Explanation at your level:
Hello! Today we're learning 見える (mieru). It's a word that means you can see something. Like, if you look out the window and see a bird, you can say, 'I see a bird!' In Japanese, you can say 「鳥が見える。」 (Tori ga mieru.). It's when your eyes can find something. It's like pointing and saying, 'Look! There it is!' It's a simple word for when things are there for you to see.
The verb 見える (mieru) is used when something is visible or when you have the ability to see. For example, if you are in the mountains and can see the city below, you would say, 「街が見える。」 (Machi ga mieru.). It means 'The city is visible.' It can also mean you are able to see, like 「よく見える。」 (Yoku mieru.), meaning 'I can see well.' It's a common way to talk about what you can perceive with your eyes.
見える (mieru) is a fundamental Japanese verb indicating visibility or the capacity to see. It's often used to describe things that are perceptible in a given environment. For instance, 「夜空に星がたくさん見える。」 (Yozora ni hoshi ga takusan mieru.) translates to 'Many stars are visible in the night sky.' It can also express personal visual ability, such as 「老眼で見えにくい。」 (Rōgan de mienikui.) – 'It's hard to see due to presbyopia.' Understanding 見える is key to describing visual scenes and personal perception.
The verb 見える (mieru) signifies that something is perceptible to the eye or that one possesses the faculty of sight. It differs from the active verb 見る (miru) by often implying a state of being seen or an inherent ability. Consider the nuance in 「彼の才能は誰の目にも見えるだろう。」 (Kare no sainō wa dare no me ni mo mieru darō.) – 'His talent is probably visible to everyone's eyes.' This suggests an obvious, inherent quality. It's also used for functional sight, like 「この眼鏡でよく見える。」 (Kono megane de yoku mieru.) – 'I can see well with these glasses.' Mastering 見える allows for more precise descriptions of visual phenomena and capabilities.
In advanced Japanese, 見える (mieru) extends beyond simple visual perception. It can denote a sense of being apparent or manifest, sometimes with subtle implications of potential or possibility. For example, in a business context, 「この計画は成功が見える。」 (Kono keikaku wa seikō ga mieru.) might suggest 'This plan shows potential for success.' It can also be used metaphorically. The phrase 「人の心が読める」 (Hito no kokoro ga yomeru) uses a different verb, but the concept of 'seeing' into someone's feelings or intentions can sometimes be expressed using variations related to 見える in more literary or nuanced contexts, implying an intuitive or perceived understanding rather than direct sight.
At the mastery level, 見える (mieru) reveals its depth, encompassing not just physical visibility but also abstract perception and potentiality. It can imply a sense of destiny or inevitability, as in 「彼の成功は約束されたもののように見える。」 (Kare no seikō wa yakusoku sareta mono no yō ni mieru.) – 'His success seems like something promised.' This usage borders on foresight or strong intuition. Furthermore, 見える can be employed in philosophical or spiritual contexts, referring to a higher perception or an unseen reality becoming manifest. Its grammatical structure, often appearing as a potential form, underscores its connection to possibility and inherent capability, making it a cornerstone for expressing nuanced states of perception and existence in Japanese.
Wort in 30 Sekunden
- Meaning: To be visible, to be able to see.
- Grammar: Group 2 verb, often uses particle が (ga) for the subject.
- Key Distinction: Different from 見る (miru - to actively see).
- Usage: Describing scenery, ability to see, and sometimes abstract potential.
Hey there! Let's dive into the Japanese verb 見える (mieru). It's a super useful word that basically means 'to be visible' or 'to be able to see'. Think of it as the passive form of 'to see', but it also carries the meaning of having the ability to see. It’s all about what your eyes can pick up!
You'll use 見える in all sorts of situations. Is that mountain visible from here? Can you see the train coming? Does that sign look clear? All these questions can be answered using 見える. It’s a fundamental verb for describing the world around us and our perception of it. So, get ready to start seeing things in a new light (pun intended!) with this versatile verb!
The verb 見える (mieru) is formed from the root of the verb 見る (miru), which means 'to see'. The addition of the suffix -える (-eru) transforms it into a potential-form-like verb, indicating possibility or ability. Historically, verbs ending in -eru often denoted potential or natural occurrence, and 見える fits this pattern perfectly.
