干渉 en 30 segundos
- 干渉 (kanshou) is about meddling or wave interaction.
- Use it for unwanted interference in personal or political matters.
- Also used in physics for wave superposition.
- Context is key to understanding its meaning.
- Core Meaning
- 干渉 (kanshou) refers to the act of interfering or meddling in something, particularly the affairs of others. This can range from personal relationships to international politics. It carries a negative connotation, implying unwelcome involvement or disruption.
- Scientific Context
- In physics, 干渉 has a distinct meaning: the interaction of waves. When two or more waves overlap, their amplitudes can combine, either reinforcing each other (constructive interference) or canceling each other out (destructive interference). This is a fundamental concept in wave phenomena.
親の干渉を嫌がる思春期の子供たち。
光の干渉によって美しい模様が現れる。
- Interpersonal Interference
- When referring to people, 干渉 implies that someone is getting involved in matters that do not concern them, often with negative consequences. This could be a parent overly involved in their adult child's life, a neighbor meddling in a dispute, or even a country interfering in the internal affairs of another nation.
- Physics of Waves
- In scientific discussions, especially in optics and acoustics, 干渉 describes the phenomenon where waves meet and interact. For example, the shimmering colors seen on a soap bubble are a result of light waves interfering with each other. Similarly, noise-canceling headphones work by creating sound waves that interfere destructively with ambient noise.
- Describing Unwanted Involvement
- In everyday conversations and writing, 干渉 is frequently used to express disapproval of someone's intrusive behavior. It can be used to describe actions ranging from minor personal annoyances to significant political interventions. For instance, you might say that a friend's constant advice about your love life is interference (干渉), or that a foreign power's involvement in a conflict is inappropriate interference (干渉).
上司の過度な干渉にうんざりしている。
- Explaining Scientific Phenomena
- In academic and scientific contexts, 干渉 is essential for discussing wave behavior. When learning about physics, you will encounter sentences like, 'The experiment demonstrated the interference of light waves,' (実験では光波の干渉が実証された。) or 'Sound waves can undergo interference.' (音波は干渉を起こすことがある。). Understanding this term is crucial for grasping concepts in optics, acoustics, and other related fields.
二つの波が重なり合うと、干渉が起こる。
- Common Verb Usage
- The verb form often used with 干渉 is する (suru), meaning 'to interfere.' You will frequently see phrases like 干渉する (kanshou suru - to interfere) or 干渉しない (kanshou shinai - not to interfere). The noun form can also be used with verbs like 避ける (sakeru - to avoid) or 求める (motomeru - to seek), such as 干渉を避ける (kanshou o sakeru - to avoid interference).
- Family Dynamics
- You'll often hear 干渉 discussed within families. Parents might complain about their children's interference in their marital issues, or adult children might express frustration about their parents' constant interference in their career choices or parenting styles. For example, a teenager might say, 「親の干渉がうるさい！」 (Oya no kanshou ga urusai! - My parents' interference is annoying!).
彼女は夫の仕事に干渉しすぎると言われている。
- Workplace Discussions
- In a professional setting, 干渉 can refer to a manager overly micromanaging their employees, or colleagues interfering in each other's projects. A subordinate might express their desire for less interference from their supervisor, or a team leader might warn against unnecessary interference from other departments.
新しいプロジェクトへの他部署からの干渉を避けたい。
- News and Politics
- International relations and news reports often use 干渉 to describe one country's meddling in the affairs of another, such as political interference or military intervention. Headlines might read, 「隣国による内政干渉を非難する」 (Rinkoku ni yoru naisei kanshou o hinan suru - To condemn interference in internal affairs by a neighboring country).
- Scientific Lectures and Textbooks
- In physics classes or scientific literature, 干渉 is a common term. You'll hear professors explaining wave interference patterns or read about the interference of light in textbooks. For example, a physics lecture might state, 「この現象は波の干渉によって説明できる。」 (Kono genshou wa nami no kanshou ni yotte setsumei dekiru. - This phenomenon can be explained by wave interference.)
- Confusing with Similar Concepts
- Learners might confuse 干渉 with words like 介入 (kainyuu), which means intervention, often in a more official or forceful capacity, or 邪魔 (jama), which means hindrance or nuisance. While related, 干渉 specifically implies meddling or unwanted involvement, whereas 介入 can be neutral or even positive depending on the context. 邪魔 is more about causing an obstacle.
Mistake: 彼は私の問題に邪魔をした。(He hindered my problem.)
Correct: 彼は私の問題に干渉しすぎた。(He interfered too much in my problem.)
- Overusing in Positive Contexts
- Because 干渉 generally carries a negative connotation when referring to people, it's a mistake to use it in situations where helpful advice or support is being offered. For example, you wouldn't describe a supportive friend offering advice as 干渉; that would be more like 助言 (jogen - advice) or 協力 (kyouryoku - cooperation).
Mistake: 先生は私の学習に干渉してくれた。(The teacher interfered with my learning.)
