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B2 verb 9 Min. Lesezeit

انتزاع کردن

enteza kardan
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At the A1 level, you don't really need to use 'entezā' kardan' because it is very formal. However, you can think of it as a fancy way to say 'taking something out'. Imagine you have a box of toys and you take one out to look at it closely. That 'taking out' is the basic idea. In simple Persian, we say 'birun āvardan' (to bring out) or 'jodā kardan' (to separate). You might hear this word in very formal schools, but for now, just remember it means taking one thing away from a group to focus on it. It is like picking a flower from a garden. You are 'extracting' it. But remember, this word is for grown-ups and books, not for playing with friends!
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At the A2 level, you start to learn more compound verbs. 'Entezā' kardan' is a hard one because it's not used for physical things like food or clothes. It is used for 'taking' something that you can't always touch, like a 'right' or a 'concept'. If a teacher says 'entezā' kardan', they usually mean they want to take a small part of a story and talk about it. It's more formal than 'jodā kardan'. Think of it as 'selective separation'. In A2, you might see it in a simple news headline about a city being 'separated' from a province. It's a 'book word' (Rasmi). Always use it with 'az' (from). Example: 'Separating (entezā') a city from a province.'
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At the B1 level, you are moving into intermediate territory where you discuss more complex topics like art and society. 'Entezā' kardan' becomes useful when you want to describe how an artist doesn't draw everything exactly as it is, but instead 'abstracts' the shapes. If you see a painting that is just circles and lines, that is 'abstract art' (honar-e entezā'i). The artist 'entezā' kard' (abstracted) those shapes from real life. You also see this in law. If the government takes a piece of land to build a road, they 'entezā'' (extract/remove) the ownership from the person. It's a very precise word. It shows you are moving beyond basic vocabulary into professional Persian.
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At the B2 level, 'entezā' kardan' is a key vocabulary item. You should use it to describe cognitive processes. It's the mental act of 'abstraction'. When you look at many different cats and form the general idea of 'cat-ness', you are performing 'entezā''. In academic writing, you use it to explain how you derived a conclusion from data. It's also vital for understanding Iranian administrative changes—whenever a new ministry is formed by taking departments from old ones, the word 'entezā'' is used. You must master the structure: [Subject] + [Object] + را + از + [Source] + انتزاع کردن. This verb marks you as an upper-intermediate learner who can handle abstract thought in Persian.
At the C1 level, you should be comfortable using 'entezā' kardan' in philosophical, legal, and high-level critical discourse. You understand the nuance between 'entezā'' (abstraction/detachment) and 'tajrid' (pure abstraction/purification). You can use it to discuss the 'entezā'-e malekiyat' (expropriation of property) in legal arguments or the 'entezā'-e mafāhim' (abstraction of concepts) in epistemology. You recognize that 'entezā'' is not just 'taking away' but a systematic process of isolation for the sake of analysis. Your use of this verb should be effortless in essays and formal debates, reflecting a deep grasp of the Arabic-derived formal lexicon of modern Persian.
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At the C2 level, 'entezā' kardan' is part of your specialized toolkit for discussing the finest points of Iranian law, Islamic philosophy, and modern linguistics. You are aware of its historical development from the Arabic root and how it functions in classical texts versus modern bureaucratic language. You can use it to describe the 'entezā'' of universal truths from the flux of sensory experience, or the 'entezā'' of specific legal jurisdictions in constitutional law. You also understand its derivatives like 'muntaza'' (that which is abstracted). At this level, you don't just use the word; you understand its ontological implications in Persian thought and can play with its formal registers in both writing and oratory.
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انتزاع کردن in 30 Sekunden

  • Entezā' kardan means to extract or abstract.
  • It is highly formal and used in philosophy, law, and art.
  • It comes from the Arabic root for pulling or snatching.
  • It requires the preposition 'az' (from) and the marker 'rā'.

The Persian compound verb انتزاع کردن (entezā' kardan) is a sophisticated term primarily used in formal, academic, and intellectual contexts. At its core, it describes the act of 'pulling something out' or 'taking something away' from a larger whole. However, its usage has branched into two distinct paths: the physical/legal and the conceptual/philosophical. In a physical or legal sense, it refers to the removal or expropriation of property or rights. In a cognitive or philosophical sense, which is more common in modern B2-level Persian, it refers to the process of abstraction—the mental act of isolating a specific property or general idea from concrete instances.

Etymological Root
Derived from the Arabic root 'ن-ز-ع' (n-z-'), which conveys the sense of plucking, snatching, or removing something with a degree of force or precision. In Persian, this is combined with the auxiliary verb 'کردن' to form a transitive verb.

دانشمندان سعی می‌کنند قوانین کلی را از پدیده‌های طبیعی انتزاع کنند.

Translation: Scientists try to abstract general laws from natural phenomena.