It's related to the idea of something 'coming into view' or being 'in a state to be seen'. Think about how things naturally become visible as you approach them or as light conditions change. The evolution of Japanese grammar saw these forms solidify, making 見える a distinct and essential verb. Its roots are deeply embedded in the fundamental act of perception, making it a core part of the language for millennia.
見える (mieru) is incredibly versatile! You can use it to talk about things that are physically present and observable. For instance, 「遠くに富士山が見える。」 (Tōku ni Fujisan ga mieru.) – 'Mount Fuji is visible in the distance.' Here, it emphasizes that Fuji is in a state of being seen.
It also expresses the ability to see. If you have good eyesight, you might say, 「よく見える。」 (Yoku mieru.) – 'I can see well.' This highlights your personal capacity. Remember, while 見る (miru) is the active verb 'to see', 見える (mieru) often implies that something is *able* to be seen or is *currently* in a state of visibility. It's common in everyday conversations, from describing scenery to checking if someone is visible in a crowd.
While 見える (mieru) itself is quite direct, it appears in expressions that add nuance:
- 目に見える (me ni mieru): This literally means 'visible to the eye' and emphasizes something that is clearly and obviously apparent. 「効果が目に見えて現れた。」 (Kōka ga me ni miete arawareta.) – 'The effects became visibly apparent.'
- 人目につく (hitome ni tsuku): Though not directly using 見える, it relates to being seen by others. It means 'to attract attention' or 'to be conspicuous'. 「そんな派手な服は人目につくよ。」 (Sonna hade na fuku wa hitome ni tsuku yo.) – 'Such flashy clothes will attract attention.'
- 顔が見えない (kao ga mienai): This can mean literally 'can't see someone's face', but often implies 'faceless' or 'anonymous', especially in online interactions. 「ネットでは顔が見えないので安心できない。」 (Netto de wa kao ga mienai node anshin dekinai.) – 'Since you can't see faces online, you can't feel secure.'
- 目に焼き付く (me ni yakitsuku): This means 'to be imprinted on one's eyes', suggesting a sight that is unforgettable. 「あの光景は目に焼き付いて離れない。」 (Ano kōkei wa me ni yakitsuite hanarenai.) – 'That scene is imprinted on my mind and won't leave.'
見える (mieru) is a Group 2 verb (also known as ichidan or ru-verb). This means its conjugation is quite regular. For example, its past tense is 見えた (mieta), its negative form is 見えない (mienai), and its te-form is 見えて (miete).
Pronunciation: The word is typically broken down into three syllables: mi-e-ru. The stress is fairly even across the syllables. In British English, it might sound like 'mee-eh-roo', while in American English, it's similar, perhaps with a slightly quicker 'eh' sound. Rhyming words are uncommon for this specific structure in English, but words ending in '-eer' or '-ear' might offer a loose phonetic similarity, like 'clear' or 'near', though the vowel sounds differ.
Fun Fact
The suffix -える (-eru) is often associated with potential verbs (like 食べられる - taberareru, can eat), and 見える shares this grammatical feel, emphasizing possibility and ability.
Pronunciation Guide
Sounds like 'mee-EH-roo', with a slight emphasis on the second syllable.
Similar to British, 'mee-EH-roo', perhaps a slightly quicker 'eh' sound.
Common Errors
- Pronouncing it as one syllable 'mieru'.
- Putting too much stress on the first syllable 'MI-eru'.
- Making the 'e' sound too long or too short.
Rhymes With
Difficulty Rating
Easy to read in basic forms, nuances increase difficulty.
Basic usage is straightforward, advanced usage requires care.
Pronunciation is simple, but choosing between 見る and 見える needs practice.
Common word, usually easy to distinguish in context.
What to Learn Next
Prerequisites
Learn Next
Fortgeschritten
Grammar to Know
Potential Form Verbs
食べる (taberu) -> 食べられる (taberareru - can eat). 見える functions similarly.
Particles が (ga) and を (o)
猫を見る (neko o miru - see THE cat, direct object) vs. 猫が見える (neko ga mieru - THE cat is visible, subject).
Verb Conjugation (Group 2)
見えます (miemasu - polite), 見えない (mienai - negative), 見えた (mieta - past).
Examples by Level
犬が見える。
dog visible.
