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A2 adjective #2,000 am häufigsten 6 Min. Lesezeit

嫌いな

kiraina
At the A1 level, you learn 'kirai' as a basic word to talk about things you don't like. You use it in simple sentences like 'I don't like apples' (Ringo ga kirai desu). At this stage, the focus is on the basic pattern: [Noun] ga kirai desu. You also learn that 'daikirai' means you really don't like something. It's one of the first adjectives you use to express your personality and basic needs, such as food preferences. You should remember that it is a 'na-adjective,' so you say 'kirai ja nai' for the negative. Even at this level, you start to see how it contrasts with 'suki' (like).
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'kirai na' to describe nouns directly. For example, 'kirai na tabemono' (disliked food) or 'kirai na hito' (a person I dislike). You learn to use it in slightly more complex sentences, such as 'I have many things I dislike.' You also start to understand the difference between 'kirai' and 'nigate' (not good at/dislike), which is important for being polite. You can now use 'kirai' in the past tense ('kirai deshita') to talk about things you didn't like when you were a child. This level focuses on using the word to provide more detail in your descriptions.
At the B1 level, you use 'kirai na' in more nuanced ways. You might use it in relative clauses, such as 'The reason I dislike him is...' (Kare ga kirai na riyuu wa...). You understand that 'kirai' can be quite strong and you start using softening expressions like 'amari suki ja nai' (I don't like it very much) in social situations. You also learn how to use 'kirai' with the particle 'no' to nominalize it, or with 'koto' to talk about the act of disliking. You are becoming more aware of the social implications of using such a direct word in Japanese culture.
At the B2 level, you can use 'kirai' in formal and informal registers appropriately. You understand the kanji 嫌 and its use in compound words like 'kegirai' (prejudice/disliking without reason) or 'jikoken'o' (self-hatred). You can discuss abstract concepts of dislike and explain the reasons behind them using complex grammar. You also recognize when 'kirai' is used in literature or news to describe social aversions. Your ability to use synonyms like 'iya' or 'fukai' to express different shades of dislike becomes more refined, allowing you to be more precise in your communication.
At the C1 level, you master the subtle psychological nuances of 'kirai.' You can use it to discuss complex human emotions and social phenomena. You are familiar with idiomatic expressions and proverbs that use the word. You understand how 'kirai' functions in different dialects or highly formal speech. You can analyze the use of 'kirai' in classical or modern literature, noting how it reflects the character's internal state. You also know how to use the word in academic or professional settings to describe negative trends or public sentiment with high precision and appropriate tone.
At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of 'kirai' and all its related forms. You can use it with perfect cultural intuition, knowing exactly when to be direct and when to be indirect. You understand the deep etymological roots of the kanji and how the concept of 'dislike' has evolved in Japanese history. You can engage in deep philosophical debates about the nature of hatred and preference. You are able to use the word in creative writing to evoke specific emotional responses, and you can navigate the most complex social situations where expressing or hiding dislike is a key part of the interaction.
Jetzt üben Beispiele Notizen & Tipps

嫌いな in 30 Sekunden

  • Kirai-na is a na-adjective meaning 'disliked' or 'hated.' It is used to express negative preferences for objects, people, or activities.
  • Grammatically, it requires the particle 'ga' for the object of dislike and the suffix 'na' when modifying a noun directly.
  • In Japanese culture, it is a strong word. People often use 'nigate' (not good at) or 'amari suki ja nai' to be more polite.
  • The negative form is 'kirai ja nai' and the past form is 'kirai datta.' It is often intensified by adding 'dai' to become 'daikirai.'

The Japanese word 嫌いな (kirai-na) is a fundamental 'na-adjective' used to express a state of dislike, aversion, or hatred toward an object, person, or activity. While often translated simply as 'disliked' or 'hated,' its usage in Japanese culture carries significant weight and nuance that learners must master to communicate effectively and politely.

Grammatical Category
Na-adjective (Keiyodoshi)
Core Meaning
Expressing a negative preference or emotional rejection.
Intensity Range
From mild 'don't like' to strong 'loathe' depending on context and modifiers.

