When you're starting to learn Korean, you'll quickly notice different ways to end sentences. One very common and important ending is ~ㅂ니다/습니다. This ending is used when you want to speak formally and politely. You'll use it in situations like talking to strangers, people older than you, or in professional settings.
Think of it as the standard way to show respect when you're making a statement or asking a question. For verbs or adjectives ending in a vowel, you attach ~ㅂ니다. If the verb or adjective stem ends in a consonant, you use ~습니다 instead. This ending makes your sentence sound complete, polite, and appropriate for many everyday formal interactions.
When a verb or adjective stem ends in a vowel or 'ㄹ' (l/r), you attach 'ㅂ니다' (bmida) for a declarative sentence or 'ㅂ니까' (bimnikka) for an interrogative sentence.
For example, '하다' (hada - to do) becomes '합니다' (hamnida - I do/he does) or '합니까?' (hamnikka? - Do you do?).
If the verb or adjective stem ends in a consonant (not 'ㄹ'), you attach '습니다' (seumnida) for a declarative sentence or '습니까' (seumnikka) for an interrogative sentence.
For instance, '먹다' (meokda - to eat) becomes '먹습니다' (meokseumnida - I eat/he eats) or '먹습니까?' (meokseumnikka? - Do you eat?).
When using ~ㅂ니다/습니다, the rule is quite simple: if the verb stem ends in a vowel, you add ~ㅂ니다. If it ends in a consonant, you add ~습니다. For example, '하다' (to do) becomes '합니다', and '읽다' (to read) becomes '읽습니다'. This ending makes your speech very formal and polite, so it's good for situations like presentations, news broadcasts, or speaking with strangers and superiors.
You'll often hear this form in public announcements or when addressing a large audience. It's a key part of showing respect in Korean communication, and while you might use less formal speech with close friends, mastering ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is essential for many social contexts.
When using the suffix ~ㅂ니다/습니다, the rule is quite straightforward. If the verb or adjective stem ends in a vowel, you attach ~ㅂ니다 for declarative sentences and ~ㅂ니까 for interrogative sentences. For example, 가다 (to go) becomes 갑니다 (I go) or 갑니까? (Do you go?).
On the other hand, if the verb or adjective stem ends in a consonant, you use ~습니다 for declarative sentences and ~습니까 for interrogative sentences. Take 먹다 (to eat) as an example: it becomes 먹습니다 (I eat) or 먹습니까? (Do you eat?).
This formal polite ending is commonly used in professional settings, news broadcasts, presentations, and when addressing someone you need to show respect to, such as an elder or a superior. It conveys a sense of formality and deference, making it crucial for appropriate communication in many social contexts.
While often introduced early in Korean learning, mastering its correct usage and understanding when to opt for less formal endings (like ~아요/어요) is key to sounding natural and polite in various situations. It’s not just about grammar; it’s about social nuance.
When you want to speak Korean politely and formally, you can use the ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending. This ending is often used in presentations, news broadcasts, or when addressing someone older or of higher status. It's a versatile ending, working for both statements and questions.
For verbs or adjectives ending in a vowel, you attach ~ㅂ니다. For example, '가다' (to go) becomes '갑니다' (I go). If the verb or adjective stem ends with a consonant, you attach ~습니다. So, '먹다' (to eat) becomes '먹습니다' (I eat).
When forming a question, the ending changes slightly to ~ㅂ니까/습니까. For example, '가다' becomes '갑니까?' (Do you go?), and '먹다' becomes '먹습니까?' (Do you eat?). This formal polite ending is a key part of showing respect in Korean communication.
§ What ~ㅂ니다/습니다 Means and When to Use It
Hello learners! Today, we're diving into a crucial part of Korean grammar: the formal polite declarative/interrogative endings, ~ㅂ니다/습니다. These suffixes are fundamental to speaking politely in Korean, especially in formal settings or when you're showing respect. Think of them as the 'sir' or 'ma'am' of Korean sentence endings, but used for verbs and adjectives.
At its core, ~ㅂ니다/습니다 indicates two very important things:
- Formality: It's used in situations that require a high level of politeness and respect.
- Declarative or Interrogative: It clearly marks a sentence as either a statement (declarative) or a question (interrogative).
Let's break down when and why you would use these endings. The 'when' largely depends on the context and your relationship with the person you're speaking to. You'll typically encounter and use ~ㅂ니다/습니다 in these situations:
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- Formal presentations or speeches. When you're addressing a large audience or giving a formal presentation, this ending is a must. It conveys professionalism and respect to everyone listening.
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- News broadcasts and official announcements. Listen to any Korean news channel, and you'll hear ~ㅂ니다/습니다 constantly. It's the standard for conveying information in an objective and respectful manner.
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- When speaking to strangers or people of a higher social status. This is a big one. If you're talking to someone you don't know well, especially if they're older or in a position of authority (like a teacher, boss, or even a store clerk), using ~ㅂ니다/습니다 shows proper etiquette and respect.
- Label
- In written formal communication. Official letters, reports, academic papers, and many forms of online communication (like formal emails to a professor) will often use these endings.
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- Military speech. In the Korean military, this is the default form of address and communication, emphasizing hierarchy and discipline.
The choice between ~ㅂ니다 and ~습니다 depends on whether the verb or adjective stem ends in a consonant or a vowel. It's a simple rule, but crucial for correct usage.
If the verb or adjective stem ends in a vowel: You attach ~ㅂ니다 (declarative) or ~ㅂ니까 (interrogative).
가다 (to go) -> 갑니다 (I go/am going) / 갑니까? (Do you go/Are you going?)
오다 (to come) -> 옵니다 (I come/am coming) / 옵니까? (Do you come/Are you coming?)
예쁘다 (to be pretty) -> 예쁩니다 (It is pretty) / 예쁩니까? (Is it pretty?)
If the verb or adjective stem ends in a consonant: You attach ~습니다 (declarative) or ~습니까 (interrogative).
먹다 (to eat) -> 먹습니다 (I eat/am eating) / 먹습니까? (Do you eat/Are you eating?)
읽다 (to read) -> 읽습니다 (I read/am reading) / 읽습니까? (Do you read/Are you reading?)
작다 (to be small) -> 작습니다 (It is small) / 작습니까? (Is it small?)
So, while it might seem like a lot at first, understanding ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is your gateway to speaking Korean respectfully and appropriately in a wide range of situations. Don't be afraid to practice! The more you use it, the more natural it will become. You've got this!
When you're learning Korean, one of the first things you'll notice is how important politeness levels are. The ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending is your go-to for formal and polite situations. It's a declarative (statement) or interrogative (question) ending that you attach to verb and adjective stems.
This ending is widely used in presentations, news broadcasts, official documents, and when speaking to strangers or people older than you. Mastering it will help you sound respectful and natural in formal settings.
§ Basic Attachment Rules
The choice between ~ㅂ니다 and ~습니다 depends on the final consonant of the verb or adjective stem. This is a common pattern in Korean grammar, so pay attention!
- Rule 1
- If the verb or adjective stem ends in a vowel (no final consonant), you add ~ㅂ니다 (for statements) or ~ㅂ니까 (for questions).
가다 (to go) → 갑니다. (I go / He goes.)
오다 (to come) → 옵니다. (I come / She comes.)
공부하다 (to study) → 공부합니다. (I study / They study.)
- Rule 2
- If the verb or adjective stem ends in a consonant, you add ~습니다 (for statements) or ~습니까 (for questions).
먹다 (to eat) → 먹습니다. (I eat / We eat.)
읽다 (to read) → 읽습니다. (I read / You read.)
좋다 (to be good) → 좋습니다. (It is good.)
§ Forming Questions
To turn a statement into a question, you simply change ~ㅂ니다 to ~ㅂ니까 and ~습니다 to ~습니까. The pronunciation changes slightly with the rising intonation you use for questions.
- Question Example (Vowel ending)
- 가다 (to go) → 갑니까? (Are you going?)
