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A1 verb #4,500 am häufigsten 9 Min. Lesezeit

패배하다

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At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to express basic actions. '패배하다' might feel a bit advanced because it is a formal word, but you will see it in very simple contexts like sports results or games. At this stage, just remember that '패배하다' means 'to lose a game or match'. It is like the word 'lose' but used in a more serious way. You will mostly see it in the past tense: '패배했다' (lost). For example, if you see a soccer score on TV and your team has 0 and the other team has 3, your team '패배했다'. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet. Just focus on the fact that it involves a competition where someone wins and someone loses. It is often used with the word '경기' (game/match).

At the A2 level, you can begin to use '패배하다' in simple sentences with particles. You should learn to use '-에서' to show where the defeat happened (e.g., '축구 경기에서 패배했다' - lost in the soccer match). You can also start to use it with the particle '-에게' to show who you lost to (e.g., '우리 팀이 상대 팀에게 패배했다' - Our team lost to the opposing team). At this level, you should also recognize the noun form '패배' (defeat). You might see sentences like '패배는 슬퍼요' (Defeat is sad). You are moving beyond just recognizing the word to being able to construct basic reports about who lost and in what situation.

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At the B1 level, you should understand the difference between '패배하다' and the more common '지다'. You will use '패배하다' in more formal writing, such as school essays or when discussing news topics. You can begin to use adverbs to describe the loss, such as '쉽게 패배하다' (to lose easily) or '다시 패배하다' (to lose again). You will also encounter '패배하다' in the context of history or social issues. For example, discussing why a certain army lost a battle in the past. You should also be comfortable using various sentence endings, like the polite '-습니다' for formal reports or the more descriptive '-ㄴ/은 것' to talk about the 'fact of losing'.

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At the B2 level, you can use '패배하다' to describe abstract concepts and metaphorical defeats. You might talk about '패배감' (a feeling of defeat) or '패배주의' (defeatism). You can analyze complex situations, such as a company losing market share or a political party losing an ideological battle. Your sentences will become more complex, using connectors like '-음에도 불구하고' (despite losing). For example, '경기에 패배했음에도 불구하고 선수들은 최선을 다했다' (Despite losing the match, the players did their best). You should also understand related Hanja-based words like '참패' (crushing defeat) and '완패' (complete defeat) and use them to add nuance to your descriptions.

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At the C1 level, '패배하다' becomes a tool for sophisticated analysis. You will use it in academic or professional settings to discuss the strategic reasons behind a defeat. You can use it in the passive-like construction '패배를 당하다' to emphasize the impact of an external force. You will also use it in literary contexts to describe a character's internal struggle or 'defeated' state of mind. You should be able to distinguish between '패배하다' and more specific terms like '낙선하다' (losing an election) or '패소하다' (losing a lawsuit). Your usage should reflect a deep understanding of register, choosing '패배하다' for formal speeches or articles while using more colorful language in other contexts.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native command of '패배하다'. You can use it in highly nuanced ways, such as discussing the 'paradox of defeat' or using it in complex philosophical arguments. You understand the historical and cultural connotations of the word, including its Hanja roots and how it has been used in classic Korean literature. You can use the word to create powerful rhetoric in writing or public speaking. You are also aware of very rare or specialized synonyms and can use '패배하다' to contrast with them. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a concept you can manipulate to express subtle shades of meaning regarding conflict, failure, and the human condition.

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패배하다 in 30 Sekunden

A formal verb meaning to lose a competition or struggle.
Used in sports, politics, and historical contexts.
More serious and official than the common word '지다'.
Derived from Hanja meaning 'to fail' and 'to turn one's back'.

The Korean verb 패배하다 (pae-bae-ha-da) is a formal and decisive way to express the act of losing or suffering a defeat. While the native Korean word '지다' is used frequently in casual daily conversations, '패배하다' carries a more serious, official, or structural weight. It is the standard term used in sports broadcasts, historical accounts of battles, political election results, and philosophical discussions about failure. Understanding this word requires looking at its Hanja roots: 敗 (패) meaning 'to fail or break' and 北 (배) which, in this context, historically refers to 'turning one's back' to flee from a battlefield. Therefore, to 패배하다 is not just to come in second place; it implies a definitive loss in a struggle or competition.