Subject + が + 見える
空が見える。
sky visible.
Subject + が + 見える
おもちゃが見える？
toy visible?
Question form
遠くの山が見える。
far mountain visible.
Adjective + Noun + が + 見える
何も見えない。
nothing visible.
Nothing + が + 見えない (negative form)
新しい家が見える。
new house visible.
New + Noun + が + 見える
窓から見える。
from window visible.
Location + から + 見える
猫が見えた！
cat visible!
Past tense: 見えた
この部屋から海が見える。
this room from sea visible.
Location + から + Subject + が + 見える
暗くて何も見えない。
dark because nothing visible.
Adjective + て + Negative form
遠くに明かりが見える。
distance in light visible.
Direction + に + Subject + が + 見える
彼の顔がはっきり見える。
his face clearly visible.
Adverb + Subject + が + 見える
新しいビルが見えてきた。
new building visible came.
Verb + てくる (approaching visibility)
眼鏡をかけるとよく見える。
glasses wear when well visible.
Conditional form + Adverb + 見える
あの店はもう見えない。
that shop already visible not.
Negative form + Adverb
子供の頃、この景色がよく見えた。
childhood when, this scenery well visible.
Past tense + Adverb
この丘の上からは、町全体が見渡せる。
this hill top from, town whole can see over.
Potential form: 見渡せる (can see over)
彼の意図は、私には見えなかった。
his intention, to me visible not.
Indirect object + に + Negative past tense
煙が立ち込めて、何も見えなくなってきた。
smoke rising, nothing visible become.
Negative form + Verb + てくる (gradual change)
彼女の才能は、誰の目にも明らかに見える。
her talent, everyone's eyes to clearly visible.
Adverb + Adverb + 見える
この新しいソフトウェアは、直感的に操作が見える。
this new software, intuitively operation visible.
Abstract noun + が + 見える (intuitive understanding)
暗闇の中で、かすかに光が見えた。
darkness within, faintly light visible.
Adverb + Subject + が + 見えた (past tense)
老眼のせいで、細かい文字が見えにくい。
presbyopia's fault, fine characters visible difficult.
Verb stem + にくい (difficult to do)
未来はまだはっきりとは見えない。
future still clearly visible not.
Abstract concept + Negative form
彼の発言の裏には、何か別の意図が見え隠れしていた。
his statement's behind, something else intention visible-hidden was.
Verb + 隠れる (appearing and disappearing)
この地域では、昔ながらの風景が今もなお見える。
this region in, old-fashioned scenery still now visible.
Adverb + Adverb + 見える
彼の成功は、努力の結果として目に見えていた。
his success, effort's result as eye in visible was.
Idiomatic phrase: 目に見える
この問題の解決策は、まだ容易には見えない。
this problem's solution, still easily visible not.
Adverb + Negative form
彼女の絵には、独特の世界観が見事に表現されている。
her painting in, unique worldview wonderfully expressed is.
Abstract noun + が + 表現されている (passive voice, related concept)
遠くの山並みが、霞んでぼんやりと見える。
far mountain ranges, hazy indistinctly visible.
Adverb + Adverb + 見える
この状況では、最善の道筋が見えにくい。
this situation in, best path visible difficult.
Abstract noun + が + 見えにくい
彼の将来性には、明るい展望が見える。
his future potential in, bright prospect visible.
Abstract noun + が + 見える
彼の言葉の端々から、その深い知識が見て取れた。
his words' every part from, that deep knowledge visible take could.
Verb + て取る (to perceive/discern)
この政策変更は、国民の生活に少なからぬ影響が見込まれる。
this policy change, citizens' lives to not small impact expected is.
Verb + 見込まれる (to be expected/foreseen)
彼の芸術には、時代を超えた普遍性が見て取れる。
his art in, time beyond timelessness visible take can.
Abstract noun + が + 見て取れる
この小説は、登場人物の心理描写が巧みで、その感情の機微が見事に描かれている。
this novel, characters' psychological depiction skillful, their emotions' subtleties wonderfully depicted is.
Abstract concept + が + 描かれている (related to perception)
彼の経営手腕には、将来の成功が見て取れる。
his management skill in, future success visible take can.
Abstract noun + が + 見て取れる
この状況下では、解決の糸口が容易には見えない。
this situation under, solution's thread easily visible not.