- Question Example (Consonant ending)
- 먹다 (to eat) → 먹습니까? (Are you eating?)
§ Common Uses and Contexts
The ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending is versatile. Here are some situations where you'll definitely use it:
- Formal Announcements and News: You'll hear this ending constantly on TV news, public announcements, and official speeches.
- Business and Professional Settings: When addressing clients, superiors, or in formal meetings, this is the standard.
- Speaking to Strangers or Elders: It shows respect and politeness, especially when you're not close with someone or they are significantly older than you.
- Written Formal Communication: In formal emails, reports, or official letters, this ending is appropriate.
§ Full Sentence Examples
저는 한국어를 공부합니다. (I study Korean.)
지금 먹습니까? (Are you eating now?)
이 책은 재미있습니다. (This book is interesting.)
어디에 갑니까? (Where are you going?)
§ ~ㅂ니다/습니다 vs. ~아요/어요
You might also learn the ~아요/어요 ending, which is another polite ending. The main difference is the level of formality:
- ~ㅂ니다/습니다: More formal, respectful, often used in public or official contexts.
- ~아요/어요: Less formal, polite, common in everyday conversations with people you're not super close with but still want to be respectful to (e.g., acquaintances, colleagues).
Keep practicing attaching ~ㅂ니다/습니다 to different verb and adjective stems. The more you use it, the more natural it will feel. You'll quickly get a sense of when it's appropriate to use this formal ending.
§ What ~ㅂ니다/습니다 Means
The suffix ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is your go-to for formal politeness in Korean. You’ll hear and use this ending in situations where respect and formality are key. It’s a declarative ending when you’re making a statement, and an interrogative ending when you’re asking a question.
- Definition
- Formal polite declarative/interrogative ending.
§ Where You'll Hear ~ㅂ니다/습니다
This isn't an ending you'd typically use with close friends or family. Instead, you'll encounter ~ㅂ니다/습니다 in specific contexts. Understanding these situations will help you use it correctly and sound natural.
- Workplaces: In a professional setting, especially when addressing superiors, clients, or in formal presentations, ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is standard. It conveys respect and professionalism.
- Schools and Universities: Students often use this with teachers and professors, and teachers might use it when speaking to a large class or during formal announcements.
- News Broadcasts and Public Speeches: News anchors, reporters, and public speakers almost exclusively use this form. It maintains a neutral, respectful, and authoritative tone.
- Military Settings: The military in Korea has a very strict hierarchy, and this formal ending is fundamental to communication.
- Customer Service: When you're speaking to someone in a customer service role (e.g., a bank teller, store clerk, or call center representative), they will likely use ~ㅂ니다/습니다 to you, and it's appropriate to respond in kind, especially if you want to be very polite.
- Official Announcements and Documents: You'll find this ending in official notices, public announcements, and formal written communication.
§ Examples of ~ㅂ니다/습니다 in Action
Let's look at some practical examples to solidify your understanding.
안녕하세요. 저는 김민준입니다.
Hello. I am Kim Minjun. (Used in a formal self-introduction)
회의는 오전 10시에 시작합니다.
The meeting starts at 10 AM. (A formal statement in a work setting)
이 프로젝트는 매우 중요합니다.
This project is very important. (A formal declaration, perhaps in a presentation)
무엇을 도와드릴까요? (What can I help you with?) — A customer service example, where the implied ~ㅂ니까 is used.
주문하시겠습니까?
Would you like to order? (A common question in a restaurant or cafe)
뉴스입니다. (It is the news.) — How news broadcasts often begin.
§ Why It Matters
Using ~ㅂ니다/습니다 shows respect and understanding of social hierarchy, which is very important in Korean culture. While it might seem a bit stiff at first, mastering this form will open doors to more formal conversations and help you navigate professional and public environments with confidence. It's a fundamental part of polite communication in Korean.
§ Mixing Formal and Informal Speech
One of the biggest mistakes beginners make is mixing formal polite speech with informal speech. The ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending is very formal. You use it in situations where you need to show a lot of respect, like when talking to strangers, elders, or in official settings. It's not something you'd use with close friends or family. When you're learning, it can be tempting to just use one ending for everything, but that's not how Korean works. You need to be aware of the different speech levels.
§ Incorrectly Attaching to Verb/Adjective Stems
The rule for attaching ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is pretty straightforward, but it's easy to get wrong if you're not paying attention to the last letter of the verb or adjective stem. Remember:
- If the stem ends in a consonant (batchim), you use ~습니다.
- If the stem ends in a vowel, you use ~ㅂ니다.
A common error is to always use ~습니다, even when the stem ends in a vowel. This will sound unnatural to a native speaker. Pay close attention to the stem's ending.
저는 한국어를 공부합니다. (Correct: '공부하' ends in a vowel, so you add ~ㅂ니다.)
저는 학생입니다. (Correct: '학생이' ends in a vowel for the verb '이다', so you add ~ㅂ니다. However, '학생' ends in a consonant, so '이다' becomes '입니다'.)
저는 책을 읽습니다. (Correct: '읽' ends in a consonant, so you add ~습니다.)
§ Forgetting the Question Form
When you're asking a question using this formal polite ending, it changes slightly to ~ㅂ니까/습니까. Many learners, especially when they're first starting, might forget this and use ~ㅂ니다/습니다 for questions as well. This will sound like a statement, not a question.
밥을 먹습니까? (Correct: Are you eating? - '먹' ends in a consonant, so ~습니까.)
학교에 갑니까? (Correct: Are you going to school? - '가' ends in a vowel, so ~ㅂ니까.)
§ Overusing the Formal Ending
While it's important to know and use ~ㅂ니다/습니다 in the right contexts, it's also possible to overuse it. In many everyday casual conversations, even with people you don't know well, the slightly less formal ~아요/어요 ending is more common. Using ~ㅂ니다/습니다 exclusively might make you sound stiff or overly formal, even a bit unnatural, in situations where a softer tone is expected. Think of it like always using 'Sir' or 'Madam' in English, even when a simple 'Excuse me' would suffice.
§ Applying to Nouns Without '이다'
The ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending attaches to verb and adjective stems. If you want to make a noun into a formal polite statement (e.g., 'I am a student'), you need to use the verb '이다' (to be) and then attach the ending. So, '학생' (student) becomes '학생입니다' (I am a student). You cannot directly attach ~ㅂ니다/습니다 to a noun. This is a subtle but important distinction.
- Correct Example
- 저는 한국 사람입니다. (I am Korean.)
- Incorrect Attempt
- 저는 한국 사람습니다. (This is grammatically wrong.)
Understanding these common mistakes and actively working to avoid them will significantly improve your fluency and make your Korean sound more natural and appropriate for different social contexts. Practice is key!
§ Understanding ~ㅂ니다/습니다
The Korean suffix ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is used to form declarative (statements) and interrogative (questions) sentences in a formal and polite way. This ending is often used in situations where you want to show respect to the listener, such as when speaking to elders, strangers, or in professional settings. It's a fundamental part of polite Korean speech and is very common in official announcements, news broadcasts, and formal presentations.
§ When to Use ~ㅂ니다/습니다
This ending is your go-to for formal situations. Think about situations where you would use very proper English, like giving a presentation at work, talking to a customer service representative, or addressing someone much older or of a higher social standing. It conveys a sense of respect and seriousness. You'll hear it a lot in news reports, business meetings, and public speeches.
- Formal Setting
- Use when you need to be very respectful, like talking to your boss, a professor, or a new acquaintance in a formal setting.
- Public Speaking
- Often used in presentations, news broadcasts, and any public address.
- Written Formal Communication
- You'll find this ending in formal letters, official documents, and academic writing.
§ Examples of ~ㅂ니다/습니다 in Use
저는 학생입니다.
Translation hint: I am a student.
감사합니다.
Translation hint: Thank you.
이것은 무엇입니까?