Correct: 先生は私の学習を助けてくれた。(The teacher helped my learning.)
- Ignoring the Scientific Meaning
- While less common for learners focusing on conversational Japanese, in scientific contexts, confusing the interpersonal meaning with the wave interaction meaning would lead to significant misunderstandings. For instance, discussing wave interference as 'meddling' would be incorrect.
- 介入 (kainyuu)
- Meaning: Intervention, involvement (often more official or forceful).
Comparison: While both involve entering a situation, 介入 can be neutral or even necessary, like a mediator intervening in a dispute. 干渉 usually implies unwelcome or excessive meddling.
Example: 国際社会による紛争への介入 (kokusai shakai ni yoru funsou e no kainyuu - intervention by the international community in a conflict).
Example: 親の干渉が息子の人生を台無しにした。(Oya no kanshou ga musuko no jinsei o dainashi ni shita. - Parental interference ruined the son's life.) - 邪魔 (jama)
- Meaning: Hindrance, nuisance, obstacle.
Comparison: 邪魔 focuses on the act of obstructing or causing inconvenience. 干渉 is more about the act of meddling in someone's affairs. You might cause a 邪魔 by blocking a doorway, but you would express 干渉 if you constantly gave unsolicited advice.
Example: 会議の進行を邪魔するな。(Kaigi no shinkou o jama suru na. - Don't hinder the progress of the meeting.)
Example: 彼らの個人的な問題に干渉するのはやめよう。(Karera no kojinteki na mondai ni kanshou suru no wa yameyou. - Let's stop interfering in their personal problems.) - 口出し (kuchidashi)
- Meaning: Meddling, butt-in, unsolicited advice.
Comparison: This is a more informal and colloquial term for interfering, often by speaking out or giving opinions where they are not wanted. It's very similar to the interpersonal meaning of 干渉 but is less formal.
Example: 他人のことに口出しするのは失礼だ。(Tanin no koto ni kuchidashi suru no wa shitsurei da. - It's rude to butt into other people's affairs.)
Example: 彼の意見には干渉したくない。(Kare no iken ni wa kanshou shitaku nai. - I don't want to interfere with his opinion.) - 干渉波 (kanshouha)
- Meaning: Interfering wave, resultant wave from interference.
Comparison: This is a specific term used in physics. It's not an alternative for the interpersonal meaning of 干渉 but rather a direct application of the scientific meaning.
Example: 干渉波の強さを測定する。(Kanshouha no tsuyosa o sokutei suru. - To measure the intensity of the interfering wave.)
How Formal Is It?
"国家間の内政干渉は、国際法に抵触する可能性がある。"
"彼の度重なる干渉に、私はうんざりしていた。"
"なんでそんなに干渉してくるの？"
"お母さんはあなたの宿題に干渉したくないの。"
Dato curioso
The kanji 干 (kan) can also mean 'dry' (as in 干物 - himono, dried fish) or 'to interfere'. The dual meanings highlight how abstract concepts can emerge from concrete imagery. The 'shield' origin of 干 might paradoxically suggest a defense against interference, or perhaps a forceful intervention.
Guía de pronunciación
- Pronouncing 'shou' like 'shrew'.
- Putting the stress on the first syllable.
- Confusing the 'n' sound with an 'm' sound.
Nivel de dificultad
Recognizing the dual meaning is key. The interpersonal meaning is generally understood through context, but the scientific meaning requires specific vocabulary knowledge. CEFR B2 level is appropriate due to the abstract nature and dual usage.
Qué aprender después
Requisitos previos
Aprende después
Avanzado
Gramática que debes saber
The particle に (ni) is often used to indicate the target of interference: 〜に干渉する (ni kanshou suru).
彼は彼女の仕事に干渉しすぎた。
The verb する (suru) is commonly used with 干渉 to form the verb 'to interfere': 干渉する (kanshou suru).
他人の問題に干渉しないようにしよう。
The negative form 〜ない (nai) is used to express 'not interfering': 干渉しない (kanshou shinai).
私はあなたの決定に干渉しない。
The potential form 〜できる (dekiru) and its negative 〜できない (dekinai) can be used with the verb form: 干渉できる (kanshou dekiru - can interfere), 干渉できない (kanshou dekinai - cannot interfere).
政府は経済に干渉できる権限を持っている。
When referring to the scientific phenomenon, the noun form 干渉 (kanshou) is used, often with particles like の (no) to specify the type of interference: 光の干渉 (hikari no kanshou - light interference).
この実験では、音波の干渉を観察した。
Ejemplos por nivel
親は子供に干渉しますか？
Do parents interfere with their children?
This is a simple question using the verb form '干渉しますか？' (kanshou shimasu ka? - do you/they interfere?).
これは干渉ですか？
Is this interference?
A very basic question asking to identify something as interference.
干渉しないでください。
Please do not interfere.
'しないでください' (shinaide kudasai) is a polite negative command.
私の仕事に干渉しないで。
Don't interfere with my work.