Formal Context: In news reports, you will hear researchers or anchors say '선거에서 패배했습니다' (lost in the election) rather than the simpler '졌습니다'.
Emotional Weight: Using this word often suggests a sense of resignation or a significant consequence following the loss, making it common in literature and drama.

그는 자신의 패배를 깨끗하게 인정했다.
Translation: He cleanly admitted his defeat.

In modern society, the word has expanded beyond physical combat. It is used to describe losing a legal battle (소송에서 패배하다), failing to capture market share in business, or even a personal 'defeat' against one's own temptations or bad habits. It is a versatile verb that adds a layer of gravity to the concept of losing. When you use this word, you are highlighting the outcome of a conflict where there was a clear winner and a clear loser. It is not used for trivial things like losing your keys (where you would use 잃어버리다) or losing weight (where you would use 살이 빠지다).

우리는 적군에게 참혹하게 패배하였다.
Translation: We were miserably defeated by the enemy forces.

Sports Usage: National teams '패배하다' in the World Cup, emphasizing the collective loss of the nation's pride.

Ultimately, '패배하다' is about the end of a struggle. Whether it is a grand war or a small-town football match, this word encapsulates the moment the scoreboard stops and the reality of the loss sets in. By learning this word, you move beyond basic Korean and start expressing complex social and competitive outcomes with the precision of a native speaker.

Using 패배하다 correctly involves understanding its grammatical particles and typical sentence structures. Since it is a verb of 'action' or 'outcome,' it usually takes a subject (the loser) and often identifies the context of the loss using the particle '-에서' (in/at) or the opponent using '-에게' (to/by). For example, '팀이 경기에서 패배하다' (The team loses in the game). It is important to note that '패배하다' is an intransitive verb in Korean grammar, meaning it doesn't usually take a direct object like 'losing a game' in English; instead, you lose *in* a game.

Subject + Context + 패배하다: 우리 팀이(Subject) 결승전에서(Context) 패배했다(Verb). -> Our team lost in the finals.
Subject + Opponent + 패배하다: 그 선수가(Subject) 라이벌에게(Opponent) 패배했다(Verb). -> That player lost to their rival.

끝까지 싸웠지만 결국 패배하고 말았다.
Translation: We fought until the end but ended up being defeated.

When you want to emphasize that the defeat was forced upon someone, you might see the passive form or the noun combined with '당하다' (to suffer/to be subjected to). For instance, '패배를 당하다' (to suffer a defeat). This emphasizes the victimhood or the external force that caused the loss. In academic writing or news, you will see '패배하다' used to describe abstract concepts, such as '정의가 불의에 패배하다' (Justice is defeated by injustice). This demonstrates the word's ability to handle high-level, metaphorical concepts.

실력을 키우지 않으면 다시 패배할 수밖에 없다.
Translation: If you don't build your skills, you have no choice but to be defeated again.

Furthermore, '패배하다' is often modified by adverbs that describe the manner of defeat. Common adverbs include '참혹하게' (miserably), '허무하게' (vainly/easily), or '쓰라리게' (bitterly). These additions help paint a vivid picture of the loss. If a team expected to win but lost by a huge margin, they '허무하게 패배했다'. If the loss was painful and deeply felt, it was a '쓰라린 패배' (bitter defeat - noun form). By mastering these combinations, you can express not just the fact of losing, but the emotion and context behind it.

In South Korea, you will encounter 패배하다 in very specific environments. One of the most common places is on the nightly news during the sports segment. Whether it is the K-League (soccer), the KBO (baseball), or international competitions like the Olympics, commentators use this word to provide a formal account of the results. It sounds more objective and professional than '졌다'. For example, '대한민국 대표팀이 브라질에 2 대 0으로 패배했습니다' (The Korean national team lost 2-0 to Brazil).

