depression and existential melancholy using this word and its synonyms is refined.

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At the C2 level, you master the word 'afsorde' in all its poetic, clinical, and colloquial glory. You can write essays or give presentations on the history of melancholy in Persian literature, using 'afsorde' and its derivatives accurately. You can pick up on subtle ironies or hyperboles when the word is used in slang or literature. You understand the full range of its word family and can use archaic forms if necessary for stylistic effect. You are essentially at the level of a native speaker, able to use the word to convey precise emotional states and understand its resonance in the collective Iranian consciousness.

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افسرده in 30 Sekunden

Afsorde means depressed or deeply sad in Persian.
It comes from the root for 'frozen' or 'withered'.
Used clinically for depression and colloquially for being very down.
It is an adjective, often paired with 'budan' (to be) or 'shodan' (to become).

The Persian word افسرده (afsor-de) is a multifaceted adjective that primarily translates to 'depressed,' 'melancholic,' or 'dejected' in English. It is the past participle of the archaic verb افسردن (afsor-dan), which literally means 'to freeze,' 'to wither,' or 'to become cold.' Understanding this etymological root is crucial for a learner, as it illustrates the Persian conceptualization of depression not just as sadness, but as a state of emotional freezing or the withering of one's inner spirit. In modern usage, it is the standard clinical and colloquial term for depression. When someone says they are افسرده, they are signaling a state that goes beyond temporary sadness; it suggests a lingering despondency that affects their energy and outlook on life.

Clinical Context: In a medical or psychological setting, this word is used to describe Major Depressive Disorder (اختلال افسردگی اساسی). It is used by therapists and doctors to diagnose patients who exhibit symptoms of chronic low mood.
Colloquial Usage: Informally, Iranians might use it to describe the 'vibe' of a place or a day. For example, a rainy, grey afternoon might be called 'afsorde-konande' (depressing), though the adjective itself usually applies to people.

او بعد از مرگ گربه‌اش بسیار افسرده شده است.

Translation: He has become very depressed after his cat's death.

The word carries a weight of stillness. Unlike 'ghamgin' (sad), which can be active and expressive (like crying), 'afsorde' implies a lack of movement, a stagnation of the soul. It is often paired with the verb 'shodan' (to become) or 'budan' (to be). In Persian literature, the concept of withering like a flower in the frost is a common metaphor for this state. When you use this word, you are touching upon a deep human experience that is respected in Persian culture, which has a long history of exploring melancholy through poetry and art.

Furthermore, the word is used in various socio-political contexts. For instance, 'nasl-e afsorde' (the depressed generation) is a term sometimes used in sociological discussions about youth in Iran facing economic or social challenges. This demonstrates how the word scales from the individual psyche to the collective experience of a society. The phonetic structure—starting with a soft 'a' and ending with a silent 'h' sound (the 'e' in afsorde)—gives it a breathy, almost sighed quality when spoken, mirroring the exhaustion associated with the state itself.

Using افسرده correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as an adjective and its common verbal pairings. Most frequently, it acts as a predicate adjective following a subject. Because Persian is an SOV (Subject-Object-Verb) language, you will typically find 'afsorde' in the middle of the sentence, followed by a form of 'to be' (budan) or 'to become' (shodan).

With 'To Be' (بودن): Used to describe a current state. 'Man afsorde-am' (I am depressed). This is a direct statement of one's current emotional climate.
With 'To Become' (شدن): Used to describe a change in state or the onset of depression. 'Hava-ye abri mara afsorde mikonad' (Cloudy weather makes me depressed/depresses me).

چرا اینقدر افسرده به نظر می‌رسی؟

Translation: Why do you look so depressed?

When modifying a noun directly, it follows the Ezafe construction. For example, 'yek javun-e afsorde' (a depressed youth). Here, the short 'e' sound (the Ezafe) links the noun 'javun' to the adjective 'afsorde'. It is important to note that adjectives in Persian do not change for gender or number, so 'afsorde' remains the same whether you are talking about a man, a woman, or a group of people.

