폐해 in 30 Sekunden
- Harmful or negative consequences of a system or phenomenon.
- Focuses on detrimental outcomes and damages.
- Used for social, economic, or environmental issues.
- Implies significant and often systemic problems.
- Core Meaning
- The word '폐해' (paehae) refers to the negative, damaging, or harmful consequences that arise from a particular system, practice, phenomenon, or even a habit. It's about the detrimental side effects or the damage caused.
- Usage Context
- You'll often hear '폐해' used in discussions about social issues, economic problems, environmental concerns, technological advancements, or even personal habits. It's a word that highlights the downsides or the negative impacts that need to be addressed or understood. It's commonly used in news articles, academic papers, and serious discussions about societal problems.
- Nuance
- '폐해' implies a significant and often systemic form of harm. It's not just a minor inconvenience; it suggests a more serious, pervasive, and damaging outcome. Think of it as the 'harms' or 'detriments' that a system or phenomenon brings about.
The rapid development of social media has led to new 폐해 such as cyberbullying and addiction.
We must understand the 폐해 of unchecked industrialization on the environment.
The government is trying to mitigate the 폐해 caused by the economic recession.
- Related Concepts
- '폐해' is closely related to concepts like '부작용' (side effects, often for medicine or policies), '문제점' (problems), and '결함' (flaws or defects). However, '폐해' usually implies a more significant and widespread negative impact than '부작용' or '문제점'.
- Structure 1: [Noun]의 폐해 ([Noun]ui paehae)
- This is the most common structure, where '의' (ui) indicates possession or association. It means 'the harmful effects of [Noun]'.
과도한 스마트폰 사용의 폐해는 심각하다.
The harmful effects of excessive smartphone use are serious.
- Structure 2: 폐해를 겪다/느끼다/알다 (paehaereul gyeokda/neukkida/alda)
- Here, '폐해' acts as the object of verbs like 'to experience', 'to feel', or 'to know'.
많은 사람들이 급격한 기후 변화의 폐해를 겪고 있다.
Many people are experiencing the harmful effects of rapid climate change.
- Structure 3: 폐해를 줄이다/막다 (paehaereul jurida/makda)
- This structure involves actions to reduce or prevent the negative effects.
정부는 이 정책의 폐해를 줄이기 위한 방안을 모색하고 있다.
The government is seeking ways to reduce the harmful effects of this policy.
- Example Sentences Breakdown
- 1. '과도한 스마트폰 사용의 폐해는 심각하다.' (The harmful effects of excessive smartphone use are serious.) - Here, '과도한 스마트폰 사용' (excessive smartphone use) is the cause, and '폐해' refers to the resulting problems like eye strain, sleep disruption, and social isolation.
2. '많은 사람들이 급격한 기후 변화의 폐해를 겪고 있다.' (Many people are experiencing the harmful effects of rapid climate change.) - '급격한 기후 변화' (rapid climate change) is the phenomenon, and '폐해' encompasses things like natural disasters, food shortages, and displacement.
3. '정부는 이 정책의 폐해를 줄이기 위한 방안을 모색하고 있다.' (The government is seeking ways to reduce the harmful effects of this policy.) - '이 정책' (this policy) is the subject, and the government is trying to mitigate its negative consequences.
- News Reports and Current Affairs
- News anchors and reporters frequently use '폐해' when discussing the negative impacts of government policies, economic trends, social phenomena, or environmental issues. For example, they might report on the '폐해' of pollution on public health, the '폐해' of unemployment on society, or the '폐해' of misinformation spreading online.
Today's news is discussing the 폐해 of fast fashion on the environment.
- Academic and Research Papers
- In academic settings, '폐해' is used to analyze and critique the negative consequences of various subjects of study. A sociology paper might examine the '폐해' of social inequality, a psychology paper could discuss the '폐해' of addiction, and an economics paper might detail the '폐해' of unchecked market monopolies.
The research paper highlighted the potential 폐해 of artificial intelligence in job displacement.
- Public Debates and Discussions
- When people debate controversial topics, '폐해' is often brought up to emphasize the negative aspects. For instance, in a debate about a new construction project, opponents might voice concerns about the '폐해' to the local ecosystem or the '폐해' of increased traffic congestion. Similarly, discussions about technological adoption often involve debates about its '폐해'.
During the town hall meeting, residents spoke about the 폐해 of the proposed factory.
- Discussions about Health and Well-being
- In health-related contexts, '폐해' can refer to the detrimental effects of certain lifestyle choices, environmental factors, or even medical treatments. Doctors might warn patients about the '폐해' of smoking, or public health campaigns might highlight the '폐해' of unhealthy diets.
- Mistake 1: Using '폐해' for minor inconveniences
- '폐해' implies significant and often systemic harm. Using it for trivial issues can sound overly dramatic or inappropriate. For instance, saying 'the 폐해 of a slightly delayed bus' would be incorrect. Better alternatives would be '불편' (inconvenience) or '문제' (problem).