Translation hint: What is this?
§ Alternatives to ~ㅂ니다/습니다
While ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is very important, it's not the only way to speak politely in Korean. There are other politeness levels that you'll encounter. The main alternative you'll learn at an early stage is the ~아/어요 ending.
- ~아/어요 (Informal Polite): This is the most common and versatile polite ending. It's used in everyday conversations with people you know or with strangers in less formal situations. Think of it as the default polite way to speak in most casual interactions.
저는 학생이에요.
Translation hint: I am a student.
고마워요.
Translation hint: Thank you.
§ When to Choose Which Ending
The key to choosing between ~ㅂ니다/습니다 and ~아/어요 lies in the context and your relationship with the listener. Ask yourself:
- How formal is the situation? A business meeting or a news report calls for ~ㅂ니다/습니다. A chat with a friend or a shop assistant calls for ~아/어요.
- What is your relationship with the listener? If you are speaking to someone significantly older, a superior at work, or someone you don't know well in a formal context, use ~ㅂ니다/습니다. For most other polite interactions, ~아/어요 is appropriate.
- What is the purpose of your communication? If you are delivering important information, giving a public announcement, or making a formal request, ~ㅂ니다/습니다 emphasizes the importance and formality. For general conversation or expressing personal feelings, ~아/어요 is more natural.
Learning to distinguish when to use each ending will make your Korean sound much more natural and appropriate. Start by trying to identify these endings when you hear or read Korean, and then practice using them in different scenarios. It takes time, but with practice, it will become second nature!
How Formal Is It?
"회의에 갑니다."
"회의에 가요."
"회의에 가."
"회의에 가자."
"회의 간다."
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Short and common suffix.
Straightforward application based on stem ending.
Pronunciation of 'ㅂ니다' can be tricky for beginners (mni-da sound).
Very common ending, easy to identify once familiar.
Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest
Voraussetzungen
Als Nächstes lernen
Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Use ~ㅂ니다 with verbs ending in a vowel. Drop 다 from the verb stem.
하다 (to do) -> 합니다 (I do)
Use ~습니다 with verbs ending in a consonant. Drop 다 from the verb stem.
먹다 (to eat) -> 먹습니다 (I eat)
For questions, use ~ㅂ니까 with verbs ending in a vowel.
하다 (to do) -> 합니까? (Do you do?)
For questions, use ~습니까 with verbs ending in a consonant.
먹다 (to eat) -> 먹습니까? (Do you eat?)
This ending is used in formal situations like news broadcasts, presentations, or when speaking to someone of higher status.
저는 학생입니다. (I am a student.)
Beispiele nach Niveau
저는 학생입니다.
I am a student.
Used for 'I am a student' in a formal, polite way.
이것은 책입니다.
This is a book.
Used to formally state 'This is a book'.
한국어를 공부합니다.
I study Korean.
Used to formally state 'I study Korean'.
어디에 갑니까?
Where are you going?
Used to formally ask 'Where are you going?'
밥을 먹습니다.
I eat rice/a meal.
Used to formally state 'I eat rice/a meal'.
날씨가 좋습니다.
The weather is good.
Used to formally state 'The weather is good'.
무엇을 합니까?
What are you doing?
Used to formally ask 'What are you doing?'
읽습니다.
I read.
Used to formally state 'I read' or 'He/She reads'.
안녕하세요. 만나서 반갑습니다.
Hello. Nice to meet you.
Literally 'hello' (formal) + 'meet' + 'nice to meet you' (formal). Used in formal greetings.
저는 학생입니다. 무엇을 도와 드릴까요?
I am a student. How can I help you?
Literally 'I' + 'topic particle' + 'student' + 'am' (formal). 'What' + 'object particle' + 'help' + 'can I give you?' (formal).
이것은 제 가방입니다.
This is my bag.
Literally 'this' + 'topic particle' + 'my' + 'bag' + 'is' (formal).
날씨가 정말 춥습니다.
The weather is really cold.
Literally 'weather' + 'subject particle' + 'really' + 'cold' (formal).
점심 식사 하셨습니까?
Have you had lunch?
Literally 'lunch' + 'meal' + 'did you eat?' (formal interrogative).
네, 먹었습니다. 감사합니다.
Yes, I ate. Thank you.
Literally 'yes' + 'ate' (formal) + 'thank you' (formal).
몇 시에 문을 닫습니까?
What time do you close?
Literally 'what' + 'time' + 'at' + 'door' + 'object particle' + 'close?' (formal interrogative).
오후 9시에 닫습니다.
We close at 9 PM.
Literally 'afternoon' + '9 o'clock' + 'at' + 'close' (formal).
저는 한국어를 공부합니다.
I study Korean.
Used for a declarative statement.
이것은 무엇입니까?
What is this?
Used for an interrogative statement.
식사하셨습니까?
Have you eaten?
A polite way to ask if someone has eaten.
내일 회의에 참석하시겠습니까?
Will you attend the meeting tomorrow?
A formal and polite way to ask about future attendance.
저희는 최선을 다하겠습니다.
We will do our best.
A polite and determined declarative statement.
오늘 날씨가 정말 좋습니다.
The weather is really good today.
A polite declarative statement about the weather.
도와드릴까요?
May I help you?
A polite way to offer help.
안녕히 계십시오.
Goodbye (to someone staying).
A formal and polite farewell.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
이것은 무엇입니까?
What is this?
어디에 있습니까?
Where is it?
한국어를 공부합니다.
I study Korean.
저는 학생입니다.
I am a student.
커피를 마십니다.
I drink coffee.
책을 읽습니다.
I read a book.
지금 갑니다.
I am going now.
밥을 먹습니다.
I eat a meal.
이름이 무엇입니까?
What is your name?
도와주셔서 감사합니다.
Thank you for your help.
Wird oft verwechselt mit
This is the standard polite ending (informal polite). It's generally used in everyday conversations with people you know well or are close to in age. ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is more formal and respectful.
This is the informal, impolite, or casual form used with very close friends, family members younger than you, or children. It lacks any politeness markers, whereas ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is highly polite.
While ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is for statements, remember to change 다 to 까 (~ㅂ니까/습니까) for questions. This is a common point of confusion for beginners.
Grammatikmuster
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
"안녕하세요"
Hello, How are you? (literally: Are you peaceful?)
안녕하세요, 저는 [이름]입니다. (Hello, I am [name].)
formal"감사합니다"
Thank you (literally: I am grateful)
도와주셔서 감사합니다. (Thank you for helping.)
formal"죄송합니다"
I am sorry (literally: I am 죄송/sorry)
늦어서 죄송합니다. (I am sorry for being late.)
formal"괜찮습니다"
It's okay / I am okay (literally: It is okay)
괜찮습니다, 걱정하지 마세요. (It's okay, don't worry.)
formal"반갑습니다"
Nice to meet you (literally: I am glad)
만나서 반갑습니다. (It's nice to meet you.)
formal"예"
Yes
예, 맞습니다. (Yes, that's right.)
formal"아니요"
No
아니요, 괜찮습니다. (No, it's okay.)
formal"이것은 무엇입니까?"
What is this? (literally: This what is it?)
이것은 무엇입니까? 연필입니다. (What is this? It's a pencil.)
formal"어디에 있습니까?"
Where is it? (literally: Where is it?)
화장실은 어디에 있습니까? (Where is the restroom?)
formal"잘 부탁드립니다"
Please take good care of me / I look forward to working with you (literally: I ask for your good favor)
앞으로 잘 부탁드립니다. (I look forward to working with you in the future.)
formalLeicht verwechselbar
Often confused with other verb forms of 'to do'.
This is the formal polite declarative form of '하다' (to do).
저는 운동을 합니다. (I exercise.)
Looks similar to other politeness levels for 'to be/to have'.
This is the formal polite declarative form of '있다' (to be/to have/to exist).
책상 위에 책이 있습니다. (There is a book on the desk.)
