許可する
When you want to say that something is allowed, or someone gives permission for something, you use the verb 許可する (kyoka suru). It's like saying "to permit" or "to approve" in English.
You can use it when a person gives permission, or when a rule allows something. For example, if a teacher says you can use your phone, they 許可します (kyoka shimasu) it. If a sign says no parking, it means parking is not 許可されています (kyoka sarete imasu).
When you want to say “to permit,” “to approve,” or “to authorize” in Japanese, the verb you’re looking for is 許可する (kyoka suru). This is a very practical verb that you'll use in many situations, from asking for permission to do something to a company approving a new project.
For example, if you need to ask for permission to take a picture, you might use 許可する. Or, if a manager approves a proposal, they would 許可する it. It's a clear and direct way to express permission or authorization.
When discussing permission in Japanese, 「許可する」 (kyoka suru) is a key verb to know. It directly translates to "to permit," "to approve," or "to authorize."
This verb is commonly used in more formal contexts, such as official requests or when seeking approval from a superior or an institution. You'll often see it in situations where a formal authorization is granted or denied.
For example, if you're talking about getting permission to build something, or getting authorization for a project, 「許可する」 is the appropriate verb. It implies a conscious decision to allow something after consideration.
While other words like 「許す」 (yurusu) can also mean "to permit," 「許可する」 carries a stronger sense of official or formal approval. Understanding this distinction is crucial for accurate communication at a C1 level.
§ Don't confuse 許可する with 許す (yurusu)
Many learners, especially at the B1 level, tend to mix up 許可する (kyoka suru) and 許す (yurusu). While both can be translated as 'to permit' or 'to allow' in some contexts, their nuances are quite different. 許可する specifically means to grant official permission or approval, often from a position of authority or according to rules. Think of it as a formal go-ahead.
- DEFINITION
- To officially permit, approve, or authorize based on rules or authority.
On the other hand, 許す (yurusu) has a broader meaning. It can mean to forgive, to excuse, or to allow in a more general sense, often without the formality or official capacity of 許可する. For example, a parent might 許す their child to stay up late, or you might 許す someone for a mistake they made. It's about personal allowance or forgiveness.
§ Using 許可する without a clear subject
When using 許可する, it's important to be clear about who is granting the permission. Since it implies a formal or official act, there's usually an entity (person, organization, etc.) that holds the authority to permit. Omitting this can make your Japanese sound unnatural or unclear.
Consider these examples:
-
学校が駐車を許可しました。(Gakkō ga chūsha o kyoka shimashita.)
Hint: The school permitted parking. (Here, '学校' (school) is the clear subject granting permission.)
-
私の両親は海外旅行を許可してくれました。(Watashi no ryōshin wa kaigai ryokō o kyoka shite kuremashita.)
Hint: My parents permitted me to travel abroad. (Even though it's family, '両親' (parents) are granting official permission for a significant activity.)
§ Incorrect particle usage with 許可する
When using 許可する, the thing being permitted typically takes the object particle を (o). It's a common mistake to use other particles like に (ni) or が (ga) for the object of permission. Make sure to attach を to the noun or noun phrase that is being permitted.
- DEFINITION
- To permit, approve, or authorize something (noun) using the particle を (o).
Here's an example of correct particle usage:
先生は学生の質問を許可しました。(Sensei wa gakusei no shitsumon o kyoka shimashita.)
Hint: The teacher permitted the students' questions. (The '質問' (questions) are what is being permitted, so it takes を.)
§ Overusing 許可する in informal contexts
While 許可する is useful for formal situations, it can sound overly stiff or unnatural in casual conversations. In informal settings, Japanese speakers often use simpler expressions to convey permission or allowance, or rely on context.
Instead of 許可する, you might hear or use:
- ~てもいい (temo ii): This is a very common and natural way to express 'can I?' or 'is it okay to?'.
- ~てくれる (te kureru): Implies someone doing a favor, which can include allowing something.
For example, if you want to ask a friend if you can borrow their pen, saying 「ペンを許可してくれますか？」 (Pen o kyoka shite kuremasu ka?) would sound very strange. A more natural way would be:
ペンを借りてもいいですか。(Pen o karitemo ii desu ka?)
Hint: Is it okay if I borrow your pen?
§ Understanding 許可する (kyoka suru)
You've learned that 許可する (kyoka suru) means 'to permit, approve, or authorize'. It's a very common and useful word, especially in formal contexts. Think about situations where you need official permission for something. That's where 許可する comes in handy.
§ Similar Words and Their Nuances
Japanese has several words that can seem similar to 許可する. Let's break them down so you know when to use each one.