Incorrect: 오늘 날씨의 폐해로 인해 기분이 안 좋다. (Due to the harms of today's weather, I feel bad.)
Correct: 오늘 날씨가 안 좋아서 기분이 안 좋다. (The weather is bad today, so I feel bad.) or 오늘 날씨 때문에 불편하다. (I am uncomfortable due to the weather.)
- Mistake 2: Confusing '폐해' with '부작용' (side effects)
- While both refer to negative outcomes, '부작용' is often used for unintended consequences of medication, policies, or specific actions that are not necessarily widespread or systemic. '폐해' suggests a broader, more inherent negative impact of a system or phenomenon itself. For example, a medicine's '부작용' (side effect) might be drowsiness, but the '폐해' of widespread drug abuse in society is a much larger issue.
Incorrect: 이 약의 폐해는 졸음입니다. (The harms of this medicine are drowsiness.)
Correct: 이 약의 부작용은 졸음입니다. (The side effect of this medicine is drowsiness.)
- Mistake 3: Omitting the possessive particle '의' (ui) inappropriately
- In the common structure '[Noun]의 폐해', forgetting or omitting '의' can make the sentence grammatically incorrect or unclear. While sometimes in very informal speech or certain compound nouns it might be implied, for standard usage, '의' is crucial to link the cause to its harmful effects.
Incorrect: 환경 오염 폐해가 심각하다. (Environmental pollution harms are serious.)
Correct: 환경 오염의 폐해가 심각하다. (The harms of environmental pollution are serious.)
- Similar Word: 문제점 (munjejjeom)
- Meaning: Problem, issue, drawback.
- Comparison: '문제점' is a more general term for any problem or issue. '폐해' is more specific, referring to the negative *effects* or *harms* that result from something, often implying a more serious or systemic nature than a simple '문제점'. You can have '문제점' of a plan, but the '폐해' would be the actual negative consequences experienced.
- Example: 이 시스템의 문제점은 속도가 느리다는 것이다. (The problem with this system is that it is slow.) vs. 이 시스템의 폐해는 사용자들의 불만 증가이다. (The harms of this system are the increase in user complaints.)
- Similar Word: 부작용 (bujakyong)
- Meaning: Side effect, adverse effect.
- Comparison: '부작용' is typically used for unintended negative consequences of medications, treatments, or specific policies. It's often more localized or specific to the immediate action. '폐해' refers to broader, more systemic, or inherent negative impacts of a phenomenon, system, or practice.
- Example: 이 약의 부작용은 두통입니다. (The side effect of this medicine is headache.) vs. 과도한 개발의 폐해는 환경 파괴이다. (The harms of excessive development are environmental destruction.)
- Similar Word: 해악 (haeak)
- Meaning: Harm, evil, damage (often more abstract or moral).
- Comparison: '해악' is a more general term for harm or damage, often used in a broader ethical or societal context. '폐해' specifically refers to the negative consequences that *result from* a particular system, phenomenon, or practice. You might talk about the '해악' of crime in general, but the '폐해' would be the specific negative impacts of poverty or lack of education that contribute to crime.
- Example: 흡연은 건강에 큰 해악을 끼친다. (Smoking causes great harm to health.) vs. 공장 폐수 배출의 폐해는 강을 오염시키는 것이다. (The harmful effects of factory wastewater discharge are polluting the river.)
- Alternative Phrase: 부정적인 결과 (bujeongjeogin gyeolgwa)
- Meaning: Negative result/outcome.
- Comparison: This is a more direct and less nuanced way to say 'negative results'. '폐해' carries a stronger implication of damage, detriment, and often a systemic or inherent flaw.
- Example: 이 정책의 부정적인 결과는 예상보다 심각했다. (The negative results of this policy were more serious than expected.) vs. 이 정책의 폐해는 사회적 불평등 심화였다. (The harmful effects of this policy were the deepening of social inequality.)
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
The character 弊 (bye) itself can be seen as a combination of 'cloth' (巾) and 'hand' (廾) with 'not' (弗) underneath, suggesting something that is 'not properly handled' or 'faulty', leading to negative outcomes. The character 害 (hae) depicts a 'knife' (刂) cutting through 'grain' (禾), symbolizing destruction or damage.
Aussprachehilfe
- Pronouncing '폐' and '해' too similarly to English words without considering the Korean vowel sounds.
- Adding an unnecessary diphthong or glide not present in the Korean vowels.
- Incorrectly stressing one syllable over the other.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
At a B1 level, learners should be able to understand '폐해' when it appears in news articles, general discussions, or simplified academic texts. The complexity of the contexts in which it's used might require some effort to fully grasp the nuances, especially when discussing abstract or systemic issues.