Abstract noun + が + 見えない
彼女の演技には、役柄の内面が深く見える。
her acting in, role's inner self deeply visible.
Abstract noun + が + 見える
この技術革新は、産業界に大きな変革をもたらすものと見える。
this technological innovation, industry world great change bring thing as visible.
Verb + と見える (appears to be/seems)
彼の作品には、現代社会の病巣が見て取れるかのようだ。
his works in, modern society's ills visible take can as if.
Abstract noun + が + 見て取れるかのようだ (as if one can discern)
この古代遺跡からは、当時の人々の生活様式が克明に見えてくる。
this ancient ruins from, that time people's lifestyle clearly visible come.
Abstract noun + が + 見えてくる (emerging into view)
彼の詩には、言葉では言い尽くせない感情の機微が見え隠れする。
his poems in, words by cannot fully express emotions' subtleties visible-hidden.
Verb + 隠れる (subtle appearance/disappearance)
その哲学者の思想には、人間存在の本質が見え隠れしている。
that philosopher's thought in, human existence's essence visible-hidden is.
Abstract noun + が + 見え隠れしている
この歴史的文書からは、当時の政治的駆け引きが手に取るように見える。
this historical document from, that time political maneuvering hand in take as visible.
Idiomatic phrase: 手に取るように見える (as if one can grasp it)
彼の音楽は、聴く者の心象風景に直接語りかけるものとして見える。
his music, listener's inner landscape to directly speak thing as visible.
Abstract noun + として見える (appears as/is perceived as)
この状況は、我々に新たな可能性の扉が開かれることを示唆しているように見える。
this situation, us new possibilities' door opened is suggest is as if visible.
Verb + ように見える (appears to)
彼の芸術的表現には、人間の根源的な孤独が見え隠れしている。
his artistic expression in, human fundamental loneliness visible-hidden is.
Abstract noun + が + 見え隠れしている
Häufige Kollokationen
Idioms & Expressions
"目に見える (me ni mieru)"
Obvious, evident, clearly visible.
彼の進歩は目に見えるものだった。
neutral"見え透いた嘘 (miēsuita uso)"
An obvious lie, a transparent falsehood.
その見え透いた嘘には誰も騙されないだろう。
neutral"見え隠れする (miegakure suru)"
To appear and disappear, to be seen intermittently.
霧の中で、灯台の光が見え隠れしていた。
neutral"見えざる手 (miezeru te)"
The 'invisible hand' (economic concept by Adam Smith), referring to the self-regulating nature of the marketplace.
市場経済は、見えざる手によって導かれる。
formal/academic"人の心が読める (hito no kokoro ga yomeru)"
To be able to read people's minds (though this uses 読める, the concept relates to perception).
もし人の心が読めたら、どんなに楽だろう。
neutral"目に焼き付く (me ni yakitsuku)"
To be vividly remembered, to be imprinted on one's memory visually.
あの衝撃的な光景は、今でも目に焼き付いている。
neutralEasily Confused
Both relate to sight. 見える is often confused with the active verb 見る.
見る is the active verb 'to see/watch'. 見える is 'to be visible' or 'to be able to see'.
猫を見る (neko o miru - to see the cat) vs. 猫が見える (neko ga mieru - the cat is visible).
Shares the same root 'mi-' and sounds similar.
見せる is the causative form, meaning 'to show' (to make someone see).
写真を見せる (shashin o miseru - to show a photo) vs. 写真が見える (shashin ga mieru - the photo is visible).
Similar grammatical structure (potential/passive form) and relates to senses.
聞こえる is for hearing ('to be audible', 'to be able to hear'). 見える is for sight.
音楽が聞こえる (ongaku ga kikoeru - music can be heard) vs. 音楽が見える (ongaku ga mieru - impossible/metaphorical).
Sometimes used metaphorically where 見える might seem applicable.
分かる means 'to understand' or 'to know'. 見える is primarily about physical sight.
彼の気持ちが分かる (kare no kimochi ga wakaru - I understand his feelings) vs. 彼の気持ちが見える (kare no kimochi ga mieru - implies seeing his feelings directly, less common).