In the Japanese linguistic framework, emotions are often expressed as attributes of the subject rather than just verbs. Thus, instead of saying 'I hate X,' you are essentially saying 'X is a hated thing to me.' This shift in perspective is crucial for understanding why the particle が (ga) is used to mark the object of dislike.

私は野菜が嫌いな子供でした。

— I was a child who disliked vegetables.

The kanji 嫌 consists of the 'woman' radical (女) and the phonetic component (兼), which historically suggests a sense of being 'satiated' or 'having too much,' leading to a feeling of aversion. In modern usage, it is the standard way to express any form of dislike.

彼は嫌いな食べ物が多いです。

一番嫌いな科目は数学です。

これは私の嫌いなタイプの人です。

冬の嫌いなところは寒さです。

Negative Form
嫌いではない (Kirai de wa nai) - Not disliked
Past Form
嫌いだった (Kirai datta) - Was disliked

Using 嫌いな correctly requires understanding its role as a na-adjective. In Japanese, na-adjectives act like nouns in some ways but like adjectives in others. When you want to describe a noun as being 'disliked,' you place 'na' between the word 'kirai' and the noun it modifies.

1. The Basic Sentence Pattern

The most common way to express dislike is using the pattern: [Person] は [Object] が 嫌いです. Here, 'ga' marks the thing that is disliked. For example, 'Watashi wa sushi ga kirai desu' (I dislike sushi).

2. Modifying Nouns

When 'kirai' comes before a noun, it takes the 'na' suffix. This is why it is categorized as a na-adjective.
Example: Kirai na tabemono (Food that I dislike). This is a very common way to categorize things or people in conversation.

3. Levels of Politeness

In formal settings, use 嫌いです (kirai desu). In casual settings, you can use 嫌いだ (kirai da) or simply 嫌い (kirai). To make it even stronger, you can add 'dai' to the front: 大嫌い (daikirai), meaning 'to hate' or 'to loathe.'

4. Softening the Expression

Because Japanese culture values harmony (wa), saying you 'hate' something can be too blunt. Often, people use 苦手 (nigate) instead. While 'nigate' technically means 'not good at,' it is frequently used as a polite euphemism for 'I don't like this.'

彼は嫌いな仕事でも一生懸命やります。

— He works hard even at jobs he dislikes.

When asking someone about their preferences, it is more polite to ask 'Suki na mono wa nan desu ka?' (What do you like?) rather than 'Kirai na mono wa nan desu ka?' (What do you dislike?). If you must ask about dislikes, using 'nigate' is usually safer.

You will encounter 嫌いな in a wide variety of contexts, from casual anime dialogue to formal psychological discussions. Understanding where it appears helps you grasp its social weight.

1. Anime and Manga

In anime, characters are often very direct about their feelings. You'll hear phrases like 'Anta nante daikirai!' (I hate you!) or 'Kirai na yatsu da' (He's a guy I dislike). These are often emotionally charged and less polite than real-life daily conversation.

2. Daily Conversations about Food

When eating out, someone might ask, 'Kirai na mono wa arimasu ka?' (Is there anything you dislike?). This is a standard way for a host or a waiter to check for allergies or strong aversions.

3. Surveys and Profiles

On social media profiles or dating apps, you might see sections for 好きなもの (Things I like) and 嫌いなもの (Things I dislike). This is a standard way to describe one's personality and preferences.

4. School Settings

Children often talk about 'kirai na kamoku' (disliked subjects) or 'kirai na sensei' (disliked teachers). As people grow older, they tend to use more nuanced or indirect language, but 'kirai' remains the core word for the concept.

「納豆は嫌いな人が多いですが、私は大好きです。」

— Many people dislike natto, but I love it.

Learners of Japanese often make several predictable errors when using 嫌いな. Avoiding these will make your Japanese sound much more natural.

1. Treating it as an I-Adjective

One of the most common mistakes is trying to conjugate 'kirai' like an i-adjective (e.g., saying *kiraikunai*). Because it ends in 'i', it looks like an i-adjective, but it is actually a na-adjective. The correct negative form is 嫌いじゃない (kirai ja nai) or 嫌いではありません (kirai de wa arimasen).