In more complex sentences, you might see it used with adverbs of degree like 'besyar' (very), 'kame' (a little), or 'hed-e' (extremely). For instance: 'U be shedat afsorde ast' (He is severely depressed). This versatility allows speakers to articulate the spectrum of the emotion accurately. Furthermore, in psychological texts, you will see the noun form 'afsurdegi' (depression) more often than the adjective, but the adjective is the building block for understanding the human condition in Persian dialogue.

In the modern Persian-speaking world, you will encounter افسرده in several distinct environments. Its frequency has increased in urban centers like Tehran, where discussions about mental health have become more normalized and visible in the last two decades. You are likely to hear it in the following contexts:

In Modern Cinema and TV: Iranian cinema is famous for its realism and emotional depth. Characters often struggle with 'afsurdegi.' In movies by directors like Asghar Farhadi, you might hear a character described as 'afsorde' to explain their lack of motivation or their withdrawal from family life.
In Music Lyrics: From classical 'Tasnihs' to modern Persian alternative rock and rap, the theme of the 'depressed lover' or the 'depressed citizen' is prevalent. The word fits well into the rhythmic structure of Persian poetry and songs.

موسیقی ملایم معمولاً برای آدم‌های افسرده آرامش‌بخش است.

Translation: Gentle music is usually soothing for depressed people.

You will also hear it in news reports concerning public health or social issues. For example, a report might discuss 'afsurdegi-ye fasli' (seasonal depression/SAD) during the winter months in colder regions of Iran like Tabriz or Hamedan. In these contexts, the word is used with a level of seriousness and empathy.

Finally, in the healthcare sector, 'afsorde' is the standard term used by psychiatrists (ravan-pezeshk) and psychologists (ravan-shenas). If you visit a clinic in Iran, you will see brochures and posters using this word to raise awareness. It is a word that bridges the gap between the poetic soul of the past and the clinical reality of the present.

For English speakers learning Persian, the most common mistake with افسرده is confusing it with 'ghamgin' (sad). While they are related, they are not interchangeable. 'Ghamgin' is a reaction to an event (like losing a game), whereas 'afsorde' is a state of being. Using 'afsorde' to describe a fleeting moment of sadness can sound overly dramatic to a native speaker.

Mistake: Confusing Depressed vs. Depressing: Learners often say 'In film afsorde ast' (This movie is depressed), which is incorrect. You should say 'In film afsorde-konande ast' (This movie is depressing).
Mistake: Incorrect Verb Pairing: Some learners try to use 'dashtan' (to have) with 'afsorde'. You don't 'have depressed'; you 'are depressed' (afsorde hastam) or you 'have depression' (afsurdegi daram).

اشتباه: من افسرده دارم. (درست: من افسردگی دارم)

Translation: Wrong: I have depressed. (Correct: I have depression)

Another mistake involves the pronunciation of the final 'e'. In Persian, the final 'h' (ه) at the end of words like 'afsorde' acts as a vowel (usually an 'e' or 'eh' sound). English speakers sometimes try to pronounce it as a hard 'h' or omit it entirely. It should be a crisp, short 'e' sound, like the 'e' in 'pet'.

Lastly, be careful with the intensity. Because 'afsorde' is a strong word, using it in a lighthearted way (e.g., 'I'm so depressed they ran out of pizza') might be misunderstood as a genuine cry for help rather than a joke. Persian culture treats mental health with a specific kind of gravity, so choose your words according to the weight of the situation.

To enrich your Persian vocabulary, it is helpful to look at words that occupy the same emotional space as افسرده. Persian is exceptionally rich in 'feeling' words, many of which describe specific types of sadness or melancholy that 'afsorde' might not fully capture.

غمگین (Ghamgin): The most common word for 'sad.' It is less clinical than 'afsorde' and can describe a temporary mood. If you are sad because of a sad story, use 'ghamgin.'
دلگیر (Delgir): Literally 'heart-taking' or 'heart-catching.' It refers to a feeling of gloom or being 'fed up.' It is often used to describe places or weather that make one feel slightly depressed but not clinically so.
مأیوس (Ma'yus): This means 'hopeless' or 'disappointed.' While depression often includes hopelessness, 'ma'yus' specifically points to the loss of hope in a specific outcome.