Similar to '있습니다' in form, but opposite meaning.
This is the formal polite declarative form of '없다' (to not be/to not have).
시간이 없습니다. (I don't have time.)
Often appears in many contexts, can be mistaken for other verb endings.
This is the formal polite declarative form of '가다' (to go).
학교에 갑니다. (I go to school.)
Similar to '갑니다' in structure and usage.
This is the formal polite declarative form of '오다' (to come).
친구가 집에 옵니다. (My friend comes home.)
Satzmuster
Verb stem + 습니다 (declarative, consonant stem)
읽다 (to read) -> 읽습니다 (I read / I am reading).
Verb stem + ㅂ니다 (declarative, vowel stem)
하다 (to do) -> 합니다 (I do / I am doing).
Adjective stem + 습니다 (declarative, consonant stem)
좋다 (to be good) -> 좋습니다 (It is good).
Adjective stem + ㅂ니다 (declarative, vowel stem)
예쁘다 (to be pretty) -> 예쁩니다 (It is pretty).
Verb stem + 습니까? (interrogative, consonant stem)
먹다 (to eat) -> 먹습니까? (Do you eat? / Are you eating?)
Verb stem + ㅂ니까? (interrogative, vowel stem)
오다 (to come) -> 옵니까? (Do you come? / Are you coming?)
Adjective stem + 습니까? (interrogative, consonant stem)
덥다 (to be hot) -> 덥습니까? (Is it hot?)
Adjective stem + ㅂ니까? (interrogative, vowel stem)
크다 (to be big) -> 큽니까? (Is it big?)
So verwendest du es
Use ~ㅂ니다 (Korean consonant + ㅂ니다) when the verb stem ends in a vowel. Use ~습니다 (Korean consonant + 습니다) when the verb stem ends in a consonant. Use this ending in formal situations such as presentations, news reports, or when addressing a large audience. It is also common in written form.
Using ~ㅂ니다/습니다 in casual conversations: This ending is too formal for everyday chats with friends or family. For casual settings, use ~아/어요. Incorrectly attaching ~ㅂ니다/습니다 to nouns or adjectives without a proper verb: Remember, it's a verb ending. You need a verb stem to attach it to. For example, to say 'It is cold' formally, you'd use 춥습니다 (춥다 + 습니다), not simply '춥다ㅂ니다'. Confusing declarative with interrogative form: While ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is for declarative sentences, the interrogative form is ~ㅂ니까/습니까. Don't use ~ㅂ니다/습니다 when asking a question.
Tipps
When to use ~ㅂ니다/습니다
This ending is used in formal and polite situations. Think news broadcasts, presentations, or speaking to someone significantly older or in a higher position. It's also common in written materials like official documents.
Choosing between ~ㅂ니다 and ~습니다
If the verb stem ends in a vowel, you add ~ㅂ니다. For example, 가다 (to go) becomes 갑니다. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, you add ~습니다. For example, 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹습니다.
Declarative sentences with ~ㅂ니다/습니다
To make a statement, simply attach the correct ending to the verb stem. For example, '저는 학생입니다.' (I am a student.).
Interrogative sentences with ~ㅂ니까/습니까
To ask a question, change the ending slightly to ~ㅂ니까/습니까. For example, '점심 드셨습니까?' (Did you eat lunch?). The sound changes to 'kka' at the end.
Past tense with ~ㅂ니다/습니다
You can use this ending with past tense markers. For example, '갔습니다.' (I went.) or '먹었습니다.' (I ate.). The past tense stem (like 갔- or 먹었-) is treated like a consonant-ending stem.
Future tense with ~ㅂ니다/습니다
Similarly, you can use it with future tense markers. For example, '갈 겁니다.' (I will go.) or '먹을 겁니다.' (I will eat.).
Formality in Korean culture
Understanding when to use formal speech is crucial in Korean culture. Using ~ㅂ니다/습니다 shows respect and politeness, especially to strangers or those older than you.
Don't overuse it in casual settings
While polite, using ~ㅂ니다/습니다 with close friends or family can sound too formal or even cold. You'll learn more casual endings later, like ~아/어요.
Practice with common verbs
Start by practicing with frequently used verbs like 가다 (to go), 오다 (to come), 먹다 (to eat), 마시다 (to drink), 하다 (to do). Conjugate them into the declarative and interrogative forms. For example: 갑니다, 갑니까, 옵니다, 옵니까, 먹습니다, 먹습니까.
Irregular verbs with ~ㅂ니다/습니다
Be aware that some irregular verbs have special rules. For example, ㄷ irregular verbs (like 듣다 - to listen) change their stem when followed by a vowel, but when followed by ~습니다, they mostly behave regularly: 듣습니다 (I listen). More on irregularities later!
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Think of '~ㅂ니다/습니다' as the 'Bowing Form'. When you bow, you're being formal and polite. The 'ㅂ' in '습니다' looks a bit like someone bowing their head.
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a formal business meeting or a news anchor speaking. They would always use ~ㅂ니다/습니다. Picture a well-dressed person speaking respectfully.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to say 5 things about yourself using ~ㅂ니다/습니다. For example, '저는 [이름]입니다.' (I am [name].)
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Introducing yourself in a formal setting.
- 저는 [이름]입니다. (I am [name].)
- 만나서 반갑습니다. (Nice to meet you.)
- 안녕하세요. (Hello.)
Making an announcement or presentation.
- 시작하겠습니다. (I will begin.)
- 감사합니다. (Thank you.)
- 질문 있습니까? (Are there any questions?)
Ordering food at a restaurant.
- [음식] 주세요. ([Food] please.)
- 얼마입니까? (How much is it?)
- 맛있습니다. (It is delicious.)
Asking for directions or information.
- 여기 어디입니까? (Where is this place?)
- 도와주세요. (Please help me.)
- 화장실이 어디입니까? (Where is the restroom?)
Speaking with elders or superiors.
- 네, 알겠습니다. (Yes, I understand.)
- 죄송합니다. (I am sorry.)
- 고맙습니다. (Thank you.)
Gesprächseinstiege
"처음 뵙겠습니다. (It's my first time meeting you.)"
"어느 나라 사람입니까? (What country are you from?)"
"한국 음식 좋아합니까? (Do you like Korean food?)"
"주말에 무엇을 합니까? (What do you do on weekends?)"
"어디에 삽니까? (Where do you live?)"
Tagebuch-Impulse
오늘 배운 한국어 문장을 사용해서 일기를 쓰세요. (Write a diary entry using the Korean sentences you learned today.)
새로운 사람을 만났을 때 자신을 어떻게 소개할 것인지 한국어로 써보세요. (Write in Korean how you would introduce yourself when meeting a new person.)
가장 좋아하는 한국 음식에 대해 한국어로 설명하세요. (Describe your favorite Korean food in Korean.)
주말 계획에 대해 한국어로 쓰세요. (Write about your weekend plans in Korean.)
한국에서 가보고 싶은 곳과 그 이유를 한국어로 설명하세요. (Explain in Korean where you want to visit in Korea and why.)
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenThis is a formal polite ending you attach to verbs and adjectives in Korean. It's used when you want to sound very polite and respectful, often in presentations, news broadcasts, or when speaking to someone of higher status.
You should use it in formal situations. Think about public speaking, official announcements, or when addressing someone you need to show a lot of respect to, like a boss, a teacher, or an elder you don't know well.
It depends on the last syllable of the verb or adjective stem. If the stem ends in a consonant (has a batchim), you use ~습니다. If it ends in a vowel (no batchim), you use ~ㅂ니다.
Certainly! For a verb like 먹다 (meok-da, to eat), the stem is 먹 (meok). Since it ends in a consonant, you add ~습니다. So, you get 먹습니다 (meok-seup-ni-da), meaning 'I eat' or 'He/She eats' in a formal polite way.
