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B2 adjective 7 Min. Lesezeit

ملزم

molzam

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At this level, you don't need to use 'molzam' yourself. Just know that it means 'must do something because of a rule'. Think of it like the word 'must' but very formal. For example, if you see it on a sign in a library, it means there is a rule you have to follow. You can stick to using 'bayad' (must) for now, which is much easier. 'Molzam' is for official situations, like at the bank or in a contract.

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At the A2 level, you might see 'molzam' in simple official forms. It is an adjective that describes a person who has a duty. For example, 'You are obligated to pay.' In Persian: 'Shoma molzam be pardakht hastid.' Notice the word 'be' after it. This 'be' is like 'to' in English. It is a good word to recognize when you are reading rules for a game or a classroom. It is more formal than 'majbur' (forced).

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As a B1 learner, you should start recognizing the difference between 'molzam' and 'majbur'. 'Molzam' is used when there is a formal agreement or a law. You will hear it on the news or read it in emails from work. You should practice the structure 'molzam be + noun'. For example, 'Karmandan molzam be ra'ayat-e nazm hastand' (Employees are obligated to observe order). It makes your Persian sound more professional and precise.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'molzam' in formal writing and discussions. You should understand that it implies a binding commitment, often legal or contractual. You can use it to argue a point, such as 'The government is obligated to protect the environment.' You should also be comfortable with the causative form 'molzam kardan' (to obligate someone). This level requires you to distinguish between moral duty (mowazzaf) and legal obligation (molzam).

At C1, you should master the nuances of 'molzam' in complex legal and philosophical contexts. You can use it to discuss international treaties, constitutional law, and ethical imperatives. You should be familiar with related terms like 'ilzam-avar' (binding/obligatory). Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's Arabic roots and its high-register status. You can use it to describe abstract concepts, like being 'bound by the constraints of time'.

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For a C2 speaker, 'molzam' is a tool for precision in high-level discourse. You use it to navigate complex legal disputes or to write academic papers. You understand its historical weight and how it differs from synonyms like 'mota'ahhed' or 'mukallaf' in Islamic jurisprudence. You can use it in sophisticated rhetorical structures, such as 'The paradox of being obligated to be free.' Your mastery includes all derivative forms and their specific applications in various professional fields.

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ملزم in 30 Sekunden

Formal word for 'obligated' or 'required'.
Used in legal, professional, and ethical contexts.
Usually followed by the preposition 'be' (به).
Higher register than 'majbur' (forced).

The Persian word ملزم (pronounced 'mol-zam') is a formal adjective derived from the Arabic root 'L-Z-M', which pertains to necessity, sticking to something, or being inseparable. In the context of modern Persian, it specifically denotes a state of being legally, ethically, or contractually obligated to perform an action or adhere to a set of rules. Unlike the word 'majbur' (مجبور), which often implies a physical or external force compelling someone against their will, molzam carries a nuance of formal commitment. It suggests that the obligation arises from a pre-existing agreement, a position of authority, or a logical necessity within a system of rules.

Legal Context: In law, this word is the standard term for a party being bound by the terms of a contract. If a court rules that a company must pay damages, they are 'molzam' to pay.
Professional Ethics: In a workplace, employees are 'molzam' to follow the safety protocols and confidentiality agreements they signed upon hiring.

همه شهروندان ملزم به رعایت قوانین رانندگی هستند.
All citizens are obligated to observe traffic laws.

When you use ملزم, you are speaking about the 'should' that comes from 'must'. It is ubiquitous in official documents, news reports regarding international treaties, and academic discussions about moral philosophy. For instance, a government might be 'molzam' to provide healthcare under its constitution. The word elevates the tone of a conversation, moving it from a personal desire to a structural requirement. It is often paired with the preposition 'be' (به), indicating what the person is obligated to do.

Furthermore, the word appears frequently in the passive construction 'molzam shodan' (to become obligated) and 'molzam kardan' (to make someone obligated). In a negotiation, one might say, 'We want to make the other party obligated to deliver the goods on time.' This would be rendered as 'molzam kardan-e taraf-e moqabel'. Because of its Arabic origin, it retains a high-register feel, making it perfect for business letters and legal correspondence where precision is valued over colloquialism.

