Approximate Numbers: Using {左右|zuǒyòu} (Around/Ish)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use {左右|zuǒyòu} after a number and measure word to indicate an approximate amount or time.
- Place {左右|zuǒyòu} after the number and measure word: {三|sān}{个|gè}{左右|zuǒyòu} (about three).
- It works for time: {五点|wǔdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu} (around 5:00).
- It can follow age: {二十岁|èrshísuì}{左右|zuǒyòu} (around 20 years old).
Overview
In Chinese, expressing precision is a choice, not a default. While English often requires a qualifier like "about" or "around" to soften a number, the Chinese language possesses a more integrated and elegant tool for this purpose: 左右. Literally translating to "left-right," 左右 functions as a postpositional marker that creates a symmetrical margin of error around a stated quantity.
Think of the number as a central point, with 左右 indicating a flexible range to its left (less) and right (more). This is fundamentally different from English, where approximators precede the number.
At the B2 level, moving beyond simply knowing what 左右 means to understanding why and how it's used is critical for fluency. It reflects a cultural and linguistic preference for conveying practicality over pedantic accuracy in many everyday contexts. Using 左右 correctly signals that you grasp not just the grammar, but the pragmatics of the language.
It allows you to give estimates, manage expectations, and speak with a natural-sounding flexibility, whether you're discussing time, cost, or quantity. It is the key to sounding less like a textbook and more like a native speaker navigating the fluid realities of daily life.
How This Grammar Works
左右 is to modify a number-quantifier phrase. It is not an adverb that modifies a verb, nor can it stand alone. Instead, it must attach directly to the end of a phrase that already contains a specific number and a unit (like a measure word, a unit of time, or currency).左右 complements and refines the meaning of the number preceding it. The resulting meaning is a balanced approximation, implying "a little more or a little less" than the specified number.一个小时 (one hour), adding 左右 transforms it into 一个小时左右 (about an hour). This implies the actual time could be 50 minutes or perhaps 1 hour and 10 minutes. The range is context-dependent; 十块钱左右 (around 10 RMB) might imply a variance of 1-2 RMB, whereas 十万块左右 (around 100,000 RMB) implies a much larger variance.左右 itself doesn't define the range; it simply signals that one exists.大概 (probably/approximately) at the beginning of the sentence, although they can be used together for emphasis. For instance, in the sentence 会议三点左右开始 (The meeting will start around 3 o'clock), the approximation is neatly contained within the time phrase itself.Formation Pattern
左右 is rigid and straightforward. You must always place it after the complete numerical phrase.
左右
左右 before the number, is a significant grammatical error. The number and its associated unit must form an inseparable block.
左右 | Pinyin | Translation |
二十个左右.
When To Use It
左右 to add nuance and naturalness to your speech in any situation involving an estimated quantity. It is appropriate in both casual conversation and professional settings.- Casual: 我下午两点左右到你家,可以吗? (I'll get to your place around 2 PM, is that okay?)
- Professional: 这个报告我需要两天左右才能完成。 (I'll need about two days to finish this report.)
左右 is indispensable.- Shopping: 这台电脑的维修费用大概在八百块左右。 (The repair cost for this computer is around 800 RMB.)
- Planning: 我们去日本旅游的预算是一万五千元左右。 (Our budget for the Japan trip is approximately 15,000 RMB.)
左右 is the standard and polite way to estimate someone's age or other personal statistics. It also applies to any countable noun.- Describing People: 我们公司新来的CEO看起来四十岁左右。 (The new CEO at our company looks to be around 40 years old.)
- General Counting: 昨天的会议有五十人左右参加。 (There were about 50 people attending yesterday's meeting.)
Common Mistakes
左右 that betray non-native patterns of thought. Avoiding these is a hallmark of advancing proficiency.- 1Incorrect Word Order: This is the most fundamental error. English speakers are accustomed to saying "around 10 people." A direct translation leads to the incorrect placement of
左右before the number.
- Incorrect:
我买了左右十个苹果。 - Correct:
我买了十个左右的苹果。or我买了十个苹果左右。(Note: The first correct version uses的to turn the phrase into an adjective modifying the noun.) The safest structure is always [Number] + [MW] +左右.
- 1Redundancy with
多and来: Chinese has other numerical approximators like多(more than) and来(around, for numbers 10-100). Using them simultaneously with左右is grammatically redundant and sounds unnatural.
