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A1 noun 8 Min. Lesezeit

公斤

gongjin

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Erklärung 公斤 in your Level:

At the A1 level, 公斤 (gōngjīn) is a vital vocabulary word for basic survival. It is primarily used in the context of shopping for food and describing oneself. Students at this level should focus on the simple sentence structure: [Number] + 公斤 + [Noun]. For example, 'I want to buy two kilograms of bananas' (我要买两公斤香蕉). It is crucial for A1 learners to distinguish between '公斤' (kilogram) and '斤' (500g), as this is a common point of confusion in markets. You will also learn to use it when talking about your body weight in very simple terms, such as 'I weigh 70 kilograms' (我七十公斤). The focus here is on recognizing the characters and using them in direct, concrete situations like at a fruit stand or an airport check-in counter. Exercises at this level involve matching the word to pictures of scales or filling in the blank in basic shopping dialogues.

At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 公斤 to include more descriptive and comparative sentences. You will start using it with adjectives like '重' (heavy) and '轻' (light), such as 'This bag is three kilograms heavier than that one' (这个包比那个包重三公斤). You will also encounter 公斤 in the context of health and fitness, discussing weight loss or gain (瘦了/胖了). A2 learners should be comfortable using decimals with 公斤, such as '1.5 kilograms' (一点五公斤). You might also see it in simple recipes or cooking instructions. The cultural component becomes more important here, as you learn that in mainland China, people often use '斤' in daily life, but '公斤' is the standard for official and international contexts. You will practice listening for weights in short announcements, like at a train station or a post office where package weights are discussed.

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By B1, 公斤 is used in more complex logistical and professional contexts. You will use it to discuss shipping costs, which are often calculated 'per kilogram' (每公斤). You might encounter it in news articles about trade or agriculture, for example, 'China imported 10 million kilograms of soybeans.' B1 learners should also understand the formal alternative '千克' (qiānkè) and know when to use 公斤 (informal/daily) versus 千克 (formal/scientific). You will practice writing short emails or reports where weight is a factor, such as describing a product's specifications or reporting a shipping error. Grammatically, you might use 公斤 in passive sentences or with resultative complements, like 'The luggage was weighed at 25 kilograms' (行李称出来是二十五公斤). Your ability to handle numbers up to the hundreds and thousands in conjunction with 公斤 is tested at this level.

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At the B2 level, 公斤 appears in technical, environmental, and economic discussions. You might read about the 'carbon footprint per kilogram of meat' or the 'yield per kilogram of fertilizer.' The word is no longer just about shopping; it's a unit of measurement used to analyze data and trends. You will be expected to understand nuance in discussions about standardization—for instance, the historical transition from traditional units to the metric system in China. You might engage in debates about health standards, using 公斤 to discuss Body Mass Index (BMI) or nutritional requirements. At B2, you should be able to follow fast-paced technical presentations or documentaries where 公斤 is mentioned frequently in a stream of data. Writing tasks might involve summarizing a graph that uses 公斤 as its primary unit of measurement on one of the axes.

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At the C1 level, learners use 公斤 in sophisticated academic and literary contexts. You might encounter the word in a historical novel describing the modernization of China's economy, or in a high-level economic paper discussing the 'price per kilogram' of rare earth metals and its impact on global markets. C1 students should be able to use 公斤 in complex rhetorical structures, perhaps in a speech about global food security or environmental conservation. You will also look at the linguistics of the word, such as how the prefix '公' (metric) is applied to other units like '公里' (kilometer) or '公升' (liter). Your listening skills will be tested with regional accents where the pronunciation of '公斤' might slightly vary, and you will be expected to produce nuanced translations that capture the exact register—knowing whether 'kilogram,' 'kg,' or 'kilo' is the best English equivalent for a given Chinese text.

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At the C2 level, mastery of 公斤 involves a deep understanding of its place within the entire Chinese measurement system, both historical and modern. You can discuss the philosophical and political implications of metrication in China during the early 20th century. You are comfortable using the term in highly specialized fields like aerospace engineering, pharmaceutical manufacturing, or international maritime law, where precision is paramount. A C2 learner can interpret and translate complex legal contracts where weight tolerances are defined in 公斤. You might also explore the use of the word in contemporary Chinese literature as a metaphor for the 'weight' of social responsibility or the 'mass' of urban life. At this level, the word is a tiny but essential cog in a vast machine of high-level communication, and you use it with the same ease and precision as a native-speaking professional.