او نه تنها غمگین، بلکه کاملاً افسرده است.

Translation: He is not just sad, but completely depressed.

Another beautiful alternative is 'del-morde' (دل‌مرده), which literally means 'dead-hearted.' This is a more poetic and intense way to describe someone who has lost all joy and vitality, similar to the etymological root of 'afsorde' (frozen/withered). In formal or literary contexts, you might also encounter 'mahzun' (محزون), which is an Arabic loanword meaning 'sorrowful' or 'mournful,' often used in classical poetry.

Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the word that best matches the intensity and duration of the emotion. While 'afsorde' is the most accurate for a clinical or deep state, 'delgir' might be better for a Sunday evening blues, and 'ghamgin' for a response to a sad piece of news.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The link between 'coldness' and 'depression' is an ancient psychological observation in Persian culture. A 'warm' person is social and happy, while a 'cold' person (or soul) is depressed.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /æf.sɔːr.ˈde/

US /æf.sɔːr.ˈdeɪ/

The stress is on the final syllable: af-sor-DE.

Reimt sich auf

خورده (khorde - eaten) مرده (morde - dead) برده (borde - taken/won) آزرده (azorde - annoyed/hurt) پژمرده (pazhmorde - withered) شمرده (shomorde - counted) سپرده (seporde - entrusted) آورده (avorde - brought)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing the final 'h' as a breathy 'h' instead of a vowel 'e'.
Stress on the first syllable (AF-sorde) which is incorrect.
Making the 'o' sound too much like 'u' (af-sur-de).
Skipping the 'r' sound.
Pronouncing 'af' like 'of'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 2/5

Easy to recognize in text once you know the 'af-' prefix.

Schreiben 3/5

Requires correct spelling of 's' (س) and ending with 'h' (ه).

Sprechen 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward but watch the stress.

Hören 2/5

Common word in media and daily life.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

غمگین سرد بودن شدن دل

Als Nächstes lernen

اضطراب روان‌شناس خوشحالی امید تنهایی

Fortgeschritten

ملال انزوا سرخوردگی پژمردگی خمودگی

Wichtige Grammatik

Ezafe Construction

آدمِ افسرده (Adam-e afsorde)

Adjective as Predicate

او افسرده است.

Causative Verbs

او مرا افسرده کرد. (He made me depressed.)

Subjunctive with 'Want'

نمی‌خواهم افسرده باشم.

Past Participle as Adjective

افسرده (from افسردن)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

من افسرده هستم.

I am depressed.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb structure.

او افسرده نیست.

He/she is not depressed.

Negative form of 'to be'.

آیا تو افسرده‌ای؟

Are you depressed?

Question form using the short 'i' suffix for 'you are'.

سارا امروز کمی افسرده است.

Sara is a little depressed today.

Using 'kame' (a little) as a modifier.

گربه من افسرده است.

My cat is depressed.

Possessive 'man' after 'gorbe'.

این فیلم افسرده است؟

Is this movie depressing? (Note: Informally used this way)

Simple question.

او همیشه افسرده است.

He is always depressed.

Using 'hamishe' (always).

دوست من افسرده بود.

My friend was depressed.

Past tense of 'to be' (bud).

من افسرده شدم چون باران آمد.

I became depressed because it rained.

Using 'shodam' (became) and 'chon' (because).

چرا اینقدر افسرده به نظر می‌رسی؟

Why do you look so depressed?

Using 'be nazar residan' (to look/seem).

او بعد از امتحان افسرده شد.

He became depressed after the exam.

Using 'ba'd az' (after).

این آهنگ مرا افسرده می‌کند.

This song makes me depressed.

Transitive use with 'mikonad'.

آیا افسردگی بیماری است؟

Is depression a disease?

Using the noun 'afsurdegi'.

او خیلی افسرده به نظر می‌آید.

He seems very depressed.

Using 'be nazar amadan' (to seem).

من نمی‌خواهم افسرده باشم.

I don't want to be depressed.

Subjunctive mood after 'mikhaaham'.

او یک مرد افسرده است.