Using ملزم correctly requires understanding its grammatical placement as an adjective that usually follows a noun or functions as a predicate. Most commonly, it is followed by the preposition به (be) and then a noun or a gerund phrase. This structure mimics the English 'obligated to [action]'.

Structure: Subject + ملزم به + Verb/Noun + بودن: Example: او ملزم به پاسخگویی است (He is obligated to be accountable).

دادگاه شرکت را ملزم به پرداخت جریمه کرد.
The court obligated the company to pay a fine.

In the sentence above, 'molzam' is used with the causative 'kardan' (to make/do). This is a very common way to describe legal or administrative enforcement. If you want to describe a person's internal sense of duty, you might use 'khod ra molzam danestan' (to consider oneself obligated). This reflects a high degree of personal integrity and formal commitment.

In journalistic Persian, you will often see this word at the beginning of sentences to emphasize the weight of a treaty. For example, 'Under the Paris Agreement, nations are obligated to reduce carbon emissions.' Here, molzam serves as the anchor of the sentence's logic. It provides a sense of finality and non-negotiability. It is also used in the negative: 'nistam molzam' (I am not obligated), which is a formal way to decline a request or deny a responsibility that someone is trying to impose on you.

You are most likely to encounter ملزم in formal environments. If you are watching the Persian news (like BBC Persian or VOA Farsi), the anchors use it when discussing international relations, nuclear deals, or human rights obligations. It is the language of diplomacy. When a spokesperson says a country is molzam to a treaty, they are emphasizing that the commitment is binding under international law.

دولت ملزم است بودجه را تا پایان ماه ارائه دهد.
The government is obligated to present the budget by the end of the month.

In a corporate setting in Iran, during a 'jalase' (meeting), a manager might use this word to remind the team of their contractual duties. 'We are molzam to complete this project by the deadline according to the contract.' It sounds much more professional than saying 'we have to' (bayad). It implies that the necessity comes from the contract itself, not just the manager's whim.

News Media: Used for treaties, UN resolutions, and constitutional duties.
Legal Documents: Found in every contract (qarardad) regarding the duties of the parties.

Finally, in academic and philosophical texts, specifically those dealing with 'akhlaq' (ethics), the word is used to describe moral imperatives. A philosopher might argue that humans are 'molzam' to tell the truth regardless of the consequences. In this context, the obligation is metaphysical rather than legal, but the word remains the same because the sense of 'binding necessity' is the core meaning.

The most frequent mistake learners make is confusing ملزم (molzam) with مجبور (majbur). While both can be translated as 'forced' or 'obligated' in English, their usage in Persian is distinct. Majbur is often emotional or physical. If you are 'majbur' to eat something you don't like, it's a personal struggle. If you are 'molzam' to eat something (perhaps for a medical study you signed up for), it's a formal requirement.

Incorrect Usage: من ملزم هستم که به مهمانی بروم چون مادرم ناراحت می‌شود.
(Incorrect because this is a social/emotional pressure, not a formal obligation.)
Correct Usage: من مجبور هستم به مهمانی بروم.
(Correct for social pressure.)

Another common error is the omission of the preposition به. Learners often try to use an 'ezafe' (molzam-e...) or follow it directly with a verb. Remember: ملزم به is the fixed pattern. Without 'be', the sentence will feel incomplete and grammatically 'broken' to a native speaker.

Mistake: او ملزم است برود.
Correction: او ملزم به رفتن است.

Finally, be careful with the pronunciation. The 'z' is a 'zaad' (ض) in the spelling (ملزم), which in Persian is pronounced exactly like a 'ze' (ز), but in Arabic, it has a different sound. Don't let the spelling intimidate you; just pronounce it as a soft 'z'. Also, don't confuse it with 'molazam' (one who accompanies/attendant), which is spelled similarly but has different vowels and a completely different meaning.

Persian has a rich vocabulary for duty and obligation. Depending on the context, you might want to swap ملزم for a more specific term. Understanding these nuances is the key to reaching a C1/C2 level of fluency.