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公斤 in 30 Sekunden

Standard metric unit for weight (kilogram).
Essential for shopping, travel, and medical contexts.
Equal to 1,000 grams or 2 traditional 'jin'.
Functions as a measure word; use '两' for two.

The term 公斤 (gōngjīn) is the standard Mandarin Chinese word for 'kilogram.' In the linguistic landscape of modern China, this word serves as the cornerstone of the metric system for weight. Etymologically, it is a compound consisting of 公 (gōng), meaning 'public' or 'official' (often used to denote metric units), and 斤 (jīn), which refers to the traditional Chinese unit of weight, the 'catty.' By combining them, the language identifies the kilogram as the 'official' or 'international' version of the traditional weight unit. While the traditional 斤 is equivalent to 500 grams, the 公斤 is exactly 1,000 grams, or two 斤. This distinction is vital for anyone navigating Chinese markets, supermarkets, or medical facilities.

Standard Usage: In formal contexts, such as scientific reports, government documents, international trade, and healthcare, 公斤 is the exclusive unit of measurement used to ensure precision and compliance with international standards.

这袋大米一共五公斤。(This bag of rice is five kilograms in total.)

When you visit a high-end supermarket in a tier-one city like Shanghai or Beijing, weight labels are almost always displayed in 公斤. However, in traditional wet markets, vendors might still use the traditional 斤. As a learner, you must be vigilant: if a price seems too good to be true, check if it is per 斤 or per 公斤. Usually, the 公斤 price is exactly double the 斤 price. Beyond shopping, 公斤 is used to measure body weight. If you go to a hospital for a check-up, the nurse will record your weight in 公斤. Similarly, at an airport check-in counter, your luggage will be weighed and limited based on 公斤.

Aviation and Logistics: Shipping companies and airlines strictly use 公斤. If your suitcase exceeds 23 公斤, you may face heavy fines. This makes it one of the most practical words to learn for travelers.

我的行李超重了三公斤。(My luggage is three kilograms overweight.)

In the fitness world, 公斤 is the standard for weightlifting. Plates in Chinese gyms are labeled in 公斤, unlike the 'pounds' used in the United States. If you are discussing your personal best in a squat or deadlift, you would say '我能深蹲一百公斤' (I can squat 100 kilograms). This usage spans across all age groups and social classes, making it a truly universal term in the Sinitic world.

Grammatically, 公斤 (gōngjīn) functions as a measure word (classifier) for weight. Unlike many other nouns in Chinese that require a separate measure word (like 个 or 本), 公斤 is its own measure word. This means you place the number directly before 公斤. The basic structure is: [Number] + 公斤 + [Noun]. For example, 'three kilograms of apples' is 三公斤苹果 (sān gōngjīn píngguǒ). Note that you do not need to add 的 (de) between 公斤 and the noun, although adding it is not grammatically incorrect in longer, more descriptive sentences.

Weight Inquiry: To ask how many kilograms something weighs, you use the question word 几 (jǐ) or 多少 (duōshǎo). For example: '你有多少公斤？' (How many kilograms do you weigh? - though '你多重？' is more natural).

医生，我最近瘦了两公斤。(Doctor, I have lost two kilograms recently.)

In mathematical and scientific contexts, 公斤 can be used as a standalone noun. For instance, 'One kilogram equals one thousand grams' is 一公斤等于一千克. When dealing with decimals, which is common in weight, the word 点 (diǎn) is used. For example, 2.5 kilograms is 两点五公斤. It is important to note that when the number is '2', you should use 两 (liǎng) instead of 二 (èr) before the measure word 公斤, resulting in 两公斤. Using 二公斤 sounds unnatural to native ears.

Another common pattern involves the verb 重 (zhòng - to weigh). You can say 这个西瓜重三公斤 (This watermelon weighs three kilograms). This structure is very common in descriptive writing and inventory management. In logistics, you might see 毛重 (máo zhòng - gross weight) and 净重 (jìng zhòng - net weight) followed by the number and 公斤. Understanding these patterns allows you to describe everything from your own fitness progress to the specifications of industrial machinery.