- Incorrect:
他三十多岁左右。 - Why it's wrong:
三十多岁already means "in one's thirties." Adding左右creates a confusing double approximation. - Choose one: Say
他三十多岁OR他三十岁左右. They have slightly different meanings: the first implies 31-39, while the second implies a range around 30 (e.g., 28-32).
- 1Using with Overly Precise Numbers: The logic of
左右is to round off a number to a convenient, approximate whole. Applying it to a number that is already highly specific is illogical and jarring.
- Incorrect:
火车票是257.5元左右。 - Why it's wrong: The precision of "257.5" clashes with the vagueness of
左右. Native speakers would round first. - Correct:
火车票是260块左右。
- 1Applying to Non-Quantifiable Concepts:
左右is strictly for numbers. You cannot use it to express approximation for qualities, states, or actions. For that, you need adverbs like有点儿(a bit) or差不多(almost).
- Incorrect:
我感觉累左右。(I feel tired-ish.) - Correct:
我感觉有点儿累。(I feel a bit tired.)
Real Conversations
Here is how 左右 appears in natural, modern communication. Notice how it seamlessly integrates into different contexts.
Scenario 1
A
(When are you arriving? Is the subway crowded?)
B
(I'll be there in about 10 minutes. The crowd is okay, not too bad.)
Scenario 2
Manager
(How long will the development cycle for this new feature take?)
Team Lead
(Based on our preliminary assessment, from design to launch, it will require a total of about three months.)
Scenario 3
A
(How much did you spend on your trip to Yunnan last time?)
B
(Hmm... flights and hotels were the biggest part. Including food and fun, it was roughly 10,000 RMB per person.)
Quick FAQ
左右 with any number?Technically yes, but it is most natural with round numbers (e.g., 十, 五十, 三百) or common units of time (三点, 半小时). Using it with a very specific, non-rounded number like 十三 is less common unless that number is a meaningful quantity in context. The general principle is to approximate from a logical base number.
左右 different from 大概 and 差不多?This is a crucial distinction. They are not interchangeable.
左右is a postposition that creates a range around a number (十个左右- around 10).大概is an adverb expressing the speaker's guess or subjective uncertainty. It's placed before the verb or number phrase (大概有十个- there are probably 10).差不多is an adjective/adverb meaning "almost" or "nearly there." It implies reaching a point or quantity (差不多十点了- it's almost 10 o'clock;我们差不多到了- we're almost there). It can also be used as a standalone response:A: 你做完了吗? B: 差不多了。(A: Are you done? B: Almost.)
左右 in formal or business writing?Yes, absolutely. In fact, it is essential for professional communication. When giving project estimates, budget forecasts, or timelines, using 左右 is considered realistic and responsible. It manages expectations by building in a margin for unforeseen circumstances, which is seen as more professional than giving an overly confident, rigid number that may later prove inaccurate.
上下 (up-down)? Is it the same?上下 is a very close synonym and follows the same grammatical pattern (Number + Unit + 上下). However, it is slightly more formal or literary and is most frequently used when estimating age, height, or rank. For example, 四十岁上下 (around 40 years old) is very common. While 左右 can be used for everything, 上下 is more restricted. As a B2 learner, mastering 左右 is the priority; think of 上下 as a more specialized alternative.
Approximation Structure
| Category | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Count
|
Number + Measure + 左右
|
{三|sān}{个|gè}{左右|zuǒyòu}
|
|
Time
|
Time + 左右
|
{五点|wǔdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}
|
|
Age
|
Age + 左右
|
{二十|èrshí}{岁|suì}{左右|zuǒyòu}
|
|
Distance
|
Distance + 左右
|
{五公里|wǔgōnglǐ}{左右|zuǒyòu}
|
|
Money
|
Amount + 左右
|
{一百块|yībǎikuài}{左右|zuǒyòu}
|
|
Duration
|
Duration + 左右
|
{两小时|liǎngxiǎoshí}{左右|zuǒyòu}
|
Meanings
The term {左右|zuǒyòu} is used to indicate that a quantity, time, or age is approximate, meaning 'more or less' or 'around'.
Numerical Approximation
Estimating a count of objects or people.
“我有{十|shí}{本|běn}{书|shū}{左右|zuǒyòu}。”
“这里有{一百|yībǎi}{人|rén}{左右|zuǒyòu}。”
Temporal Approximation
Estimating a point in time.
“我{八点|bādiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}到。”
“会议在{下午|xiàwǔ}{两点|liǎngdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}开始。”
Age Approximation
Estimating someone's age.
