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A2 noun #3,000 am häufigsten 8 Min. Lesezeit

resfriado

At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'resfriado' means 'a cold'. You should be able to say 'Eu estou resfriado' (I have a cold) or 'Estou com resfriado'. It is a basic health word used to explain why you might be sneezing or why you cannot come to a meeting. Focus on the link between 'frio' (cold weather) and 'resfriado' (the illness). Use simple sentences like 'O bebê está resfriado' or 'Eu preciso de um lenço' (I need a tissue).
At the A2 level, you begin to distinguish between 'resfriado' and 'gripe'. You can describe simple symptoms using words like 'espirro' (sneeze) and 'tosse' (cough). You should understand the difference between using it as a noun ('um resfriado') and an adjective ('estou resfriado'). You can also ask for simple medicine at a pharmacy: 'Tem remédio para resfriado?'. You start to use verbs like 'pegar' (to catch) in the past tense: 'Peguei um resfriado ontem'.
At the B1 level, you can talk about the causes and remedies for a 'resfriado'. You can discuss cultural beliefs, such as the idea that 'choque térmico' (sudden temperature change) causes colds. You can give advice to others: 'Você deveria tomar um chá para esse resfriado'. You understand more complex symptoms like 'coriza' (runny nose) and 'congestão nasal' (nasal congestion). You can also use the word in professional contexts to explain a brief absence from work or school with more detail.
At the B2 level, you can engage in discussions about public health and the seasonal nature of the 'resfriado'. You can compare healthcare approaches in different countries regarding minor illnesses. You understand the nuances of the word in different Lusophone regions (e.g., 'constipação' in Portugal). You can use the word metaphorically or in more complex grammatical structures, such as 'Se eu não tivesse pegado esse resfriado, teria ido à festa'. You can also read medical labels and understand dosage instructions for cold medicine.
At the C1 level, you use 'resfriado' with precision and can discuss the physiological aspects of the virus. You are aware of the subtle social implications of being 'resfriado'—when it's acceptable to stay home and when it's seen as a minor inconvenience. You can navigate complex medical conversations and understand the difference between 'resfriado comum' and 'infecções virais' in a technical sense. You can also use the term in literature or high-level journalism to describe the 'chills' or 'coldness' of a situation metaphorically.
At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of the word, including its etymology and its place in the history of Portuguese medicine. You can discuss the evolution of the word from the Latin 're-frixus'. You can use the word in academic writing or professional medical translations. You understand all regional variations and slang associated with being sick. You can use the word in complex wordplay or puns, and you understand the deepest cultural nuances of how 'resfriados' are treated in various Portuguese-speaking societies.
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resfriado in 30 Sekunden

  • Resfriado means 'common cold' in Portuguese.
  • It is a masculine noun (o resfriado) or an adjective (resfriado/a).
  • Commonly used with the verb 'estar com' to indicate having a cold.
  • In Portugal, the word 'constipação' is more frequent for the same condition.

The word resfriado in Portuguese refers to the common cold, a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Unlike the flu (gripe), a resfriado is generally milder but remains one of the most frequent reasons for short-term illness in Brazil and Portugal. It is characterized by symptoms like sneezing, a runny nose, and a slight cough. Understanding this word is essential for daily life, especially during the winter months (inverno) or during sudden temperature changes (choque térmico).

Etiology
Caused by rhinoviruses or coronaviruses, affecting the nasal mucosa.
Symptomatology
Includes sneezing (espirros), runny nose (coriza), and mild sore throat (dor de garganta).
Duration
Typically lasts between 3 to 7 days without major complications.

Eu acho que peguei um resfriado porque não parei de espirrar o dia todo.

In a cultural context, Brazilians often attribute a resfriado to walking barefoot on cold floors or leaving the house with wet hair. While scientifically debated, these 'popular beliefs' (crenças populares) are deeply embedded in how the word is used in conversation. You will often hear mothers telling children: 'Não ande descalço para não pegar um resfriado!'

O resfriado comum é chato, mas geralmente passa rápido com repouso.

The term can also be used as an adjective (resfriado/a) to describe the person who is sick. For example, 'Eu estou resfriado' means 'I have a cold.' This duality between the noun (the illness) and the adjective (the state of being) is a key grammatical feature to master at the A2 level.

