Conditional (-sa)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
The '-sa' suffix turns any verb into a conditional 'if' clause by attaching directly to the verb stem.
- Attach -sa to the verb stem: kel + sa = kelsa (if he/she comes).
- Add personal suffixes to indicate the subject: kelsang (if you come).
- For negatives, add -ma before the -sa: kelmasa (if he/she does not come).
Meanings
The -sa suffix is used to create conditional clauses, expressing a condition that must be met for an action to occur.
Hypothetical condition
Expressing a condition for a future or present event.
“O'qisang, bilasan.”
“Kelsang, gaplashamiz.”
Wish or desire
Used with 'qaniydi' to express a wish.
“Qaniydi, u kelsa!”
“Qaniydi, yomg'ir yog'sa!”
Conditional Conjugation (Verb: Kelmoq - to come)
| Person | Affirmative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Men (I) | Kelsam | Kelmasam |
| Sen (You) | Kelsang | Kelmasang |
| U (He/She) | Kelsa | Kelmasa |
| Biz (We) | Kelsak | Kelmasak |
| Siz (You formal) | Kelsangiz | Kelmasangiz |
| Ular (They) | Kelsalar | Kelmasalar |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Stem + sa + suffix | Kelsang |
| Negative | Stem + ma + sa + suffix | Kelmasang |
| Question | Stem + sa + suffix + mi | Kelsangmi? |
| Wish | Qaniydi + Stem + sa | Qaniydi kelsa |
| Formal | Stem + sa + ngiz | Kelsangiz |
| Plural | Stem + sa + lar | Kelsalar |
Formalitätsspektrum
Kelsangiz, gaplashamiz. (General)
Kelsang, gaplashamiz. (General)
Kelsang, gaplashamiz. (General)
Kelsang, gaplashamiz. (General)
Conditional Logic
Positive
- Kelsam If I come
Negative
- Kelmasam If I don't come
Conditional vs Future
Formation Flow
Is it negative?
Add -sa?
Usage Scenarios
Planning
- • Meetings
- • Travel
Desire
- • Wishes
- • Regrets
Examples by Level
Kelsang, gaplashamiz.
If you come, we will talk.
Yomg'ir yog'sa, qolamiz.
If it rains, we will stay.
Ishlasang, pul topasan.
If you work, you earn money.
O'qisa, o'rganadi.
If he studies, he learns.
Agar kelsangiz, kutaman.
If you come (formal), I will wait.
Vaqt bo'lmasa, bormayman.
If there is no time, I won't go.
Qaniydi, u kelsa!
If only he would come!
Tushunmasang, so'ra.
If you don't understand, ask.
Agar u aytmasa, bilmayman.
If he doesn't tell me, I won't know.
Sotib olsang, arzon bo'ladi.
If you buy it, it will be cheap.
Qaniydi, yoz kelsa!
If only summer would come!
Ishlamasang, natija bo'lmaydi.
If you don't work, there will be no result.
Agar shartnomani imzolasa, ishni boshlaymiz.
If he signs the contract, we start the work.
Agar xohlamasangiz, majbur emassiz.
If you don't want to, you are not forced.
Qaniydi, hamma narsa oson bo'lsa!
If only everything were easy!
Agar u kelmasa, biz ketamiz.
If he doesn't come, we are leaving.
Agar vaziyat o'zgarsa, rejamizni o'zgartiramiz.
If the situation changes, we will change our plan.
Agar u aytganini qilsa, muammo hal bo'ladi.
If he does what he said, the problem will be solved.
Qaniydi, vaqtni orqaga qaytarsa!
If only one could turn back time!
Agar u kelmagan bo'lsa, demak, sababi bor.
If he hasn't come, it means there is a reason.
Agar taqdir taqozo etsa, biz yana uchrashamiz.
If fate so decrees, we shall meet again.
Agar u o'z so'zida tursa, biz ham va'damizni bajaramiz.
If he stands by his word, we will also fulfill our promise.
Qaniydi, insonlar bir-birini tushunsa!
If only people understood each other!