He is a depressed man.

Ezafe construction 'mard-e afsorde'.

اگر ورزش نکنی، ممکن است افسرده شوی.

If you don't exercise, you might become depressed.

Conditional sentence.

او به خاطر تنهایی افسرده شده است.

He has become depressed due to loneliness.

Present perfect tense.

دکتر گفت که او کمی افسرده است.

The doctor said that he is a little depressed.

Reported speech.

من هیچ‌وقت اینقدر افسرده نبوده‌ام.

I have never been this depressed.

Negative present perfect.

او سعی می‌کند افسرده نباشد.

He tries not to be depressed.

Negative subjunctive.

هوای پاییز معمولاً آدم را افسرده می‌کند.

Autumn weather usually makes one depressed.

General statement.

او از یک زندگی افسرده فرار کرد.

He escaped from a depressed life.

Adjective modifying 'zendegi'.

چرا همه در این شهر افسرده هستند؟

Why is everyone in this city depressed?

Plural subject and verb.

افسردگی فصلی در مناطق سردسیر شایع است.

Seasonal depression is common in cold regions.

Scientific/General fact.

او سال‌هاست که با حالت‌های افسرده دست و پنجه نرم می‌کند.

He has been struggling with depressed moods for years.

Idiomatic expression 'dast o panje narm kardan'.

بیکاری یکی از دلایل اصلی افسرده شدن جوانان است.

Unemployment is one of the main reasons for youth becoming depressed.

Gerund-like use of 'afsorde shodan'.

او چنان افسرده بود که حتی نمی‌توانست از تخت بلند شود.

He was so depressed that he couldn't even get out of bed.

Consecutive clause with 'chonan... ke'.

جامعه‌شناسان نگران نسل افسرده هستند.

Sociologists are worried about the depressed generation.

Professional context.

این دارو به بیماران افسرده کمک می‌کند.

This medicine helps depressed patients.

Adjective modifying a plural noun.

او با وجود موفقیت، هنوز احساس افسردگی می‌کند.

Despite success, he still feels depressed.

Contrast using 'ba vojud-e'.

نباید اجازه دهیم این شرایط ما را افسرده کند.

We shouldn't let these conditions depress us.

Causative structure.

در اشعار او، طبیعت نیز مانند شاعر افسرده به نظر می‌رسد.

In his poems, nature also seems depressed like the poet.

Literary analysis.

واژه «افسرده» در اصل به معنای منجمد و یخ‌زده است.

The word 'afsorde' originally means frozen and iced.

Etymological explanation.

او در حصار افکار افسرده‌اش زندانی شده بود.

He was imprisoned within the fence of his depressed thoughts.

Metaphorical usage.

فلسفه پوچی می‌تواند منجر به نگاهی افسرده به جهان شود.

The philosophy of absurdism can lead to a depressed view of the world.

Academic context.

او با لحنی افسرده و بی‌رمق سخن می‌گفت.

He spoke with a depressed and lifeless tone.

Descriptive adverbs/adjectives.

این معماری سرد و بی‌روح، هر بیننده‌ای را افسرده می‌کند.

This cold and soulless architecture depresses every viewer.

Art criticism.

او از پسِ نقابِ شادی، چهره‌ای افسرده داشت.

Behind the mask of happiness, he had a depressed face.

Complex metaphorical structure.

رکود اقتصادی باعث ایجاد فضایی افسرده در بازار شده است.

Economic recession has created a depressed atmosphere in the market.

Metaphorical use in economics.

تجلی افسردگی در آثار هنری قرن بیستم بی‌سابقه است.

The manifestation of depression in 20th-century artworks is unprecedented.

High-level academic discourse.

او در اعماقِ وجودش، روحی افسرده و سرخورده را پنهان کرده بود.

In the depths of his being, he had hidden a depressed and disillusioned soul.

Sophisticated literary description.

واکاوی علل افسردگی در جوامع مدرن امری ضروری است.

Analyzing the causes of depression in modern societies is an essential matter.

Formal analytical language.

او با بیانی که بوی افسردگی می‌داد، از آرزوهای بربادرفته‌اش گفت.