Politics and Elections: Candidates are described as having '패배했다' when the final vote count is in. It marks the official end of their campaign.
History Documentaries: Narrators use this word to describe the fall of dynasties or the outcome of historical wars like the Imjin War.

이번 선거에서 여당이 참패, 즉 크게 패배했습니다.
Translation: The ruling party suffered a crushing defeat, meaning they lost greatly in this election.

You will also hear this word in educational settings, particularly in history or social studies classes. Teachers use it to analyze why certain groups or ideologies failed to gain traction. In the world of E-sports, which is massive in Korea, casters for games like League of Legends or StarCraft frequently use '패배' (the noun) and '패배하다' to describe the closing moments of a match. When the 'Defeat' screen pops up in a game, the Korean version usually says '패배'.

Lastly, in literature and cinema, '패배하다' is used to build the character of a 'tragic hero' or a 'loser' (패배자). A character might lament their life by saying they have '패배한 인생' (a defeated life). This usage moves away from specific contests and into the realm of existentialism. If you are watching a serious K-Drama about corporate warfare or law, expect to hear this word used when a character loses a major deal or a court case. It signals that the stakes were high and the loss is meaningful.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make is using 패배하다 in casual, low-stakes situations. For example, if you are playing a quick game of Rock-Paper-Scissors with a friend, saying '내가 패배했다' sounds incredibly dramatic and stiff, almost like you are a character in a historical epic. In that situation, you should simply say '졌다' or '내가 졌어'. Save '패배하다' for when the loss has serious implications or when you are speaking in a formal capacity.

Confusing with '잃다': English uses 'lose' for both being defeated and misplacing an object. Korean does not. Never use '패배하다' for losing your wallet.
Particle Errors: Learners often try to use the object particle '-를' with the competition (e.g., 경기를 패배하다). Correctly, it should be '경기에서 패배하다'.

❌ 돈을 패배했다. (Wrong for losing money)
✅ 돈을 잃었다. (Correct for losing money)

Another mistake is overusing the passive form. While '패배를 당하다' is correct, beginners often over-complicate sentences by trying to translate 'was defeated' literally. In Korean, the active form '패배했다' already covers the meaning of 'was defeated' quite naturally in most contexts. You don't always need to add extra verbs to make it passive. Also, be careful with the distinction between '실패하다' (to fail) and '패배하다'. While they are related, '실패하다' is used for failing a task or an exam, whereas '패배하다' requires an opponent or a competitive field.

❌ 시험에 패배했다. (Sounds like the exam was a person fighting you)
✅ 시험에 떨어졌다 / 실패했다. (Correct for failing an exam)

Lastly, pay attention to the level of politeness. Since '패배하다' is a formal word, it is almost always paired with formal endings like '-습니다' or '-어요'. Using it with very casual endings like '-어' or '-야' creates a strange stylistic clash unless it is intentional for comedic or dramatic effect. If you are speaking casually, just stick to '졌어'.

To truly master Korean, you need to know when to use 패배하다 versus its synonyms. The most common alternative is 지다. While both mean 'to lose,' '지다' is the broad, everyday term. It can be used for everything from a friendly board game to a major war. '패배하다' is a subset of '지다' that is reserved for formal, serious, or documented losses. Think of '지다' as 'to lose' and '패배하다' as 'to suffer defeat'.

지다 vs 패배하다: 지다: Casual, general, used in all contexts. 패배하다: Formal, heavy, used in reports/history.
실패하다 (To Fail): Used for plans, experiments, or exams where there isn't necessarily a 'winner' but a failed objective.

경기에 지다 (Casual) vs 경기에 패배하다 (Formal/Serious).

There are also more specific terms for losing. 참패하다 (to be crushed/suffer a humiliating defeat) is used when the loss is overwhelming. 완패하다 (to be completely defeated) is similar, often used in sports when a team doesn't score a single point. On the political side, 낙선하다 is specifically used for losing an election. If you are talking about a business going under, you might use 망하다 (to go bust/ruined), which is much more colloquial and harsh than '패배하다'.