موظف (mowazzaf): This means 'duty-bound'. It is often used for job descriptions. A teacher is 'mowazzaf' to teach, but they are 'molzam' by their contract to show up at 8 AM.
متعهد (mota'ahhed): This means 'committed'. It implies a voluntary taking on of a duty. If you are 'mota'ahhed' to a cause, you are doing it out of conviction.
بایسته (bayesteh): A literary and rare word meaning 'necessary' or 'fitting'. You'll see this in high literature or old texts.

تفاوت: او موظف به انجام کار است (It is his job) vs او ملزم به انجام کار است (He is legally required).

In casual conversation, people rarely use molzam. They prefer 'bayad' (must) or 'majbur' (forced). If you use molzam in a coffee shop with friends, it might sound like you are joking or being intentionally overly dramatic. However, in a letter to a landlord or a university department, molzam is exactly the right word to show you are serious and knowledgeable about your rights and responsibilities.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The root L-Z-M is the same one used for 'lazem' (necessary), which is one of the first words Persian learners usually learn!

Aussprachehilfe

UK /mʊl.zæm/

US /məl.zæm/

The stress is typically on the second syllable: mol-ZAM.

Reimt sich auf

اعظم (A'zam) اکرم (Akram) محرم (Mahram) زمزم (Zamzam) عالم (Alam) آدم (Adam) مبهم (Mobham) منظم (Monazzam)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing it as 'mo-la-zam' (adding an extra 'a').
Using a hard 'D' sound for the 'zaad' letter (ض). In Persian, it is always a soft 'z'.
Confusing the vowels with 'mulzim' (which means 'convicting' or 'silencing' in some contexts).
Swapping the 'l' and 'm' sounds (e.g., 'mozlam').
Not aspirating the 'm' at the end clearly.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 4/5

Common in news and books but requires knowing the Arabic root structure.

Schreiben 5/5

Requires correct use of the preposition 'be'.

Sprechen 4/5

Hard to use naturally without sounding overly formal.

Hören 3/5

Easily recognized once the root L-Z-M is known.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

لازم باید قانون قرارداد به

Als Nächstes lernen

موظف متعهد الزام‌ آور تکلیف حقوق

Fortgeschritten

استلزام ملازمه تلازم ملتزم نافذ

Wichtige Grammatik

Prepositional Adjectives

Adjectives like 'molzam' or 'mota'ahhed' always require 'be'.

Causative with 'Kardan'

Turning an adjective into a verb: 'molzam' + 'kardan' = to obligate.

Passive with 'Shodan'

Turning an action into a state: 'molzam' + 'shodan' = to become obligated.

Gerund usage after 'be'

Using the 'short infinitive' or noun after 'be': 'molzam به رفتن'.

Formal vs Informal Modal verbs

Using 'molzam budan' instead of 'bayad' for high register.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

من ملزم به رفتن هستم.

I am obligated to go.

Simple subject + molzam + be + gerund.

آیا شما ملزم هستید؟

Are you obligated?

Interrogative form.

او ملزم نیست.

He is not obligated.

Negative form with 'nist'.

ما ملزم به کار هستیم.

We are obligated to work.

Plural subject.

کتاب ملزم به خواندن است.

The book is required reading.

Passive-like usage.

او ملزم به سکوت بود.

He was obligated to be silent.

Past tense 'bud'.

همه ملزم هستند.

Everyone is obligated.

Use of 'hame' (everyone).

این یک قانون ملزم است.

This is an obligatory law.

Attributive adjective usage.

دانشجویان ملزم به پوشیدن لباس فرم هستند.

Students are obligated to wear uniforms.

Plural noun + molzam.

راننده ملزم به داشتن گواهینامه است.

The driver is obligated to have a license.

Noun phrase after 'be'.

شما ملزم به امضای این کاغذ هستید.

You are obligated to sign this paper.

Infinitive/Gerund as object of 'be'.

او خود را ملزم به کمک می‌داند.

He considers himself obligated to help.

Reflexive 'khod ra'.

آیا شرکت ملزم به پرداخت است؟

Is the company obligated to pay?

Formal question.

ما ملزم به رعایت نوبت هستیم.

We are obligated to wait our turn.

Social obligation.

او ملزم به بازگشت شد.

He was made to return.

Passive with 'shod'.

این قرارداد شما را ملزم می‌کند.

This contract obligates you.

Causative 'molzam kardan'.