B1 learners can start to incorporate '폐해' into their writing, particularly when discussing social issues, drawbacks of systems, or negative consequences. However, achieving natural and precise usage might require practice and attention to context, as it's a word associated with more formal or analytical writing.
While B1 learners can understand '폐해' in spoken context, actively using it spontaneously and accurately in conversation might be challenging. It's more likely to appear in prepared speeches or formal discussions rather than casual chats. Pronunciation and correct contextual application are key.
Listening comprehension for '폐해' at the B1 level depends on the clarity and speed of the speaker and the complexity of the topic. In news reports or documentaries, it should be understandable, but in rapid, nuanced conversations, it might require careful attention.
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Voraussetzungen
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Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Using the possessive particle '의' (ui) to link a noun to '폐해'.
과도한 경쟁의 폐해는 정신 건강에 해롭다. (The harmful effects of excessive competition are detrimental to mental health.)
Using verbs like '야기하다', '초래하다', '가져오다' to indicate that something causes '폐해'.
무분별한 개발이 환경에 폐해를 야기했다. (Reckless development caused harmful effects to the environment.)
Using verbs like '줄이다', '막다', '해결하다' to talk about addressing '폐해'.
정부는 이 문제의 폐해를 줄이기 위해 노력하고 있다. (The government is making efforts to reduce the harmful effects of this problem.)
Using adjectives like '심각한', '치명적인' to describe the severity of '폐해'.
그의 행동은 심각한 폐해를 초래했다. (His actions resulted in serious harmful effects.)
Using nouns like '논의', '분석', '인식' in relation to '폐해'.
이 현상의 폐해에 대한 논의가 필요하다. (Discussion about the harmful effects of this phenomenon is needed.)
Beispiele nach Niveau
과도한 인터넷 사용의 폐해에 대해 이야기해 봅시다.
Let's talk about the harmful effects of excessive internet use.
The particle '의' (ui) connects 'excessive internet use' to 'harmful effects'.
이 오래된 시스템은 많은 폐해를 가지고 있습니다.
This old system has many harmful effects.
'폐해' is used as a plural concept here, indicating multiple negative consequences.
우리는 환경 오염의 폐해를 줄여야 합니다.
We need to reduce the harmful effects of environmental pollution.
'줄이다' (to reduce) is often used with '폐해'.
이 정책은 좋은 점도 있지만, 폐해도 있습니다.
This policy has good points, but it also has harmful effects.
Juxtaposing positive and negative aspects is common when discussing policies.
그의 습관이 가족들에게 폐해를 끼치고 있다.
His habits are causing harm to his family.
'끼치다' (to cause) is often used with '폐해'.
새로운 기술의 폐해를 미리 파악하는 것이 중요하다.
It is important to understand the harmful effects of new technology in advance.
'파악하다' (to grasp, understand) is used to analyze the negative consequences.
경제 성장만 추구하면 사회적 폐해가 발생할 수 있다.
If we only pursue economic growth, social harms can occur.
'발생하다' (to occur) is a common verb with '폐해'.
이 문제의 폐해를 해결하기 위한 노력이 필요하다.
Efforts are needed to solve the harmful effects of this problem.
'해결하다' (to solve) is often used in conjunction with addressing '폐해'.
급격한 도시화는 주거 문제와 같은 심각한 사회적 폐해를 야기할 수 있다.
Rapid urbanization can cause serious social harms such as housing problems.
'야기하다' (to cause, bring about) is a more formal verb often used with '폐해'.
디지털 격차는 교육 기회의 불평등이라는 폐해를 심화시킨다.
The digital divide deepens the harm of unequal educational opportunities.
'심화시키다' (to deepen) is used to emphasize the worsening of negative effects.
무분별한 개발은 생태계 파괴라는 돌이킬 수 없는 폐해를 초래한다.
Reckless development leads to irreversible harms of ecosystem destruction.
'초래하다' (to bring about, cause) is a formal verb often paired with '폐해'.
정보 과부하의 폐해를 최소화하기 위한 전략이 필요하다.
Strategies are needed to minimize the harmful effects of information overload.
'최소화하다' (to minimize) is used when discussing mitigating negative impacts.
그의 정치적 행보는 당에 많은 폐해를 안겨주었다.
His political moves brought many harms to the party.
'안겨주다' (to give, bestow - often used metaphorically for negative things) is used here.
전통 문화의 폐해를 비판하는 시각도 존재한다.
There are also perspectives that criticize the harmful effects of traditional culture.
'비판하다' (to criticize) is used when discussing negative aspects.
세계화의 폐해 중 하나는 문화적 동질화이다.
One of the harmful effects of globalization is cultural homogenization.
Listing specific '폐해' is common.
기술 발전의 폐해를 간과해서는 안 된다.
We must not overlook the harmful effects of technological advancement.
'간과하다' (to overlook) is used when warning against ignoring negative aspects.