그는 선거에서 낙선하여 정치적 패배를 맛보았다.
Translation: He lost the election and tasted political defeat.

Understanding these nuances allows you to choose the exact 'flavor' of loss you want to describe. If you are writing a formal essay about the decline of a kingdom, '패배하다' is your best friend. If you are telling a friend about how you lost a video game match, '졌어' is perfectly fine. By diversifying your vocabulary, you can match your Korean to the specific social situation you are in.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The character 北 (North) is used in 'defeat' because in ancient battles, the losing side would often flee toward the north or simply turn their backs (the character looks like two people standing back-to-back) to run away.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /pʰɛ.bɛ.ɦa.da/

US /pʰɛ.be.ha.da/

Stress is generally even across syllables in Korean, but the first syllable '패' may have a slightly higher pitch.

Reimt sich auf

재배하다 (to cultivate) 예배하다 (to worship) 분배하다 (to distribute) 지배하다 (to dominate) 선배 (senior) 건배 (cheers) 손해 (damage) 오해 (misunderstanding)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing '패' as a soft 'b' instead of an aspirated 'p'.
Over-stressing the 'ha' syllable.
Merging 'ae' and 'e' too much so it sounds like 'pe-be-ha-da' (though this is common in modern speech).
Forgetting the aspiration on 'p'.
Pronouncing 'da' as 'ta'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 2/5

Easy to recognize in news and sports reports.

Schreiben 3/5

Requires knowledge of formal register and correct particles (-에서, -에게).

Sprechen 3/5

Learners often default to '지다', so using this requires conscious effort.

Hören 2/5

Very clear pronunciation and common in media.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

지다 (to lose) 이기다 (to win) 경기 (game) 전쟁 (war) 하다 (to do)

Als Nächstes lernen

승리하다 (to win - formal) 실패하다 (to fail) 참패하다 (to be crushed) 극복하다 (to overcome)

Fortgeschritten

패배주의 (defeatism) 설욕하다 (to avenge a loss) 낙선하다 (to lose election)

Wichtige Grammatik

The particle -에게 for the winner/opponent

상대에게 패배했다.

The particle -에서 for the location/event

경기에서 패배했다.

The ending -고 말다 for unintended outcomes

결국 패배하고 말았다.

The ending -아/어 보이다 with nouns like 패배자

그는 패배자처럼 보였다.

The noun modification -ㄴ/은 with 패배하다

패배한 장군의 심정.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

우리 팀이 패배했다.

Our team lost.

Simple past tense of 패배하다.

어제 경기에서 패배했습니다.

We lost in yesterday's game.

Formal polite ending -습니다.

저는 패배가 싫어요.

I hate defeat.

Noun form 패배 used as a subject.

그들은 축구에서 패배했다.

They lost in soccer.

Context particle -에서.

누가 패배했어요?

Who lost?

Question form with -어요.

게임을 하면 패배할 수도 있어요.

If you play a game, you might lose.

Possibility form -ㄹ 수도 있다.

패배해도 괜찮아요.

It's okay even if you lose.

Concession ending -어도 괜찮다.

우리는 다시 패배하지 않을 거예요.

We will not lose again.

Future negative form -지 않을 것이다.

상대 팀에게 3 대 1로 패배했다.

We lost to the opposing team 3 to 1.

Using -에게 for the opponent.

이번 경기에서 패배한 이유는 무엇인가요?

What is the reason for losing in this match?

Noun modifying form 패배한.

실력이 부족해서 패배했습니다.

We lost because our skills were lacking.

Reasoning connector -아서/어서.

패배한 선수들이 울고 있어요.

The players who lost are crying.

Present progressive -고 있다.

우리는 결승전에서 패배하고 말았다.

We ended up losing in the finals.

Ending -고 말다 (regretful outcome).

패배를 인정하는 것은 중요합니다.

Admitting defeat is important.

Gerund form -는 것.

그는 패배한 후에도 포기하지 않았다.

Even after losing, he did not give up.