When you encounter this word in a newspaper or a textbook, it often signifies a high-level analysis. For example, a critic might talk about how an artist 'abstracts' (entezā' mikonad) shapes from nature to create a painting. In legal documents, it might appear when discussing the 'extraction' or 'taking away' of ownership rights. It is not a word you would typically use while buying groceries; it belongs to the classroom, the courtroom, and the art gallery. Understanding this word allows a learner to navigate complex discussions about theory, law, and artistic expression.

Philosophical Context
In Islamic philosophy (Falsafa), 'entezā'' is the process by which the mind moves from 'particulars' (joz'iyyāt) to 'universals' (kolliyyāt). It is the mechanism of human reason.

ذهن انسان قادر است مفهوم 'زیبایی' را از اشیاء زیبا انتزاع کند.

Furthermore, the word is essential in modern political science. When a territory is 'separated' or 'detached' from a larger administrative body, 'entezā'' is the formal term used to describe that administrative removal. This versatility makes it a powerhouse verb for anyone looking to achieve C1/C2 proficiency, though it is introduced at B2 as students begin to read more analytical texts.

Legal Usage
In Iranian law, the 'entezā'' of property refers to the legal act of removing possession from one party to another, often by state decree.

دادگاه حکم به انتزاع مالکیت زمین از شرکت را صادر کرد.

هنرمند با انتزاع کردن خطوط از طبیعت، سبکی نو آفرید.

Using انتزاع کردن correctly requires an understanding of its transitive nature. It always takes a direct object—the thing being removed or the concept being formed. In Persian grammar, this object is followed by the post-position 'را' (rā). Additionally, the source from which something is abstracted is usually introduced by the preposition 'از' (az), meaning 'from'. This structure follows the pattern: [Subject] + [Concept/Object] + را + از + [Source] + انتزاع می‌کند.

The Philosophical Pattern
When talking about ideas: 'Philosophers abstract (entezā' mikonand) truth from reality.'

فیلسوفان مفاهیم اخلاقی را از رفتارهای انسانی انتزاع می‌کنند.

In administrative or technical Persian, the verb can be used to describe the separation of departments or functions. For instance, if a ministry is split, the act of 'extracting' one department to create a new one uses this verb. This is highly common in governmental reports. Notice how the formal tone is maintained throughout the sentence.

The Administrative Pattern
'The department of environment was abstracted (entezā' shod) from the ministry of agriculture.'

بخش بازرگانی از وزارت صنعت انتزاع شد و به سازمان جدیدی پیوست.

One must also be careful with the passive form. Since 'entezā' kardan' is active, its passive counterpart is 'entezā' shodan'. This is used when the focus is on the object being removed rather than the person doing the removing. In academic writing, the passive voice is often preferred to sound more objective and scholarly.

این ایده صرفاً با انتزاع کردن از واقعیت به دست آمده است.

In artistic criticism, the verb is used to describe how an artist simplifies a complex scene. 'The painter abstracted the essence of the forest.' Here, the verb implies a deliberate and creative reduction. It suggests that the artist is not just 'drawing' but 'extracting' the soul of the subject.

Artistic Usage
Use 'entezā' kardan' when discussing the transition from realism to abstraction in art history.

پیکاسو با انتزاع کردن چهره، به فرم‌های هندسی رسید.

You are unlikely to hear انتزاع کردن in a casual conversation at a Tehran bazaar or during a family dinner. Its habitat is the intellectual and professional sphere of Iranian society. If you tune into a documentary on Channel 4 (the 'intellectual' channel in Iran) or listen to a podcast about philosophy or sociology, the word will appear frequently. It is a hallmark of the 'educated' register (Ketābi or Rasmi).

University Lectures
Professors in humanities and social sciences use it to explain how theories are constructed. 'We must abstract the variables from the environment.'

در این مرحله، باید متغیرهای اصلی را از محیط انتزاع کنیم.

Another common place is in news broadcasts concerning government restructuring. Iran's administrative system often undergoes changes where one organization is 'detached' (entezā' midahand) from a ministry and attached to another. News anchors will use the noun form 'انتزاع' (entezā') or the verb 'انتزاع یافتن' (to be abstracted/detached) to describe these bureaucratic shifts.

News & Media
Headlines often read: 'The separation (entezā') of the Housing Department from the Ministry of Roads.'

طرح انتزاع بخش آموزش از وزارت بهداشت در مجلس بررسی شد.

In the art world, particularly in Tehran's vibrant gallery scene, critics use the related adjective 'entezā'i' (abstract) and the verb to describe the process of creation. A painter might say in an interview, 'I tried to abstract the feeling of loneliness from the city streets.' This usage highlights the creative and emotional dimension of the word.

او می‌خواهد مفاهیم معنوی را از فرم‌های مادی انتزاع کند.

Lastly, legal professionals and law students use it when discussing 'property rights' and 'expropriation'. If the government takes land to build a highway, the legal process involves the 'entezā'' of that land from the owner. It is a technical term that carries the weight of law and authority.

