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B1 noun #7,000 am häufigsten 3 Min. Lesezeit

復讐

fukushu Top 7,000

When discussing '復讐' (fukushuu), it's important to understand its nuances beyond a simple translation of 'revenge' or 'vengeance.' While it certainly encompasses those meanings, it often carries a weightier implication in Japanese culture, frequently appearing in contexts of honor, justice, or deeply felt wrongs. It's not always about personal spite, but can also refer to a collective or historical act of righting a perceived injustice. Furthermore, '復讐' can be both a noun and, when paired with the verb する (suru), it becomes '復讐する' (fukushuu suru), meaning 'to take revenge.'

Jetzt üben Beispiele

Understanding how to use 復讐 (fukushuu) in sentences is crucial for mastering this word. As a noun, 復讐 often combines with verbs like する (suru), 誓う (chikau), and 企てる (kokuotteru) to form common expressions. Let's break down the grammar and common patterns.

§ Basic Sentence Structures with 復讐

The most common way to use 復讐 is with the verb する (suru), meaning "to do." This combination, 復讐する (fukushuu suru), directly translates to "to get revenge" or "to take revenge."

Grammar Point: Noun + する = To do [Noun]

彼は私に復讐した。

Kare wa watashi ni fukushuu shita.

He took revenge on me. (Hint: 彼 - he, 私 - me, に - on/to)

彼女は彼の死の復讐を誓った。

Kanojo wa kare no shi no fukushuu o chikatta.

She vowed revenge for his death. (Hint: 彼女 - she, 彼 - his, 死 - death, 誓う - vow)

§ Expressing the Target of Revenge

To indicate *who* or *what* the revenge is directed towards, you often use the particle に (ni) or に対して (ni taishite). Both can mean "to" or "against" in this context.

に (ni): More common and natural for people.
に対して (ni taishite): Slightly more formal or emphatic, can be used for people or organizations/concepts.

彼は敵に復讐した。

Kare wa teki ni fukushuu shita.

He took revenge on his enemy. (Hint: 敵 - enemy)

会社に対して復讐を企てた。

Kaisha ni taishite fukushuu o kokuotteru.

He plotted revenge against the company. (Hint: 会社 - company, 企てる - plot/scheme)

§ Expressing the Purpose or Reason for Revenge

When you want to state *why* someone is seeking revenge, you can use particles like のため (no tame) for "for the sake of" or simply connect the reason with の (no) as a possessive, implying "revenge of/for [reason]."

家族のため、彼は復讐を決意した。

Kazoku no tame, kare wa fukushuu o ketsui shita.

For his family's sake, he resolved to get revenge. (Hint: 家族 - family, 決意する - resolve)

§ 復讐 as a Noun Modifier

復讐 can also modify other nouns, often by using the particle の (no), similar to how "revenge" can be an adjective in English (e.g., "a revenge plot").

復讐の計画は失敗した。

Fukushuu no keikaku wa shippai shita.

The revenge plan failed. (Hint: 計画 - plan, 失敗する - fail)

§ Common Verbs Used with 復讐

Beyond する, here are some other verbs frequently paired with 復讐:

誓う (chikau): To vow/swear revenge.
彼は死んだ友の復讐を誓った。
Kare wa shinda tomo no fukushuu o chikatta.
He swore revenge for his dead friend. (Hint: 死んだ - dead, 友 - friend)
企てる (kokuotteru): To plot/scheme revenge.
彼女は彼に対する復讐を企てている。
Kanojo wa kare ni taisuru fukushuu o kokuotteru.
She is plotting revenge against him. (Hint: に対する - against)
果たす (hatasu): To achieve/fulfill revenge.
ついに復讐を果たした。
Tsui ni fukushuu o hatashita.
He finally got his revenge. (Hint: ついに - finally)

§ Nuances and Context

While 復讐 generally means "revenge," its usage can carry different emotional weights depending on the context. It's a strong word, often associated with intense emotions like anger, injustice, or a desire for retribution.

Practice these sentence structures to get comfortable with 復讐. Understanding its grammatical patterns will help you express yourself more accurately in Japanese when talking about this powerful concept.

Beispiele nach Niveau

彼の心には、長年の恨みが復讐心として燃え上がっていた。

In his heart, years of resentment flared up as a desire for revenge.

彼女は裏切り者への復讐を誓い、その計画を着々と進めていった。

She swore revenge on the betrayer and steadily carried out her plan.

復讐の連鎖は、新たな悲劇しか生まない。

The chain of revenge only creates new tragedies.