Of course! For a verb like 가다 (ga-da, to go), the stem is 가 (ga). Since it ends in a vowel, you add ~ㅂ니다. So, you get 갑니다 (gap-ni-da), meaning 'I go' or 'He/She goes' in a formal polite way.
Yes, it is! When you're asking a question in a formal polite way, you use ~ㅂ니까/습니까. It follows the same consonant/vowel rule as the declarative form.
Absolutely. For 'to eat' (먹다), the question form is 먹습니까? (meok-seup-ni-kka?) meaning 'Do you eat?' or 'Is he/she eating?' formally. For 'to go' (가다), it's 갑니까? (gap-ni-kka?) meaning 'Do you go?' or 'Is he/she going?' formally.
Not usually. In everyday casual conversations, you'll hear other politeness levels more often, like the ~아요/어요 ending. ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is reserved for more formal settings or when you want to emphasize respect.
The main difference is the level of formality. ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is highly formal and polite, often used in public or professional settings. ~아요/어요 is generally polite but less formal, used in most everyday interactions with people you don't know well or want to show some respect to.
Yes, some irregular verbs and adjectives follow specific rules when ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is attached. For example, '듣다' (deut-da, to listen) becomes 듣습니다 (deut-seup-ni-da). But if the stem ends in 'ㄹ' (like 살다, sal-da, to live), the 'ㄹ' is dropped before adding ~ㅂ니다, making it 삽니다 (sam-ni-da). You'll learn these as you progress!
Teste dich selbst 114 Fragen
This is a common greeting. What does it sound like?
Someone is expressing gratitude. What are they saying?
This is a farewell. What does it mean when you are leaving?
Read this aloud:
저는 학생입니다.
Focus: 입니다
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
이것은 책입니다.
Focus: 입니다
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
한국에 갑니다.
Focus: 갑니다
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Complete the sentence with the correct formal polite ending: 저는 학생이__
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 학생입니다. (I am a student.)
Change the informal statement to a formal polite statement: "저는 한국어 공부해요."
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 한국어 공부합니다. (I study Korean.)
Form a formal polite question asking "Are you a teacher?"
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
선생님입니까? (Are you a teacher?)
What is the speaker's profession?
Read this passage:
저는 회사원입니다. 제 이름은 김민수입니다.
What is the speaker's profession?
The passage says '저는 회사원입니다' which means 'I am an office worker.'
The passage says '저는 회사원입니다' which means 'I am an office worker.'
What is '저것'?
Read this passage:
이것은 책입니다. 저것은 연필입니다.
What is '저것'?
'저것은 연필입니다' means 'That is a pencil.'
'저것은 연필입니다' means 'That is a pencil.'
How is the weather?
Read this passage:
날씨가 좋습니다. 감사합니다.
How is the weather?
'날씨가 좋습니다' means 'The weather is good.'
'날씨가 좋습니다' means 'The weather is good.'
The subject '저는' (I) comes first, then the noun '공부' (study), and finally the verb '합니다' (do) with the formal ending.
The subject '저는' (I) comes first, then the object '밥을' (rice), and finally the verb '먹습니다' (eat) with the formal ending.
The subject '저는' (I) comes first, then the noun '학생' (student), and finally '입니다' (am) with the formal ending.
저는 학생이___ (I am a student.)
To form a declarative statement with a noun ending in a consonant, you attach 입니다. 학생 ends in a consonant.
밥을 먹___ (I eat rice.)
For verbs, if the stem ends in a consonant, you add 습니다. 먹다's stem is 먹, which ends in a consonant.
이것은 책이___ (Is this a book?)
To form an interrogative question with a noun ending in a consonant, you attach 입니까. 책 ends in a consonant.
어디에 가___ (Where are you going?)
For verbs, if the stem ends in a vowel, you add ㅂ니까 for a question. 가다's stem is 가, which ends in a vowel.
저는 한국어를 공부하___ (I study Korean.)
For verbs, if the stem ends in a vowel, you add ㅂ니다 for a declarative statement. 공부하다's stem is 공부하, which ends in a vowel.
날씨가 좋___ (The weather is good.)
For descriptive verbs (adjectives), if the stem ends in a consonant, you add 습니다. 좋다's stem is 좋, which ends in a consonant.
You are at a job interview. Introduce yourself formally in Korean. Include your name and what you do.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
안녕하십니까? 저는 김민준입니다. 저는 회사원입니다.
You are writing an email to your professor. Inform them formally that you will be absent from class today because you are sick.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
교수님, 안녕하세요? 저는 오늘 수업에 결석합니다. 제가 아픕니다. 죄송합니다.
Describe your hobby in one formal sentence. For example, if your hobby is reading, you might say: '제 취미는 독서입니다.'
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
제 취미는 요리입니다.
이지혜 씨는 무엇을 합니까?
Read this passage:
안녕하십니까? 저는 이지혜입니다. 저는 한국 사람입니다. 저는 학생입니다. 저는 한국어를 공부합니다.
이지혜 씨는 무엇을 합니까?
이지혜 씨는 '학생입니다'라고 말했습니다.
이지혜 씨는 '학생입니다'라고 말했습니다.
화자는 어디에 갑니까?
Read this passage:
오늘 날씨가 정말 좋습니다. 하늘이 맑습니다. 저는 공원에 갑니다. 거기서 친구를 만납니다.
화자는 어디에 갑니까?
화자는 '저는 공원에 갑니다'라고 말했습니다.
화자는 '저는 공원에 갑니다'라고 말했습니다.
화자는 몇 시에 회사에 갑니까?
Read this passage:
저는 매일 아침 7시에 일어납니다. 아침 식사를 합니다. 그리고 8시에 회사에 갑니다.
화자는 몇 시에 회사에 갑니까?
화자는 '8시에 회사에 갑니다'라고 말했습니다.
화자는 '8시에 회사에 갑니다'라고 말했습니다.
In Korean, the common sentence structure for declarative sentences is Subject-Object-Verb. '저는' is the subject, '책을' is the object, and '읽습니다' is the verb ending with the formal polite suffix.
This follows the common Korean sentence structure of Subject-Location-Verb. '학생들은' (students) is the subject, '학교에' (to school) is the location, and '갑니다' (go) is the verb.
Adverbs like '매일' (every day) often come before the object or the verb in Korean sentences. The structure is Subject-Adverb-Object-Verb.
Listen to the formal introduction.
Listen to the question and answer about the time.
Listen to the question and answer about an object.
Read this aloud:
안녕하세요. 제 이름은 [Your Name]입니다.
Focus: 안녕하세요, 입니다
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
저는 학생입니다.
Focus: 저는, 학생입니다
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
이것은 제 가방입니다.
Focus: 이것은, 가방입니다
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You are at a job interview in Korea. Introduce yourself formally, including your name, nationality, and how long you've been studying Korean. Remember to use the ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
안녕하십니까? 제 이름은 [Your Name]입니다. 저는 [Your Nationality] 사람입니다. 저는 한국어를 [Number]년 동안 공부했습니다.
Describe your favorite hobby in a formal setting (e.g., to an elder or a superior). Explain what it is and why you enjoy it, using ~ㅂ니다/습니다.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저의 취미는 독서입니다. 저는 책을 읽는 것을 매우 좋아합니다. 책을 읽으면 새로운 지식을 얻을 수 있어서 즐겁습니다.
Imagine you are giving a short presentation about your country. Write a formal sentence introducing your country and one interesting fact about it, using ~ㅂ니다/습니다.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저의 나라는 [Your Country]입니다. [Your Country]에는 [Interesting Fact]라는 독특한 문화가 있습니다.
What does Kim Min-su do during the week?
Read this passage:
안녕하세요. 저는 김민수입니다. 저는 회사에서 일합니다. 매일 아침 9시에 출근합니다. 저녁 6시에 퇴근합니다. 제 업무는 서류를 정리하고 회의에 참석하는 것입니다. 주말에는 주로 집에서 쉽니다.
What does Kim Min-su do during the week?