Grammar Note
When used as a noun, it takes the masculine article 'o'.
Common Verb Pairings
'Pegar' (to catch) or 'Estar com' (to have/be with).

Beber muita água ajuda a curar o resfriado.

Minha irmã está com um resfriado terrível e não vai trabalhar hoje.

Furthermore, the word is derived from 'resfriar' (to cool down), reflecting the ancient belief that cold temperatures are the primary cause of the illness. This linguistic link is common in many Romance languages but is particularly prominent in Portuguese daily health discourse.

Evite o ar condicionado se você já estiver com um resfriado.

Using resfriado correctly involves understanding its role as both a noun and an adjective. As a noun, it functions like 'a cold' in English. You 'catch' it (pegar) or 'have' it (estar com). In Brazil, the phrase 'estar com um resfriado' is the standard way to express your current state of health. It is important to note that Portuguese speakers rarely say 'Eu tenho um resfriado' (I have a cold) in the same way English speakers do; 'estar com' is much more natural and idiomatic.

Verb: Pegar
Used for the moment of infection: 'Peguei um resfriado na chuva.'
Verb: Estar com
Used for the duration of the illness: 'Estou com um resfriado desde ontem.'
Verb: Passar
Used for recovery: 'Meu resfriado finalmente passou.'

When used as an adjective, it must agree in gender and number with the subject. 'Ele está resfriado' (He has a cold) vs. 'Ela está resfriada' (She has a cold). This is a common point of confusion for learners who might try to use the noun form where an adjective is required. If you want to describe the feeling of being slightly ill, you might say 'meio resfriado' (a bit cold-ish).

Se você não se agasalhar, vai acabar resfriado.

In formal settings, such as a doctor's office, you might hear 'resfriado comum' to distinguish it from other respiratory issues. However, in casual conversation, just 'resfriado' is sufficient. It is also useful to know the symptoms associated with it to provide context. For example: 'Estou com resfriado, meu nariz está entupido' (I have a cold, my nose is stuffed).

O médico disse que é apenas um resfriado leve.

The word also appears in various preventive contexts. You will see it on medicine packaging (remédios para resfriado) and in health advice columns. It is a 'safe' word to use when you feel unwell but don't want to sound overly dramatic or seriously ill. It implies a temporary, manageable condition that doesn't necessarily require a hospital visit.

You will encounter the word resfriado in a variety of everyday environments. The most common place is within the family home. Parents are constantly monitoring their children for signs of a 'resfriado,' especially during the 'mudança de tempo' (weather change). In schools, teachers might mention that several students are out because of a 'surto de resfriado' (cold outbreak).

At the Pharmacy (Farmácia)
'Você tem algo para resfriado e tosse?' (Do you have something for cold and cough?)
At Work (No Trabalho)
'Vou trabalhar de casa hoje porque estou meio resfriado.'
In News/Media
Reports on the 'chegada do inverno' often mention the increase in cases of resfriado.

A farmácia está cheia de gente procurando remédio para resfriado.

Social media is another place where the word thrives. People often post about their 'resfriado' to explain their absence or to seek sympathy and home remedies from friends. Phrases like 'O resfriado me pegou' (The cold caught me) are common captions for photos of tea mugs and blankets. It is a relatable, universal experience that bridges social gaps.

In professional medical contexts, while 'resfriado' is used, you might also hear 'infecção viral das vias aéreas superiores.' However, even doctors will use 'resfriado' when speaking to patients to ensure clarity. It is a word that exists comfortably in both high-register medical advice and low-register kitchen table talk.

Não é gripe, é só um resfriado passageiro.

The most frequent mistake learners make is confusing resfriado with gripe. While in English 'flu' and 'cold' are often used interchangeably in casual speech, in Portuguese, 'gripe' usually implies a much more serious condition involving high fever (febre alta) and body aches (dores no corpo). Calling a simple sniffle a 'gripe' might lead people to think you are much sicker than you actually are.

Resfriado vs. Gripe
Resfriado = mild, no fever. Gripe = severe, high fever, exhaustion.
Gender Errors
Using 'a resfriado' instead of 'o resfriado'. It is always masculine.
Verb Choice
Using 'ter' (to have) instead of 'estar com' (to be with). 'Tenho um resfriado' sounds robotic.