彼は愛する者を失った悲しみから、復讐へと駆り立てられた。

He was driven to revenge by the sorrow of losing his loved one.

その事件は、個人的な復讐が引き起こしたとされている。

That incident is believed to have been caused by personal revenge.

復讐を果たした後も、彼の心は満たされることはなかった。

Even after achieving revenge, his heart was not satisfied.

彼は家族の仇を討つため、復讐の旅に出た。

He embarked on a journey of revenge to avenge his family.

復讐は一時的な満足しかもたらさない、と彼は悟った。

He realized that revenge only brings temporary satisfaction.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

復讐 vs 復讐する (ふくしゅうする)

This is the verb form of 復讐, meaning 'to take revenge' or 'to avenge'. It directly relates to the noun and isn't a separate confusing word, but rather its verbal usage.

復讐 vs 恨み (うらみ)

恨み means 'grudge' or 'resentment'. While it's the emotion that often fuels 復讐, it's not the act of revenge itself. One can hold a grudge without taking revenge.

復讐 vs 報い (むくい)

報い means 'recompense' or 'retribution'. It refers to the consequences or rewards (good or bad) that one receives for their actions, often with a sense of poetic justice. It's a broader concept than 復讐, which is a deliberate act of vengeance.

Grammatikmuster

Noun + に (ni): indicates the target of an action (e.g., on whom revenge is sought). 〜を誓う (o chikau): to swear an oath. 〜のために (no tame ni): for the sake of, for the purpose of. Verb-dictionary form + 機会 (kikai): an opportunity to do something.

Leicht verwechselbar

復讐 vs 仕返し (しかえし)

This word also means revenge or retaliation, similar to 復讐. The main confusion lies in the nuances of their usage.

仕返し often implies a more immediate, personal, or petty act of revenge. It can be used for smaller, everyday retaliations. 復讐, on the other hand, often implies a more serious, long-term, and perhaps grander act of revenge, sometimes with a moral or justice-seeking undertone. It's often used in stories or dramas.

彼に意地悪されたから、仕返しをした。(He was mean to me, so I got him back / retaliated.)

復讐 vs 報復 (ほうふく)

報復 also translates to retaliation or revenge, making it seem interchangeable with 復讐.

報復 is generally more formal and often used in contexts of national or organizational retaliation, like military actions or economic sanctions. It carries a strong sense of a measured and official response to an offense, rather than a personal vendetta.

その国はテロ攻撃に対して報復措置をとった。(That country took retaliatory measures against the terrorist attack.)

復讐 vs 雪辱 (せつじょく)

This word relates to overcoming a past defeat or humiliation, which can feel like a form of 'revenge' in a sporting or competitive context.

雪辱 specifically means 'to wipe out a disgrace' or 'to avenge a defeat'. It's about recovering one's honor after a loss, often in a competition. It's not about inflicting harm on someone else for a past wrong, but rather about proving oneself. 復讐 is about getting back at someone for a wrong they committed.

彼は次の試合で雪辱を果たすと誓った。(He swore to avenge his defeat in the next match.)

復讐 vs 逆襲 (ぎゃくしゅう)

逆襲 means counterattack or comeback, which might be confused with taking revenge, especially in a competitive or combative scenario.

逆襲 is a direct counter-movement against an attack or a sudden turn of events in a game or battle. It's more about reversing the situation rather than punishing for a past wrong. While it can involve retaliatory action, the focus is on turning the tide.

敵は激しい逆襲を開始した。(The enemy launched a fierce counterattack.)

復讐 vs 復讐劇 (ふくしゅうげき)

This is a compound word using 復讐, and learners might wonder if it's just a more formal way of saying revenge.

復讐劇 specifically means a 'revenge drama' or 'revenge play'. It refers to a genre of literature, film, or theater where the central theme is revenge. It's not an action of revenge itself, but a story about it.

その映画は古典的な復讐劇だった。(That movie was a classic revenge drama.)

Satzmuster

〜に復讐を誓う (〜 ni fukushuu o chikau)

彼は私に復讐を誓った。 (Kare wa watashi ni fukushuu o chikatta.)

復讐のために〜 (fukushuu no tame ni ~)

復讐のために生きているわけではない。 (Fukushuu no tame ni ikiteiru wake dewa nai.)

復讐する (fukushuu suru)

彼女は彼の裏切りに復讐した。 (Kanojo wa kare no uragiri ni fukushuu shita.)

復讐の機会 (fukushuu no kikai)

復讐する機会を待っていた。 (Fukushuu suru kikai o matteita.)