A more direct command using the informal 'しないで' (shinaide).
光の干渉は美しい。
Light interference is beautiful.
Introduces the noun form '干渉' (kanshou) in a simple descriptive sentence.
波の干渉を見ました。
I saw wave interference.
Uses the noun form with the particle 'の' (no) to specify 'wave interference'.
それは干渉ですか？
Is that interference?
Simple question to identify a behavior.
干渉は良くない。
Interference is not good.
A simple statement about the negative nature of interference.
先生は生徒の私事に干渉しすぎない方がいい。
It's better for teachers not to interfere too much in students' personal matters.
Uses '〜しすぎない方がいい' (shisuginai hou ga ii - it's better not to do ~ too much).
隣人の干渉に迷惑しています。
I am bothered by my neighbor's interference.
Uses the noun form with the particle 'に' (ni) and the verb '迷惑しています' (meiwaku shite imasu - am bothered).
彼らの関係に干渉するつもりはない。
I have no intention of interfering in their relationship.
Uses '〜するつもりはない' (suru tsumori wa nai - have no intention of doing ~).
光の干渉の実験をしました。
We did an experiment on light interference.
Uses the noun form '干渉' with 'の' (no) and the verb '実験をしました' (jiken o shimashita - did an experiment).
この音は波の干渉で起こる。
This sound occurs due to wave interference.
Uses '〜で起こる' (de okoru - occurs due to ~).
両親の干渉が原因で喧嘩になった。
A quarrel occurred because of parental interference.
Uses '〜が原因で' (ga gen'in de - because of ~).
政治的な干渉は許されない。
Political interference is not permitted.
Uses the adjective form '政治的な' (seijiteki na - political) modifying '干渉'.
彼女は他人の意見に干渉しない。
She does not interfere with other people's opinions.
Uses the negative verb form '干渉しない' (kanshou shinai - does not interfere).
親の干渉が多すぎて、自分のやり方で物事を進められない。
There is too much parental interference, so I can't proceed with things in my own way.
Uses '〜すぎて' (sugite - too much) and '〜られない' (rarenai - cannot do).
この実験では、二つの光が干渉し合い、明るい縞と暗い縞が現れた。
In this experiment, two lights interfered with each other, and bright and dark fringes appeared.
Uses the verb '干渉し合い' (kanshou shiai - interfere with each other) and '現れた' (arawareta - appeared).
彼女は、他人の恋愛に干渉するのをやめるべきだ。
She should stop interfering in other people's romantic relationships.
Uses '〜のをやめるべきだ' (no o yameru beki da - should stop doing ~).
彼の突然の干渉で、計画は台無しになった。
The plan was ruined by his sudden interference.
Uses '〜で' (de - by) and '台無しになった' (dainashi ni natta - became ruined).
この装置は、音波の干渉を利用して騒音を打ち消す。
This device cancels noise by utilizing the interference of sound waves.
Uses '〜を利用して' (o riyou shite - by utilizing ~) and '打ち消す' (uchikesu - to cancel out).
上司の干渉が多すぎて、仕事に集中できない。
There is too much interference from my boss, so I can't concentrate on my work.
Uses '〜すぎて' (sugite - too much) and '〜できない' (dekinai - cannot do).
政治的な干渉なしに、自由に議論したい。
I want to discuss freely without political interference.
Uses '〜なしに' (nashi ni - without ~) and '自由に議論したい' (jiyuu ni giron shitai - want to discuss freely).
この絵は、光の干渉によって生まれる独特の色合いが特徴だ。
This painting is characterized by the unique colors created by light interference.
Uses '〜によって生まれる' (ni yotte umareru - created by ~) and '〜が特徴だ' (ga tokuchou da - is characterized by ~).
他国の内政への干渉は、国際法上の問題を引き起こす可能性がある。
Interference in the internal affairs of other countries may cause issues under international law.
Uses '〜上の問題を引き起こす可能性がある' (jou no mondai o hikiokosu kanousei ga aru - may cause issues under ~).
夫婦間の過度な干渉は、互いの自立心を損なう。
Excessive interference between a married couple damages their mutual independence.
Uses '過度な' (kado na - excessive) and '〜を損なう' (o sokonau - to damage/impair).
この物理現象は、二つの波の干渉パターンを観察することで理解できる。
This physical phenomenon can be understood by observing the interference pattern of two waves.
Uses '〜パターン' (patān - pattern) and '〜することで理解できる' (suru koto de rikai dekiru - can be understood by doing ~).
彼の度重なる干渉は、プロジェクトの進行を著しく遅らせた。
His repeated interference significantly delayed the project's progress.
Uses '度重なる' (tadutakaru - repeated) and '著しく遅らせた' (ichijirushiku okuraseta - significantly delayed).
学習者の主体性を尊重するため、教育現場では不必要な干渉を避けるべきだ。
To respect the learner's initiative, unnecessary interference should be avoided in educational settings.