With an expression that smelled of depression, he spoke of his shattered dreams.

Synesthetic metaphor.

این متن به بررسی تطبیقی مفهوم «افسرده» در ادب پارسی می‌پردازد.

This text deals with a comparative study of the concept of 'depressed' in Persian literature.

Research-oriented sentence.

گاه تنهایی، نه یک انتخاب، بلکه فرجامی افسرده برای او بود.

Sometimes solitude was not a choice, but a depressed fate for him.

Existential tone.

او در چنبره افسردگی مزمن گرفتار شده و راه گریزی نمی‌یافت.

He was caught in the grip of chronic depression and found no way out.

Advanced idiomatic 'chanbare'.

سیاست‌های غلط، ملتی را افسرده و ناامید ساخته است.

Wrong policies have made a nation depressed and hopeless.

Political commentary.

Häufige Kollokationen

بسیار افسرده

افسرده و تنها

دچارِ افسردگی

حالتِ افسرده

افسرده شدن

افسرده ساختن

چهره افسرده

افسرده و ناامید

کمی افسرده

نسل افسرده

Häufige Phrasen

افسرده‌ام نکن

— Don't make me depressed/sad.

با این حرف‌ها افسرده‌ام نکن.

آدم افسرده

— A depressed person.

او آدم افسرده‌ای است.

خیلی افسرده‌کننده است

— It is very depressing.

این محیط خیلی افسرده‌کننده است.

حس افسردگی

— Feeling of depression.

حس افسردگی عجیبی دارم.

افسرده و غمگین

— Depressed and sad (doubling for emphasis).

او تمام روز افسرده و غمگین بود.

از شدت افسردگی

— Due to the intensity of depression.

او از شدت افسردگی نمی‌توانست بخوابد.

دنیای افسرده

— A depressed world.

او در دنیای افسرده خودش زندگی می‌کند.

افسرده به نظر رسیدن

— To look depressed.

تو چرا اینقدر افسرده به نظر می‌رسی؟

درمان افسردگی

— Treatment of depression.

او به دنبال درمان افسردگی است.

علائم افسردگی

— Symptoms of depression.

او علائم افسردگی را دارد.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

افسرده vs غمگین

Ghamgin is temporary sadness; Afsorde is deeper depression.

افسرده vs خسته

Khaste means tired, but often people use it when they are emotionally drained/depressed.

افسرده vs عصبانی

Asabani means angry, which is an active emotion, unlike the stillness of afsorde.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"دل‌مرده بودن"

— To be dead-hearted; to have no joy or vitality left.

او بعد از آن اتفاق، کاملاً دل‌مرده شده است.

Informal/Poetic

"کشتی‌هایش غرق شده"

— Literally 'his ships have sunk'; used for someone looking very depressed/despondent.

چرا اینقدر ناراحتی؟ انگار کشتی‌هایت غرق شده‌اند!

Informal

"زانو غم بغل گرفتن"

— To sit with one's knees hugged in grief; to mope.

بسه دیگه، اینقدر زانوی غم بغل نگیر!

Informal

"دلم گرفته"

— Literally 'my heart is caught/tight'; a very common way to say one feels depressed or gloomy.

امروز دلم گرفته، بیا بریم بیرون.

Neutral

"دنیا روی سرش خراب شدن"

— The world collapsing on one's head; to feel extreme depression/despair.

وقتی خبر را شنید، انگار دنیا روی سرش خراب شد.

Informal

"مثل مار تیرخورده"

— Like a snake hit by an arrow; used for someone in deep, restless agony/depression.

از شدت ناراحتی مثل مار تیرخورده به خودش می‌پیچید.

Literary

"خونِ جگر خوردن"

— To eat the blood of the liver; to suffer deep, silent sorrow/depression.

او سال‌ها خون جگر خورد و حرفی نزد.

Literary

"آبِ خوش از گلویش پایین نمی‌رود"

— Pleasant water doesn't go down his throat; he is too depressed to enjoy anything.

از وقتی او رفته، یک آب خوش از گلویش پایین نرفته.