Legal Records
'The extraction of the right to use the land.' (entezā'-e haqq-e entefā')

قانونگذار شرایط انتزاع اموال عمومی را مشخص کرده است.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing انتزاع کردن with words that sound similar or have overlapping meanings but different registers. The most common confusion is with انتظار داشتن (entezār dāshtan), which means 'to expect' or 'to wait'. While they share the same first three letters in transcription, their meanings and roots are entirely different. 'Entezār' comes from the root N-Z-R (to look/wait), whereas 'Entezā'' comes from N-Z-' (to pull/remove).

Confusion with 'Entezār'
Mistake: 'Man entezā' mikonam ke dars tamām shavad.' (I abstract that the class ends). Correct: 'Man entezār dāram...' (I expect...).

نباید انتزاع را با انتظار اشتباه گرفت.

Another mistake involves overusing the word in casual settings. Using 'entezā' kardan' when you simply mean 'to separate' (jodā kardan) or 'to take out' (birun āvardan) can make you sound overly formal or even pretentious. If you are taking a thorn out of your finger, do not say 'entezā' kardam'; say 'birun keshidam'. Reserve 'entezā'' for ideas, legal rights, or administrative units.

Register Mismatch
Avoid using this word in daily chores. It is for the mind and the law, not for the kitchen or the garden.

اشتباه: من نمک را از غذا انتزاع کردم. (Wrong: I abstracted salt from the food).

Learners also struggle with the preposition. Since 'entezā'' implies removal, it must be paired with 'az' (from). Forgetting the 'az' or using 'ba' (with) is a common grammatical error. Also, ensure the direct object is clearly marked with 'rā'. Without 'rā', the sentence structure collapses in formal Persian.

درست: او مفهوم را از متن انتزاع کرد.

Finally, watch out for the adjective 'entezā'i'. Learners sometimes use the verb when they should use the adjective 'abstract'. For example, saying 'This painting abstracts' (In naghashi entezā' mikonad) is different from saying 'This painting is abstract' (In naghashi entezā'i ast). The verb implies an action, while the adjective describes a state or style.

Verb vs Adjective
Verb (Action): Entezā' kardan. Adjective (Description): Entezā'i. Don't swap them!

هنر انتزاعی با عملِ انتزاع کردن پدید می‌آید.

Persian is rich with synonyms for 'removal' and 'separation', but each carries a specific nuance. Understanding these differences is key to mastering the B2 level. The most common alternative is جدا کردن (jodā kardan). This is the neutral, everyday word for 'to separate'. It can be used for anything from separating clothes to separating people. It lacks the intellectual and formal 'flavor' of 'entezā' kardan'.

Comparison: Jodā vs Entezā'
'Jodā kardan' is physical and general. 'Entezā' kardan' is mental, legal, or formal.

مادر سیب‌های خراب را جدا کرد. (Physical/Everyday)

Another important synonym is استخراج کردن (estekhrāj kardan), which means 'to extract'. This is used specifically for resources like oil, minerals, or data from a database. While 'entezā'' is about pulling out an idea or a right, 'estekhrāj' is about pulling out a substance or information.

Comparison: Estekhrāj vs Entezā'
'Estekhrāj' is for oil, gold, or data. 'Entezā'' is for concepts, laws, or administrative units.

آنها نفت را از زمین استخراج می‌کنند.

In purely philosophical contexts, you might encounter تجرید کردن (tajrid kardan). This word is almost identical to 'entezā' kardan' when it means 'to abstract'. However, 'tajrid' often carries a sense of 'purification' or 'stripping away' to reach a spiritual or pure state. It is even more formal than 'entezā'' and is mostly found in classical literature or high-level mysticism.

Finally, in legal contexts, سلب کردن (salb kardan) is used for 'taking away' rights or properties. While 'entezā'' is the act of separation, 'salb' is the act of deprivation. For example, 'salb-e āzādi' (deprivation of freedom). 'Entezā'' is more about the administrative or conceptual removal of the right.

Comparison: Salb vs Entezā'
'Salb' means 'to deprive' (usually negative). 'Entezā'' means 'to detach' or 'to abstract' (usually neutral/analytical).

دولت حق مالکیت را از او سلب کرد.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

In old Arabic, the root was often used for pulling a bowstring or plucking feathers from a bird. Today, in Persian, it is used for the highest levels of human thought!

Aussprachehilfe

UK /entezɒː kerdæn/
US /entezɑː kerdæn/
The primary stress is on the last syllable of the noun 'entezā'' and the last syllable of the verb 'kardán'.
Reimt sich auf
اختراع (ekhterā') ارتفاع (ertefā') اجتماع (ejtemā') اقناع (eqnā') اوضاع (owzā') نزاع (nezā') وداع (vedā') شعاع (sho'ā')
Häufige Fehler
  • Pronouncing it as 'entezar' (with an 'r' at the end).
  • Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
  • Failing to pronounce the long 'ā' clearly.
  • Confusing the 'z' sound with 's'.
  • Swallowing the 'n' in 'entezā''.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

Requires understanding of formal roots and complex sentence structures.