Uses '学習者の主体性' (gakushuu-sha no shutaisei - learner's initiative) and '〜を避けるべきだ' (o sakeru beki da - should avoid ~).
音響工学では、波の干渉を利用してノイズキャンセリング効果を高めている。
In acoustic engineering, noise-canceling effects are enhanced by utilizing wave interference.
Uses '音響工学' (onkyou kou-gaku - acoustic engineering) and '〜効果を高めている' (kouka o takamete iru - is enhancing the effect).
親の過干渉が、子供の自立心を阻害しているという指摘がある。
There is a point that excessive parental interference is hindering the child's independence.
Uses '過干渉' (kankanshou - excessive interference) and '〜を阻害している' (o sogai shite iru - is hindering ~).
この光学現象は、二つの光波の干渉パターンを観察することで理解できる。
This optical phenomenon can be understood by observing the interference pattern of two light waves.
Uses '〜を観察することで' (o kansatsu suru koto de - by observing ~) and '干渉パターン' (kanshou patan - interference pattern).
他国への干渉は、国際的な信頼を失墜させるリスクを伴うため、外交政策においては極めて慎重な判断が求められる。
Interference in other countries carries the risk of losing international trust, therefore, extremely careful judgment is required in foreign policy.
Uses '〜を失墜させるリスクを伴う' (o shittsui saseru risuku o tomonau - carries the risk of causing a fall/loss) and '極めて慎重な判断が求められる' (kiwamete shinchou na handan ga motomerareru - extremely careful judgment is required).
夫婦間の過干渉は、個々の自律性を侵害し、結果として関係性の健全な発展を阻害する。
Excessive interference between spouses infringes upon individual autonomy and, as a result, hinders the healthy development of the relationship.
Uses '〜を侵害し' (o shingai shi - infringing upon) and '〜を阻害する' (o sogai suru - to hinder/obstruct).
量子力学における干渉は、粒子と波動の二重性を示唆する興味深い現象である。
Interference in quantum mechanics is an interesting phenomenon that suggests the duality of particles and waves.
Uses '〜を示唆する' (o shisa suru - suggests) and '二重性' (nijusei - duality).
組織内の官僚的な干渉は、イノベーションの芽を摘み取り、組織全体の活力を削ぐ。
Bureaucratic interference within an organization stifles the bud of innovation and saps the vitality of the entire organization.
Uses '官僚的な干渉' (kanryouteki na kanshou - bureaucratic interference), '〜の芽を摘み取り' (no me o tsumitori - to nip the bud of ~), and '活力を削ぐ' (katsuryoku o sosogu - to sap vitality).
芸術教育においては、指導者による過度な干渉を避け、創造性の自由な発露を促すことが肝要である。
In art education, it is essential to avoid excessive interference by instructors and to promote the free expression of creativity.
Uses '〜を避け' (o sake - avoiding ~) and '〜を促すことが肝要である' (o unagasu koto ga kan'you de aru - it is essential to promote ~).
ホログラフィーは、光の干渉を利用して三次元の像を記録・再生する技術である。
Holography is a technology that records and reproduces three-dimensional images by utilizing the interference of light.
Uses '〜を記録・再生する技術' (o kiroku saisei suru gijutsu - technology that records and reproduces ~).
家庭環境における親の過干渉は、子供の自己肯定感の形成に長期的な負の影響を与えかねない。
Excessive parental interference in the home environment can have a long-term negative impact on the formation of a child's self-esteem.
Uses '〜に長期的な負の影響を与えかねない' (ni choukiteki na fu no eikyou o ataekanai - can have a long-term negative impact on ~).
現代社会における情報干渉は、個人の意思決定プロセスに複雑な影響を及ぼす。
Information interference in modern society has a complex impact on an individual's decision-making process.
Uses '情報干渉' (jouhou kanshou - information interference) and '〜に複雑な影響を及ぼす' (ni fukuzatsu na eikyou o oyobosu - has a complex impact on ~).
主権国家間の内政干渉は、国際秩序の根幹を揺るがしかねないデリケートな問題であり、その判断は極めて重い。
Interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states is a delicate issue that can shake the foundations of the international order, and its judgment is extremely grave.
Uses '主権国家間' (shuken kokkakan - between sovereign states), '国際秩序の根幹を揺るがしかねない' (kokusai chitsujo no konkan o yurugasukanai - can shake the foundations of the international order), and '極めて重い' (kiwamete omoi - extremely grave).
心理学的には、共依存関係における過干渉は、健全な自己発達を妨げるだけでなく、関係性そのものの持続可能性をも脅かす。
Psychologically, excessive interference in codependent relationships not only hinders healthy self-development but also threatens the sustainability of the relationship itself.
Uses '共依存関係' (kyouizon kankei - codependent relationship), '〜だけでなく〜をも脅かす' (dake de naku ~ o mo obiyakasu - not only ~ but also threatens ~), and '持続可能性' (jizoku kanousei - sustainability).