자동화 시스템 도입은 생산성 향상이라는 긍정적 측면과 더불어 일자리 감소라는 폐해를 동시에 수반한다.
The introduction of automated systems accompanies positive aspects like increased productivity and simultaneous harms such as job reduction.
'수반하다' (to accompany, involve) indicates that harms occur alongside benefits.
과도한 소비주의는 물질 만능주의를 조장하고 인간 소외라는 심각한 사회적 폐해를 낳는다.
Excessive consumerism promotes materialism and gives rise to serious social harms of human alienation.
'낳다' (to give birth to, produce) is used to indicate the generation of negative outcomes.
미디어의 선정성과 폭력성 문제는 청소년의 정서 발달에 부정적인 폐해를 야기할 수 있다.
The issues of sensationalism and violence in the media can cause negative harms to the emotional development of adolescents.
'정서 발달' (emotional development) is a specific area affected by media harms.
산업 폐기물의 무단 방류는 수질 오염뿐만 아니라 토양 오염이라는 치명적인 폐해를 초래한다.
The illegal discharge of industrial waste causes not only water pollution but also fatal harms of soil contamination.
'치명적인' (fatal, deadly) emphasizes the severity of the harms.
인공지능 기술의 발전은 효율성 증대라는 이점을 제공하지만, 동시에 알고리즘 편향성이라는 폐해를 내포하고 있다.
The development of AI technology offers the advantage of increased efficiency, but at the same time, it harbors harms of algorithmic bias.
'내포하다' (to contain, harbor) suggests that harms are inherent within the technology.
소셜 미디어의 과도한 사용은 현실 도피 심리를 부추기고 사회적 관계망 약화라는 폐해를 가져올 수 있다.
Excessive use of social media can foster escapism and bring about harms of weakened social networks.
'가져오다' (to bring) is used to indicate the consequence.
기후 변화로 인한 해수면 상승은 연안 지역의 침수와 같은 심각한 폐해를 유발한다.
Sea-level rise due to climate change causes serious harms such as inundation of coastal areas.
'유발하다' (to induce, trigger) is used to describe the cause-and-effect relationship.
과도한 경쟁 사회는 개인의 정신 건강에 심각한 폐해를 초래하며, 이는 사회 전체의 활력을 저하시킨다.
An overly competitive society causes serious harms to individual mental health, which decreases the vitality of society as a whole.
Connecting individual and societal harms is a common analytical approach.
탈산업화 시대의 도래는 전통적인 산업 구조의 폐해와 새로운 경제 모델의 모색이라는 양면성을 내포한다.
The advent of the post-industrial era implies the duality of the harms of traditional industrial structures and the search for new economic models.
'양면성' (duality) is a concept often discussed alongside '폐해'.
글로벌 공급망의 취약성은 지정학적 갈등 발생 시 심각한 경제적 폐해를 증폭시키는 요인으로 작용한다.
The vulnerability of global supply chains acts as a factor that amplifies serious economic harms when geopolitical conflicts arise.
'증폭시키다' (to amplify) highlights how existing vulnerabilities lead to greater harms.
디지털 기술의 보편화는 정보 접근성을 높이는 긍정적 효과와 더불어, 개인 정보 유출 및 사생활 침해라는 심각한 폐해를 동반한다.
The universalization of digital technology, along with the positive effect of increasing information accessibility, is accompanied by serious harms of personal information leakage and privacy invasion.
Listing specific types of harms like '개인 정보 유출' (personal information leakage) adds detail.
인간의 무분별한 환경 개발은 생물 다양성 감소, 기후 변화 가속화 등 회복 불가능한 폐해를 초래하며, 이는 인류 생존 자체를 위협한다.
Reckless human environmental development causes irreversible harms such as the decrease in biodiversity and acceleration of climate change, which threatens human survival itself.
'회복 불가능한' (irreversible) emphasizes the long-term and severe nature of the harms.
사회적 약자에 대한 구조적 차별은 그들의 삶의 질을 저하시키고 사회 통합을 저해하는 폐해를 지속시킨다.
Structural discrimination against the socially vulnerable perpetuates harms that degrade their quality of life and hinder social integration.
'사회적 약자' (socially vulnerable) is a key term when discussing societal harms.
극단주의 이념의 확산은 사회적 분열을 심화시키고 공동체의 가치를 훼손하는 폐해를 낳는다.
The spread of extremist ideologies deepens social division and gives rise to harms that damage the values of the community.
'공동체의 가치' (values of the community) is often eroded by such harms.
인공지능의 비윤리적 활용은 감시 사회를 강화하고 인간의 자율성을 침해하는 폐해를 초래할 수 있다.
The unethical use of artificial intelligence can lead to harms that strengthen surveillance societies and infringe upon human autonomy.
'자율성' (autonomy) is a key concept related to human rights and freedoms.