Another common error is related to the adjective form. Learners often forget to change the ending for female subjects. 'Maria está resfriado' is incorrect; it must be 'Maria está resfriada.' This gender agreement is crucial for sounding natural. Additionally, some learners confuse 'resfriado' with 'refrescado' (refreshed), which can lead to very confusing sentences in a restaurant or after a shower!

Erro comum: 'Eu peguei uma resfriada.' Correto: 'Eu peguei um resfriado.'

Lastly, learners often struggle with the preposition. It is 'estar com' (to be with) a cold, not 'estar em' or 'estar de'. Mastering the 'estar com [illness]' pattern will help you describe almost any minor ailment in Portuguese, from a headache (dor de cabeça) to a cold (resfriado).

To fully master the vocabulary around resfriado, you should be familiar with its 'family' of related terms. These words help you describe the specific symptoms or the severity of the condition. For instance, 'coriza' is the technical and common term for a runny nose, while 'espirro' is a sneeze. Knowing these allows you to be more descriptive when talking to a pharmacist or a friend.

Constipação
The standard term in Portugal for a cold. In Brazil, this usually refers to digestive issues.
Gripe
Influenza. Much stronger than a resfriado.
Alergia
Allergy. Often confused with a cold because of the sneezing.
Mal-estar
A general feeling of being unwell or 'under the weather'.

There is also the verb 'resfriar', which means to cool down or to chill. While related, it is used for things like engines or food. 'O motor precisa resfriar' (The engine needs to cool down). In the context of health, we use the reflexive 'resfriar-se' (to catch a cold), though 'pegar um resfriado' is much more common in daily speech.

A constipação é o termo que meus amigos de Lisboa usam para o resfriado.

Finally, consider the word 'indisposição'. This is a very useful, polite way to say you aren't feeling well enough to do something, often used when a resfriado is just starting. It's less specific than 'resfriado' but fits in the same semantic field of minor health issues.

How Formal Is It?

Formell

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Informell

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Umgangssprache

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Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Beispiele nach Niveau

1

Eu estou resfriado.

I have a cold.

Adjective form, masculine.

2

Você está com resfriado?

Do you have a cold?

Noun form with 'estar com'.

3

O resfriado é ruim.

The cold is bad.

Noun form with masculine article 'o'.

4

Ela está resfriada.

She has a cold.

Adjective form, feminine agreement.

5

Eu bebo água para o resfriado.

I drink water for the cold.

Preposition 'para' indicating purpose.

6

Não pegue um resfriado!

Don't catch a cold!

Imperative mood with 'pegar'.

7

Meu resfriado passou.

My cold is gone.

Verb 'passar' meaning to end/go away.

8

O menino está resfriado hoje.

The boy has a cold today.

Adjective form with 'hoje'.

1

Peguei um resfriado por causa da chuva.

I caught a cold because of the rain.

Past tense 'peguei'.

2

Estou com um resfriado leve.

I have a mild cold.

Use of the adjective 'leve' to qualify the noun.

3

Você tem remédio para resfriado?

Do you have cold medicine?

Common question at a pharmacy.

4

O resfriado me deixou muito cansado.

The cold made me very tired.

Direct object 'me' with the verb 'deixar'.

5

Minha mãe faz canja quando estou resfriado.

My mother makes chicken soup when I have a cold.

Cultural reference to 'canja'.

6

É apenas um resfriado, não é gripe.

It's just a cold, it's not the flu.

Contrast between 'resfriado' and 'gripe'.

7

Lave as mãos para evitar o resfriado.

Wash your hands to avoid the cold.

Infinitive 'evitar' after 'para'.

8

O resfriado comum dura alguns dias.

The common cold lasts a few days.

Adjective 'comum' following the noun.

1

Se eu soubesse que ia esfriar, não teria pegado esse resfriado.

If I knew it was going to get cold, I wouldn't have caught this cold.

Conditional and imperfect subjunctive.

2

O resfriado está afetando minha produtividade no trabalho.

The cold is affecting my productivity at work.

Present continuous 'está afetando'.

3

Dizem que vitamina C previne o resfriado.

They say vitamin C prevents the cold.

Third-person plural 'dizem' for general beliefs.

4

Apesar do resfriado, eu consegui terminar o relatório.

Despite the cold, I managed to finish the report.

Conjunction 'apesar de'.