- 認める (mitomeru)
- This word can also mean 'to recognize,' 'to admit,' 'to approve,' or 'to allow.' While it overlaps with 許可する, 認める often carries a stronger sense of acknowledging or accepting something as true or valid. It's more about recognizing the legitimacy or existence of something.
彼の才能を認める。(Kare no sainō o mitomeru.)
Hint: I recognize his talent.
会社は彼の辞職を認めた。(Kaisha wa kare no jishoku o mitometa.)
Hint: The company accepted his resignation.
- 許す (yurusu)
- This word means 'to forgive,' 'to pardon,' or 'to allow.' While it can mean 'to allow,' its primary nuance is about forgiving someone or overlooking an offense. It's often used in more personal or emotional contexts.
私を許してください。(Watashi o yurushite kudasai.)
Hint: Please forgive me.
私は彼を許した。(Watashi wa kare o yurushita.)
Hint: I forgave him.
§ When to Use 許可する (kyoka suru)
Use 許可する when you're talking about:
- Official permission from an authority (e.g., government, school, company).
- Formal approval for a plan, project, or action.
- Authorization to proceed with something.
It always implies a formal process or a clear decision from a position of authority.
入国を許可する。(Nyūkoku o kyoka suru.)
Hint: To permit entry into the country.
彼は運転免許の取得を許可された。(Kare wa unten menkyo no shutoku o kyoka sareta.)
Hint: He was authorized to obtain a driver's license.
Beispiele nach Niveau
入る前に、先生に許可してもらいます。
Before entering, you need permission from the teacher.
私は友達に私の本を貸すことを許可しました。
I permitted my friend to borrow my book.
ここでの喫煙は許可されていません。
Smoking is not permitted here.
医者は患者に外出を許可しました。
The doctor authorized the patient to go out.
親は子供に夜遅くまで起きていることを許可しました。
The parents allowed their child to stay up late.
彼らは私たちに公園でピクニックをすることを許可しました。
They approved us having a picnic in the park.
学校は生徒が携帯電話を使うことを許可していません。
The school does not permit students to use cell phones.
彼女は彼に彼女の車を使うことを許可しました。
She permitted him to use her car.
彼らはその計画を許可することに同意しました。
They agreed to permit the plan.
上司は私の早退を許可してくれた。
My boss permitted me to leave early.
入国管理局は彼のビザを許可しなかった。
The immigration office did not approve his visa.
このソフトウェアは個人での使用のみ許可されています。
This software is authorized for personal use only.
両親は私が留学することを許可してくれた。
My parents permitted me to study abroad.
市は新しい建物の建設を許可しました。
The city approved the construction of the new building.
運転免許証を持っていれば、車の運転が許可されます。
If you have a driver's license, you are permitted to drive a car.
セキュリティ上の理由から、写真撮影は許可されていません。
For security reasons, photography is not permitted.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
"許可が下りる"
To receive permission, permission is granted
新しいプロジェクトの許可が下りたので、すぐに開始できます。
neutral"許可を得る"
To obtain permission
海外旅行に行くために、会社から許可を得る必要があります。
neutral"無許可で"
Without permission, unauthorized
無許可で公園にテントを張ることはできません。
neutral"許可を与える"
To give permission
先生が生徒たちに図書館で静かに話す許可を与えた。
neutral"許可申請"
Application for permission
ビザの許可申請は時間がかかることがあります。
formal"許可証"
Permit, license
運転には運転許可証が必要です。
neutral"許可制"
Permit system, requiring permission
この施設は許可制なので、事前に申請してください。
neutral"特別許可"
Special permission
緊急事態なので、特別許可が与えられました。
neutral"許可を求める"
To ask for permission, to request authorization
部長に会議の開催許可を求める。
neutral"許可なく"
Without permission
許可なく写真撮影をすることは禁止されています。
neutralTipps
許可する vs. 許す
While both mean 'to permit', 許可する (kyoka suru) is more formal and often used in official contexts, like getting permission from a supervisor or for a formal approval. 許す (yurusu) can also mean 'to forgive' and is more general.
Verb Type: する Verb
許可する is a 'suru' verb. This means it can be split into the noun 許可 (kyoka - permission) and the verb する (suru - to do). This is common in Japanese and understanding it helps with many vocabulary words.
Common Sentence Structure
You'll often see it used with the particle を (o) or が (ga) to indicate what is being permitted. For example: 運転を許可する (unten o kyoka suru - to permit driving).
Negative Form
The negative form is 許可しない (kyoka shinai - do not permit/approve). Remember to conjugate する to しない for the negative plain form.