پزشکان ملزم به حفظ اسرار بیماران هستند.

Doctors are obligated to keep patients' secrets.

Professional obligation.

دولت ملزم به ایجاد شغل برای جوانان است.

The government is obligated to create jobs for youth.

Political obligation.

هیچ‌کس ملزم به انجام کارهای غیرقانونی نیست.

No one is obligated to do illegal things.

Negative 'hich-kas'.

او به دلیل قرارداد، ملزم به ماندن است.

Because of the contract, he is obligated to stay.

Reasoning with 'be dalil-e'.

آیا من ملزم به پاسخ دادن به این سوال هستم؟

Am I obligated to answer this question?

Legal right context.

آنها ملزم به جبران خسارت شدند.

They were obligated to compensate for the damage.

Legal compensation.

ما ملزم به همکاری با پلیس هستیم.

We are obligated to cooperate with the police.

Civic duty.

او همیشه خود را ملزم به وقت‌شناسی می‌داند.

He always considers himself obligated to be punctual.

Personal moral code.

کشورهای عضو ملزم به کاهش گازهای گلخانه‌ای هستند.

Member countries are obligated to reduce greenhouse gases.

International treaty context.

قانون جدید، کارفرمایان را ملزم به بیمه کردن کارگران می‌کند.

The new law obligates employers to insure workers.

Legislative context.

او ملزم به ارائه گزارش ماهانه به هیئت مدیره است.

He is obligated to provide a monthly report to the board.

Corporate reporting.

آیا شاهد ملزم به ادای سوگند است؟

Is the witness obligated to take an oath?

Legal procedure.

ما ملزم به احترام به حقوق بشر هستیم.

We are obligated to respect human rights.

Ethical/Legal obligation.

بانک ملزم به بازگرداندن پول مشتری است.

The bank is obligated to return the customer's money.

Financial regulation.

او به لحاظ اخلاقی ملزم به عذرخواهی بود.

He was morally obligated to apologize.

Moral context with 'be lahaz-e akhlaqi'.

این توافق‌نامه هر دو طرف را ملزم به سکوت می‌کند.

This agreement obligates both parties to silence.

Non-disclosure agreement.

تعهدات بین‌المللی، دولت‌ها را ملزم به صیانت از محیط زیست می‌سازد.

International commitments make governments obligated to protect the environment.

Complex causative structure.

او خود را ملزم به رعایت موازین شرعی می‌دانست.

He considered himself obligated to observe religious standards.

Religious/Legal context.

عدم انجام تعهدات، فرد را ملزم به پرداخت جریمه دیرکرد می‌کند.

Failure to fulfill commitments obligates the individual to pay a late fee.

Contractual penalty.

آیا عقل سلیم ما را ملزم به پذیرش این حقیقت نمی‌کند؟

Does not common sense obligate us to accept this truth?

Rhetorical question.

او ملزم به افشای منابع مالی خود شد.

He was obligated to disclose his financial sources.

Transparency context.

قانون اساسی، حاکمیت را ملزم به پاسخگویی در برابر ملت می‌داند.

The constitution considers the sovereignty obligated to be accountable to the nation.

Constitutional law.

این پارادایم فکری، ما را ملزم به بازنگری در ارزش‌هایمان می‌کند.

This intellectual paradigm obligates us to revise our values.

Abstract academic usage.

او به موجب حکم دادگاه ملزم به ترک کشور شد.

He was obligated to leave the country by court order.

Legal mandate 'be moojeb-e'.

وجدان بیدار، هر انسانی را ملزم به ایستادگی در برابر ظلم می‌کند.

An awakened conscience obligates every human to stand against oppression.

Philosophical/Moral imperative.

در نظام‌های دموکراتیک، قدرت ملزم به تمکین از اراده عمومی است.

In democratic systems, power is obligated to submit to the general will.

Political philosophy.

این قرارداد فاقد بندهای ملزم‌کننده برای طرف دوم است.

This contract lacks binding clauses for the second party.

Technical legal term 'molzam-konandeh'.

او ملزم به رعایت پروتکل‌های امنیتی در بالاترین سطح ممکن بود.

He was obligated to observe security protocols at the highest possible level.

Intense formal requirement.