Time connector -ㄴ 후에.

너무 쉽게 패배해서 아쉬워요.

It's a pity because we lost too easily.

Adverb 쉽게 (easily).

전쟁에서 패배한 나라는 큰 피해를 입었다.

The country that lost the war suffered great damage.

Complex noun modification.

자신의 약점을 모르면 패배하기 쉽다.

If you don't know your weaknesses, it's easy to be defeated.

-기 쉽다 (easy to...).

정치인은 선거에서 패배한 뒤 은퇴를 선언했다.

The politician announced retirement after losing the election.

Formal noun '은퇴' (retirement).

끝까지 노력했지만 결국 패배의 쓴잔을 마셨다.

They tried until the end but eventually drank the bitter cup of defeat.

Metaphorical expression '쓴잔을 마시다'.

경쟁 사회에서 패배하지 않으려고 발버둥 친다.

People struggle not to be defeated in a competitive society.

-으려고 (in order to).

적의 공격에 무참히 패배하고 말았습니다.

We were ruthlessly defeated by the enemy's attack.

Adverb '무참히' (ruthlessly).

패배를 두려워하면 승리할 수 없다.

If you fear defeat, you cannot win.

Conditional -면.

감독은 패배의 책임을 지고 사퇴했다.

The coach took responsibility for the defeat and resigned.

Idiom '책임을 지다' (take responsibility).

그 기업은 기술 경쟁에서 패배하여 시장 점유율을 잃었다.

The company lost in the technology competition and lost market share.

Business context.

패배주의에 빠지는 것은 가장 위험한 일이다.

Falling into defeatism is the most dangerous thing.

Abstract noun '패배주의' (defeatism).

우리는 비록 패배했지만 많은 것을 배웠다.

Although we were defeated, we learned a lot.

Concessive '비록 ...지만'.

그의 논리는 상대방의 반론에 완전히 패배했다.

His logic was completely defeated by the opponent's counterargument.

Metaphorical use in debate.

쓰라린 패배를 딛고 일어서는 용기가 필요하다.

Courage is needed to overcome a bitter defeat and stand up.

Idiom '딛고 일어서다' (overcome and rise).

정의가 항상 승리하는 것은 아니며 때로는 패배하기도 한다.

Justice does not always win; sometimes it is defeated.

Partial negation '항상 ...는 것은 아니다'.

그들은 수적 열세로 인해 패배할 수밖에 없었다.

They had no choice but to be defeated due to numerical inferiority.

-로 인해 (due to).

이번 패배는 우리에게 큰 교훈을 안겨주었다.

This defeat gave us a great lesson.

Causative-like '안겨주다'.

구조적인 모순 때문에 개혁안이 의회에서 패배했다.

The reform bill was defeated in parliament due to structural contradictions.

Political/Formal context.

그 소설가는 근대화 과정에서 패배한 인간 군상을 묘사했다.

The novelist depicted a group of people defeated in the process of modernization.

Literary context '인간 군상'.

전략적 실책이 겹치면서 군대는 괴멸적인 패배를 당했다.

With overlapping strategic errors, the army suffered a devastating defeat.

Advanced vocabulary '괴멸적' (devastating).

이념적 패배는 단순한 권력 상실보다 더 뼈아프다.

Ideological defeat is more painful than simple loss of power.

Comparative '보다 더'.

그는 자신의 욕망에 패배하여 범죄의 길로 들어섰다.

He was defeated by his own desires and entered the path of crime.

Psychological defeat.

역사는 승리자의 기록이지만 패배한 자들의 목소리도 들어야 한다.

History is a record of victors, but we must also listen to the voices of the defeated.

Philosophical statement.

시장의 흐름을 읽지 못한 기업은 패배의 길을 걷게 된다.

Companies that fail to read market trends end up walking the path of defeat.

Metaphorical '길을 걷다'.

그의 침묵은 사실상 논쟁에서의 패배를 의미했다.

His silence effectively meant defeat in the argument.

Adverb '사실상' (effectively/virtually).