Sentence Patterns
Subject (thing) + が + 見える
空に星が見える。
Location + から + Subject (thing) + が + 見える
この部屋から海が見える。
Adverb + 見える
よく見える。
Subject (thing) + が + 見えにくい
暗くて文字が見えにくい。
Subject (thing) + が + 見えはじめる
夜明けに山の稜線が見えはじめた。
Wortfamilie
Nouns
Verbs
Verwandt
How to Use It
Formality Scale
Häufige Fehler
見る is the direct action of seeing, while 見える is about the state of being seen or the capacity to see.
見える is for physical visibility or ability to see, not for deliberate viewing of entertainment.
While other particles can appear in complex sentences, が is the standard for the thing being seen.
見える is primarily visual; applying it metaphorically requires careful consideration of nuance.
見える is about sight; 分かる is about comprehension.
Tips
Memory Palace Trick
Imagine a giant 'M' (for Me), an 'E.R.' doctor's sign (for Er), and a 'ROO' sign for a kangaroo. You're trying to SEE ('mieru') the kangaroo, but it's hard! 'Me, Er, Roo' - I can SEE it!
When Native Speakers Use It
Listen for it when people describe scenery ('遠くに島が見える' - I can see an island in the distance), when checking visibility ('霧で前が見えない' - I can't see ahead due to fog), or when talking about eyesight ('このメガネでよく見える' - I can see well with these glasses).
Cultural Insight
Japanese culture often values indirectness. While 見える is direct about visibility, its nuances can sometimes imply potential or a subtle presence, aligning with this cultural tendency.
Grammar Shortcut
Remember: What you see takes が (ga). The thing you are using to see (like glasses) might take で (de). 'メガネでよく見える' (Megane de yoku mieru - I can see well WITH glasses).
Say It Right
Focus on the three distinct sounds: mi-e-ru. Don't rush the 'e' sound; give it its own space.
Don't Make This Mistake
Avoid using 見える when you mean 'to watch' (like a movie). Always use 見る (miru) for that!
Did You Know?
The suffix '-eru' in Japanese verbs often indicates potential or natural occurrence. So, 見える inherently carries a sense of 'can be seen' or 'is naturally visible'.
Study Smart
Create flashcards with pictures! One side: a picture of a mountain. Other side: '山が見える (yama ga mieru)'.
Active vs. Passive Perception
Think: 見る = I DO the seeing. 見える = It IS seen / I CAN see (passive or potential state).
Real-World Context
Imagine you're lost. You ask, 'この道で街が見えますか？' (Kono michi de machi ga miemasu ka? - Can you see the town from this road?).
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Imagine 'Me, Er, Roo!' - 'Me, Er, Roo, I can see you!'
Visual Association
Picture yourself looking through binoculars ('Me' + 'Er' sound) and seeing a kangaroo ('Roo').
Word Web
Herausforderung
Look around your room and name five things you can 'mieru'.
Wortherkunft
Japanese
Original meaning: Derived from the verb 見る (miru - to see) with the potential/passive suffix -える (-eru). Originally indicated the possibility of being seen.
Kultureller Kontext
Generally neutral, but context matters. Describing someone as 'visible' or 'invisible' can have social implications.
In English, we often use 'can see', 'is visible', or 'appears'. The Japanese 見える covers these nuances efficiently.
Practice in Real Life
Real-World Contexts
Describing scenery
- 遠くに富士山が見える。
- 海が見える部屋に泊まりたい。
- 夕日がきれいに見える。
Talking about eyesight
- 最近、目がよく見えない。
- この眼鏡で見えるようになった。
- 暗いところでは見えにくい。
Checking visibility
- 霧で何も見えない。
- 信号が見えたら、右に曲がってください。
- 遠くからでも見えるように、大きな看板を立てた。
Figurative/Abstract use
- 彼の才能は目に見える。
- この計画の成功が見える。
- 人の心が読めるといいのに (related concept).
Conversation Starters
"今日、何か面白いものが見えた？"
"この景色、すごくよく見えるね！"
"暗くて何も見えないんだけど、どうしよう？"
"新しい眼鏡、どう？よく見える？"
"昔はここから海が見えたんだけど、今はビルで見えないんだ。"
Journal Prompts
Describe a place where you can see something beautiful. Use 見える.
Write about a time when something was difficult to see. Use 見えにくい.
Think about your future. What do you 'see' happening? Use 見える metaphorically.