آیا ضرورت‌های بیولوژیک ما را ملزم به رفتارهای خاصی می‌کنند؟

Do biological necessities obligate us to certain behaviors?

Scientific/Deterministic context.

حکم صادره، شهرداری را ملزم به توقف فوری عملیات ساختمانی کرد.

The issued verdict obligated the municipality to immediately halt construction operations.

Administrative law.

او با امضای این سند، خود را ملزم به وفاداری ابدی کرد.

By signing this document, he obligated himself to eternal loyalty.

Hyperbolic/Literary usage.

تعارض منافع نباید فرد را ملزم به انتخاب‌های غیراخلاقی کند.

Conflict of interest should not obligate an individual to make unethical choices.

Ethics in governance.

Häufige Kollokationen

ملزم به پرداخت

ملزم به رعایت

ملزم به پاسخگویی

خود را ملزم دانستن

ملزم به تمکین

قانوناً ملزم

اخلاقاً ملزم

ملزم به ارائه

ملزم به سکوت

ملزم به جبران

Häufige Phrasen

ملزم و متعهد

— A legal pair meaning 'obligated and committed'.

طرفین ملزم و متعهد به اجرای قرارداد هستند.

ملزم به اجرا

— Required to implement or perform.

این طرح ملزم به اجرا در تمام مدارس است.

ملزم به حضور

— Required to be present.

شما ملزم به حضور در جلسه هستید.

ملزم به همکاری

— Required to cooperate.

همه نهادها ملزم به همکاری با یکدیگرند.

ملزم به بازگشت

— Required to return.

مسافران ملزم به بازگشت به هتل بودند.

ملزم به تغییر

— Required to change.

ما ملزم به تغییر رویه خود هستیم.

ملزم به دفاع

— Required to defend.

او ملزم به دفاع از پایان‌نامه خود است.

ملزم به اثبات

— Required to prove.

شاکی ملزم به اثبات ادعای خود است.

ملزم به شفافیت

— Required to be transparent.

نهادهای مالی ملزم به شفافیت هستند.

ملزم به استعفا

— Required to resign.

وزیر ملزم به استعفا شد.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

ملزم vs ملازم (molazam)

Means an attendant or someone who accompanies; sounds very similar but the vowels are different.

ملزم vs ملزم (mulzim)

In some technical Arabic/Persian contexts, can mean 'convicting' or 'silencing', but 'molzam' is the standard for 'obligated'.

ملزم vs لازم (lazem)

Means 'necessary'. 'Molzam' is the person who is bound by the necessity.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"ملزم به چک سفید امضا"

— To be bound to a situation where the consequences are unknown.

من ملزم به این معامله نیستم، چون مثل چک سفید امضا است.

Colloquial/Metaphorical

"حرفش ملزم است"

— His word is binding (he always keeps his promise).

او مردی است که حرفش ملزم است.

Respectful

"قانون ملزم‌الاجرا"

— A law that must be strictly followed with no exceptions.

این یک قانون ملزم‌الاجرا برای همه است.

Legal

"ملزم به سکوت مرگبار"

— Required to keep a very dangerous or serious secret.

او ملزم به سکوت مرگبار در مورد پروژه شد.

Dramatic

"خود را ملزم به آب و آتش زدن"

— To feel obligated to go through great trouble to help.

او خود را ملزم به آب و آتش زدن برای خانواده‌اش می‌داند.

Literary/Metaphorical

"ملزم به رعایت نعل به نعل"

— Obligated to follow something exactly, word for word.

او ملزم به رعایت نعل به نعل دستورات است.

Formal/Idiomatic

"ملزم به پاسخگویی در پیشگاه وجدان"

— Obligated to answer to one's own conscience.

هر انسانی ملزم به پاسخگویی در پیشگاه وجدان خود است.

Philosophical

"ملزم به تحمل"

— Forced to endure a difficult situation due to duty.

او ملزم به تحمل این شرایط سخت بود.

Neutral

"ملزم به وفای به عهد"

— Bound to keep one's promise.

همه ما ملزم به وفای به عهد هستیم.

Moral/Religious

"ملزم به گره‌گشایی"

— Obligated to solve a problem or 'untie a knot'.

دولت ملزم به گره‌گشایی از مشکلات اقتصادی است.