Agar u kelmasa, bu uning tanlovi.
If he doesn't come, that is his choice.
Easily Confused
Learners mix up 'if' conditions with simple future facts.
Both express desire/intent.
Learners use past tense for hypothetical conditions.
Häufige Fehler
Kelmoqsa
Kelsa
Agar kelsa
Agar kelsang
Kelsama
Kelmasa
Kelsa men
Men kelsam
Agar kelsangizlar
Agar kelsangiz
Kelsam agar
Agar kelsam
Kelmasa u
U kelmasa
Kelsa bo'lsa
Kelsa
Agar kelgan bo'lsa
Agar kelsa
Kelsangizlar
Kelsangiz
Kelsaydi
Kelsa
Agar kelsa edi
Agar kelsa
Kelsangizlar
Kelsangiz
Sentence Patterns
Agar ___ bo'lsa, ___.
___-sangiz, ___.
Qaniydi, u ___ bo'lsa!
Agar ___ -masa, ___.
Real World Usage
Kelsang, yoz.
Agar qabul qilsangiz, minnatdor bo'laman.
Agar achchiq bo'lmasa, olaman.
Agar chipta bo'lsa, olaman.
Agar yoqsa, layk bos!
Agar manzil noto'g'ri bo'lsa, qo'ng'iroq qiling.
Drop the Agar
Don't use -moq
Formal usage
Polite invitations
Smart Tips
Use the formal -sangiz suffix instead of -sang.
Always remove the -moq to be safe.
Always add 'qaniydi' at the start.
Remember -ma goes before -sa.
Aussprache
Suffix stress
The stress usually falls on the syllable before the -sa.
Conditional rise
Kelsang↗, gaplashamiz↘
Rising intonation on the condition, falling on the result.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of 'SA' as 'Situation Always'. If you have a situation, add SA.
Visual Association
Imagine a 'SA' sign on a door. If you open the door (the verb), you see the condition.
Rhyme
If you want to say 'if', just add -sa, it's a gift!
Story
Ali wanted to go to the park. He said, 'If it is sunny, I go.' In Uzbek: 'Quyosh chiqsa, boraman.' He added -sa to 'chiq' and was happy.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Write 5 sentences about your plans for tomorrow using -sa.
Kulturelle Hinweise
Conditional sentences are often used in hospitality. 'Kelsangiz, choy ichamiz' (If you come, we will drink tea) is a common invitation.
The -sa suffix is a common Turkic conditional marker derived from ancient verbal forms.
Conversation Starters
Agar vaqtingiz bo'lsa, nima qilasiz?
Agar yomg'ir yog'sa, nima qilasiz?
Agar boy bo'lsangiz, nima sotib olasiz?
Agar vaqtni orqaga qaytara olsangiz, nima qilardingiz?
Journal Prompts
Test Yourself
Agar u ___ (kelmoq), biz ketamiz.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Agar u kelmoqsa, men ketaman.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
If you work, you win.
Answer starts with: a...
Kelmoq (Biz)
Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:
A: Kelsangiz, gaplashamiz. B: ___.
Score: /8
Ubungsaufgaben
8 exercisesAgar u ___ (kelmoq), biz ketamiz.
Which is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
Agar u kelmoqsa, men ketaman.
kelsang / gaplashamiz / agar
If you work, you win.
Kelmoq (Biz)
Match:
A: Kelsangiz, gaplashamiz. B: ___.
Score: /8
FAQ (8)
Yes, 'agar' is optional in spoken Uzbek.
No, for past conditions you need more complex structures.
Add -ma before -sa.
It can be formal if you use -sangiz.
Check if you kept the -moq suffix.
It's the same logic, just a suffix.
Yes, with 'qaniydi'.
No, it's very consistent.
In Other Languages
si + verb
Uzbek is a suffix, Spanish is a separate word.
si + verb
French uses a separate particle.
wenn + verb
German word order changes in conditional clauses.
-ba / -tara
Japanese has multiple conditional suffixes depending on nuance.
idha / law
Arabic uses separate particles.
ruguo
Chinese is non-inflecting.