Describe something that became 'visibly apparent' (目に見える) in your life recently.
Häufig gestellte Fragen
8 Fragen見る (miru) is the active verb 'to see' (e.g., I see the cat). 見える (mieru) means 'to be visible' or 'to be able to see' (e.g., The cat is visible / I can see the cat). Think of 見る as the action, and 見える as the state or possibility.
Generally, the thing that is visible takes the particle が (ga). For example, '空が見える' (Sora ga mieru - The sky is visible).
Yes, but often with nuance. It can mean 'appears' or 'seems' (e.g., '成功が見える' - seikō ga mieru - success seems possible). For abstract 'understanding', 分かる (wakaru) is more common. For inferring, うかがえる (ukagaeru) is often used.
It's formed by taking the stem of 見える (mie-) and adding -にくい (-nikui), meaning 'difficult to do'. So, 見えにくい means 'difficult to see'.
Grammatically, it functions similarly to potential verbs, indicating ability or possibility. It's often categorized as a Group 2 (ichidan) verb.
The direct opposite is 見えない (mienai), meaning 'cannot be seen' or 'invisible'. Other related opposites include 隠れる (kakureru - to hide).
No, for watching TV or movies, you should use 見る (miru) or 視聴する (shichō suru). 見える is for physical visibility or the general ability to see.
The past tense is 見えた (mieta).
Teste dich selbst
窓から公園が＿＿＿＿。
公園が主語なので、受身・可能の「見える」を使います。
Which sentence means 'I can see the stars clearly'?
「はっきり見える」 means 'can see clearly'. The others have different meanings.
「暗くて何も見えない。」 means 'It's bright and I can see everything.'
「暗くて」 means 'because it's dark', and 「何も見えない」 means 'I can't see anything'.
Word
Bedeutung
Matches the subject/phrase with its meaning in English.
The correct order is 'この部屋から海が見える' (Kono heya kara umi ga mieru), meaning 'The sea is visible from this room'.
彼の才能は誰の目にも＿＿＿＿。
「誰の目にも見える」 means 'visible to everyone's eyes', highlighting obvious talent.
Which phrase best describes something that is 'appearing and disappearing'?
「見え隠れする」 specifically means to appear and disappear intermittently.
その哲学者の思想には、人間存在の本質が＿＿＿＿。
「見え隠れしている」 suggests the essence is subtly present but not always fully apparent, fitting a philosophical context.
Translate: 'I can see the cat.'
Uses the standard particle が with the verb 見える.
Translate: 'The effects became visibly apparent.'
Uses the idiomatic phrase '目に見えて' for 'visibly'.
Ergebnis: /10
Summary
見える is your go-to verb for anything that is perceptible to the eyes or when you express the ability to see.
- Meaning: To be visible, to be able to see.
- Grammar: Group 2 verb, often uses particle が (ga) for the subject.
- Key Distinction: Different from 見る (miru - to actively see).
- Usage: Describing scenery, ability to see, and sometimes abstract potential.
Memory Palace Trick
Imagine a giant 'M' (for Me), an 'E.R.' doctor's sign (for Er), and a 'ROO' sign for a kangaroo. You're trying to SEE ('mieru') the kangaroo, but it's hard! 'Me, Er, Roo' - I can SEE it!
When Native Speakers Use It
Listen for it when people describe scenery ('遠くに島が見える' - I can see an island in the distance), when checking visibility ('霧で前が見えない' - I can't see ahead due to fog), or when talking about eyesight ('このメガネでよく見える' - I can see well with these glasses).
Cultural Insight
Japanese culture often values indirectness. While 見える is direct about visibility, its nuances can sometimes imply potential or a subtle presence, aligning with this cultural tendency.
Grammar Shortcut
Remember: What you see takes が (ga). The thing you are using to see (like glasses) might take で (de). 'メガネでよく見える' (Megane de yoku mieru - I can see well WITH glasses).
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Verwandte Redewendungen
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能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
～について
A2About, concerning; indicates topic.
〜について
B1About, concerning; on the subject of.
～ぐらい
A2about, approximately
ぐらい
A2About; approximately; to the extent of.
ごろ
A2About, approximately (time).
うえ
A2At a higher position than.
絶対
B1Absolutely; definitely; never.
絶対に
B1Absolutely; definitely.