Schreiben 5/5

Hard to use correctly without sounding pretentious or making grammatical slips with 'rā' and 'az'.

Sprechen 5/5

Rarely used in speech except in formal presentations.

Hören 4/5

Must be distinguished from 'entezār' in fast speech.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

جدا کردن برداشتن مفهوم واقعیت حق

Als Nächstes lernen

تجرید استنباط تحلیل ترکیب تعمیم

Fortgeschritten

ماهیت وجود عرض جوهر منطق

Wichtige Grammatik

Compound Verb Formation

Noun (انتزاع) + Auxiliary (کردن) = Verb.

Direct Object Marker (Rā)

مفهوم **را** انتزاع کرد.

Prepositional Complement (Az)

انتزاع کردن **از** واقعیت.

Passive Construction with Shodan

این بخش انتزاع **شد**.

Causative Form (Rare)

انتزاع کردن (Active) -> انتزاعاندن (Non-existent, use 'majbur be entezā' kard').

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

او یک گل را از باغچه انتزاع کرد.

He extracted a flower from the garden.

A1 usage is rare; 'jodā kard' is better here.

2

باید این بخش را انتزاع کنیم.

We must extract this part.

Simple transitive structure with 'rā'.

3

او کتاب را از قفسه انتزاع کرد.

He removed the book from the shelf.

Very formal way to say 'taking out'.

4

این تکه را انتزاع کن.

Extract this piece.

Imperative form.

5

آنها نام او را از لیست انتزاع کردند.

They removed his name from the list.

Formal administrative context.

6

ما باید حقیقت را انتزاع کنیم.

We must extract the truth.

Metaphorical use.

7

او رنگ قرمز را انتزاع کرد.

He extracted the red color.

Simple object-verb agreement.

8

آیا می‌توانیم این را انتزاع کنیم؟

Can we extract this?

Question form with 'tavānestan'.

1

دولت این شهر را از استان انتزاع کرد.

The government separated this city from the province.

Common administrative usage.

2

او سعی کرد معنی را از جمله انتزاع کند.

He tried to extract the meaning from the sentence.

Infinitive 'kardan' used with 'sa'y kardan'.

3

این بخش از سازمان انتزاع شده است.

This part has been abstracted from the organization.

Passive voice: 'entezā' shodeh ast'.

4

نویسنده ایده‌ها را از واقعیت انتزاع می‌کند.

The writer abstracts ideas from reality.

Present continuous sense.

5

ما باید این قانون را انتزاع کنیم.

We must abstract this law.

Modal verb 'bāyad'.

6

او یک مفهوم کلی را انتزاع کرد.

He abstracted a general concept.

Simple past tense.

7

آنها حق او را انتزاع کردند.

They took away his right.

Legal context.

8

آیا انتزاع کردن این بخش لازم است؟

Is it necessary to extract this part?

Gerund form 'entezā' kardan'.

1

هنرمند فرم‌های ساده را از طبیعت انتزاع می‌کند.

The artist abstracts simple forms from nature.

B1 focus on art and creativity.

2

او توانست زیبایی را از زشتی انتزاع کند.

He was able to abstract beauty from ugliness.

Abstract direct object.

3

این ایده از تجربیات گذشته انتزاع شده است.

This idea has been abstracted from past experiences.

Passive perfect tense.

4

ما باید مفاهیم کلیدی را از متن انتزاع کنیم.

We must abstract the key concepts from the text.

Plural object.

5

او مالکیت زمین را از شرکت انتزاع کرد.

He extracted the land ownership from the company.

Legal/Administrative nuance.

6

ذهن چگونه مفاهیم را انتزاع می‌کند؟

How does the mind abstract concepts?

Interrogative sentence.

7

آنها بخش جدیدی را از وزارتخانه انتزاع کردند.

They detached a new department from the ministry.

Formal government context.

8

با انتزاع کردن این بخش، کار ساده‌تر می‌شود.

By extracting this part, the work becomes easier.

Using 'bā' + gerund to show means.

1

فلاسفه مفاهیم انتزاعی را از حقایق جزیی انتزاع می‌کنند.

Philosophers abstract abstract concepts from particular truths.

B2 focus on higher-level philosophy.

2

در این نقاشی، هنرمند احساس ترس را انتزاع کرده است.

In this painting, the artist has abstracted the feeling of fear.

Present perfect tense.

3

قانون جدید اجازه انتزاع اموال را به دولت می‌دهد.

The new law allows the government to expropriate property.

Noun form 'entezā'' in a compound phrase.

4

باید بین واقعیت و آنچه انتزاع می‌کنیم تفاوت قائل شویم.