波動光学における干渉現象の理解は、レーザー技術や光通信システムの開発に不可欠な基盤となっている。
The understanding of interference phenomena in wave optics has become an indispensable foundation for the development of laser technology and optical communication systems.
Uses '波動光学' (hadou kou-gaku - wave optics), '不可欠な基盤' (fukaketsu na kiban - indispensable foundation).
政党間の政策干渉は、しばしば政治的駆け引きの道具として用いられ、本来の目的を見失わせる。
Policy interference between political parties is often used as a tool for political maneuvering, causing the original objectives to be lost sight of.
Uses '政策干渉' (seisaku kanshou - policy interference), '政治的駆け引き' (seijiteki kakehiki - political maneuvering), and '〜を見失わせる' (o miushinawaseru - to cause to lose sight of ~).
教育現場における過度な干渉は、学習者の主体性を奪い、創造的な思考力を涵養する機会を著しく制限する。
Excessive interference in educational settings deprives learners of their initiative and significantly limits opportunities to cultivate creative thinking skills.
Uses '学習者の主体性' (gakushuu-sha no shutaisei - learner's initiative), '創造的な思考力' (souzouteki na shikouryoku - creative thinking skills), and '〜を著しく制限する' (o ichijirushiku seigen suru - significantly limits ~).
干渉計を用いた高精度の計測は、物質の微細構造解析や宇宙物理学における遠方天体の観測に貢献している。
High-precision measurements using interferometers contribute to the analysis of the fine structure of matter and the observation of distant celestial bodies in astrophysics.
Uses '高精度の計測' (kou-seido no keisoku - high-precision measurements) and '〜に貢献している' (ni kouken shite iru - is contributing to ~).
現代の情報化社会においては、意図的な情報干渉が世論操作の手段として用いられる危険性が指摘されている。
In the information-oriented society of today, the danger that intentional information interference is used as a means of public opinion manipulation has been pointed out.
Uses '情報化社会' (jouhouka shakai - information-oriented society), '意図的な情報干渉' (itoteki na jouhou kanshou - intentional information interference), and '世論操作の手段' (yoron sousa no shudan - means of public opinion manipulation).
文化交流における摩擦は、相互理解を深めるための建設的な対話を通じて、干渉ではなく共生へと昇華されうる。
Friction in cultural exchange can be sublimated into coexistence rather than interference, through constructive dialogue to deepen mutual understanding.
Uses '摩擦' (masatsu - friction), '相互理解を深める' (sougo rikai o fukameru - to deepen mutual understanding), '建設的な対話' (kensetsuteki na taiwa - constructive dialogue), and '〜へと昇華されうる' (e to shouka sareuru - can be sublimated into ~).
Colocaciones comunes
Frases Comunes
— Please do not interfere. This is a polite request to stop someone from meddling.
私の仕事に干渉しないでください。自分でできます。
— Interfering too much. This describes excessive or unwanted meddling.
親の干渉しすぎで、子供が息苦しさを感じている。
— Without interference. This describes a situation where there is no meddling.
自由な環境で、干渉のない議論を行いたい。
— Properties of interfering waves. This is a scientific phrase used in physics.
干渉波の性質を理解することは、光学の基本です。
— The principle of interference. This refers to the scientific concept.
この現象は干渉の原理で説明できます。
— To be interfered with or affected by interference. This can apply to both interpersonal and technical contexts.
この精密機器は、外部の電磁波から干渉を受けることがある。
— To avoid interference. This is a decision to stay out of others' affairs.
人間関係を円滑にするために、できるだけ他人のことに干渉を避けるようにしている。
— To measure with an interferometer. This is a specific scientific action.
この装置は干渉計で測定されたデータに基づいています。
— To see interference colors. This refers to observing the colors produced by light interference.
水面に油が浮いていて、美しい干渉色が見えた。
— To try not to interfere. This is an effort to avoid meddling.
友人との関係を大切にするために、干渉しないように心がけている。
Se confunde a menudo con
介入 means intervention and can be neutral or even positive, like a mediator's involvement. 干渉 typically implies unwelcome meddling. While related, the nuance is different.
邪魔 means hindrance or nuisance. It focuses on obstructing or causing inconvenience, whereas 干渉 is about meddling in affairs.
お節介 refers to being nosy or meddlesome, often with good intentions but unwelcome results. It's similar to the interpersonal meaning of 干渉 but emphasizes the 'nosy' aspect and is more informal.
Modismos y expresiones
— To refrain from interfering; to consciously decide not to get involved. It implies a deliberate choice to stay out of someone's business.
彼の個人的な問題だから、今は干渉しないでおこうと思った。
Informal/Neutral— To attempt to interfere; to try to meddle. This emphasizes the intention or effort to get involved.
彼女は、いつも人の話に干渉しようとする癖がある。
Informal/Negative— To refuse interference; to reject unwanted involvement. This is a direct way of stating one's boundaries.