You will encounter 公斤 (gōngjīn) in a variety of daily scenarios across the Chinese-speaking world. One of the most frequent locations is the airport. From the moment you check in, the staff will ask you to place your bags on the scale, and the display will show the weight in 公斤. In announcements, you might hear warnings about baggage limits: '每位旅客限带二十公斤行李' (Each passenger is limited to twenty kilograms of luggage). This is a high-stakes environment where knowing the word helps you avoid unexpected fees.

Supermarkets and Retail: In modern retail chains like Carrefour, Walmart, or Hema (盒马), pricing is standardized to the metric system. Electronic scales print stickers that list the weight in 公斤 and the total price.

请问，这种牛肉多少钱一公斤？(Excuse me, how much is this beef per kilogram?)

In a medical or health context, 公斤 is the standard. If you visit a gym (健身房), the personal trainer will measure your body fat and weight in 公斤. They might say, '你的目标是减掉五公斤' (Your goal is to lose five kilograms). Similarly, in pharmacies or clinics, medication dosages are sometimes calculated based on the patient's weight in 公斤. Public service announcements regarding health and nutrition also use this unit to discuss healthy weight ranges for adults and children.

Finally, in the education system, students learn about physics and chemistry using 公斤. When solving a problem about gravity or mass, the teacher will consistently use 公斤 as the SI unit. This means that for anyone living in China, from a primary school student to a scientist, 公斤 is the fundamental unit of mass. Even in cooking, while many home cooks use 'handfuls' or 'bowls' as measurements, professional recipes in cookbooks or on apps like Xiachufang (下厨房) often specify ingredients in grams (克) or 公斤 for larger batches.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when using 公斤 (gōngjīn) is confusing it with the traditional unit 斤 (jīn). As mentioned, 1 公斤 is 2 斤. If you go to a market and ask for '一斤' when you actually want a kilogram, you will only receive half of what you need. Conversely, if you see a price for '20元' and assume it's per 公斤, you might be shocked to find out it's actually per 斤, making it twice as expensive as you thought. Always clarify by asking '是一斤还是一公斤？' (Is it one jin or one kilogram?).

The 'Number 2' Error: Beginners often say '二公斤' (èr gōngjīn). In Chinese, when counting things or using measure words, the number 2 must be '两' (liǎng). Therefore, always say '两公斤' (liǎng gōngjīn).

错误：我有二公斤苹果。 (Wrong: I have two kilograms of apples.)
正确：我有两公斤苹果。 (Correct: I have two kilograms of apples.)

Another mistake involves the placement of the word in a sentence. Because in English we say 'five kilograms of apples,' learners often want to insert the possessive particle 的 (de), resulting in 五公斤的苹果. While this is acceptable in some contexts (like when the weight is an adjective describing the noun), it is much more natural and common to omit the 的 in everyday speech: 五公斤苹果. Overusing 的 can make your Chinese sound robotic or overly formal.

Lastly, some learners forget that 公斤 is a measure word and try to add another measure word before it, such as 一个公斤. This is redundant and incorrect. Just like you wouldn't say 'one piece of kilogram' in English, you simply say '一公斤' in Chinese. Understanding that 公斤 inherently contains the function of a classifier is a key step in mastering Chinese grammar.

When discussing weight in Chinese, 公斤 (gōngjīn) is just one of several units you might encounter. Understanding the hierarchy and context of these units is essential for fluency. The most common alternative is 斤 (jīn), the traditional catty. As discussed, 1 公斤 = 2 斤. In mainland China, 1 斤 is exactly 500 grams. However, be aware that in Taiwan, Hong Kong, or Southeast Asia, the weight of a 'catty' can vary slightly (e.g., in Hong Kong, it is about 604 grams).

Hierarchy of Metric Units: 1 吨 (dùn, ton) = 1000 公斤
1 公斤 (gōngjīn, kg) = 1000 克 (kè, gram)
1 克 (kè, gram) = 1000 毫克 (háokè, milligram)

这台机器重达两吨，也就是两千公斤。(This machine weighs up to two tons, which is two thousand kilograms.)

Another word you might see is 千克 (qiānkè). This is the more formal, scientific term for 'kilogram.' In textbooks and technical manuals, 千克 is preferred over 公斤. They are identical in meaning (1000 grams), but 公斤 is the 'living' word used in speech and daily life, while 千克 is the 'academic' word. If you are writing a chemistry lab report, use 千克; if you are buying potatoes, use 公斤.