We must differentiate between reality and what we abstract.

Relative clause 'ānche...'.

5

او با مهارت، جوهره مطلب را از سخنرانی انتزاع کرد.

He skillfully abstracted the essence of the matter from the speech.

Adverbial phrase 'bā mahārat'.

6

این نظریه از مشاهدات علمی انتزاع شده است.

This theory has been abstracted from scientific observations.

Scientific register.

7

آیا می‌توان عدالت را از قانون انتزاع کرد؟

Can justice be abstracted from the law?

Passive infinitive structure.

8

او مفاهیم ریاضی را از اشیاء فیزیکی انتزاع کرد.

He abstracted mathematical concepts from physical objects.

Categorical abstraction.

1

در معرفت‌شناسی، انتزاع کردن فرآیندی برای رسیدن به کلیات است.

In epistemology, abstraction is a process for reaching universals.

C1 Academic register.

2

منتقد معتقد است که شاعر، درد را از کلمات انتزاع کرده است.

The critic believes that the poet has abstracted pain from words.

Subordinate clause with 'ke'.

3

انتزاع کردنِ قدرت از نهادهای مدنی، پیامدهای ناگواری دارد.

Abstracting/Removing power from civil institutions has dire consequences.

Gerund as subject.

4

او می‌کوشد تا معنای هستی را از زندگی روزمره انتزاع کند.

He strives to abstract the meaning of existence from everyday life.

Literary verb 'koushed'.

5

این مدل اقتصادی، متغیرهای پیچیده را از بازار انتزاع می‌کند.

This economic model abstracts complex variables from the market.

Technical/Economic register.

6

حق انتزاع دارایی‌ها در شرایط اضطراری پیش‌بینی شده است.

The right to expropriate assets in emergency conditions is foreseen.

Complex noun phrase.

7

او با انتزاع کردنِ خود از محیط، به آرامش رسید.

By detaching himself from the environment, he achieved peace.

Reflexive 'khod'.

8

نظریه‌پردازان چگونه مفاهیم را از تاریخ انتزاع می‌کنند؟

How do theorists abstract concepts from history?

Plural subject/object.

1

در فلسفه ملاصدرا، ذهن صور اشیاء را از ماده انتزاع می‌کند.

In Mulla Sadra's philosophy, the mind abstracts the forms of objects from matter.

C2 Philosophical depth.

2

انتزاع کردنِ مطلق، امری دشوار و گاه ناممکن به نظر می‌رسد.

Absolute abstraction seems difficult and sometimes impossible.

Abstract philosophical subject.

3

او به واکاوی فرآیند انتزاع کردن در منطق صوری پرداخت.

He proceeded to analyze the process of abstraction in formal logic.

Formal verb 'pardākht'.

4

حکم دادگاه مبنی بر انتزاعِ قطعیِ اراضی، لازم‌الاجرا است.

The court's ruling regarding the definitive expropriation of lands is binding.

Heavy legal terminology.

5

نویسنده با ظرافت، طنز را از تراژدی انتزاع کرده است.

The author has subtly abstracted humor from tragedy.

Literary analysis.

6

آیا روح را می‌توان از بدن انتزاع کرد؟

Can the soul be abstracted from the body?

Metaphysical question.

7

او در پی انتزاع کردنِ جوهره حقیقت از خرافات بود.

He was seeking to abstract the essence of truth from superstitions.

Complex prepositional phrase 'dar pey-e'.

8

این پژوهش به چگونگی انتزاع کردنِ الگوها از داده‌های کلان می‌پردازد.

This research deals with how patterns are abstracted from big data.

Academic research register.

Häufige Kollokationen

انتزاع مفاهیم
انتزاع مالکیت
انتزاع از محیط
قابلیت انتزاع
انتزاع کردن از متن
فرآیند انتزاع
انتزاع کردن فرم
انتزاع اداری
به مقام انتزاع
انتزاع کردن جوهره

Häufige Phrasen

در مقام انتزاع

— In the state of abstraction; theoretically speaking.

در مقام انتزاع، این دو مفهوم با هم متفاوتند.

انتزاع یافتن از

— To be detached or abstracted from something.

این سازمان از وزارتخانه انتزاع یافت.

قدرت انتزاع

— The power or ability to abstract.

کودکان هنوز قدرت انتزاع کامل ندارند.

انتزاع معانی

— The abstraction of meanings.

انتزاع معانی از کلمات هنر اوست.

مفهوم انتزاعی

— Abstract concept.

عدالت یک مفهوم انتزاعی است.

انتزاع حقوقی

— Legal extraction/severance.

انتزاع حقوقی اموال پیچیده است.

ذهن انتزاع‌گر

— An abstracting mind.

او ذهنی انتزاع‌گر دارد.

انتزاع از واقعیت

— Abstraction from reality.

این نظریه بیش از حد از واقعیت انتزاع شده است.

عمل انتزاع

— The act of abstraction.