The passage states, '저는 회사에서 일합니다. 제 업무는 서류를 정리하고 회의에 참석하는 것입니다.' (I work at a company. My job is to organize documents and attend meetings.)
The passage states, '저는 회사에서 일합니다. 제 업무는 서류를 정리하고 회의에 참석하는 것입니다.' (I work at a company. My job is to organize documents and attend meetings.)
What do the friends do after the movie?
Read this passage:
이번 주말에 친구와 함께 영화를 봅니다. 영화는 오후 2시에 시작합니다. 영화가 끝나면 저녁 식사를 합니다. 저녁 식사 후에는 카페에 가서 커피를 마시며 이야기합니다. 우리는 항상 주말을 즐겁게 보냅니다.
What do the friends do after the movie?
The passage says, '영화가 끝나면 저녁 식사를 합니다. 저녁 식사 후에는 카페에 가서 커피를 마시며 이야기합니다.' (After the movie, we have dinner. After dinner, we go to a cafe and talk while drinking coffee.)
The passage says, '영화가 끝나면 저녁 식사를 합니다. 저녁 식사 후에는 카페에 가서 커피를 마시며 이야기합니다.' (After the movie, we have dinner. After dinner, we go to a cafe and talk while drinking coffee.)
What kind of food is bulgogi?
Read this passage:
저는 한국 음식을 아주 좋아합니다. 특히 비빔밥과 불고기를 좋아합니다. 비빔밥은 여러 가지 채소와 고기를 밥과 함께 비벼 먹는 음식입니다. 불고기는 양념한 소고기를 구워 먹는 음식입니다. 두 음식 모두 맛있습니다.
What kind of food is bulgogi?
The passage describes bulgogi as '양념한 소고기를 구워 먹는 음식입니다.' (seasoned beef that is grilled and eaten.)
The passage describes bulgogi as '양념한 소고기를 구워 먹는 음식입니다.' (seasoned beef that is grilled and eaten.)
저는 이 회사에 새로 입사한 직원입___.
After a noun ending in a vowel, you use '입니다'. Here, '직원' ends in a consonant, so '입니다' is correct, but '니다' completes the '입니다' form.
오늘 회의는 몇 시에 시작합___?
To form a formal polite question, you add 'ㅂ니까/습니까' after the verb stem. '시작하다' (to start) ends in a vowel, so '합니까' is correct.
저희 팀은 새로운 프로젝트를 준비하고 있___.
The verb stem '있-' (to be/exist) ends in a consonant, so '습니다' is used to form a formal polite declarative sentence.
사장님, 이 서류를 언제까지 제출해야 합___?
To ask a formal polite question, 'ㅂ니까/습니까' is attached to the verb stem. '제출하다' (to submit) ends in a vowel, so '합니까' is correct.
이곳은 저희 회사의 본사입___.
When the preceding noun ends in a vowel, '입니다' is used. '본사' ends in a vowel, making '입니다' the correct form. '니다' is the ending part of '입니다'.
다음 주에 제주도로 출장을 갑___.
The verb stem '가-' (to go) ends in a vowel, so 'ㅂ니다' is used to form a formal polite declarative sentence. Thus, '갑니다' is correct.
Choose the most natural formal polite ending for a statement:
'-습니다' is used for formal polite declarative statements. '-습니까?' is interrogative, and '-이에요/예요' and '-이야/야' are informal.
Which sentence correctly uses the formal polite interrogative ending?
'-습니까?' is the correct formal polite interrogative ending. '-입니다' is declarative, and '-이에요/예요' and '-이야/야' are informal.
Select the sentence that uses the formal polite ending for a verb.
The verb '배우다' (to learn) combines with '-ㅂ니다' to form '배웁니다' for a formal polite declarative statement. '-ㅂ니까?' is interrogative, and '-아요/어요' and '-아/어' are informal.
The ending '~ㅂ니다/습니다' can be used interchangeably with '~아요/어요' in all formal situations.
'~ㅂ니다/습니다' is a higher level of formality often used in presentations, news broadcasts, or very formal settings, whereas '~아요/어요' is generally polite but less formal, suitable for everyday polite conversation.
When the verb stem ends in a vowel, '~ㅂ니다' is used, and when it ends in a consonant, '~습니다' is used.
This is the correct rule for attaching the '~ㅂ니다/습니다' ending. For example, '가다' (to go) becomes '갑니다' (vowel stem), and '먹다' (to eat) becomes '먹습니다' (consonant stem).
The interrogative form of '~ㅂ니다/습니다' is '~ㅂ니까/습니까?'.
This is correct. The '다' changes to '까' to form a question in the formal polite style.
You are writing a formal email to a new Korean colleague, introducing yourself and your role. Write a short paragraph introducing yourself.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
안녕하십니까? 저는 [당신의 이름]입니다. 저는 [당신의 직책]입니다. 앞으로 잘 부탁드립니다.
Imagine you are giving a formal presentation about your company's new product. Write a sentence stating the name of the product and its main benefit.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저희 신제품은 [제품 이름]입니다. 이 제품은 [주요 이점]이라는 특징이 있습니다.
You are a manager giving instructions to your team. Write a sentence telling them to complete a task by a certain deadline.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
이 업무는 [날짜/시간]까지 완료해 주십시오.
회의는 언제 진행됩니까?
Read this passage:
이번 주 회의는 금요일 오전 10시에 진행됩니다. 모든 참석자들은 회의 자료를 미리 검토해 주십시오. 중요한 안건들이 논의될 예정입니다.
회의는 언제 진행됩니까?
The passage clearly states '금요일 오전 10시에 진행됩니다' (will proceed at 10 AM on Friday).
The passage clearly states '금요일 오전 10시에 진행됩니다' (will proceed at 10 AM on Friday).
이 회사가 가장 중요하게 생각하는 것은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
저희 회사는 고객 만족을 최우선으로 생각합니다. 따라서 고객 서비스 개선을 위한 새로운 정책을 도입했습니다. 고객 여러분의 많은 관심 부탁드립니다.
이 회사가 가장 중요하게 생각하는 것은 무엇입니까?
The passage states '저희 회사는 고객 만족을 최우선으로 생각합니다' (Our company prioritizes customer satisfaction).
The passage states '저희 회사는 고객 만족을 최우선으로 생각합니다' (Our company prioritizes customer satisfaction).
새로운 프로젝트 팀에서 중요한 것은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
새로운 프로젝트 팀이 구성되었습니다. 팀원들은 각자의 역할에 따라 업무를 분담할 것입니다. 효율적인 업무 진행을 위해 긴밀한 협력이 필요합니다.
새로운 프로젝트 팀에서 중요한 것은 무엇입니까?
The passage emphasizes '효율적인 업무 진행을 위해 긴밀한 협력이 필요합니다' (close cooperation is needed for efficient work progress).
The passage emphasizes '효율적인 업무 진행을 위해 긴밀한 협력이 필요합니다' (close cooperation is needed for efficient work progress).
The correct order is Subject-Object-Adverb-Verb. '저는' (I) is the subject, '공부를' (study) is the object, '열심히' (hard) is the adverb, and '합니다' (do) is the verb.
The correct order is Subject-Adverb-Object-Verb. '그는' (He) is the subject, '매일' (every day) is the adverb, '책을' (book) is the object, and '읽습니다' (reads) is the verb.
The correct order for a negative sentence is Subject-Object-Verb (negative form). '저는' (I) is the subject, '아침을' (breakfast) is the object, and '먹지 않습니다' (do not eat) is the negative verb phrase.
저는 이 프로젝트의 중요성을 ___ (강조하다).
The sentence is a declarative statement emphasizing the importance of the project. '강조합니다' is the formal polite declarative ending.
이 복잡한 문제를 어떻게 해결해야 ___ (고민하다)?
The sentence is an interrogative question about how to solve a complex problem. '고민합니까' is the formal polite interrogative ending.