Past Tense
The past tense is 許可した (kyoka shita - permitted/approved). Again, conjugate する to した for the past plain form.
Formal Request for Permission
When asking for permission formally, you might use 許可をいただけますか (kyoka o itadakemasu ka - Could I receive permission?) or 許可をお願いします (kyoka o onegai shimasu - I request your permission).
Opposite Meaning
The opposite of 許可する is 禁止する (kinshi suru - to prohibit/forbid). Knowing antonyms helps solidify understanding.
Noun Form: 許可
Remember that 許可 by itself means 'permission', 'approval', or 'authorization'. You can use it in phrases like 許可を得る (kyoka o eru - to get permission).
Contextual Usage
Think about situations where you need formal approval: a visa application, building permits, or a supervisor's authorization for a project. This helps you remember when to use 許可する.
Examples to Practice
Practice with example sentences: 入国を許可する (nyūkoku o kyoka suru - to permit entry into a country). 計画を許可する (keikaku o kyoka suru - to approve a plan).
Teste dich selbst 12 Fragen
Choose the correct particle to complete the sentence: 先生は学生が図書館で話すこと___許可しました。
When '許可する' means to permit an action, the action phrase often takes the object particle 'を'.
Which of these phrases correctly uses 許可する?
許可する is used for actions or situations that require permission, like going out (外出).
How do you say 'The teacher permitted the student to go home'?
The structure 'V-ること を 許可する' is common for permitting an action. 'こと' nominalizes the verb phrase '家に帰る'.
You can use 許可する to say 'I permitted the door'.
許可する is used for actions or requests, not for inanimate objects directly. You can permit someone to open the door, but not the door itself.
「私は公園で遊ぶことを許可しました」means 'I permitted playing in the park'.
This sentence correctly uses '許可する' to mean giving permission for an action, 'playing in the park'.
If someone asks '入ってもいいですか？' (May I come in?), a polite way to say 'Yes, you may come in' using 許可する is 「はい、許可しました」.
While grammatically correct, 'はい、許可しました' sounds overly formal and less natural in this context. A more common and natural response would be 'はい、どうぞ' (Yes, please come in) or '入ってもいいですよ' (You may come in).
先生は学生が図書館で静かに勉強することを___しました。 (The teacher ___ the students to study quietly in the library.)
「許可する」は「許す、承認する」という意味です。文脈から先生が学生に静かに勉強することを許した、という意味になるため、「許可しました」が適切です。
親は子供が遅くまで外で遊ぶことを___ません。 (Parents do not ___ their children to play outside late.)
「許可する」は「許す、承認する」という意味です。親が子供に遅くまで外で遊ぶことを許さない、という意味になるため、「許可しません」が適切です。
あなたは上司にこの計画の変更を___べきです。 (You should ___ your boss for a change to this plan.)
「許可を得る」は「許可をもらう」という意味です。上司から計画変更の許可をもらう、という意味になるため、「許可を得る」が適切です。
医者は彼に運動を___しました。 (The doctor ___ him to exercise.)
「許可する」は「許す、承認する」という意味です。医者が彼に運動をすることを許した、という意味になるため、「許可しました」が適切です。
この場所では喫煙が___されています。 (Smoking is ___ in this place.)
「許可する」は「許す、承認する」という意味です。この場所では喫煙が許されている、という意味になるため、「許可されています」が適切です。
彼は両親から海外旅行を___ました。 (He ___ to travel abroad by his parents.)
「許可する」は「許す、承認する」という意味です。彼が両親から海外旅行を許された、という意味になるため、「許可されました」が適切です。
/ 12 correct
Perfect score!
許可する vs. 許す
While both mean 'to permit', 許可する (kyoka suru) is more formal and often used in official contexts, like getting permission from a supervisor or for a formal approval. 許す (yurusu) can also mean 'to forgive' and is more general.
Verb Type: する Verb
許可する is a 'suru' verb. This means it can be split into the noun 許可 (kyoka - permission) and the verb する (suru - to do). This is common in Japanese and understanding it helps with many vocabulary words.
Common Sentence Structure
You'll often see it used with the particle を (o) or が (ga) to indicate what is being permitted. For example: 運転を許可する (unten o kyoka suru - to permit driving).
Negative Form
The negative form is 許可しない (kyoka shinai - do not permit/approve). Remember to conjugate する to しない for the negative plain form.
Verwandte Inhalte
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Mehr general Wörter
いくつか
B1An unspecified small number of things; some, a few.
ちょっと
A2A little; a moment; a bit. Small amount or short time.
すこし
A2A little; a few.
さっき
A2A little while ago; a short time past.
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
～について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
～ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