親からの過度な干渉は、はっきりと断る必要がある。
Neutral/Formal— There is no room for interference; the situation is already decided or too complex to meddle in.
このプロジェクトは最終段階に入っており、今から干渉の余地はない。
Neutral/Formal— Kindness disguised as interference. This refers to actions that are presented as helpful but are actually intrusive or controlling.
彼の親切は、しばしば干渉という名の親切に聞こえる。
Slightly Negative/Observational— Interference zone or band. In physics, this can refer to a region where waves interfere.
この実験では、干渉帯の幅を測定した。
Scientific— Interference signal. In electronics or telecommunications, this refers to unwanted signals that disrupt communication.
無線通信では、干渉信号の除去が重要となる。
Technical— Interference fringes. These are the alternating bright and dark bands observed in interference patterns.
ヤングの実験では、明瞭な干渉縞が得られる。
Scientific— To cause interference. This can refer to intentionally or unintentionally causing meddling or wave interaction.
彼の不用意な発言が、会議で不要な干渉を引き起こした。
Neutral/Negative— A state of non-interference. This describes a situation free from meddling.
研究者は、干渉のない状態で実験を進めたいと願っている。
Neutral/ScientificFácil de confundir
Both words involve entering a situation that might not directly concern the person.
介入 often implies a more official, forceful, or sometimes necessary action, like a peacekeeping force intervening in a conflict. 干渉, on the other hand, usually carries a negative connotation of unwanted meddling or excessive involvement in personal or internal affairs.
The UN's **intervention** (介入) in the crisis was seen as necessary, but a neighbor's **interference** (干渉) in a couple's argument is usually unwelcome.
Both can describe actions that disrupt others.
邪魔 refers to causing a physical or situational obstacle or inconvenience. It's about blocking progress or creating a nuisance. 干渉, however, is specifically about meddling in someone's personal affairs, decisions, or business, often unsolicited.
Don't **hinder** (邪魔) my work by making noise. My boss's constant **interference** (干渉) in my project is frustrating.
Both refer to unwanted involvement, especially in personal matters.
口出し is a more informal and colloquial term, often implying butting in by speaking or giving unsolicited opinions. 干渉 is broader and can include actions beyond just speaking, and it can be used in more formal contexts like international relations. While similar in the interpersonal sense, 干渉 is generally more formal and can describe a wider range of intrusive actions.
It's rude to **butt in** (口出し) on other people's conversations. His **meddling** (干渉) in my personal life is unacceptable.
Both relate to unwanted involvement in others' lives.
お節介 specifically describes someone who is nosy or overly concerned with other people's affairs, often with the intention of being helpful but resulting in unwelcome intrusion. 干渉 is a more general term for interference, which can be intentional, malicious, or simply excessive, and it applies to both personal and abstract (like wave) contexts.
She's always offering advice; her **nosiness** (お節介) gets on my nerves. The government's **interference** (干渉) in the economy is causing problems.
They share the same kanji and sound.
干渉波 is a specific scientific term meaning 'interfering wave' or 'resultant wave from interference'. It is exclusively used in physics and related fields. 干渉, when used in a general context, refers to meddling in affairs.
The **interfering wave** (干渉波) created a complex pattern. His constant **interference** (干渉) in my decisions is unbearable.
Patrones de oraciones
〜の干渉が〜。
親の干渉が多すぎる。
〜に干渉する。
友達の秘密に干渉しない。
〜すぎる干渉。
上司からの干渉が多すぎる。
〜によって干渉が起こる。
光の干渉によって模様ができる。
〜への干渉は〜。
内政への干渉は問題だ。
〜を干渉するのを避ける。
他人の問題に干渉するのを避ける。
〜を干渉するリスクを伴う。
他国への干渉は、信頼を失うリスクを伴う。
〜の干渉によって〜が説明できる。
この現象は波の干渉によって説明できる。
Familia de palabras
Sustantivos
Verbos
Adjetivos
Relacionado
Cómo usarlo
High in both everyday conversation (negative connotation) and scientific contexts.
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Using 干渉 for positive help or advice.
→
Using words like 助言 (jogen - advice) or 協力 (kyouryoku - cooperation).
干渉 typically implies unwanted or excessive involvement. Describing helpful actions with this word would be incorrect and could be offensive. For example, a teacher helping a student is not 干渉.
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Confusing 干渉 with 介入 (kainyuu) or 邪魔 (jama).
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Distinguishing based on context: 介入 for official intervention, 邪魔 for hindrance/obstacle, and 干渉 for meddling in affairs.
While all involve entering or affecting a situation, the nuance is key. 介入 can be neutral/necessary, 邪魔 is about obstruction, and 干渉 is specifically about unwanted involvement in someone's business.
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Applying the interpersonal meaning to scientific contexts.
→
Recognizing that in physics, 干渉 refers to wave interaction.
Describing wave superposition as 'meddling' would be scientifically inaccurate and nonsensical. Always consider whether the context is about people's actions or scientific phenomena.
-
Using 干渉 too casually in formal settings.