정보통신 기술의 발달이 가져온 편리함 이면에는 사이버 범죄 증가, 디지털 중독 심화 등 심각한 폐해가 잠복해 있다.
Behind the convenience brought by the development of ICT lies latent serious harms such as increased cybercrime and deepening digital addiction.
'잠복해 있다' (to be latent, hidden) suggests that harms are not always obvious.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— To experience harmful effects.
많은 사람들이 기후 변화의 폐해를 겪고 있다. (Many people are experiencing the harmful effects of climate change.)
— To reduce harmful effects.
우리는 환경 오염의 폐해를 줄이기 위한 노력을 해야 한다. (We must make efforts to reduce the harmful effects of environmental pollution.)
— To cause harmful effects.
이 정책은 예상치 못한 폐해를 야기했다. (This policy caused unexpected harmful effects.)
— To prevent harmful effects.
정부는 이 문제의 폐해를 막기 위해 최선을 다하고 있다. (The government is doing its best to prevent the harmful effects of this problem.)
— To analyze harmful effects.
연구자들은 이 현상의 폐해를 심층적으로 분석했다. (Researchers deeply analyzed the harmful effects of this phenomenon.)
— Awareness of harmful effects.
사람들은 소셜 미디어의 폐해에 대한 인식을 높여야 한다. (People need to raise awareness of the harmful effects of social media.)
— To overlook harmful effects.
우리는 기술 발전의 폐해를 간과해서는 안 된다. (We must not overlook the harmful effects of technological advancement.)
— To bring about harmful effects.
무분별한 개발은 돌이킬 수 없는 폐해를 초래한다. (Reckless development brings about irreversible harmful effects.)
— To point out harmful effects.
전문가들은 이 법안의 폐해를 정확히 지적했다. (Experts accurately pointed out the harmful effects of this bill.)
— Harmful effects are serious.
과도한 스트레스는 정신 건강에 폐해가 심각하다. (Excessive stress has serious harmful effects on mental health.)
Wird oft verwechselt mit
'문제점' is a general term for a problem or drawback. '폐해' specifically refers to the harmful effects or damage resulting from a system or phenomenon, implying a more severe and systemic issue than a simple '문제점'.
'부작용' usually refers to side effects of medication or specific actions. '폐해' is broader and refers to the inherent negative consequences of a system or phenomenon.
'해악' is a more general term for harm or evil. '폐해' is more specific, denoting the negative effects that *result from* a particular cause.
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— To sow the seeds of disaster/trouble. This idiom refers to initiating a situation that will lead to serious negative consequences, similar to how a system or practice can lead to '폐해'.
그의 잘못된 결정은 결국 큰 화근을 뿌렸다.
Informal/Figurative— To become poison; to be detrimental. This idiom describes something that causes harm or damage, akin to the negative effects of '폐해'.
지나친 집착은 오히려 관계에 독이 된다.
Figurative— To skim the surface; to deal with something superficially. While not directly meaning 'harmful effects', this idiom describes a shallow approach which can lead to unforeseen negative consequences or '폐해' because the root problems aren't addressed.
문제의 근본적인 수박 겉 핥기 식 해결은 또 다른 문제를 야기할 수 있다.
Figurative/Informal— To add fuel to the fire. This idiom describes actions that worsen an already bad situation, which can be seen as contributing to or exacerbating the '폐해' of a system or phenomenon.
그의 비난은 이미 안 좋은 상황에 불난 집에 부채질하는 격이었다.
Figurative/Informal— Spilt milk; a done deal (that cannot be undone). This idiom refers to a situation that has already occurred and cannot be changed, often with negative implications. The '폐해' of a past decision might be described as '엎질러진 물'.
이미 일어난 엎질러진 물을 되돌릴 수는 없다.
Figurative— To spit on one's own pillow; to harm oneself. This idiom describes actions that are self-destructive, the negative consequences of which can be considered a form of '폐해' against oneself.
자신의 명예를 실추시키는 행동은 누워서 침 뱉기와 같다.
Figurative/Informal— To accept what is sweet and reject what is bitter; to be opportunistic. This describes a self-serving attitude that might lead to situations where others suffer the '폐해' while the person benefits.
그는 달면 삼키고 쓰면 뱉는 태도로 많은 사람들에게 피해를 주었다.
Figurative— A cake in a picture; something desirable but unattainable. While not directly about harm, this idiom describes a frustrating situation where something good is out of reach, which can lead to negative feelings or '폐해' of disappointment.
높은 집값은 젊은이들에게 그림의 떡일 뿐이다.
Figurative— Even when crossing a stone bridge, tap it first; be cautious. This proverb advises carefulness to avoid potential dangers or negative outcomes, which aligns with understanding and mitigating '폐해'.
중요한 결정을 내릴 때는 돌다리도 두드려 보고 건너는 심정으로 신중해야 한다.