Finally, for very small weights, such as in jewelry or spice shops, you will hear 两 (liǎng). Note that this is the same character as the number 'two,' but here it is a unit of weight. In the modern system, 1 斤 = 10 两, so 1 两 = 50 grams. There is also the 磅 (bàng, pound), used almost exclusively when referring to Western contexts or specific imported goods. Knowing these variations helps you navigate different commercial environments with confidence.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

Before '公斤' was standardized, different provinces in China had different weights for a 'jin', making trade very difficult until the metric system unified it.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ˈkɪləɡræm/

US /ˈkɪləɡræm/

Gōng-jīn (First tone, First tone)

Reimt sich auf

中 (zhōng) 风 (fēng) 空 (kōng) 红 (hóng) 金 (jīn) 新 (xīn) 亲 (qīn) 心 (xīn)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing 'gōng' as 'gòng' (4th tone), which sounds like 'work'.
Pronouncing 'jīn' as 'jǐn' (3rd tone), which sounds like 'tight'.
Failing to keep the pitch high and steady for both characters.
Merging the two syllables into one slurred sound.
Misplacing the nasal 'ng' in 'gōng'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 1/5

The characters are relatively simple (4 and 4 strokes).

Schreiben 2/5

Writing '斤' requires correct stroke order for the curves.

Sprechen 2/5

Requires mastering the first tone twice in a row.

Hören 1/5

Very distinct sound in most contexts.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

一两十钱买

Als Nächstes lernen

克吨米厘米多重

Fortgeschritten

质量密度重力杠杆天平

Wichtige Grammatik

Measure words for weight

直接用在数字后面：三公斤。

Using 两 instead of 二

两公斤 (Correct), 二公斤 (Incorrect).

Decimal numbers

一点五公斤 (1.5 kg).

Comparison with 比

A比B重五公斤。

Omission of noun

我要两公斤。(Context: apples)

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Beispiele nach Niveau

我要买三公斤苹果。

I want to buy three kilograms of apples.

Number + 公斤 + Noun.

我的行李二十公斤。

My luggage is twenty kilograms.

Simple subject + weight.

一公斤多少钱？

How much is one kilogram?

Asking for price per unit.

他重八十公斤。

He weighs eighty kilograms.

Using '重' (weight) with 公斤.

这袋米五公斤。

This bag of rice is five kilograms.

Noun + Number + 公斤.

请给我两公斤香蕉。

Please give me two kilograms of bananas.

Using '两' (liǎng) instead of '二' (èr).

西瓜重四公斤。

The watermelon weighs four kilograms.

Noun + 重 + weight.

我不想要十公斤。

I don't want ten kilograms.

Negative sentence.

这个西瓜比那个重两公斤。

This watermelon is two kilograms heavier than that one.

Comparison structure with '比'.

我每天吃一公斤蔬菜。

I eat one kilogram of vegetables every day.

Adverb of frequency + verb + weight.

这只猫只有三点五公斤。

This cat only weighs 3.5 kilograms.

Using decimals (点).

邮寄这个包裹需要多少公斤？

How many kilograms is this package for mailing?

Context of logistics.

他瘦了五公斤。

He lost five kilograms.

Verb '瘦' (to become thin) + weight.

这瓶水重一公斤。

This bottle of water weighs one kilogram.

Specific noun weight.

超市里的牛肉每公斤六十元。

The beef in the supermarket is sixty yuan per kilogram.

Using '每' (every/per).

我们需要两公斤面粉做蛋糕。

We need two kilograms of flour to make the cake.

Purpose clause + weight.

由于超重三公斤，他付了罚款。

Because it was three kilograms overweight, he paid a fine.

Cause and effect with '由于'.

这种材料的密度是每立方米一千公斤。

The density of this material is one thousand kilograms per cubic meter.

Technical unit description.

每公斤的价格上涨了百分之十。

The price per kilogram has risen by ten percent.

Economic context.

请把这些货物按公斤分类。

Please classify these goods by kilogram.

Using '按' (according to).

这个新生儿体重三点八公斤。

This newborn baby weighs 3.8 kilograms.

Formal term '体重' (body weight).

我们公司每年出口数万公斤茶叶。

Our company exports tens of thousands of kilograms of tea every year.

Large numbers and trade.

这种药建议每公斤体重服用五毫克。

This medicine is recommended to be taken at five milligrams per kilogram of body weight.

Medical ratio.