저희는 고객의 피드백을 적극적으로 ___ (수용하다).
This is a declarative statement indicating the acceptance of customer feedback. '수용합니다' is the correct formal polite declarative ending.
귀사의 최신 기술 동향에 대해 더 자세히 알고 ___ (싶다).
The sentence expresses a desire to know more about the company's latest technology trends. '싶습니다' is the formal polite declarative ending for '싶다'.
현재 진행 중인 연구의 최종 목표는 무엇이라고 ___ (생각하다)?
This is an interrogative question asking about the final goal of the ongoing research. '생각합니까' is the formal polite interrogative ending.
저희 팀은 항상 최선을 다해 업무에 임하고 ___ (있다).
The sentence is a declarative statement that the team always does its best in their work. '있습니다' is the formal polite declarative ending for '있다'.
Choose the most natural and formal way to ask if someone is a student in a professional setting.
학생입니까? uses the formal polite interrogative ending -ㅂ니까?, which is appropriate for a professional setting. The other options are either less formal or express uncertainty.
Which sentence correctly uses the formal polite declarative ending to state a fact in a formal report?
이것은 중요한 자료입니다. uses the formal polite declarative ending -ㅂ니다, which is suitable for a formal report. The other options are either less formal or express speculation.
You are giving a presentation to a group of executives. How would you formally conclude your statement about the company's achievements?
저희는 좋은 성과를 달성했습니다. uses the formal polite declarative ending -습니다, which is appropriate for a formal presentation to executives. The other options are less formal or express uncertainty.
Using ~ㅂ니다/습니다 in a casual conversation with close friends would sound natural and appropriate.
The ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending is a formal polite ending, making it unnatural and overly formal for casual conversations with close friends.
When addressing a large, unfamiliar audience in a public speech, ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is the most appropriate ending to use for declarative sentences.
In public speeches to unfamiliar audiences, using the formal polite ending ~ㅂ니다/습니다 shows respect and maintains a professional tone.
If a verb stem ends in a consonant, you should use ~ㅂ니다 to form the formal polite declarative ending.
If a verb stem ends in a consonant, you should use ~습니다. If it ends in a vowel, you use ~ㅂ니다.
The company leads the future with innovative technology.
Your in-depth analysis on this issue is required.
We wish for the successful completion of the ongoing project.
Read this aloud:
복잡한 사회 문제를 해결하기 위한 지속적인 노력이 중요합니다.
Focus: 중요합니다
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
글로벌 시장에서의 경쟁력을 강화하는 방안을 모색합니다.
Focus: 모색합니다
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
저희는 고객 만족을 최우선으로 생각하며 끊임없이 발전합니다.
Focus: 발전합니다
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
You are a university student presenting a complex research project to a panel of esteemed professors. Write an introduction to your presentation, ensuring all declarative and interrogative sentences use the formal polite ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending. Your introduction should clearly state your research topic, its significance, and briefly outline your methodology.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
안녕하십니까? 저는 오늘 인공지능 기반의 언어 모델 발전이 현대 사회에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 발표하고자 합니다. 본 연구는 인공지능 기술의 급속한 발전에 따라 언어 모델이 인간의 소통 방식과 사회 구조에 어떻게 변화를 가져오는지 심층적으로 분석합니다. 이 연구의 중요성은 인공지능 시대에 우리가 직면할 수 있는 기회와 도전을 이해하고 대비하는 데 있습니다. 저희 연구팀은 정량적 및 정성적 분석 방법을 활용하여 다양한 데이터 세트를 검토하였습니다. 경청해 주셔서 감사합니다.
You are a CEO addressing your employees about a new company policy that requires significant changes in their work routine. Write a memo explaining the new policy, its benefits, and what is expected of them. Use the formal polite ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending throughout, maintaining a respectful yet firm tone.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
임직원 여러분께, 새로운 업무 효율성 증진 정책을 공지합니다. 본 정책은 급변하는 시장 환경에 능동적으로 대응하고, 더 나은 업무 환경을 조성하기 위해 마련되었습니다. 이 정책을 통해 우리는 더욱 유연하고 생산적인 방식으로 업무에 임할 수 있습니다. 각 부서에서는 새로운 지침에 따라 업무 프로세스를 재정비하고, 적극적인 참여를 부탁드립니다. 변화는 항상 도전이지만, 우리는 이 변화를 통해 더욱 강력한 기업으로 성장할 것입니다. 감사합니다.
You are a government official being interviewed by a national news agency about a controversial new public health initiative. Write your response to a question asking about the potential negative impacts of the initiative. Use the formal polite ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending to convey professionalism and authority, while acknowledging concerns and offering reassurances.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저희는 이번 공중 보건 정책이 일부 시민들에게 잠재적인 불편을 초래할 수 있음을 충분히 인식하고 있습니다. 그러나 이 정책은 국민 전체의 건강과 안전을 최우선으로 고려하여 수립되었습니다. 저희 정부는 발생할 수 있는 모든 문제점들을 최소화하기 위해 다각적인 대책을 마련하고 있습니다. 또한, 시민 여러분의 의견을 경청하며 지속적으로 정책을 보완해 나갈 것을 약속드립니다. 이 정책이 장기적으로 우리 사회에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라고 확신합니다.
위 글의 내용으로 보아, 정부가 한류 콘텐츠 발전을 위해 어떤 노력을 하고 있습니까?
Read this passage:
최근 한류의 영향력이 전 세계적으로 확대되면서 한국 문화 콘텐츠에 대한 관심이 증대하고 있습니다. 특히 K-Pop과 드라마는 국가 경제에 미치는 파급 효과가 상당합니다. 이러한 현상은 단순한 문화적 유행을 넘어, 국가 브랜드 가치 상승에도 크게 기여합니다. 이에 정부는 한류 콘텐츠의 지속적인 발전을 위해 다양한 지원 정책을 모색하고 있습니다.
위 글의 내용으로 보아, 정부가 한류 콘텐츠 발전을 위해 어떤 노력을 하고 있습니까?
지문에서 '정부는 한류 콘텐츠의 지속적인 발전을 위해 다양한 지원 정책을 모색하고 있습니다.'라고 명시하고 있습니다.
지문에서 '정부는 한류 콘텐츠의 지속적인 발전을 위해 다양한 지원 정책을 모색하고 있습니다.'라고 명시하고 있습니다.
위 글의 주된 내용으로 가장 적절한 것은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
기후 변화는 전 지구적 문제이며, 이에 대한 국제 사회의 협력은 필수적입니다. 탄소 배출량 감축은 시급한 과제이며, 각국 정부는 신재생에너지 기술 개발에 적극적으로 투자하고 있습니다. 또한, 시민 사회의 환경 보호 인식 증진 또한 중요한 해결책 중 하나로 강조됩니다. 우리는 미래 세대를 위해 지속 가능한 환경을 만들어야 합니다.
위 글의 주된 내용으로 가장 적절한 것은 무엇입니까?
지문은 기후 변화가 전 지구적 문제이며, 국제 사회의 협력, 탄소 배출량 감축, 신재생에너지 투자, 시민 사회의 인식 증진 등 다양한 해결책과 노력을 포괄적으로 다루고 있습니다.
지문은 기후 변화가 전 지구적 문제이며, 국제 사회의 협력, 탄소 배출량 감축, 신재생에너지 투자, 시민 사회의 인식 증진 등 다양한 해결책과 노력을 포괄적으로 다루고 있습니다.
이 글에서 강조하는 미디어 리터러시의 역할이 아닌 것은 무엇입니까?
Read this passage:
현대 사회는 정보의 홍수 속에서 살아갑니다. 이러한 환경에서 정보를 비판적으로 수용하고 분석하는 능력은 매우 중요합니다. 미디어 리터러시는 단순한 정보 소비를 넘어, 정보를 생산하고 유통하는 과정까지 이해하는 것을 포함합니다. 이는 민주시민으로서 합리적인 의사결정을 내리는 데 필수적인 역량입니다. 따라서 교육 기관에서는 미디어 리터러시 교육을 강화해야 한다고 주장합니다.