Proverbial— To uproot; to eradicate. This idiom refers to completely removing a problem or negative element, such as the '폐해' of something.
사회악의 뿌리를 뽑기 위한 노력이 필요하다.
FigurativeLeicht verwechselbar
Both refer to negative aspects of something.
'문제점' is a general problem or drawback. '폐해' is the specific, often widespread and harmful, consequences or damages that arise from a system, practice, or phenomenon. You might identify a '문제점' in a system, but the '폐해' would be the actual negative impact it has.
이 정책<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>문제점</mark>은 복잡하다. (The problems of this policy are complex.) vs. 이 정책<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>는 사회적 불평등 심화이다. (The harmful effects of this policy are the deepening of social inequality.)
Both refer to negative outcomes.
'부작용' (side effect) typically refers to unintended consequences of a specific action, like taking medicine or implementing a particular rule. '폐해' refers to the more inherent, systemic, or widespread negative effects of a phenomenon, system, or practice itself.
이 약<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>부작용</mark>은 졸음이다. (The side effect of this medicine is drowsiness.) vs. 과도한 인터넷 사용<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>는 학업 성취도 저하다. (The harmful effects of excessive internet use are the decline in academic achievement.)
Both relate to harm.
'해악' is a more general term for harm, evil, or damage, often used in an abstract or moral sense. '폐해' specifically denotes the negative consequences that *result from* a particular cause, such as a system, practice, or phenomenon. '폐해' is more about the outcome of a specific factor.
흡연<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>은</mark> 건강<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>에</mark> 큰 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>해악</mark>을 끼친다. (Smoking causes great harm to health.) vs. 공장 폐수 배출<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>는 강을 오염시키는 것이다. (The harmful effects of factory wastewater discharge are polluting the river.)
Both refer to negative influences or effects.
'악영향' means 'negative influence' or 'adverse effect', which is quite similar. However, '폐해' often implies a more significant, systemic, or inherent damage that is a direct consequence of a system or phenomenon, whereas '악영향' can be a more general negative impact.
부정적인 생각<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>은</mark> 정신 건강<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>에</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>악영향</mark>을 준다. (Negative thoughts have an adverse effect on mental health.) vs. 과도한 개발<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>는 생태계 파괴이다. (The harmful effects of excessive development are ecosystem destruction.)
Both relate to negative outcomes and damage.
'폐해' refers to the harmful effects or damages that *result from* a cause (a system, phenomenon, etc.). '피해' refers to the actual damage, loss, or injury that is suffered as a consequence of those harmful effects. '폐해' is the cause of '피해'.
그 사건<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>으로</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>인한</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>는 컸다. (The harmful effects caused by that incident were great.) vs. 그 사건<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>으로</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>많은</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>사람들</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>큰</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피해</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>입었다</mark>. (Many people suffered great damage due to that incident.)
Satzmuster
[Noun]의 폐해는 심각하다.
과도한 스마트폰 사용<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>는 심각하다.
[Noun]가 폐해를 야기하다.
이 정책<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>야기했다</mark>.
[Noun]의 폐해를 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요하다.
환경 오염<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>줄이기</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>위한</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>노력</mark>이 필요하다.
[Noun]는 ~라는 폐해를 초래한다.
디지털 격차<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>는</mark> 교육 기회 불평등<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이라</mark>는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>초래한다</mark>.
[Noun]는 ~라는 심각한 폐해를 내포하고 있다.
자동화 시스템<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>은</mark> 일자리 감소<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이라</mark>는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>심각한</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>내포하고</mark> 있다.
[Noun]는 ~라는 부정적인 폐해를 수반한다.
글로벌 공급망<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> 취약성<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>은</mark> 경제적 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>수반한다</mark>.
[Noun]의 폐해는 ~라는 점에서 간과할 수 없다.
인공지능<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>는</mark> 인간의 자율성 침해<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>라</mark>는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>점</mark>에서 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>간과할</mark> 수 없다.
[Noun]로 인한 폐해는 ~까지 이른다.
기후 변화<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>로</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>인한</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark><mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>는</mark> 해수면 상승<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>과</mark> 같은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>식량</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>부족</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>까지</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>이른다</mark>.
Wortfamilie
Substantive
Verben
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
Medium to High in contexts discussing societal problems, policy analysis, and negative impacts.
-
Using '폐해' for minor problems.
→
Using '문제점' (problem) or '불편' (inconvenience) for minor issues.
'폐해' implies significant, often systemic, harmful effects. Using it for trivial matters sounds overly dramatic and incorrect. For example, 'The <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark> of a slightly late bus' is wrong; '불편' is appropriate.
-
Confusing '폐해' with '부작용'.
→
Using '부작용' for specific side effects (e.g., of medication) and '폐해' for broader, systemic harms.