他能举起一百公斤的杠铃。

He can lift a hundred-kilogram barbell.

Describing physical capability.

该地区的粮食产量达到了每公顷五千公斤。

The grain yield in this area reached five thousand kilograms per hectare.

Agricultural statistics.

这种新型电池每公斤可以储存更多能量。

This new type of battery can store more energy per kilogram.

Comparative efficiency.

每生产一公斤牛肉需要消耗大量的水。

Producing every kilogram of beef requires consuming a large amount of water.

Environmental impact statement.

货运代理按公斤计费，但不包括燃油附加费。

Freight forwarders charge by the kilogram, but this doesn't include fuel surcharges.

Business terminology.

这种合金的重量比普通钢轻了五公斤。

The weight of this alloy is five kilograms lighter than ordinary steel.

Material science comparison.

我们需要精确到零点零一公斤的秤。

We need a scale accurate to 0.01 kilograms.

Precision and decimals.

如果体重超过一百公斤，患病风险会增加。

If body weight exceeds 100 kilograms, the risk of disease increases.

Conditional statement in health.

这架无人机的最大起飞重量是十五公斤。

The maximum takeoff weight of this drone is fifteen kilograms.

Engineering specifications.

在国际贸易谈判中，每公斤的差价都至关重要。

In international trade negotiations, every cent of price difference per kilogram is crucial.

Nuanced business context.

这种稀有矿产的价值不能单纯用公斤来衡量。

The value of this rare mineral cannot be measured simply in kilograms.

Abstract value vs. weight.

由于计量单位的不统一，历史上曾出现过很多误差。

Due to the inconsistency of measurement units, many errors occurred in history.

Historical/Linguistic analysis.

该政策旨在降低每公斤废弃物的处理成本。

The policy aims to reduce the processing cost per kilogram of waste.

Policy and sustainability.

这种化学反应每公斤原料能产生多少热量？

How much heat can this chemical reaction produce per kilogram of raw material?

Scientific inquiry.

他在这篇论文中详细探讨了公斤定义的演变。

In this paper, he discussed the evolution of the definition of the kilogram in detail.

Academic discussion.

货物的毛重和净重之间通常有几公斤的误差。

There is usually an error of several kilograms between the gross and net weight of the goods.

Logistical precision.

尽管以公斤计费，但体积重也是一个关键因素。

Although charged by the kilogram, volumetric weight is also a key factor.

Complex logistics concepts.

公斤这一度量衡的标准化，是全球化进程中的里程碑。

The standardization of the kilogram as a unit of measurement is a milestone in the process of globalization.

High-level historical synthesis.

在量子力学的尺度下，公斤这一宏观单位显得力不从心。

At the scale of quantum mechanics, the macroscopic unit of the kilogram seems inadequate.

Scientific philosophy.

文学作品常以‘公斤’的重担来隐喻生活的压抑。

Literary works often use the burden of 'kilograms' as a metaphor for the oppression of life.

Literary metaphor.

重新定义公斤的尝试，反映了人类对绝对精准的极致追求。

The attempt to redefine the kilogram reflects humanity's ultimate pursuit of absolute precision.

Philosophical exploration of science.

在某些偏远地区，‘公斤’与传统‘斤’的博弈依然存在。

In some remote areas, the struggle between the 'kilogram' and the traditional 'jin' still exists.

Sociopolitical observation.

该条约明确规定了每公斤有毒物质排放的法律责任。

The treaty explicitly stipulates the legal liability for every kilogram of toxic substance emissions.

Legal/Regulatory language.

精密天平甚至能捕捉到一公斤物体表面附着的微量尘埃。

Precision balances can even capture trace amounts of dust attached to the surface of a one-kilogram object.

Hyper-technical description.

这种物质的能量密度极高，仅需几公斤即可驱动整座城市。

The energy density of this substance is so high that only a few kilograms are needed to power an entire city.

Speculative science/Futurism.

Häufige Kollokationen

体重...公斤

每公斤...元

超重...公斤

增加...公斤

减少...公斤

净重...公斤

毛重...公斤

一公斤苹果

几公斤

十来公斤

Häufige Phrasen

一公斤

— One kilogram.

我要一公斤肉。

多少公斤

— How many kilograms.

你的行李有多少公斤？

每公斤

— Per kilogram.

每公斤价格是五块钱。

两公斤

— Two kilograms (remember to use 两).