5

Sempre fico resfriado quando as estações mudam.

I always get a cold when the seasons change.

Verb 'ficar' used for a change of state.

6

O médico recomendou repouso para curar o resfriado.

The doctor recommended rest to cure the cold.

Verb 'recomendar' with a noun object.

7

Não quero passar meu resfriado para ninguém.

I don't want to pass my cold to anyone.

Verb 'passar' meaning to transmit.

8

O resfriado dele parece estar piorando.

His cold seems to be getting worse.

Gerund 'piorando'.

1

A incidência de resfriados aumenta drasticamente no inverno.

The incidence of colds increases drastically in winter.

Formal vocabulary 'incidência' and 'drasticamente'.

2

Muitas pessoas confundem os sintomas do resfriado com os da rinite.

Many people confuse cold symptoms with those of rhinitis.

Verb 'confundir' with 'com'.

3

O resfriado é uma das maiores causas de absenteísmo escolar.

The cold is one of the major causes of school absenteeism.

Academic term 'absenteísmo'.

4

Embora seja um resfriado simples, é bom monitorar a febre.

Although it is a simple cold, it is good to monitor the fever.

Conjunction 'embora' with subjunctive 'seja'.

5

O vírus do resfriado sofre mutações constantes.

The cold virus undergoes constant mutations.

Scientific context.

6

A automedicação para o resfriado pode ser perigosa.

Self-medication for the cold can be dangerous.

Compound noun 'automedicação'.

7

O resfriado comum é frequentemente ignorado pelas políticas de saúde pública.

The common cold is often ignored by public health policies.

Passive voice.

8

Ele tentou disfarçar o resfriado durante a entrevista.

He tried to hide the cold during the interview.

Verb 'disfarçar'.

1

A vulnerabilidade ao resfriado está ligada ao sistema imunológico debilitado.

Vulnerability to the cold is linked to a weakened immune system.

Complex noun phrases.

2

O resfriado persistente pode ser um sinal de algo mais grave.

A persistent cold can be a sign of something more serious.

Adjective 'persistente'.

3

Não obstante o resfriado, ele manteve sua agenda de palestras.

Notwithstanding the cold, he maintained his lecture schedule.

Formal conjunction 'não obstante'.

4

A propagação do resfriado em ambientes fechados é inevitável.

The spread of the cold in enclosed environments is inevitable.

Abstract noun 'propagação'.

5

O impacto econômico do resfriado comum é frequentemente subestimado.

The economic impact of the common cold is often underestimated.

Passive voice with 'frequentemente'.

6

Ela descreveu seu resfriado com uma riqueza de detalhes hipocondríacos.

She described her cold with a wealth of hypochondriac details.

Nuanced vocabulary 'hipocondríacos'.

7

O resfriado agiu como um catalisador para sua exaustão física.

The cold acted as a catalyst for his physical exhaustion.

Metaphorical use of 'catalisador'.

8

A linha entre um resfriado severo e uma gripe leve é tênue.

The line between a severe cold and a mild flu is thin.

Idiomatic expression 'linha tênue'.

1

A onipresença do resfriado na literatura vitoriana reflete a precariedade da saúde da época.

The omnipresence of the cold in Victorian literature reflects the precariousness of health at the time.

High-level academic analysis.

2

O resfriado, em sua banalidade, esconde uma complexidade viral fascinante.

The cold, in its banality, hides a fascinating viral complexity.

Philosophical tone.

3

Discutir o resfriado sob uma ótica sociológica revela padrões de cuidado familiar.

Discussing the cold from a sociological perspective reveals patterns of family care.

Prepositional phrase 'sob uma ótica'.

4

A semântica de 'resfriado' versus 'constipação' delineia fronteiras dialetais claras.

The semantics of 'resfriado' versus 'constipação' outlines clear dialectal boundaries.

Linguistic terminology.

5

O resfriado pode ser encarado como uma metáfora para a fragilidade humana.

The cold can be seen as a metaphor for human fragility.

Abstract metaphorical usage.

6

Mitigar os efeitos do resfriado exige uma abordagem holística do bem-estar.

Mitigating the effects of the cold requires a holistic approach to well-being.

Formal verb 'mitigar'.

7

A cronicidade de certos resfriados desafia os diagnósticos convencionais.

The chronicity of certain colds challenges conventional diagnoses.