عمل انتزاع در ریاضیات اساسی است.

انتزاع کردنِ صفات

— Abstracting attributes.

او صفات نیک را از قهرمانان انتزاع کرد.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

انتزاع کردن vs انتظار (Entezār)

Means 'waiting' or 'expectation'. Sounds similar but different root.

انتزاع کردن vs انتقاد (Enteghād)

Means 'criticism'. Also starts with 'Ente-' but unrelated.

انتزاع کردن vs امتزاج (Emtezāj)

Means 'mixing' or 'blending'. It is actually the opposite action!

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"از آسمان انتزاع کردن"

— To come up with something completely detached from reality (informal/metaphorical).

او این حرف‌ها را از آسمان انتزاع کرده است.

Informal
"در خلاء انتزاع کردن"

— To abstract in a vacuum; to think without considering context.

نمی‌توان مسائل اجتماعی را در خلاء انتزاع کرد.

Academic
"انتزاعِ محض"

— Pure abstraction; something with no practical application.

این بحث‌ها انتزاع محض است و فایده‌ای ندارد.

Critical
"مو را از ماست انتزاع کردن"

— A variation of 'splitting hairs' but focusing on extraction (rare).

او می‌خواهد هر جزئی را انتزاع کند.

Literary
"انتزاعِ روح از بدن"

— The separation of soul from body (religious/mystical).

مرگ، انتزاع روح از بدن است.

Formal
"پله‌های انتزاع"

— The steps or levels of abstraction.

او از پله‌های انتزاع بالا رفت تا به کلیات برسد.

Philosophical
"دنیای انتزاع"

— The world of abstraction.

او در دنیای انتزاع زندگی می‌کند.

Neutral
"انتزاع کردنِ خود"

— To isolate oneself mentally.

گاهی باید خود را از شلوغی انتزاع کرد.

Psychological
"تیغِ انتزاع"

— The 'blade' of abstraction (cutting away details).

او با تیغ انتزاع، اضافات را برید.

Literary
"نورِ انتزاع"

— The 'light' of abstraction (clarity through isolation).

در نور انتزاع، حقیقت روشن‌تر شد.

Poetic

Leicht verwechselbar

انتزاع کردن vs استخراج (Estekhrāj)

Both mean 'extraction'.

'Estekhrāj' is for physical resources (oil, data). 'Entezā'' is for concepts or legal rights.

نفت را استخراج می‌کنند، اما مفهوم را انتزاع می‌کنند.

انتزاع کردن vs تجرید (Tajrid)

Both mean 'abstraction'.

'Tajrid' is more mystical or purely logical. 'Entezā'' is more common in modern academic and legal contexts.

تجرید روح از بدن؛ انتزاع مفهوم از متن.

انتزاع کردن vs تفکیک (Tafkik)

Both mean 'separation'.

'Tafkik' is dividing things into categories. 'Entezā'' is pulling one thing out from a whole.

تفکیک زباله؛ انتزاع یک شهر از استان.

انتزاع کردن vs سلب (Salb)

Both used in taking away rights.

'Salb' focuses on the person losing the right (deprivation). 'Entezā'' focuses on the act of detaching the right.

سلب آزادی؛ انتزاع مالکیت.

انتزاع کردن vs جدا (Jodā)

Basic meaning is the same.

'Jodā' is for your socks; 'Entezā'' is for your soul or your laws.

جوراب‌ها را جدا کن؛ ایده را انتزاع کن.

Satzmuster

B2

[Subject] [Abstract Noun] را از [Concrete Noun] انتزاع می‌کند.

نقاش فرم را از کوه انتزاع می‌کند.

C1

با [Gerund]، می‌توان به [Result] رسید.

با انتزاع کردنِ متغیرها، می‌توان به نتیجه رسید.

C2

در مقامِ انتزاع، [Clause].

در مقامِ انتزاع، روح از بدن جداست.

B2

باید [Object] را از [Source] انتزاع کرد.

باید حقیقت را از دروغ انتزاع کرد.

C1

[Noun]ِ منتزع شده از [Source]، [Adjective] است.

مفهومِ منتزع شده از متن، بسیار پیچیده است.

B2

آیا [Subject] می‌تواند [Object] را انتزاع کند؟

آیا ذهن می‌تواند خدا را انتزاع کند؟

C1

فرآیندِ انتزاع کردن شامل [Noun] می‌شود.

فرآیندِ انتزاع کردن شامل ساده‌سازی می‌شود.

C2

حکم بر انتزاعِ [Noun] صادر شد.

حکم بر انتزاعِ زمین صادر شد.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

انتزاع (Abstraction/Extraction)
منتزع (The thing abstracted)
انتزاع‌گرایی (Abstractionism)

Verben

انتزاع کردن (To abstract/extract)
انتزاع یافتن (To be abstracted)
انتزاع شدن (To be abstracted - passive)

Adjektive

انتزاعی (Abstract)
منتزع‌شده (Abstracted/Detached)

Verwandt

تجرید
استخراج
جداسازی
سلب
تفکیک
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frequency

Common in academic, legal, and artistic writing; rare in daily speech.