这两公斤橘子很甜。

半公斤

— Half a kilogram (500g).

我只需要半公斤面粉。

十公斤

— Ten kilograms.

这袋大米十公斤重。

重达...公斤

— Weighing as much as... kilograms.

这个南瓜重达二十公斤。

公斤级

— Weight class (in sports).

他是六十公斤级的选手。

公斤和克

— Kilograms and grams.

秤上显示了公斤和克。

超过...公斤

— Exceeding... kilograms.

不能超过二十公斤。

Wird oft verwechselt mit

公斤 vs 斤

1 公斤 = 2 斤. '斤' is 500g, '公斤' is 1000g.

公斤 vs 公里

公里 means kilometer (distance), 公斤 means kilogram (weight).

公斤 vs 公升

公升 means liter (volume), 公斤 means kilogram (weight).

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"半斤八两"

— Six of one and half a dozen of the other (literally: half a catty vs eight taels - old system).

他们的水平半斤八两。

Colloquial

"千钧一发"

— A matter of life and death (literally: a thousand jun hanging by a hair).

在这千钧一发的时刻，他救了孩子。

Literary

"重如泰山"

— Heavy as Mount Tai (significant weight).

他的责任重如泰山。

Literary

"举足轻重"

— To play a decisive role (literally: a move of the foot adds weight).

他在公司里举足轻重。

Formal

"斤斤计较"

— To haggle over every penny (literally: over every jin and tael).

不要为了这点小事斤斤计较。

Colloquial

"量入为出"

— Live within one's means (related to measuring/weighting).

我们应该量入为出。

Formal

"权衡利弊"

— To weigh the pros and cons (literally: weighing scale).

我们需要仔细权衡利弊。

Formal

"称心如意"

— To one's heart's content (literally: as the scale indicates).

这份工作让他称心如意。

Neutral

"轻于鸿毛"

— Lighter than a goose feather (insignificant).

死有重于泰山，或轻于鸿毛。

Literary

"稳如泰山"

— Stable as Mount Tai (heavy and unmoving).

局面稳如泰山。

Literary

Leicht verwechselbar

公斤 vs 千克

They mean the same thing.

千克 is formal/academic, 公斤 is common/spoken.

医生说我重70千克 (Medical report) vs 我70公斤 (Speaking).

公斤 vs 磅

Both measure weight.

磅 is the British/US unit (0.45kg).

这个蛋糕有三磅重。

公斤 vs 两

One is a unit, one is a number.

As a unit, 1两 = 50g. As a number, it means 2.

我要两(2)两(50g)茶叶。

公斤 vs 克

Both are metric weight units.

1公斤 = 1000克.

一克很轻，一公斤很重。

公斤 vs 吨

Both are metric weight units.

1吨 = 1000公斤.

大象重五吨。

Satzmuster

我要[Number]公斤[Noun]。

我要两公斤苹果。

[Subject]重[Number]公斤。

我重六十公斤。

由于[Reason]，超重了[Number]公斤。

由于行李太多，超重了三公斤。

按公斤[Verb]。

按公斤计费。

每公斤[Noun]含有[Number][Unit]。

每公斤牛奶含有三十克蛋白质。

不仅是公斤的问题，更是[Concept]。

不仅是公斤的问题，更是质量的问题。

以公斤为单位的[Noun]反映了[Abstract]。

以公斤为单位的产量反映了农业的现代化。

公斤的定义取决于[Scientific Fact]。

公斤的定义取决于普朗克常数。

Wortfamilie

Substantive

重量 (weight)

天平 (balance scale)

秤 (scale)

质量 (mass)

Verben

称 (to weigh)

测量 (to measure)

增加 (to increase)

减少 (to decrease)

Adjektive

重 (heavy)

轻 (light)

精准 (precise)

Verwandt

克 (gram)

吨 (ton)

斤 (catty)

两 (tael)

公里 (kilometer)

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So verwendest du es

frequency

Extremely high in daily and professional life.

Häufige Fehler

二公斤 → 两公斤
In Chinese, 'liang' is used for 'two' when followed by a measure word.
一个公斤 → 一公斤
公斤 is a measure word itself; it doesn't need 'ge'.
一公斤的苹果 → 一公斤苹果
While not strictly wrong, omitting 'de' is much more natural in daily speech.
Confusing 斤 and 公斤 → Check the scale
A common error leading to buying the wrong amount or miscalculating prices.
Mispronouncing 'Gong' as 'Gong3' → Gōng (1st tone)
Changing the tone can lead to misunderstanding in busy environments.