Technical noun 'cronicidade'.

8

O resfriado serviu de pretexto para o seu isolamento voluntário.

The cold served as a pretext for his voluntary isolation.

Idiomatic 'servir de pretexto'.

Häufige Kollokationen

pegar um resfriado
estar com resfriado
resfriado comum
resfriado leve
resfriado forte
curar um resfriado
evitar um resfriado
remédio para resfriado
sintomas de resfriado
vírus do resfriado

Häufige Phrasen

Estou com um resfriado chato.

Cuidado para não pegar um resfriado.

O resfriado me pegou de jeito.

É só um resfriado passageiro.

Meu resfriado está melhorando.

Vou ficar em casa por causa do resfriado.

O resfriado atacou minha rinite.

Não ande descalço para não ficar resfriado.

Esse resfriado não passa nunca!

Tome um chá para esse resfriado.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

resfriado vs gripe

resfriado vs refrescado

resfriado vs resfriamento

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

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""

""

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""

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""

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Leicht verwechselbar

resfriado vs

resfriado vs

resfriado vs

resfriado vs

resfriado vs

Satzmuster

So verwendest du es

nuance

Resfriado is always minor; Gripe is serious.

regional

Brazil uses 'resfriado'; Portugal uses 'constipação'.

Häufige Fehler
  • Saying 'Eu tenho um resfriado' (too literal).
  • Using 'a resfriado' (wrong gender).
  • Confusing 'resfriado' with 'gripe' (wrong severity).
  • Forgetting to change the adjective ending for women.
  • Using 'constipação' in Brazil to mean a cold.

Tipps

Gender Agreement

Remember that if you are a woman, you say 'Estou resfriada'. If you are a man, 'Estou resfriado'.

Home Remedies

Brazilians love 'chá de alho' (garlic tea) or 'limão com mel' for colds. Try mentioning this!

Portugal vs Brazil

Be careful with 'constipação'. In Brazil, it's a stomach issue; in Portugal, it's a cold.

Natural Phrasing

Use 'Peguei um resfriado' to describe how it started. It sounds very native.

The 'S'

Don't forget the 's' in reSfriado. It comes from the prefix 'res-'.

Fever Check

If you have a fever, tell the doctor 'Estou com febre', not just 'Estou resfriado'.

Aspirated R

The 'r' in 'resfriado' is a throat sound, like 'h' in 'house'.

Sick Leave

In an email, write: 'Não poderei ir trabalhar pois estou com um forte resfriado'.

Sympathy

When someone says they are resfriado, reply with 'Melhoras!' (Get well soon!).

Word Root

Connect 'resfriado' to 'frigorífico' (fridge) to remember it's about being cold.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

From the Latin 're-' (intensive) + 'frigorare' (to cool), from 'frigus' (cold).

Kultureller Kontext

Use 'resfriado' similarly to Brazil.

Commonly use 'resfriado'. Focus on 'choque térmico'.

Prefer 'constipação'. 'Resfriado' is understood but less common.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"Você já pegou o resfriado que está circulando?"

"O que você toma para curar um resfriado?"

"Você acha que o frio causa resfriado?"

"Como você se sente hoje? Parece resfriado."

"Qual é o melhor remédio caseiro para resfriado?"

Tagebuch-Impulse

Descreva a última vez que você ficou resfriado.

Quais são os sintomas de um resfriado para você?

Você prefere remédios de farmácia ou caseiros para o resfriado?

Como o resfriado afeta sua rotina?

Escreva um diálogo entre um paciente resfriado e um farmacêutico.

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

O resfriado é leve, com espirros e coriza. A gripe é forte, com febre alta e dores no corpo.

O mais comum é dizer 'Estou com resfriado' ou 'Estou resfriado'.

É um substantivo masculino: o resfriado.

Em Portugal, usa-se mais a palavra 'constipação'.

Os sintomas comuns são espirros, nariz entupido, coriza e tosse leve.

Pode, mas 'estar com um resfriado' soa muito mais natural.

É causado por vírus, mas popularmente as pessoas culpam o frio e a chuva.

Geralmente dura de três a sete dias.

Não, existe vacina para a gripe, mas não para o resfriado comum.

Lavando as mãos, evitando aglomerações e mantendo uma boa imunidade.

Teste dich selbst 180 Fragen

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