2. Forgetting the 'Na'

When using it to describe a noun, learners often forget the 'na'. You cannot say *kirai hito*; it must be 嫌いな人 (kirai na hito). The 'na' acts as the bridge between the adjective and the noun.

3. Misusing Particles

In English, we say 'I hate [Object].' In Japanese, the object of your dislike is marked with が (ga), not を (o). While 'o' is sometimes used in very specific grammatical constructions or casual speech, 'ga' is the standard and grammatically correct particle for expressing preferences.

4. Being Too Direct

As mentioned before, 'kirai' is a very strong word. Using it to describe a person you are talking to, or even a person you both know, can be seen as aggressive or immature. Unless you intend to be very blunt, consider using 'amari suki ja nai' (don't like very much) or 'nigate' (not good with).

Japanese has several words that overlap with 嫌いな. Choosing the right one depends on the intensity and the reason for the dislike.

苦手 (Nigate)
Literally 'weak at.' Used for things you aren't good at, but also as a polite way to say you dislike something (especially food or social situations).
嫌 (Iya)
Used for things that are unpleasant, annoying, or that you don't want to do in the moment. 'Iya na shigoto' is a job you find unpleasant.
嫌悪 (Ken'o)
A much stronger, more formal word meaning 'disgust' or 'loathing.' Often used in psychological or literary contexts.
不快 (Fukai)
Means 'unpleasant' or 'uncomfortable.' Used for physical sensations or atmospheres that make you feel bad.

While 嫌い is about personal preference, 苦手 often implies a lack of skill or a psychological barrier. For example, if you say 'I dislike math' (Sugaku ga kirai), it's a matter of taste. If you say 'I'm not good at math' (Sugaku ga nigate), it implies you find it difficult.

「彼は人混みが苦手なので、都会は嫌いな場所です。」

— Because he is bad with crowds, the city is a place he dislikes.

How Formal Is It?

Formell

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Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

私は魚が嫌いです。

I dislike fish.

Basic [Noun] ga kirai desu pattern.

2

バナナは嫌いですか？

Do you dislike bananas?

Question form using 'ka'.

3

私はこれが大嫌いです。

I hate this.

Using 'dai' for emphasis.

4

嫌いじゃないです。

I don't dislike it.

Negative form of na-adjective.

5

昔は野菜が嫌いでした。

I used to dislike vegetables.

Past tense 'deshita'.

6

嫌いな食べ物は何ですか？

What food do you dislike?

Modifying a noun with 'na'.

7

彼は猫が嫌いです。

He dislikes cats.

Describing someone else's preference.

8

嫌いな人は誰ですか？

Who is the person you dislike?

Using 'na' to modify 'hito'.

1

嫌いな科目は数学です。

The subject I dislike is math.

Noun modification.

2

これは私の嫌いなタイプです。

This is the type (of thing/person) I dislike.

Describing a 'type'.

3

嫌いな食べ物を食べなくてもいいです。

You don't have to eat food you dislike.

Relative clause modifying 'tabemono'.

4

彼は嫌いなことには何もしません。

He doesn't do anything regarding things he dislikes.

Using 'koto' for abstract things.

5

嫌いな場所に行きたくないです。

I don't want to go to a place I dislike.

Modifying 'basho' (place).

6

一番嫌いな季節は冬です。

My least favorite season is winter.

Using 'ichiban' (most/first) for emphasis.

7

嫌いな色はありますか？

Are there any colors you dislike?

Asking about preferences.

8

嫌いな動物はいません。

There are no animals I dislike.

Negative existence.

1

嫌いな理由を教えてください。

Please tell me the reason why you dislike it.

Modifying 'riyuu' (reason).

2

彼は嫌いな仕事を無理にやっています。

He is forcing himself to do a job he dislikes.

Describing a continuous action.

3

嫌いな人とも仲良くしなければなりません。

You must get along even with people you dislike.

Social obligation 'nakereba narimasen'.

4

嫌いなものを無理に勧めるのは良くないです。

It's not good to force things people dislike on them.

Nominalizing the phrase with 'no'.

5

彼女が嫌いなのは、彼の嘘です。

What she dislikes is his lying.

Cleft sentence structure.

6

嫌いなことが多すぎて困っています。

I'm troubled because there are too many things I dislike.