Tipps

Measure Word Status

Always remember that 公斤 is its own measure word. Never put 'ge' or 'zhi' before it.

Market Math

In traditional markets, prices are usually per 'jin'. Always multiply by 2 to get the 'gongjin' price.

Tone Accuracy

Keep 'Gong' high. If you say 'Gòng', it sounds like 'total', which can be confusing in a market.

Airport Limits

Most domestic flights in China have a 20kg limit. Memorize '二十公斤' to understand the signs.

Body Weight

When someone asks '你多重？', answer with '[Number] 公斤'.

Stroke Order

Practice the stroke order of '斤' to make it look balanced and legible.

Conversion

Quick tip: 1kg is about the weight of a 1-liter bottle of water.

Prefix 'Gong'

Once you learn 'gongjin', you also know the 'gong' in 'gongli' (km) and 'gongli' (liter).

Label Reading

Look for the characters '净重' (net weight) followed by '公斤' on food packaging.

Pounds to Kg

If you are from the US, remember your weight in kg is roughly half your weight in lbs.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of a 'Gong' (公) being hit to announce the 'Jin' (斤) is now 'Official' (Kilogram).

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a giant gold 'Gong' sitting on a scale that says '1kg'.

Word Web

Scale Market Airport Gym Body Weight Metric 1000g Shopping

Herausforderung

Go to a local grocery store and try to estimate the weight of 5 different items in 公斤 before looking at the scale.

Wortherkunft

Formed during the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican era as China adopted the metric system. '公' was chosen to represent 'International/Metric/Public' and '斤' was the familiar unit for mass.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: The 'Metric Catty'.

Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese).

Kultureller Kontext

While discussing weight is common, be mindful of the context; in professional settings, it is still a personal health metric.

English speakers often struggle with the metric system if they are from the US, where pounds (磅) are used. Remember that 1kg is roughly 2.2lbs.

The International Prototype of the Kilogram (Le Grand K) The 1959 Chinese Measurement Reform Decree Standard weights in the Forbidden City museum

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Airport Check-in

行李超重了
限重二十公斤
需要称一下
多少公斤？

Supermarket

每公斤多少钱？
给我两公斤
太重了
秤在哪儿？

Hospital

量体重
你的体重是...
瘦了几公斤
标准体重

Gym

举重
五十公斤的杠铃
减掉五公斤
增加肌肉

Post Office

包裹重量
按公斤计费
三公斤重
邮费多少？

Gesprächseinstiege

"你觉得这个西瓜有几公斤？"

"你的行李箱多少公斤？超重了吗？"

"在你的国家，人们用公斤还是磅？"

"你现在的体重是多少公斤？"

"这一公斤苹果要多少钱？"

Tagebuch-Impulse

写一写你今天在超市买了什么，每样东西有多少公斤。

描述一下你最近的健身目标，你想减掉或增加多少公斤。

如果你要去旅行，你会如何控制你的行李在二十公斤以内？

比较一下你家乡的度量衡和中国的公斤有什么不同。

想象你是一个小商贩，写一段话向客人介绍你的水果每公斤卖多少钱。

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

Historical habit. The 'jin' has been used for centuries. When the metric system was introduced, people kept the old unit for small daily purchases, but 'gongjin' became the official standard for everything else.

Yes, '公斤' is the standard metric unit in Taiwan as well, though they also use '台斤' (600g) in traditional markets.

No, you must say 'gongjin'. Some people might say 'kg' in a very international office, but 'gongjin' is the correct term.

You write '公斤'.

It is 'yi gongjin'. You do not need the measure word 'ge' because 'gongjin' is already a measure word.

In physics, mass is '质量' (zhìliàng) and weight is '重量' (zhòngliàng). '公斤' is the unit for both in common speech.

You say 'liǎng diǎn wǔ gōngjīn'.

'Gong' (公) means 'public' or 'international', signifying that these are the international standard units, unlike the local 'shi' (市) units.

You say 'èrshí gōngjīn'. 'Liǎng' is only used for the single digit 2 or the leading 2 in 200, 2000, etc.

Use 'qianke' in science class, engineering, or when reading formal labels on medicine or chemicals.

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