존재론적 패배 앞에서 인간은 허무주의에 빠지기 쉽다.

In the face of ontological defeat, humans are prone to falling into nihilism.

Philosophical terminology.

권력의 속성상 한쪽의 승리는 필연적으로 타방의 패배를 전제한다.

By the nature of power, the victory of one side inevitably presupposes the defeat of the other.

Formal academic '전제한다' (presupposes).

그 정당의 패배는 단순한 득표수 부족이 아닌 시대정신과의 괴리에서 기인했다.

The party's defeat resulted not from a simple lack of votes but from a disconnect with the zeitgeist.

Complex causal structure '...에서 기인했다'.

영웅의 비극은 예정된 패배에 맞서 싸우는 장렬함에 있다.

The tragedy of a hero lies in the grandeur of fighting against a predestined defeat.

Literary '장렬함' (grandeur/sublimity).

자본주의 체제 내에서 낙오된 자들은 시스템에 의해 패배당한 것으로 간주된다.

Those left behind within the capitalist system are considered to have been defeated by the system.

Passive-like '패배당한 것으로 간주된다'.

문명의 패배는 외부의 침략보다 내부의 부패에서 시작되는 경우가 많다.

The defeat of a civilization often begins with internal corruption rather than external invasion.

Socio-historical analysis.

그의 예술적 성취는 대중적 패배를 담보로 얻어진 고고한 결과물이었다.

His artistic achievement was a noble result obtained at the cost of popular defeat.

Idiom '담보로' (as collateral/at the cost of).

패배의 미학을 논하는 것은 승리 지상주의에 대한 반항적 시도이다.

Discussing the aesthetics of defeat is a rebellious attempt against victory-at-all-costs mentalities.

Complex abstract subject.

Häufige Kollokationen

참혹하게 패배하다

경기에서 패배하다

패배를 인정하다

패배를 당하다

정치적 패배

패배의 쓴맛

선거에서 패배하다

패배를 설욕하다

패배 원인

결승에서 패배하다

Häufige Phrasen

패배자

— A loser; someone who has been defeated in life or a contest.

그는 스스로를 패배자라고 생각했다.

패배주의

— Defeatism; the attitude of expecting to lose.

패배주의에 빠지면 아무것도 할 수 없다.

패배감

— A sense of defeat; feeling like a loser.

경기가 끝난 후 패배감이 몰려왔다.

쓰라린 패배

— A bitter defeat; a loss that is very painful.

우리는 쓰라린 패배를 겪었다.

허무한 패배

— A vain or senseless defeat; losing without a real fight.

너무나 허무한 패배였다.

패배를 맛보다

— To taste defeat; to experience losing.

처음으로 패배를 맛보았다.

패배로 끝나다

— To end in defeat.

결국 경기는 우리의 패배로 끝났다.

패배를 선언하다

— To concede; to officially announce one's defeat.

후보는 패배를 선언했다.

패배의 원흉

— The main culprit of the defeat.

그 실책이 패배의 원흉이었다.

패배를 딛고

— Overcoming defeat; moving past a loss.

패배를 딛고 다시 일어서자.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

패배하다 vs 잃다

Used for losing physical objects or people, never for losing a game.

패배하다 vs 실패하다

Used for failing a goal or task; '패배하다' requires an opponent.

패배하다 vs 지다

The common version of '패배하다'; using '패배하다' in casual settings is too formal.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"패배의 쓴잔을 마시다"

— To drink the bitter cup of defeat; to experience a very painful loss.

그는 결승에서 패배의 쓴잔을 마셨다.

Literary

"무릎을 꿇다"

— To kneel down; to surrender or be defeated by someone.

강한 상대 앞에서 무릎을 꿇었다.

Metaphorical

"고배를 마시다"

— To drink from a bitter goblet; to fail or be defeated (often in exams or elections).

이번 시험에서 고배를 마셨다.

Formal

"백기를 들다"

— To raise a white flag; to admit defeat and surrender.

결국 그는 백기를 들고 항복했다.