Using 'sugiru' (too much).

7

嫌いな食べ物を克服したいです。

I want to overcome the foods I dislike.

Expressing desire 'tai'.

8

嫌いな人からメールが来ました。

I got an email from someone I dislike.

Modifying 'hito' in a 'kara' phrase.

1

嫌いなものほど、よく覚えているものです。

It's often the case that we remember things we dislike the most.

The 'hodo' (the more... the more) construction.

2

彼は嫌いな相手に対しても礼儀正しいです。

He is polite even toward people he dislikes.

Using 'taishite' (toward).

3

嫌いなところを挙げればきりがありません。

There's no end to it if I start listing the things I dislike.

Conditional 'ba' and 'kiri ga nai'.

4

嫌いな環境で働くのはストレスがたまります。

Working in an environment you dislike builds up stress.

Describing a state of being.

5

嫌いな習慣を断ち切るのは難しいです。

It is difficult to break habits you dislike.

Modifying 'shuukan' (habit).

6

嫌いな音を聞くと、耳を塞ぎたくなります。

When I hear a sound I dislike, I want to cover my ears.

Conditional 'to' and 'taku naru'.

7

嫌いな政治家の演説は聞きたくありません。

I don't want to listen to the speeches of politicians I dislike.

Modifying 'seijika' (politician).

8

嫌いな自分を変えたいと思っています。

I'm thinking of changing the 'self' that I dislike.

Reflexive 'jibun'.

1

嫌いな対象が明確であれば、対策も立てやすい。

If the object of dislike is clear, it's easier to take measures.

Formal 'taishou' (target/object).

2

嫌いな感情を抑えるのは、精神的に疲弊します。

Suppressing feelings of dislike is mentally exhausting.

Using 'kanjou' (emotion) and 'hihei' (exhaustion).

3

嫌いな上司の下で働く苦悩は計り知れません。

The suffering of working under a boss one dislikes is immeasurable.

Using 'kunou' (suffering) and 'hakari-shirenai'.

4

嫌いなはずの彼に、なぜか惹かれてしまう。

For some reason, I'm attracted to him, even though I'm supposed to dislike him.

Using 'hazu' (should be/expected).

5

嫌いな食べ物を克服する過程で、新たな発見があった。

In the process of overcoming disliked foods, there were new discoveries.

Using 'katei' (process).

6

嫌いな言葉をあえて使うことで、皮肉を表現した。

I expressed irony by intentionally using words I dislike.

Using 'aete' (daringly/intentionally).

7

嫌いな風景が、時間の経過とともに愛おしくなった。

A landscape I disliked became dear to me with the passage of time.

Using 'itooshiku naru' (become dear).

8

嫌いな属性を排除する動きが社会で強まっている。

The movement to exclude disliked attributes is strengthening in society.

Using 'zokusei' (attribute) and 'haiju' (exclusion).

1

嫌いな存在を抹消したいという衝動は、誰にでもある。

The urge to erase a disliked existence exists in everyone.

Using 'masshou' (erasure) and 'shoudou' (impulse).

2

嫌いなものへの執着が、皮肉にも人生を豊かにする。

Ironically, an obsession with things one dislikes can enrich one's life.

Using 'shuuchaku' (obsession) and 'hiniku' (irony).

3

嫌いな人間関係を清算し、新たな一歩を踏み出した。

I liquidated the human relationships I disliked and took a new step forward.

Using 'seisan' (liquidation/settling).

4

嫌いな文体を模倣することで、己のスタイルを確立した。

By imitating a writing style I disliked, I established my own style.

Using 'mohou' (imitation) and 'kakuritsu' (establishment).

5

嫌いな記憶を美化するのは、人間の防衛本能だろうか。

Is beautifying disliked memories a human defense instinct?

Using 'bika' (beautification) and 'bouei honnou' (defense instinct).

6

嫌いな価値観が衝突する場こそ、真の対話が生まれる。

It is precisely where disliked values clash that true dialogue is born.

Using 'kachikan' (values) and 'shototsu' (clash).

7

嫌いな沈黙を埋めるために、饒舌に語り続けた。

To fill the disliked silence, I continued to speak loquaciously.