Journalistic

Leicht verwechselbar

ملزم vs مجبور (majbur)

Both translate to 'forced/obligated'.

Majbur is for physical or emotional force; Molzam is for legal or formal duty.

من مجبورم بخوابم (I'm sleepy/forced) vs من ملزم به خوابیدن هستم (I'm required by a study).

ملزم vs موظف (mowazzaf)

Both relate to duty.

Mowazzaf is 'tasked' or 'duty-bound' (often job-related); Molzam is 'legally bound'.

پلیس موظف به گشت‌زنی است.

ملزم vs مکلف (mokallaf)

Both mean obligated.

Mokallaf is often religious (shari'i) or very heavy legal duty.

او مکلف به نماز است.

ملزم vs متعهد (mota'ahhed)

Both involve commitment.

Mota'ahhed is a 'promise' or 'commitment' you take on; Molzam is a 'requirement' placed on you.

او متعهد به پیروزی است.

ملزم vs بایسته (bayesteh)

Both mean necessary.

Bayesteh is literary and describes the action; Molzam describes the person.

این رفتار بایسته نیست.

Satzmuster

[Subject] molzam be [Noun] ast.

او ملزم به کار است.

[Subject] molzam be [Short Infinitive] ast.

ما ملزم به رفتن هستیم.

[Law/Contract] [Object] ra molzam be [Action] mikonad.

قانون ما را ملزم به پرداخت می‌کند.

[Subject] khod ra molzam be [Action] midanad.

او خود را ملزم به کمک می‌داند.

Be moojeb-e [Document], [Subject] molzam ast...

به موجب قرارداد، او ملزم است...

Adam-e [Action], [Subject] ra molzam be [Penalty] mikonad.

عدم حضور، شما را ملزم به جریمه می‌کند.

[Abstract Concept] ma ra molzam be [Ethical Choice] misazad.

وجدان ما را ملزم به سکوت می‌سازد.

Band-ha-ye molzam-konandeh-ye [Noun]...

بندهای ملزم‌کننده این توافق...

Wortfamilie

Substantive

الزام (ilzam) - obligation/necessity

لزوم (lozum) - necessity

ملزومات (malzumat) - requirements/necessities

Verben

لازم بودن (lazem budan) - to be necessary

الزام کردن (ilzam kardan) - to necessitate/obligate

Adjektive

لازم (lazem) - necessary

الزامی (elzami) - mandatory

ملزم (molzam) - obligated

Verwandt

التزام (eltezam)

ملازم (molazam)

لازمه (lazemeh)

ملتزم (moltazam)

مستلزم (mostalzam)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Common in professional and academic Persian.

Häufige Fehler

من ملزم به رفتن هستم (using it for social events) → من مجبورم بروم.
Social pressure isn't 'molzam'. Only rules and contracts are.
او ملزم است پرداخت کند. → او ملزم به پرداخت است.
Missing the required preposition 'be'.
Pronouncing it 'molazam'. → Pronounce it 'molzam'.
Adding an extra 'a' changes the meaning to 'attendant'.
Using 'molzam' as a verb directly. → Use 'molzam budan' or 'molzam kardan'.
It's an adjective, not a standalone verb.
Confusing 'molzam' with 'lazem'. → Use 'lazem' for things and 'molzam' for people.
The book is 'lazem' (necessary), but the student is 'molzam' (obligated).

Tipps

The 'Be' Rule

Never forget the 'be' after 'molzam'. It's the bridge to the action you're obligated to do.

Root Power

Learn the root L-Z-M. It will help you understand 'lazem', 'elzami', and 'molzam' all at once.

Keep it Formal

Use this word in emails to your professor or boss, not in a text message to your sibling.

Emphasis

Place a strong emphasis on the 'zam' to sound professional and clear.

Legal Writing

In contracts, 'molzam' is often paired with 'mota'ahhed' for a double-binding effect.

Rights and Duties

Iranians value knowing their legal standing; using 'molzam' shows you know yours.

News Keywords

When you hear 'molzam' on the news, pay attention—it's usually about something very important.

Visual Link

Picture a 'Mol' (Mole) stuck in a 'Zam' (Jam) - he's obligated to get out!