'부작용' typically refers to unintended consequences of specific actions like taking medicine. '폐해' refers to the inherent, often widespread, negative impacts of a system or phenomenon itself. A medicine has '부작용', while widespread drug abuse has '폐해'.
-
Omitting the possessive particle '의' when it's needed.
→
Always including '의' when linking a noun to '폐해' in the structure '[Noun]의 폐해'.
The particle '의' is crucial for grammatically connecting the cause to its harmful effects. Forgetting it makes the sentence awkward or incorrect. For example, '환경 오염<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>' is correct, while '환경 오염 폐해' is not standard.
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Using '폐해' to mean general 'harm' or 'damage' without a clear cause.
→
Using '해악' (harm) or '피해' (damage/loss) when referring to harm in a more general sense, or clearly specifying the cause when using '폐해'.
'폐해' specifically refers to the negative effects *resulting from* a particular system, phenomenon, or practice. It needs a clear antecedent. '해악' is a more general term for harm, and '피해' refers to the damage suffered.
-
Using '폐해' for positive outcomes.
→
Never using '폐해' for positive outcomes; it exclusively refers to negative effects.
'폐해' inherently means harmful or negative consequences. Using it for positive effects would be a fundamental misunderstanding of the word's meaning. Always ensure the context is about damage or detriment.
Tipps
Visual Association
Imagine a complex, well-built machine that is emitting dark, harmful smoke. The machine represents a system or phenomenon, and the smoke represents its '폐해' – the damaging effects it produces.
Possessive Particle '의'
The most common structure is '[Noun]의 폐해'. Make sure to correctly use the possessive particle '의' (ui) to link the cause to its harmful effects. For example, '기술 발전의 폐해' (the harmful effects of technological advancement).
Distinguish from Similar Words
Differentiate '폐해' from '문제점' (problem), '부작용' (side effect), and '해악' (harm). '폐해' focuses on the damaging outcomes of a system or phenomenon, often implying a broader and more inherent negative impact.
Active Recall
Try to create your own sentences using '폐해' about current events or topics you're interested in. Discussing these potential '폐해' aloud or writing them down will solidify your understanding and usage.
News and Formal Discourse
You'll frequently encounter '폐해' in news articles, academic papers, and formal discussions about societal issues. Paying attention to these contexts will help you understand its nuances and appropriate usage.
Verbs with '폐해'
Common verbs used with '폐해' include '야기하다' (to cause), '초래하다' (to bring about), '줄이다' (to reduce), '막다' (to prevent), and '분석하다' (to analyze). Learning these collocations will enhance your fluency.
Sound Association
Associate '폐해' with 'pay' and 'haze'. The 'pay' or cost of progress often comes with a 'haze' of negative consequences.
Analyze Downsides
When you learn about a new system, policy, or phenomenon, try to think about its potential '폐해'. This active analysis will help you internalize the meaning and usage of the word.
Societal Focus
Korean culture often emphasizes collective well-being. '폐해' fits this by allowing for detailed analysis of how things impact society as a whole, making it a prevalent term in public discourse.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Think of '폐' (pae) sounding like 'pay' and '해' (hae) sounding like 'haze'. So, the 'pay' for progress or a system often comes with a 'haze' of negative effects, obscuring the good and causing harm. Or, imagine '폐' like 'decay' and '해' like 'ache' - the decay of a system causes an ache.
Visuelle Assoziation
Imagine a beautiful, intricate machine (representing a system or phenomenon) that is working, but dark, wispy smoke (the 'haze' or 'decay') is coming out of it, causing damage to the surrounding environment or people.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to think of three different systems or phenomena you know (e.g., social media, fast fashion, a specific government policy) and brainstorm potential '폐해' for each. Write them down in Korean sentences using '폐해'.
Wortherkunft
The word '폐해' is a Sino-Korean word, meaning it's derived from Chinese characters. The characters are 弊 (bye) meaning 'defect', 'flaw', 'evil', 'harm', and 害 (hae) meaning 'harm', 'injury', 'damage'. Together, they literally mean 'harmful flaws' or 'damaging harms'.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The original Chinese characters 弊 and 害 combine to signify 'harmful defects' or 'damaging evils'.
Sino-Korean (derived from Hanja, Chinese characters)Kultureller Kontext
When using '폐해', it's important to do so in contexts where significant negative impacts are genuinely being discussed. Using it for minor issues can sound overly dramatic. It's a term that carries weight and implies a serious problem that needs attention or consideration.
In English, we might use terms like 'negative consequences', 'detrimental effects', 'downsides', 'harms', or 'adverse impacts' depending on the context. 'Harmful effects' is a good direct translation.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Discussions about technology and its impact.
- 스마트폰의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>
- 인터넷 중독의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>
- AI의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>를 줄이다
Debates on social issues and policies.
- 정책의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>
- 사회적 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>를 분석하다
- 빈부 격차의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>
Environmental concerns and sustainability.