Using 'jouzetsu' (loquacity).

8

嫌いな現実を直視せず、空想の世界に逃避した。

Without facing the disliked reality, I escaped into a world of fantasy.

Using 'chokushi' (facing directly) and 'touhi' (escape).

Häufige Kollokationen

嫌いな食べ物 (disliked food)
嫌いな人 (disliked person)
嫌いな科目 (disliked subject)
嫌いなタイプ (disliked type)
嫌いな場所 (disliked place)
嫌いな仕事 (disliked work)
嫌いな言葉 (disliked words)
嫌いな音 (disliked sound)
嫌いな色 (disliked color)
嫌いな季節 (disliked season)

Häufige Phrasen

嫌いじゃない (I don't dislike it)

大嫌い (I hate it)

嫌いになりそう (I think I'm going to dislike it)

嫌いなわけではない (It's not that I dislike it)

嫌いなものはない (There's nothing I dislike)

嫌いなところ (The parts I dislike)

嫌いな人への態度 (Attitude toward people one dislikes)

嫌いな食べ物を克服する (To overcome disliked foods)

嫌いな仕事を引き受ける (To take on a job one dislikes)

嫌いな自分 (The self I dislike)

Wird oft verwechselt mit

嫌いな vs 嫌な (iya-na)

'Iya' is more about 'unpleasant/annoying' in the moment, while 'kirai' is a general preference.

嫌いな vs 苦手 (nigate)

'Nigate' implies being bad at something or a psychological aversion, often used as a polite 'kirai'.

嫌いな vs 嫌う (kirau)

'Kirau' is the verb form, used for actions or more formal descriptions of dislike.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

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Leicht verwechselbar

嫌いな vs

嫌いな vs

嫌いな vs

嫌いな vs

嫌いな vs

Satzmuster

So verwendest du es

directness

Be careful using 'kirai' with people; it's very personal.

grammar trap

Don't say 'kiraikunai'. It's 'kirai ja nai'.

synonym choice

Use 'nigate' for skills/foods, 'kirai' for feelings/tastes.

Häufige Fehler
  • Saying 'kiraikunai' instead of 'kirai ja nai'.
  • Saying 'kirai hito' instead of 'kirai na hito'.
  • Using the 'o' particle (e.g., *sushi o kirai) instead of 'ga'.
  • Using 'kirai' too directly with a boss or teacher.
  • Confusing 'kirai' (dislike) with 'kirei' (beautiful).

Tipps

The 'Na' Rule

Never forget the 'na' when placing 'kirai' before a noun. It's 'kirai na mono,' not 'kirai mono.' This is the most common error for A1-A2 learners. Practice saying 'kirai na' as one unit.

Softening Dislike

In Japan, being direct about dislikes can be rude. Use 'amari suki ja nai' (don't like much) instead. This maintains 'wa' (harmony) in the conversation. It shows you have good social manners.

Kirai vs Nigate

Use 'nigate' for things you find difficult or social situations. Use 'kirai' for things that are a matter of pure taste, like food. Knowing the difference makes you sound more like a native speaker. 'Nigate' is often safer in polite company.

Kanji Recognition

The kanji 嫌 has the woman radical on the left. While the history is complex, you can remember it by imagining someone being picky. Don't confuse it with 謙 (humble) which has the speech radical. Look closely at the left side.

Intonation

Keep the pitch flat for 'kirai.' If you stress the 'ra' too much, it might sound unnatural. Listen to native speakers in anime to get the emotional 'daikirai' vs the factual 'kirai' intonation. Pitch accent is key for sounding natural.

Catching the 'Ga'

When listening, focus on the word right before 'ga kirai.' That is the thing being disliked. Japanese sentences often omit the 'I' (watashi wa), so the 'ga' is your best clue. It helps you follow the topic of the conversation.

Using Modifiers

Use 'ichiban' (most) or 'chotto' (a little) to add detail. 'Ichiban kirai na' means 'the one I dislike most.' This makes your writing more descriptive and interesting. It's a simple way to upgrade your sentences.

Picky Eaters

The term 'suki-kirai' is often used for picky eaters. If you are one, you can say 'Suki-kirai ga arimasu.' It's a common way to explain why you aren't eating certain things. It sounds more like a trait than a complaint.