이 글에서 강조하는 미디어 리터러시의 역할이 아닌 것은 무엇입니까?
지문에서 '미디어 리터러시는 단순한 정보 소비를 넘어'라고 명시하며 단순한 정보 소비가 아님을 강조하고 있습니다.
지문에서 '미디어 리터러시는 단순한 정보 소비를 넘어'라고 명시하며 단순한 정보 소비가 아님을 강조하고 있습니다.
This sentence describes an innovative technology developed by the speaker. The words need to be ordered to form a coherent declarative statement in a formal polite tone.
This sentence is a formal polite request to review a proposal for improving a company's profit structure. The words must be arranged to form a proper interrogative sentence.
This sentence explains that 'we' are currently analyzing market trends and formulating a new strategy. The words need to be in the correct order to convey this information in a formal polite manner.
다음 문장을 완성하시오: 이 복잡한 문제는 심층적인 분석을 통해서만 해결될 수 ____.
문장의 맥락상, 격식 있고 정중한 평서형 종결 어미가 필요합니다. '~ㅂ니다/습니다'는 이러한 상황에 적합합니다. '있나'는 의문형, '있어'는 반말 평서형, '있고'는 연결 어미입니다.
빈칸에 알맞은 형태를 고르시오: 글로벌 경제 위기에 대한 심도 깊은 논의가 지금부터 시작될 ____.
미래 시제를 나타내며 격식 있는 표현으로는 '것입니다'가 가장 적절합니다. '겁니다'는 구어체 표현에 가깝고, '것인가'는 의문형, '것이어야'는 당위성을 나타냅니다.
다음 대화에서 올바른 답변을 고르시오: '프로젝트 진행 상황에 대해 궁금한 점이 있으십니까?' '네, 자세한 보고를 언제 받을 수 ____?'
격식 있는 상황에서 상대방에게 정보를 요청하는 의문형 표현으로 '있겠습니까'가 가장 적합합니다. '있을까요'는 좀 더 부드러운 의문형이며, '있을지'는 불확실성을 나타내거나 연결 어미로 사용됩니다. '있어야'는 당위성을 나타냅니다.
빈칸에 가장 적절한 어미를 넣으시오: 이 사안은 국제법적 관점에서 매우 복잡하게 얽혀 ____.
객관적인 사실을 격식 있게 진술하는 상황이므로 평서형 종결 어미인 '있습니다'가 적합합니다. '있겠지'는 추측, '있으니'는 이유를 나타내는 연결 어미, '있을까'는 의문형입니다.
다음 문장을 완성하여 격식 있는 제안을 만드시오: 효율적인 문제 해결을 위해 전문가 패널을 소집할 것을 제안 ____.
격식 있는 상황에서 자신의 의견이나 제안을 평서형으로 표현할 때 '합니다'가 가장 적절합니다. '하나요'는 의문형, '하자'는 청유형(비격식), '할까'는 의문형(비격식)입니다.
다음 질문에 대한 격식 있는 답변으로 가장 알맞은 것을 고르시오: '귀사의 향후 5년 사업 계획은 무엇 ____?' '저희는 지속 가능한 성장을 위한 혁신적인 전략을 추구합니다.'
격식 있는 의문형 종결 어미로 '입니까'가 가장 적절합니다. '이니'는 반말 평서형 연결 어미, '일까'는 비격식 의문형, '인지'는 불확실성을 나타내거나 간접 의문문에 사용됩니다.
Which of the following sentences demonstrates a nuanced understanding of social hierarchy in a professional Korean setting, specifically regarding the appropriate use of honorifics and formal speech endings when addressing a superior in a situation requiring a subtle request for clarification?
The sentence '부장님, 그 보고서는 언제까지 제출해야 합니까?' correctly uses the honorific ~시- (implied in 부장님 and the formal ending) and the most appropriate formal interrogative ending ~ㅂ니까 to politely inquire about a deadline to a superior, demonstrating a high level of linguistic and cultural competence. The other options are either less formal or less direct in their politeness.
In a formal debate setting, which of the following expressions best conveys a strong, yet respectful, disagreement with an opponent's complex philosophical argument, while maintaining the appropriate level of formality and academic decorum?
The phrase '귀하의 주장은 타당성이 부족하다고 생각됩니다.' uses '귀하' (a formal and respectful 'you'), '주장' (argument), and '타당성' (validity), combined with the formal declarative ending ~습니다 and the passive-like '생각됩니다' (is thought/considered), to convey a well-reasoned and respectful disagreement suitable for a formal academic debate. The other options are either too direct, less formal, or less nuanced in their academic tone.
When presenting a highly technical scientific research finding to a panel of esteemed international scholars, which of the following concluding remarks most effectively summarizes a significant discovery while adhering to the utmost standards of academic formality and humility?
'결론적으로, 본 연구는 새로운 패러다임을 제시합니다.' uses '결론적으로' (in conclusion), '본 연구' (this research), and '제시합니다' (presents), employing formal vocabulary and the ~ㅂ니다 ending to present a significant finding with appropriate academic gravitas and a sense of contribution, rather than personal claim. The other options might be slightly less formal or less impactful in a C2 scientific presentation.
The use of ~ㅂ니다/습니다 in a personal letter to a close friend would typically indicate a deliberate attempt to create a formal distance or an ironic tone, rather than genuine politeness.
In casual, personal communication with close friends, using ~ㅂ니다/습니다 is highly unusual and would indeed create a sense of distance or an ironic, overly formal tone, as informal speech (e.g., ~아/어요 or plain form) is expected.
A news anchor reporting on a tragic event would appropriately use ~ㅂ니다/습니다 to convey the gravity and seriousness of the situation, even if their personal feelings are deeply affected.
News reporting, especially concerning serious events, requires a high level of formality and objectivity. The ~ㅂ니다/습니다 ending is essential for maintaining this professional tone and conveying the gravity of the situation to a broad, often unfamiliar, audience.
In a highly hierarchical corporate meeting in Korea, a junior employee should exclusively use ~ㅂ니다/습니다 when addressing all superiors, regardless of the topic's sensitivity or their personal relationship with the senior staff.
In highly hierarchical Korean corporate settings, especially in formal meetings, the use of ~ㅂ니다/습니다 when addressing superiors is a fundamental aspect of demonstrating respect and maintaining appropriate professional etiquette, irrespective of personal relationships or topic sensitivity. Deviating from this can be seen as disrespectful.
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When to use ~ㅂ니다/습니다
This ending is used in formal and polite situations. Think news broadcasts, presentations, or speaking to someone significantly older or in a higher position. It's also common in written materials like official documents.
Choosing between ~ㅂ니다 and ~습니다
If the verb stem ends in a vowel, you add ~ㅂ니다. For example, 가다 (to go) becomes 갑니다. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, you add ~습니다. For example, 먹다 (to eat) becomes 먹습니다.
Declarative sentences with ~ㅂ니다/습니다
To make a statement, simply attach the correct ending to the verb stem. For example, '저는 학생입니다.' (I am a student.).
Interrogative sentences with ~ㅂ니까/습니까
To ask a question, change the ending slightly to ~ㅂ니까/습니까. For example, '점심 드셨습니까?' (Did you eat lunch?). The sound changes to 'kka' at the end.
Beispiel
저는 학생입니다.
Verwandte Inhalte
Mehr food Wörter
몇 개
A2How many items?
~정도
A1Suffix meaning "about" or "approximately."
추가
A2Addition, extra (e.g., extra order).
~은/는 후에
A2After ~ing; indicates an action that occurs subsequent to another.
중에서
A2Among, out of (selection).
식욕
A2Appetite.
에피타이저
A2An appetizer.
전채
A2Appetizer.
먹음직스럽다
B2To look appetizing, delicious.
사과
A1apple