- 환경 오염의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>
- 기후 변화의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>를 막다
- 무분별한 개발의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>
Discussions about health and lifestyle.
- 흡연의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>
- 과도한 스트레스의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>
- 건강상의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>를 줄이다
Economic analysis and trends.
- 경제 위기의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>
- 금융 시장의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>
- 경제적 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>폐해</mark>를 완화하다
Gesprächseinstiege
"What are some of the negative effects, or '폐해', of social media on young people today?"
"Can you think of a historical event or policy that had significant '폐해' that we can learn from?"
"When we talk about economic growth, what are some of the potential '폐해' that might arise?"
"How can we better understand and address the '폐해' caused by environmental pollution?"
"What are some of the '폐해' associated with rapid technological advancements in our society?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Reflect on a personal habit that might have negative consequences ('폐해'). How does it affect you and others, and what steps can you take to mitigate these effects?
Consider a societal issue you are concerned about. Identify the system or phenomenon causing it and brainstorm its potential '폐해'.
Write about a time you experienced or observed the '폐해' of a particular system or rule. What happened, and what was the outcome?
Imagine you are advising a government on a new policy. What potential '폐해' should they be aware of and plan to address?
Think about the balance between progress and its potential negative impacts ('폐해'). Where do you see this tension most clearly in the world today?
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 Fragen'폐해' is composed of two Hanja characters: 弊 (bye), meaning 'defect', 'flaw', or 'harm', and 害 (hae), meaning 'harm', 'injury', or 'damage'. So, literally, it translates to 'harmful flaws' or 'damaging harms'.
Yes, '폐해' exclusively refers to harmful, negative, or detrimental effects. It is always used in a negative context to describe the downsides or damages caused by something.
While '폐해' is very commonly used for societal, economic, or environmental issues, it can also be used for personal habits or systems if they have significant negative consequences. For instance, '과도한 스마트폰 사용의 폐해' (the harmful effects of excessive smartphone use) is a common usage that relates to personal habits but has broader societal implications.
'문제점' is a general term for a problem or drawback. '폐해' is more specific and refers to the actual harmful effects or damage that result from a system, practice, or phenomenon. You might identify a '문제점' in a plan, but the '폐해' would be the negative consequences experienced by people or the environment.
'부작용' (side effect) is typically used for unintended consequences of specific actions, like medication or a particular rule. '폐해' refers to the broader, more inherent, or systemic negative effects of a phenomenon, system, or practice itself. Think of '부작용' as a specific unintended outcome, and '폐해' as the larger negative impact of something.
In Korean, nouns generally don't have distinct plural forms like in English. The context usually indicates whether one is referring to one or multiple harmful effects. If emphasis on plurality is needed, words like '여러' (several) or '다양한' (various) can be used, or the context will make it clear.
'폐해' is generally considered a formal or semi-formal word. It's commonly found in news reports, academic texts, policy discussions, and serious analyses of issues. While understandable in general conversation, it's not typically used in very casual or slang contexts.
The most common way is to use the possessive particle '의' (ui) after the noun that is causing the harm. For example, '환경 오염의 폐해' (the harmful effects of environmental pollution). You can also structure sentences where the cause is the subject and '폐해' is the object, using verbs like '야기하다' (to cause).
Certainly. For example, '스마트폰의 폐해로는 눈의 피로와 수면 부족이 있다.' (The harmful effects of smartphones include eye fatigue and lack of sleep.)
Think of '폐' sounding like 'pay' and '해' sounding like 'haze'. The 'pay' for progress often comes with a 'haze' of negative consequences that obscure the good and cause harm.
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Summary
When discussing the downsides of systems, practices, or phenomena, '폐해' highlights the serious, harmful, or damaging effects that result. It's more than just a 'problem'; it's the negative impact experienced.
- Harmful or negative consequences of a system or phenomenon.
- Focuses on detrimental outcomes and damages.
- Used for social, economic, or environmental issues.
- Implies significant and often systemic problems.
Context is Key
Remember that '폐해' refers to significant, often systemic, negative consequences. Avoid using it for minor inconveniences or simple problems. It implies a level of damage or detriment that warrants serious consideration.
Visual Association
Imagine a complex, well-built machine that is emitting dark, harmful smoke. The machine represents a system or phenomenon, and the smoke represents its '폐해' – the damaging effects it produces.
Possessive Particle '의'
The most common structure is '[Noun]의 폐해'. Make sure to correctly use the possessive particle '의' (ui) to link the cause to its harmful effects. For example, '기술 발전의 폐해' (the harmful effects of technological advancement).
Distinguish from Similar Words
Differentiate '폐해' from '문제점' (problem), '부작용' (side effect), and '해악' (harm). '폐해' focuses on the damaging outcomes of a system or phenomenon, often implying a broader and more inherent negative impact.
Beispiel
지나친 경쟁의 폐해를 막아야 합니다.