Asking Questions

Instead of asking 'What do you hate?', ask 'Is there anything you are not good with?' (Nigate na mono wa arimasu ka?). This is much more polite and less intrusive. It allows the other person to answer comfortably. Politeness is built into the choice of words.

The 'I' Trap

Remind yourself: 'Kirai is not an I-adjective!' even though it ends in 'i'. Write it down as 'Kira-i(NA)' to burn it into your memory. This will save you from many conjugation mistakes. It's a classic Japanese learner's trap.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

Kultureller Kontext

Avoid using 'kirai' when talking to superiors about their interests.

It is polite to mention your 'kirai na mono' (dislikes) before a dinner party to help the host.

Lists of likes and dislikes are common in Japanese 'self-introduction' (jikoshoukai) culture.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"嫌いな食べ物はありますか？ (Are there any foods you dislike?)"

"子供の頃、嫌いな科目は何でしたか？ (What subjects did you dislike as a child?)"

"嫌いなタイプの人ってどんな人ですか？ (What kind of people do you dislike?)"

"冬の嫌いなところはどこですか？ (What do you dislike about winter?)"

"どうしても嫌いな習慣はありますか？ (Are there any habits you just can't stand?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

私の嫌いなものリストとその理由。 (A list of things I dislike and the reasons why.)

嫌いな人を許すことはできますか？ (Can you forgive someone you dislike?)

昔は嫌いだったけど、今は好きなもの。 (Things I used to dislike but like now.)

嫌いな仕事をしなければならない時、どうしますか？ (What do you do when you have to do a job you dislike?)

社会から嫌いなものを一つ消せるとしたら？ (If you could erase one thing you dislike from society?)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, it is a na-adjective. Even though it ends in 'i', it conjugates like 'shizuka' or 'kirei'. You must use 'na' to modify nouns. The negative is 'kirai ja nai'. This is a common mistake for beginners. Always remember it belongs to the 'na' group.

Yes, but it is very strong. Saying 'kare ga kirai' means you really dislike him. In social settings, it might sound immature or harsh. It's better to say 'nigate' or 'amari suki ja nai'. Use it only with close friends or when you want to be very clear.

'Daikirai' is simply a stronger version of 'kirai'. The 'dai' prefix means 'big' or 'great'. It translates to 'hate' or 'loathe'. It is used for things you absolutely cannot stand. It is very common in emotional anime scenes.

In Japanese, words for 'like' and 'dislike' are adjectives, not verbs. You are describing the object as having the quality of being 'disliked'. Therefore, the object is the subject of that description, marked by 'ga'. This is a fundamental rule for all preference adjectives. English speakers often find this confusing because they think in terms of 'I hate X'.

You can say 'amari suki ja nai desu'. This is much more common and polite than saying 'kirai'. 'Amari' means 'not very' when used with a negative verb or adjective. It softens the blow of the negative preference. It's a key phrase for polite conversation.

Usually, no. For things you are bad at, use 'nigate' or 'heta'. However, people often dislike things they are bad at, so there is overlap. If you want to emphasize the lack of skill, 'nigate' is better. If you want to emphasize the lack of interest/taste, 'kirai' is better.

Yes, 'kirai' can function as a noun meaning 'dislike'. For example, 'suki-kirai' means 'likes and dislikes' or 'pickiness'. You might hear 'suki-kirai ga hageshii' (to be a very picky eater). In this form, it doesn't need 'na'.

It is a common idiom '食わず嫌い'. It refers to disliking a food without ever having tasted it. It is also used metaphorically for people who judge things before trying them. It's a very useful phrase in daily life. It literally means 'disliking without eating'.

The word itself is neutral. Its politeness depends on what follows it. 'Kirai desu' is polite, while 'kirai da' or just 'kirai' is informal. In very formal situations, people avoid 'kirai' altogether and use more sophisticated words.

You would say 'mukashi kirai datta hito'. You use the past tense of the na-adjective 'kirai datta' to modify the noun 'hito'. This is a great way to practice relative clauses. It shows how the adjective functions as a descriptor over time.

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