Häufige Fehler
  • Using 'entezā' kardan' for 'waiting'. → Entezār dāshtan.

    This is a phonetic mistake. 'Entezār' is waiting; 'Entezā'' is abstracting.

  • Saying 'entezā' kardan bā' instead of 'az'. → Entezā' kardan az.

    Abstraction is removal 'from' a source, so 'az' is the required preposition.

  • Using it for physical extraction like 'oil'. → Estekhrāj kardan.

    Natural resources use 'estekhrāj'. 'Entezā'' is for concepts or administrative units.

  • Omitting 'rā' after the direct object. → [Object] rā entezā' kardan.

    In formal Persian, the direct object marker is essential for clarity.

  • Using 'entezā'i' as a verb. → In naghashi entezā'i ast.

    Don't say 'this painting abstracts' when you mean 'this painting is abstract'.

Tipps

The 'Az' Rule

Always remember that you abstract something *from* something else. Never forget the 'az' (از) before the source.

Art Context

If you are at a museum in Iran, look for the word 'Entezā'i'. It means you are looking at the abstract art section.

Formal Only

Use this word to impress your Persian teacher or boss, but avoid it at a party unless you're debating philosophy.

Root Connection

Link 'Entezā'' to 'Snatch'. You are snatching the essence out of the object.

Passive Voice

In reports, use 'entezā' shod' (was abstracted) to sound more professional and objective.

Long 'A'

Make sure the 'ā' in 'entezā'' is long and clear, like the 'a' in 'hall'.

Intellectual Identity

Using this word correctly shows you understand the 'Ketabi' (bookish) register of Persian, which is highly respected.

Legal Precision

In legal translation, 'entezā'' is often the best translation for 'severance' or 'expropriation'.

Clarification

If someone looks confused, clarify with 'jodā kardan' (to separate), but keep 'entezā'' as your primary term for ideas.

Context Clues

When you see 'entezā'' in a headline, look for the names of two government departments; one is being taken from the other.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'EN-TE-ZĀ''. 'EN' like 'Enter', 'TE' like 'The', 'ZĀ'' like 'Zone'. When you abstract, you 'Enter The Zone' of ideas and leave the physical world behind.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a hand reaching into a bowl of colorful marbles and pulling out only the blue ones. That single blue marble in the hand is the 'entezā''—the extracted part.

Word Web

Abstract Art Legal Rights Philosophy Scientific Laws Separation Extraction Mental Process Formal Tone

Herausforderung

Try to use 'entezā' kardan' in a sentence about your favorite hobby. For example, 'I abstract (entezā' mikonam) the feeling of speed from cycling.'

Wortherkunft

From the Arabic root N-Z-' (ن-ز-ع), which means to pull out, snatch, or remove. It entered Persian through Islamic philosophical and legal terminology.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The act of plucking or tearing away something from its place.

Semitic root (Arabic) integrated into Indo-European (Persian) grammar via a compound verb.

Kultureller Kontext

No specific sensitivities, but using it in very low-register slang might sound sarcastic or mocking of intellectuals.

Similar to the English 'to abstract', but carries a stronger legal and administrative weight in Persian than in common English.

Mulla Sadra's 'Asfar' (discussing mental abstraction). Modern Iranian Law (Civil Code articles on property). Contemporary art reviews in 'Tandis' magazine.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Philosophy Class

  • انتزاع کلیات
  • ذهن انتزاع‌گر
  • از جزیی به کلی
  • مقام انتزاع

Law Office

  • انتزاع مالکیت
  • سلب حق
  • حکم انتزاع
  • اموال منتزع شده

Art Gallery

  • سبک انتزاعی
  • انتزاع فرم
  • هنر غیربازنمایی
  • تجرید در نقاشی

Government News

  • انتزاع از وزارتخانه
  • تفکیک وظایف
  • سازمان جدید
  • بخش جدا شده

Scientific Research

  • انتزاع متغیرها
  • مدل‌سازی
  • داده‌های خام
  • قوانین کلی

Gesprächseinstiege

"به نظر شما چگونه می‌توانیم شادی را از ثروت انتزاع کنیم؟"

"آیا در هنر مدرن، انتزاع کردن مهم‌تر از کشیدن واقعیت است؟"

"چرا دولت تصمیم گرفت این بخش را از وزارتخانه انتزاع کند؟"

"آیا ذهن انسان بدون انتزاع کردن می‌تواند فکر کند؟"

"چگونه یک نویسنده می‌تواند عشق را از رفتارهای ساده انتزاع کند؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

امروز سعی کنید یک مفهوم (مثل آرامش) را از محیط اطراف خود انتزاع کنید و درباره آن بنویسید.