→
Using more formal terms like 介入 (kainyuu) for official intervention or phrasing carefully.
While 干渉 is used in formal contexts like international politics, in general formal conversation, overuse might sound overly critical or informal depending on the specific situation.
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Not recognizing the negative connotation in interpersonal contexts.
→
Understanding that 干渉 implies unwanted involvement and using it to express displeasure or criticism.
If someone is complaining about another person's actions, calling it 干渉 is usually appropriate to convey that the actions were intrusive and unwelcome.
Consejos
Look for Surrounding Words
When you encounter 干渉, pay close attention to the words around it. If you see terms related to personal relationships, family, politics, or unwanted actions, it likely means meddling. If the context is physics, waves, light, or sound, it refers to wave interaction.
People vs. Physics
Remember the two main categories: human affairs (negative, meddling) and wave phenomena (neutral, scientific). This clear distinction will help you interpret the word correctly in most situations.
Common Verb: する
The most common way to use 干渉 as a verb is with する (suru), forming 干渉する (kanshou suru), meaning 'to interfere'. You'll also frequently see it in its negative form, 干渉しない (kanshou shinai), meaning 'not to interfere'.
Generally Negative for People
When used to describe human actions, 干渉 usually implies something negative—unwelcome involvement or meddling. Be cautious when using it, as it can sound critical.
Neutral in Science
In physics, 干渉 is a purely descriptive term for wave interaction. It's not inherently good or bad, but a fundamental scientific principle.
Consider Alternatives
For interpersonal interference, words like 口出し (kuchidashi) or お節介 (os sekkai) might be more informal. For official actions, 介入 (kainyuu) is often used. Knowing these alternatives helps you choose the most appropriate word.
Create Your Own Sentences
Try writing sentences that use 干渉 in both its personal and scientific meanings. This active recall will solidify your understanding and help you remember the nuances.
Master the Pronunciation
Pay attention to the stress on the second syllable (kan-SHOU) and the distinct 'shou' sound. Practicing pronunciation helps in both speaking and listening comprehension.
Cultural Context Matters
In Japanese culture, maintaining harmony is important. While direct interference is frowned upon, subtle forms of influence or 'concern' can sometimes blur the lines. Understanding this can provide deeper insight into why certain discussions about 干渉 arise.
Learn Related Vocabulary
Familiarize yourself with related terms like 干渉波 (kanshouha - interfering wave), 干渉計 (kanshoukei - interferometer), and the antonyms like 協力 (kyouryoku - cooperation) and 独立 (dokuritsu - independence) to build a richer vocabulary network.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Imagine a 'can' (kan) of worms being opened (shou - sounds like 'show') by someone interfering. The 'can of worms' is a metaphor for a complicated problem, and the interference makes it worse. Or, think of waves (like ocean waves) 'can' (kan) 'show' (shou) interference patterns.
Asociación visual
Picture a person's hand reaching into a closed box (representing someone's affairs) with a big red 'X' over it. The hand represents interference. For the physics meaning, visualize two ripples on water colliding and creating a new pattern.
Word Web
Desafío
Try to use 干渉 in a sentence describing a time someone interfered in your life, and then in a sentence describing wave interference in a science context. Compare the two uses.
Origen de la palabra
The kanji 干 (kan) originally depicted a shield or protection, but in this context, it evolved to represent 'dry' or 'interfere'. 渉 (shou) means 'to cross over' or 'to travel across'. Together, they suggest 'crossing over' to interfere or meddle.
Significado original: The literal meaning of the kanji combination relates to crossing over and interfering.
Sino-Xenic (derived from Chinese)Contexto cultural
When using 干渉 to describe personal interactions, be mindful of the negative connotations. It's a strong word that implies a breach of boundaries. In scientific contexts, it's a neutral, descriptive term.
In English-speaking cultures, 'interference' is also generally negative, but the specific nuances can differ. 'Meddling' is more informal and implies curiosity or nosiness, while 'intervention' can be more formal and official. The physics meaning is directly equivalent.
Practica en la vida real
Contextos reales
Family disputes or advice-giving.
- 親の干渉 (oya no kanshou)
- 干渉しないでください (kanshou shinaide kudasai)
- 干渉しすぎ (kanshou shi sugi)
International relations and politics.
- 内政干渉 (naisei kanshou)
- 政治的干渉 (seijiteki kanshou)
- 他国への干渉 (takoku e no kanshou)
Workplace dynamics and management.
- 上司の干渉 (joushi no kanshou)
- 干渉を受けない (kanshou o ukenai)
Physics and science education.
- 光の干渉 (hikari no kanshou)
- 波の干渉 (nami no kanshou)
- 干渉計 (kanshoukei)
Describing personal boundaries.