Informal

"کارد بزنی خونش در نمی‌آید"

— If you hit him with a knife, blood won't come out; used for someone so depressed/angry they are numb.

آنقدر افسرده است که کارد بزنی خونش در نمی‌آید.

Informal

"سیاه‌پوشِ غم"

— Dressed in black of grief; to be in a state of deep depression.

او همیشه سیاه‎‌پوشِ غمِ گذشته است.

Poetic

Leicht verwechselbar

افسرده vs افسرده‌کننده

Ends similarly.

Afsorde is the feeling (depressed); Afsorde-konande is the cause (depressing).

این فیلم افسرده‌کننده است، پس من افسرده شدم.

افسرده vs آزرده

Sounds similar.

Azorde means annoyed or hurt/offended, not necessarily depressed.

او از حرف من آزرده شد.

افسرده vs پژمرده

Same root meaning (withered).

Pazhmorde is mostly for plants or physical appearance of tiredness.

گل‌ها پژمرده شدند.

افسرده vs مرده

Rhymes.

Morde means dead.

او مرده است.

افسرده vs خورده

Rhymes.

Khorde means eaten or small/fragmented.

او غذا خورده است.

Satzmuster

[Subject] [Adjective] [To Be].

من افسرده هستم.

[Subject] به نظر [Adjective] می‌رسد.

او افسرده به نظر می‌رسد.

[Something] [Object] را [Adjective] می‌کند.

این خبر مرا افسرده می‌کند.

با وجود [Noun], [Subject] [Adjective] است.

با وجود پول، او افسرده است.

[Noun]ِ [Adjective] نشان‌دهنده [Something] است.

چهره افسرده او نشان‌دهنده غمش است.

در پسِ [Noun], روحی [Adjective] نهفته است.

در پسِ لبخندش، روحی افسرده نهفته است.

اگر [Verb], [Adjective] می‌شوم.

اگر نیایی، افسرده می‌شوم.

چرا [Subject] اینقدر [Adjective] است؟

چرا هوا اینقدر افسرده است؟

Wortfamilie

Substantive

افسردگی (afsurdegi - depression)

افسردگی اساسی (afsurdegi-ye asasi - major depression)

Verben

افسردن (afsordan - to wither/freeze/become depressed)

افسردگی گرفتن (afsurdegi gereftan - to get depression)

Adjektive

افسرده (afsorde - depressed)

افسرده‌کننده (afsorde-konande - depressing)

افسرده‌حال (afsorde-haal - in a depressed state)

Verwandt

غم (gham - sadness)

اندوه (anduh - grief)

ملال (malal - boredom/melancholy)

دلمردگی (del-mordegi - vitality loss)

یاس (ya's - despair)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

High in emotional and medical contexts.

Häufige Fehler

من افسرده دارم. → من افسردگی دارم.
You cannot 'have' an adjective. You 'have' the noun (depression).
این کتاب افسرده است. → این کتاب افسرده‌کننده است.
A book cannot feel depressed; it can only cause depression.
او خیلی افسرده بود کرد. → او خیلی افسرده شد.
Use 'shodan' (to become) for changes in state.
Pronouncing it 'Af-sor-deh' with a loud H. → Af-sor-de (short vowel).
The final 'h' is a vowel marker in this case.
Using 'afsorde' for being 'annoyed'. → Using 'asabani' or 'narahat'.
'Afsorde' is specifically about deep sadness/depression.

Tipps

Verb Agreement

Make sure your verb matches the subject. 'Man afsorde-AM', 'Tu afsorde-I', 'U afsorde-AST'.

Noun vs Adjective

Don't forget: Afsorde = Depressed, Afsurdegi = Depression. Don't mix them up!

Empathy

When someone says they are 'afsorde', listen with empathy. It's a strong word in Persian culture.

Final E

The final 'e' is short. Don't let it turn into a long 'ee' sound.

Spelling

The word uses 'sin' (س), not 'sad' (ص). Remember 'S' for 'Sad/Afsorde'.

Weather

Use 'delgir' for the weather more often than 'afsorde' to sound more native.

Poetic Flair

If you want to be more poetic, use 'afsorde-haal' to describe someone's state.