درباره زمانی بنویسید که مجبور شدید خود را از یک موقعیت سخت انتزاع کنید (ذهنی یا فیزیکی).

آیا فکر می‌کنید قوانین علمی واقعاً از طبیعت انتزاع شده‌اند یا ساخته ذهن ما هستند؟

تفاوت بین 'جدا کردن' و 'انتزاع کردن' را با مثال‌هایی از زندگی خود توضیح دهید.

اگر می‌توانستید یک صفت را از شخصیت خود انتزاع کنید، آن صفت چه بود؟

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Mostly, yes. In modern Persian, it's about 90% conceptual. However, in legal and administrative contexts, it can mean the physical/formal separation of land or departments.

No, that would sound very strange. Use 'birun āvardan' for physical objects like food.

'Entezā'i' is the adjective (abstract), e.g., 'abstract art'. 'Entezā' kardan' is the verb (to abstract), e.g., 'to abstract a concept'.

Yes, especially when the government creates new ministries or changes the borders of cities and provinces.

It ends with a long 'ā' sound. In very formal speech, there is a slight glottal stop (hamza) at the end, but usually, it's just a long 'ā'.

Yes, scientists use it to describe the process of extracting general principles or laws from specific experiments.

'Inzemām' (annexation) or 'Etehād' (union) are the opposites in administrative/legal terms.

Technically you could in a very old medical book, but modern Persian uses 'keshidan' (to pull) for teeth.

Yes, they share the same root (N-Z-'). 'Nezā'' is 'pulling' against each other (conflict), while 'Entezā'' is 'pulling' something out.

Yes, modern Persian poets often use it to describe the process of finding meaning in the mundane.

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writing

Write a sentence using 'entezā' kardan' about a scientist.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence using 'entezā' kardan' about an artist.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence using the passive form 'entezā' shod'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Explain in Persian why 'entezā' kardan' is used in philosophy.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Translate: 'The mind abstracts concepts from reality.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Translate: 'We must abstract the key points from the text.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a formal headline about a city being separated from a province.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Use 'entezā' kardan' in a sentence about a memory.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence using 'قدرت انتزاع' (power of abstraction).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Translate: 'Abstract art is born from the act of abstracting.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence about a judge and property.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Translate: 'It is impossible to abstract justice from the law.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
writing

Write a sentence about a writer and a theme.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Use 'در مقام انتزاع' in a sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Translate: 'He isolated himself from the crowd.' (using entezā')

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence about mathematical formulas.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Use 'قابلیت انتزاع' in a sentence.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Translate: 'The extraction of the soul from the body.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Write a sentence about a critic's opinion.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

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writing

Translate: 'Abstracting variables is the first step.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
speaking

Pronounce 'انتزاع کردن' correctly.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe abstract art in Persian using 'entezā' kardan'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain the difference between 'entezā'' and 'entezār'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Talk about a time you had to abstract an idea from a book.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'entezā' kardan' in a legal sentence.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Discuss the importance of abstraction in science.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain 'در مقام انتزاع' to a friend.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

How do you say 'to be abstracted' in Persian?

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe a painting using the adjective 'entezā'i'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'entezā' kardan' in a sentence about human rights.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'I abstracted the truth from his words.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain why 'entezā' kardan' is a formal word.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Make a sentence with 'قدرت انتزاع'.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Translate and say: 'The department was abstracted from the ministry.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Give an antonym for 'entezā' kardan' in speech.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Describe the process of learning a language using 'entezā''.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Say: 'Abstracting concepts is hard.'

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Use 'entezā' kardan' in a sentence about your job.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

Explain the word 'Tajrid' compared to 'Entezā''.

Read this aloud:

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speaking

How do you pronounce the 'ā' in 'entezā''?

Read this aloud:

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listening

Listen and identify: Is the speaker saying 'entezār' or 'entezā''?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

In a news clip, what word is used when a city changes provinces?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen for the object: 'او زیبایی را انتزاع کرد.' What was abstracted?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen for the source: 'از طبیعت انتزاع شد.' What is the source?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

True or False: The speaker used 'entezā' kardan' for a physical object.

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to the sentence: 'حق انتزاع محفوظ است.' What is reserved?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Identify the tone: Is 'entezā' kardan' used formally or informally?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen for the verb: 'باید انتزاع می‌کردیم.' What is the tense?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What is the related adjective mentioned in the lecture?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen to the suffix: 'انتزاع‌گرایی'. What does it mean?

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listening

Which ministry was mentioned in the news about 'entezā''?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen for the subject: 'ذهن مفاهیم را انتزاع می‌کند.' What abstracts?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Is the verb active or passive in the audio?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

Listen for the word 'Tajrid'. How does the speaker compare it to 'Entezā''?

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Richtig! Nicht ganz. Richtige Antwort:
listening

What is the main topic of the podcast where 'entezā'' was used?

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