Common

"추풍낙엽처럼 패배하다"

— To be defeated like falling leaves in the autumn wind (very easily).

적군은 우리 군대 앞에 추풍낙엽처럼 패배했다.

Literary

"뒷걸음질 치다"

— To step backward; to retreat or be pushed back in defeat.

경쟁에서 밀려 뒷걸음질 쳤다.

Metaphorical

"꼬리를 내리다"

— To put one's tail down; to retreat in fear or admit defeat.

그는 논쟁에서 밀리자 꼬리를 내렸다.

Informal

"패색이 짙다"

— The 'color' of defeat is thick; looking very likely that one will lose.

경기가 중반을 넘어서자 패색이 짙어졌다.

Formal/Sports

"종지부를 찍다"

— To put a period; to bring a definitive (often losing) end to something.

이번 패배로 그의 선수 생활에 종지부를 찍었다.

Formal

"낙동강 오리알"

— A Nakdong River duck egg; someone left behind or defeated and isolated.

그는 패배 후 낙동강 오리알 신세가 되었다.

Colloquial

Leicht verwechselbar

패배하다 vs 패하다

Shortened version of 패배하다.

They mean the same thing, but '패배하다' is more common in modern usage.

경기에서 패했다.

패배하다 vs 폐배

Spelling mistake.

There is no word '폐배'. The correct spelling is '패배'.

N/A

패배하다 vs 낙선

Both involve losing.

'낙선' is only for elections; '패배' is for any competition.

선거에서 낙선했다.

패배하다 vs 패소

Both involve losing.

'패소' is only for legal court cases.

재판에서 패소했다.

패배하다 vs 탈락

Both involve losing.

'탈락' means being eliminated from a tournament or failing to qualify.

예선에서 탈락했다.

Satzmuster

S + 패배했다

우리 팀이 패배했다.

S + Opponent + 에게 패배했다

저는 친구에게 패배했다.

S + Event + 에서 패배했다

그는 선거에서 패배했다.

Adv + 패배하다

허무하게 패배했다.

패배의 + Noun

패배의 쓴맛을 보았다.

패배를 + Verb

패배를 인정할 수밖에 없었다.

N + 에 의해 패배하다

시스템에 의해 패배했다.

N + 을/를 담보로 한 패배

명예를 담보로 한 패배였다.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

패배 (defeat)

패배자 (loser)

패배주의 (defeatism)

패배감 (sense of defeat)

패전 (lost battle)

Verben

패배시키다 (to defeat someone)

패배당하다 (to be defeated)

Adjektive

패배적 (defeatist)

Verwandt

지다

실패

승리

항복

전투

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So verwendest du es

frequency

High in media, journalism, and history; Moderate in daily life.

Häufige Fehler

Using it for lost items. → 잃어버리다
'패배하다' is only for competitions.
Using '-를' with the game. → 경기에서 패배하다
It is an intransitive verb in this context.
Using it in casual games with friends. → 졌다
It sounds too formal and stiff for casual play.
Confusing with '실패하다'. → 실패하다 (for tasks)
'패배하다' requires an opponent or struggle.
Spelling it as '폐배'. → 패배
The 'ae' vowel is correct (패).

Tipps

Context is King

Use '패배하다' when reporting results. Use '지다' when playing with friends.

Particle Check

Always pair '패배하다' with '-에게' for the winner and '-에서' for the event.

Upgrade to 참패

If the loss was huge, use '참패하다' to sound more descriptive.

Avoid Personal Labels

Be careful calling people '패배자'; it is a very strong social insult.

News Style

When writing a formal essay, '패배' adds more weight than '지다'.

Sports Lingo

Listen for '패배' in the first 30 seconds of a sports news recap.

Dramatic Effect

Use '패배했다' in a story to make a loss sound more tragic.

Hanja Logic

Remember the 'North' (北) character means turning your back to run away.

Legal Loss

If you are talking about a court case, use '패소하다' instead.