- 干渉を避ける (kanshou o sakeru)
- 干渉しないようにする (kanshou shinai you ni suru)
Inicios de conversación
"最近、誰かの干渉で困ったことはありますか？"
"あなたの国では、他国の内政干渉についてどう考えられていますか？"
"物理の授業で、波の干渉について学んだことはありますか？"
"親や家族からの干渉について、どう思いますか？"
"仕事で、上司からの干渉が多すぎると感じたことはありますか？"
Temas para diario
最近、あなたが誰かの affairs に干渉してしまった、あるいは誰かがあなたの affairs に干渉してきた経験について書いてください。その時の感情と、もしやり直せるとしたらどうしたいかを記述してください。
物理学における「干渉」の概念について、あなたが理解していることを自分の言葉で説明してください。日常生活で、この概念がどのように応用されているか例を挙げてください。
あなたが「干渉されたくない」と感じる個人的な領域は何ですか？ その理由と、どのように干渉を避けたいかを具体的に書いてください。
もしあなたが国のリーダーだったら、他国への干渉についてどのような政策をとりますか？ その理由と、考えられる結果について考察してください。
あなたの周りで起こっている、あるいはニュースで見た「干渉」の事例について、それが良いものか悪いものか、その理由とともに分析してください。
Preguntas frecuentes
10 preguntas干渉 (kanshou) generally refers to unwanted meddling or interference in someone's personal affairs or internal matters, often with negative connotations. 介入 (kainyuu), on the other hand, means 'intervention' and can be more neutral or even necessary, such as a mediator intervening in a dispute or a country intervening in a humanitarian crisis. Think of 干渉 as 'butting in' and 介入 as 'stepping in'.
When referring to people's actions, 干渉 almost always carries a negative connotation of unwelcome meddling. However, in physics, the 'interference' of waves (干渉) is a neutral scientific phenomenon that can lead to both constructive (reinforcing) and destructive (canceling) effects, which can be harnessed for beneficial technological applications.
The context is crucial. If the surrounding words are about relationships, politics, personal space, or unwanted involvement, it's about meddling. If the discussion involves waves, light, sound, optics, or physics experiments, it's about wave interaction.
Yes, you can use polite forms like 「干渉しないでください」 (kanshou shinaide kudasai). For a softer approach, you might say something like 「ご迷惑をおかけしたくないのですが…」 (Gomeiwaku o okake shitakunai no desu ga... - I don't want to cause you trouble, but...) or express your desire for autonomy, e.g., 「自分のことは自分で決めたいです」 (Jibun no koto wa jibun de kimetai desu - I want to decide things for myself).
Learners might confuse 干渉 with similar words like 介入 (kainyuu) or 邪魔 (jama), not grasping the specific nuance of 'unwanted meddling'. They might also incorrectly use it in contexts where helpful advice is being given, as 干渉 is typically negative. Forgetting the distinct scientific meaning is another potential error.
An example of 'excessive interference' (過度な干渉 - kado na kanshou) would be a parent constantly checking their adult child's every decision, from their career choices to their social life, offering unsolicited advice and criticizing their choices, thereby hindering their independence.
'Political interference' (政治的干渉 - seijiteki kanshou) refers to actions by one country, political group, or external entity that attempt to influence the internal affairs or political processes of another country or entity, often in an unauthorized or unwelcome manner.
Wave interference is observed when two or more waves overlap. In light interference, this can create patterns of bright and dark bands called interference fringes (干渉縞 - kanshoujima), as seen in experiments like Young's double-slit experiment. In sound, it can lead to areas of louder and quieter sound.
An interferometer (干渉計 - kanshoukei) is a scientific instrument that uses the principle of interference, typically of light waves, to make extremely precise measurements. It's used in fields like metrology, astronomy, and material science.
Yes, similar concepts in English include 'meddling', 'interfering', 'butting in', 'nosiness', and 'unwelcome involvement'. The specific English word chosen often depends on the level of formality and the precise nature of the intrusion.
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Summary
干渉 (kanshou) has two main meanings: unwelcome meddling in affairs (personal, political) and the scientific interaction of waves. Always consider the context to differentiate.
- 干渉 (kanshou) is about meddling or wave interaction.
- Use it for unwanted interference in personal or political matters.
- Also used in physics for wave superposition.
- Context is key to understanding its meaning.
Look for Surrounding Words
When you encounter 干渉, pay close attention to the words around it. If you see terms related to personal relationships, family, politics, or unwanted actions, it likely means meddling. If the context is physics, waves, light, or sound, it refers to wave interaction.
People vs. Physics
Remember the two main categories: human affairs (negative, meddling) and wave phenomena (neutral, scientific). This clear distinction will help you interpret the word correctly in most situations.
Common Verb: する
The most common way to use 干渉 as a verb is with する (suru), forming 干渉する (kanshou suru), meaning 'to interfere'. You'll also frequently see it in its negative form, 干渉しない (kanshou shinai), meaning 'not to interfere'.
Generally Negative for People
When used to describe human actions, 干渉 usually implies something negative—unwelcome involvement or meddling. Be cautious when using it, as it can sound critical.
Ejemplo
他国の内政に干渉してはならない。
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