“她看起来有{二十|èrshí}{五|wǔ}{岁|suì}{左右|zuǒyòu}。”
“那个人有{六十|liùshí}{岁|suì}{左右|zuǒyòu}。”
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
|
Affirmative
|
Number + Measure + 左右
|
{三|sān}{个|gè}{左右|zuǒyòu}
|
|
Time
|
Time + 左右
|
{七点|qīdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}
|
|
Age
|
Age + 左右
|
{三十|sānshí}{岁|suì}{左右|zuǒyòu}
|
|
Question
|
Number + Measure + 左右 + 吗?
|
{三|sān}{个|gè}{左右|zuǒyòu}{吗|ma}?
|
|
Combined
|
大约 + Number + Measure + 左右
|
{大约|dàyuē}{三|sān}{个|gè}{左右|zuǒyòu}
|
|
Negative
|
Not used directly
|
N/A
|
Formality Spectrum
{五点|wǔdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu} (Meeting time)
{五点|wǔdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu} (Meeting time)
{五点|wǔdiǎn}{多|duō} (Meeting time)
{五点|wǔdiǎn}{来钟|láizhōng} (Meeting time)
Usage of {左右|zuǒyòu}
Time
- {八点|bādiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu} around 8:00
Count
- {五个|wǔgè}{左右|zuǒyòu} about 5
Age
- {十岁|shísuì}{左右|zuǒyòu} around 10 years old
Examples by Level
{三|sān}{个|gè}{人|rén}{左右|zuǒyòu}
about three people
{五|wǔ}{点|diǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}
around 5 o'clock
{十|shí}{块|kuài}{左右|zuǒyòu}
about 10 yuan
{两|liǎng}{天|tiān}{左右|zuǒyòu}
about two days
他有{二十|èrshí}{岁|suì}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
He is about 20 years old.
我{下午|xiàwǔ}{三点|sāndiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}{去|qù}。
I will go around 3 PM.
这儿有{五十|wǔshí}{个|gè}{学生|xuéshēng}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
There are about 50 students here.
他买了{五|wǔ}{本|běn}{书|shū}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
He bought about 5 books.
这个项目需要{三个|sāngè}{月|yuè}{左右|zuǒyòu}完成。
This project needs about three months to finish.
会议大概在{十点|shídiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}{结束|jiéshù}。
The meeting will end around 10 o'clock.
他住在{离|lí}{这儿|zhèr}{五|wǔ}{公里|gōnglǐ}{左右|zuǒyòu}{的|de}{地方|dìfāng}。
He lives about 5km away from here.
这件衣服{一百|yībǎi}{块|kuài}{钱|qián}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
This piece of clothing is about 100 yuan.
根据我的估计,成本在{一万|yīwàn}{元|yuán}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
According to my estimate, the cost is around 10,000 yuan.
他拥有{十年|shínián}{的|de}{工作|gōngzuò}{经验|jīngyàn}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
He has about 10 years of work experience.
气温在{二十|èrshí}{度|dù}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
The temperature is around 20 degrees.
我们{大概|dàgài}{在|zài}{六点|liùdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}{见面|jiànmiàn}。
We will meet around 6 o'clock.
该地区的年降雨量在{一千|yīqiān}{毫米|háomǐ}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
The annual rainfall in this region is around 1000mm.
这种现象在{二十|èrshí}{世纪|shìjì}{五十|wǔshí}{年代|niándài}{左右|zuǒyòu}{开始|kāishǐ}{出现|chūxiàn}。
This phenomenon began to appear around the 1950s.
他的理论在{学术界|xuéshùjiè}{引起|yǐnqǐ}{了|le}{很大|hěndà}{的|de}{反响|fǎnxiǎng},{大约|dàyuē}{有|yǒu}{上百|shàngbǎi}{篇|piān}{论文|lùnwén}{左右|zuǒyòu}{引用|yǐnyòng}{了|le}{它|tā}。
His theory caused a big stir in academia, with about 100 papers citing it.
这台机器的寿命在{五年|wǔnián}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
The lifespan of this machine is about 5 years.
在{古代|gǔdài}{文献|wénxiàn}{中|zhōng},{左右|zuǒyòu}一词常用于指代{侍从|shìcóng},但在此语境下,它仅作为{数量|shùliàng}{词|cí}{的|de}{后缀|hòuzhuì}。
In ancient texts, the word 'zuoyou' was often used to refer to attendants, but in this context, it only serves as a suffix for quantity.