Match the Ending

Since the word is formal, use '-습니다' or '-어요' endings.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a 'Pay' (패) that is 'Bad' (배) - a 'Pay-Bad' situation is when you lose and don't get the reward. You've been defeated!

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a soldier turning his back (北) on a broken (敗) shield. He is walking away from the battlefield in defeat.

Word Web

War Election Sports Scoreboard Tears Rival History Strategy

Herausforderung

Try to write a sentence using '패배하다' to describe a historical event you know, like 'Napoleon lost at Waterloo'.

Wortherkunft

Derived from the Sino-Korean (Hanja) word 敗北.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: 敗 (패) means to break, destroy, or fail. 北 (배/북) usually means north, but in this context, it historically meant 'to turn one's back' (as in fleeing from a battle).

Sino-Korean

Kultureller Kontext

Calling someone a '패배자' (loser) is a very strong insult in Korea. Use the word '패배하다' for situations, not as a label for people unless you mean to be offensive.

English speakers use 'lose' for everything. Korean speakers distinguish between 'losing an object' and 'losing a game'.

The 'Defeat' screen in League of Legends (Korean version). Historical accounts of Admiral Yi Sun-sin never experiencing '패배'. The movie 'The Fortress' (Namhansanseong) which depicts a historical national defeat.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Sports News

한국 팀이 패배했습니다.
결승에서 아쉽게 패배했습니다.
패배 원인을 분석합니다.
연속 패배를 기록했습니다.

Politics

후보가 선거에서 패배했습니다.
패배를 인정하는 연설을 했습니다.
당의 패배는 충격적이었습니다.
정치적 패배를 딛고 일어섰습니다.

Video Games

패배 (Defeat screen)
팀이 패배하여 점수가 떨어졌습니다.
패배를 피하기 위해 노력했습니다.
상대방의 전략에 패배했습니다.

History Class

그 왕국은 전쟁에서 패배했습니다.
패배의 결과로 영토를 잃었습니다.
장군은 패배를 책임졌습니다.
역사적인 패배로 기록되었습니다.

Business

시장 경쟁에서 패배했습니다.
기술력 부족으로 패배했습니다.
라이벌 회사에 패배했습니다.
패배를 만회하기 위해 신제품을 냈습니다.

Gesprächseinstiege

"어제 축구 경기 봤어요? 우리 팀이 패배해서 너무 아쉬워요."

"살면서 가장 쓰라린 패배를 경험한 적이 있나요?"

"선거 결과가 나왔는데, 그 후보가 패배했다는 소식 들었어요?"

"게임에서 계속 패배할 때는 어떻게 기분을 전환하나요?"

"패배를 인정하는 것이 왜 그렇게 어렵다고 생각하세요?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

오늘 내가 겪은 작은 패배에 대해 써보세요. 그 경험에서 무엇을 배웠나요?

만약 당신이 좋아하는 팀이 큰 경기에서 패배한다면, 어떤 위로의 말을 해주고 싶나요?

'패배는 성공의 어머니'라는 말에 대해 어떻게 생각하는지 당신의 의견을 적어보세요.

역사 속에서 가장 기억에 남는 패배는 무엇인가요? 그 이유는 무엇입니까?

패배주의에 빠지지 않기 위해 우리가 할 수 있는 노력은 무엇일까요?

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, you must use '잃어버리다'. '패배하다' is only for competitions or struggles.

'지다' is casual and general. '패배하다' is formal and serious, like 'suffering a defeat'.

Rarely. Native speakers usually say '졌어' or '졌어요' unless they are being very dramatic or formal.

You can say '패배했다' (active is common) or '패배를 당했다' (to emphasize suffering the defeat).

No, use '시험에 떨어지다' (fall/fail) or '실패하다'. '패배하다' implies an opponent.

The formal opposite is '승리하다' (to win/triumph).

The correct form is '경기에서 패배하다' (lose in the game).

Yes, '패배' is the noun form meaning 'defeat'.

It means 'a loser' or 'a defeated person'.

Yes, it comes from the Chinese characters 敗 (to fail) and 北 (to turn back).

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