CEFR B2+

This is a high-frequency word for advanced Persian exams. Master it to boost your score.

Negative Usage

'Nistam molzam' is a very polite but firm way to say 'It's not my job/duty'.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'Mole' + 'Zam' (Jam). A 'Mole' is stuck in a 'Jam' and is OBLIGATED to dig his way out.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a person standing in front of a giant 'L' shaped gate (for Lazem/Molzam) holding a contract with a heavy chain around their wrist representing the obligation.

Word Web

Law Contract Duty Rule Necessity Binding Agreement Requirement

Herausforderung

Try to use 'molzam' in a sentence about your daily routine (e.g., 'I am obligated to wake up at 7').

Wortherkunft

From the Arabic IV form passive participle of the root L-Z-M (ل ز م). In Arabic, 'alzama' means 'to compel' or 'to make necessary'.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: One who is made to stick to or follow a path/rule.

Semitic (Arabic root) integrated into Indo-European (Persian).

Kultureller Kontext

It is a neutral, formal word. No specific sensitivities other than ensuring it's not used too casually where it might sound sarcastic.

Equivalent to the legal 'shall' or 'is required to' in English contracts.

The Iranian Constitution (Qanun-e Asasi) uses this word frequently to define the duties of the state. Classical poetry sometimes uses the root L-Z-M to describe the necessity of love. Modern Persian legal dramas on TV often feature lawyers shouting 'Mokallef' or 'Molzam'!

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Legal Disputes

ملزم به جبران
حکم ملزم
الزام قانونی
طرف ملزم

Employment

ملزم به حضور
شرح وظایف ملزم
ملزم به حفظ اسرار
قرارداد ملزم

International Relations

کشورهای ملزم
معاهده ملزم
ملزم به کاهش
تعهدات ملزم

Ethics

ملزم به صداقت
وجدان ملزم
اخلاقاً ملزم
ملزم به کمک

Daily Bureaucracy

ملزم به ارائه مدارک
ملزم به نوبت
ملزم به پرداخت فیش
ملزم به امضا

Gesprächseinstiege

"آیا فکر می‌کنید دولت ملزم به فراهم کردن اینترنت رایگان است؟"

"در شغل شما، به چه کارهایی ملزم هستید؟"

"آیا ما ملزم به دنبال کردن تمام سنت‌های قدیمی هستیم؟"

"چه زمانی خود را ملزم به دروغ گفتن می‌دانید؟"

"آیا قراردادهای کاری در کشور شما خیلی ملزم‌کننده هستند؟"

Tagebuch-Impulse

درباره زمانی بنویسید که خود را ملزم به انجام کاری سخت برای یک دوست می‌دانستید.

آیا قوانین راهنمایی و رانندگی باید بیشتر ملزم‌کننده باشند؟ چرا؟

تفاوت بین 'مجبور بودن' و 'ملزم بودن' را در زندگی شخصی خود توصیف کنید.

اگر رئیس‌جمهور بودید، مردم را ملزم به انجام چه کاری می‌کردید؟

آیا هنرمندان ملزم به رعایت مسائل اخلاقی در آثارشان هستند؟

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

It's usually too formal for friends. Use 'bayad' or 'majbur' instead. If you use 'molzam', it might sound like you're being sarcastic or acting like a boss.

Always use 'be' (به). For example: 'molzam be pardakht' (obligated to pay).

Close, but 'mowazzaf' is more about having a job or task, while 'molzam' is about being legally bound to a rule or contract.

You can say 'qarardad-e molzam-konandeh' or 'qarardad-e lazem-ol-ejra'.

It is written as 'ض', but in Persian, it sounds just like a regular 'z'. Don't worry about special pronunciation.

Usually, it refers to people or entities (like companies/governments) that have a duty. However, a law can be called 'molzam-konandeh' (obligating).

The most common opposite is 'mokhtar' (having free choice) or 'azad' (free).

It is 'mol-zam'. 'Mo-la-zam' means something else (an attendant).

It's better to say 'man molzam be raftan hastam'. Using 'ke' is less common with this specific adjective.

Yes, it is used in Dari (Afghanistan) with the same formal meaning. In Tajik, it is also used but might have slightly different phonetic renderings in Cyrillic.

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