其{影响力|yǐngxiǎng lì}{之|zhī}{大|dà},{覆盖|fùgài}{了|le}{全国|quánguó}{百分之八十|bǎifēnzhībāshí}{左右|zuǒyòu}{的|de}{人口|rénkǒu}。
Its influence is so great that it covers about 80% of the national population.
该{算法|suànfǎ}{的|de}{误差|wùchā}{率|lǜ}{在|zài}{百分之零点一|bǎifēnzhīlíngdiǎnyī}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
The error rate of this algorithm is around 0.1%.
我们必须在{两周|liǎngzhōu}{左右|zuǒyòu}{的|de}{时间|shíjiān}{内|nèi}{完成|wánchéng}{这项|zhèxiàng}{任务|rènwù}。
We must complete this task within about two weeks.
Easily Confused
Both mean 'about'.
Common Mistakes
{左右|zuǒyòu}{三|sān}{个|gè}
{三|sān}{个|gè}{左右|zuǒyòu}
{左右|zuǒyòu}{人|rén}
{三|sān}{个|gè}{人|rén}{左右|zuǒyòu}
我{左右|zuǒyòu}{三点|sāndiǎn}{到|dào}
我{三点|sāndiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}{到|dào}
他{左右|zuǒyòu}{有|yǒu}{钱|qián}
他{大概|dàyuē}{有|yǒu}{钱|qián}
Sentence Patterns
我___左右到。
Real World Usage
{我|wǒ}{五点|wǔdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}{到|dào}。
{这|zhè}{要|yào}{一百|yībǎi}{块|kuài}{左右|zuǒyòu}。
Suffix Power
Smart Tips
Use {左右|zuǒyòu} to sound natural.
Pronunciation
Tone
{左|zuǒ} is 3rd tone, {右|yòu} is 4th tone.
Statement
Rising then falling.
Neutral tone.
Memorize It
Mnemonic
Think of a scale: {左|zuǒ} (left) and {右|yòu} (right). If you are 'around' a number, you are swaying between the left and right of that number.
Visual Association
Imagine a clock where the hand is vibrating back and forth around the number 5. That vibration is the {左右|zuǒyòu} suffix.
Rhyme
Number plus measure, then add {左右|zuǒyòu}, it makes your Chinese sound like a pro!
Story
I asked my friend when he would arrive. He said '{五点|wǔdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}'. I waited at the café. He arrived at 4:55, then I saw him again at 5:05. He was indeed '{五点|wǔdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}'.
Word Web
Challenge
Look at 5 items in your room and guess their quantity using the {左右|zuǒyòu} structure out loud.
Cultural Notes
Very common in daily life for everything from bus schedules to market prices.
Similar usage, but sometimes {上下|shàngxià} is preferred for age.
Often mixed with Cantonese particles.
Comes from the literal meaning of left and right, implying a range.
Conversation Starters
{你|nǐ}{几点|jǐdiǎn}{左右|zuǒyòu}{下班|xiàbān}?
{你们|nǐmen}{班|bān}{有|yǒu}{多少|duōshǎo}{学生|xuéshēng}?
Journal Prompts
Common Mistakes
Test Yourself
他有{二十|èrshí}{岁|suì}_____。
Score: /1
Practice Exercises
1 exercises他有{二十|èrshí}{岁|suì}_____。
Score: /1
Practice Bank
10 exercises{会议|huìyì} {下午|xiàwǔ} {三点|sān diǎn} ___ {结束|jiéshù}。
{这|zhè} {个|gè} {菜|cài} {好吃|hǎochī} {左右|zuǒyòu}。
① {左右|zuǒyòu} ② {他|tā} ③ {五十公斤|wǔshí gōngjīn} ④ {重|zhòng}
I walk about 5 kilometers every day.
Which one sounds like a real price estimate?
Match the approximate expressions:
{老师|lǎoshī} {五十岁|wǔshí suì} ___。
{我|wǒ} {等|děng} {了|le} {左右|zuǒyòu} {半个|bàn gè} {小时|xiǎoshí}。
Select the best way to estimate weight:
Score: /10
FAQ (1)
No, only for quantities, time, and age.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
alrededor de
Positioning (prefix vs suffix).
environ
Positioning.
ungefähr
Positioning.
ぐらい
Very similar usage.
تقريباً
Grammatical category.
{左右|zuǒyòu}
None.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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