Rhymes

Practice with rhyming words like 'morde' and 'khorde' to get the vowel sounds right.

Support

Common response: 'Chera? Chi shode?' (Why? What happened?)

Root

Remember the 'frozen' root to remember the 'stuck' feeling of depression.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Af-SOR-de' as 'After-Sore-Day'. After a sore, painful day, you feel depressed (afsorde).

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a flower covered in frost (frozen/afsorde). It can't move or grow; it is stuck in the cold.

Word Web

Sadness Ice Winter Therapy Poetry Stillness Withered Melancholy

Herausforderung

Try to use 'afsorde' in a sentence describing the weather, then a sentence describing a character in a book.

Wortherkunft

Comes from the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) word 'afsurdan'. The prefix 'af-' is related to 'abi-' (towards/down) and the root 'sur-' is related to cold or freezing.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: To freeze or to become cold/stiff. It was used to describe water turning into ice or flowers withering in the frost.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when using this word about others; mental health can still be a sensitive topic in some traditional families.

English speakers might use 'depressed' lightly, but in Persian, 'afsorde' is usually quite heavy. Use 'ghamgin' for light sadness.

Sadegh Hedayat's 'The Blind Owl' (masterpiece of 'afsorde' literature). Poetry of Forough Farrokhzad. The film 'The Salesman' by Asghar Farhadi.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

At a doctor's office

من همیشه خسته‌ام.
اشتها ندارم.
احساس افسردگی می‌کنم.
خوابم نمی‌برد.

Talking to a friend

دلم گرفته.
حوصله ندارم.
چرا افسرده‌ای؟
بیا حرف بزنیم.

Discussing a movie

فیلم خیلی تلخی بود.
آخرش افسرده شدم.
موضوعش افسردگی بود.
خیلی غمگین بود.

Weather

این هوا آدم را افسرده می‌کند.
پاییز دلگیر است.
نور خورشید لازم دارم.
زمستان سختی است.

Work/School

خیلی تحت فشارم.
انگیزه ندارم.
خسته و افسرده‌ام.
نیاز به استراحت دارم.

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا تا به حال در فصل زمستان احساس افسردگی کرده‌ای؟"

"به نظر تو بهترین راه برای کمک به یک دوست افسرده چیست؟"

"چرا بعضی از فیلم‌ها ما را افسرده می‌کنند؟"

"آیا موسیقی می‌تواند به درمان افسردگی کمک کند؟"

"تفاوت بین غمگین بودن و افسرده بودن در چیست؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

زمانی را توصیف کن که احساس افسردگی می‌کردی و چه چیزی به تو کمک کرد.

آیا فکر می‌کنی تکنولوژی و فضای مجازی باعث افسرده‌تر شدن مردم شده است؟

یک نامه به خودِ افسرده‌ات در گذشته بنویس و به او امید بده.

چگونه محیط زندگی (مثل رنگ اتاق یا نور) بر روحیه ما تاثیر می‌گذارد؟

نقش هنر و شعر در بیان احساسات افسرده چیست؟

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, it is not a bad word. It is a standard adjective for depression. However, like in English, it is a serious word to use about someone's mental health.

Usually, you should use 'afsorde-konande' (depressing) for a movie. If you say the movie is 'afsorde', it sounds like the movie itself has feelings.

The most direct opposite is 'shaad' (happy) or 'por-shur' (full of passion/excitement).

You say 'Man afsurdegi daram' (من افسردگی دارم). Using the noun 'afsurdegi' with 'dashtan' (to have).

Yes, very often. It often describes the heart (del) or the soul (ruh) in a state of stillness or sorrow.

In modern Persian, people almost never use it to mean 'frozen' in a physical sense. They use 'yakh-zade' for that. 'Afsorde' is now almost exclusively emotional.

Yes, you can describe a sad pet as 'afsorde'.

Younger people might say 'faze depo' (short for depression) or 'faze gham'.

The 'r' in Persian is slightly tapped, similar to the Spanish 'r' but softer. It is not the American 'r'.

Yes, it's considered A2 because it's a fundamental word for expressing well-being and common health states.

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