결근 en 30 segundos
- 결근 (gyeolgeun) means absence from work.
- It's a noun used when someone doesn't go to their job.
- Opposite of 출근 (chulgeun - coming to work).
- Used in workplace contexts for sick leave, unexcused absences, etc.
The Korean word '결근' (gyeolgeun) is a noun that directly translates to 'absence from work' or 'not being present at work'. It's a straightforward term used in professional and academic contexts to describe when someone is supposed to be at their workplace or school but is not. This can be for various reasons, including illness, personal emergencies, or sometimes unexcused reasons. Understanding '결근' is essential for navigating workplace communication and policies in Korea.
When someone is unable to attend work, they will often inform their supervisor or colleagues about their '결근'. It's a common term in daily life, especially for those who are employed. For instance, if an employee calls in sick, they are reporting their '결근' for that day. Similarly, if a student misses school without a valid reason, it could be considered '결근' in a more general sense, though '결석' (gyeolseok) is more commonly used for academic absence. The term carries a neutral tone, simply stating the fact of not being present.
The concept of '결근' is universal, but its specific implications can vary. In some workplaces, a single instance of '결근' might require a doctor's note, while in others, it might be more flexible. The word itself doesn't imply whether the absence is justified or not; it just signifies the act of not showing up. It's a term you'll frequently encounter in official documents, company policies, and casual conversations about work schedules and attendance. For example, a company might have a policy regarding the maximum number of '결근' days allowed per year without penalty.
It's important to distinguish '결근' from simply being late. '결근' implies a complete absence for the entire period of work or a significant portion of it. The opposite of '결근' would be '출근' (chulgeun), which means 'coming to work' or 'attendance'. Regularly reporting '결근' without a valid reason can lead to disciplinary actions in most employment settings. Therefore, when discussing work, '결근' is a key term to understand for proper communication.
Here's a simple breakdown: If you are scheduled to work and you do not go to work, that is '결근'. This is a fundamental concept in understanding workplace dynamics and professional responsibility. The term is widely understood and used across all sectors of employment in Korea. Learning this word will help you understand discussions about work attendance, sick leave, and other related topics.
- Usage Context
- Professional and academic settings, discussions about work attendance, sick leave, and unexcused absences.
- Part of Speech
- Noun
- CEFR Level
- A2
오늘 몸이 안 좋아서 결근했어요. (Today, I felt unwell, so I was absent from work.)
잦은 결근은 회사 규정에 어긋납니다. (Frequent absences from work go against company regulations.)
- Key Concept
- '결근' simply denotes the act of not being present at one's job or place of work when scheduled.
내일은 중요한 회의가 있어서 결근할 수 없어요. (Tomorrow, there is an important meeting, so I cannot be absent from work.)
Using '결근' (gyeolgeun) in sentences is quite straightforward, primarily functioning as a noun indicating absence from work. It can be used as the subject, object, or complement in a sentence, often accompanied by verbs like '하다' (hada - to do) or '하다' (hada - to be), or used with prepositions indicating the reason or consequence of the absence.
One common structure is '결근하다' (gyeolgeunhada), meaning 'to be absent from work'. This verb form is very frequently used. For example, '저는 어제 결근했습니다' (Jeoneun eoje gyeolgeunhaetseumnida) means 'I was absent from work yesterday'. You can also specify the reason for absence: '몸이 아파서 결근했어요' (Momi apaseo gyeolgeunhaesseoyo) - 'I was absent from work because I was sick'.
'결근' as a noun can be the subject of a sentence, often in discussions about attendance policies or records. For instance, '그의 잦은 결근은 문제가 되고 있습니다' (Geuui jajeun gyeolgeuneun munjega doego itseumnida) translates to 'His frequent absences from work are becoming a problem'. Here, '결근' is the subject modified by '잦은' (jajeun - frequent).
As an object, '결근' often appears with verbs indicating reporting or recording. For example, '오늘 결근 신고를 했습니다' (Oneul gyeolgeun singoreul haetseumnida) means 'I reported my absence today'. The phrase '결근 사유' (gyeolgeun sayu) means 'reason for absence', and it's common to hear or see this in official forms or discussions.
You might also hear phrases like '결근계를 제출하다' (gyeolgeun-gyereul jechulhada), which means 'to submit an absence report' or 'leave request form'. This is a more formal way to communicate an intended absence.
Consider these variations:
- Basic Sentence Structure
- Subject + [Reason] + 결근하다 (to be absent).
- Example
- 저는 감기에 걸려서 결근했습니다. (I caught a cold, so I was absent from work.)
- Using as a Noun (Subject)
- [Person's Name/Pronoun]의 잦은 결근은 문제가 됩니다. (Frequent absences by [Person's Name/Pronoun] are a problem.)
- Using as a Noun (Object)
- 이유 없이 결근하면 안 됩니다. (You shouldn't be absent from work without a reason.)
- Formal Context
- 결근계를 제출해 주세요. (Please submit an absence report.)
정당한 사유 없이 결근하는 것은 좋지 않습니다. (It is not good to be absent from work without a valid reason.)
그는 이번 달에 두 번의 결근이 있었습니다. (He had two absences from work this month.)
You'll encounter the word '결근' (gyeolgeun) in a variety of everyday situations in Korea, primarily related to employment and professional life. The most common place to hear it is in the workplace itself. Colleagues might discuss someone's absence, a manager might inquire about it, or it could be mentioned in team meetings regarding attendance. For instance, during a morning huddle, a team leader might say, '김대리님 오늘은 결근하셨나요?' (Kim daerinim oneureun gyeolgeunhasyeonnayo?) - 'Has Deputy Manager Kim been absent today?'
Another frequent context is when an employee needs to report their absence. This often happens over the phone or via a messaging app. You might hear someone saying, '사장님, 오늘 몸이 안 좋아서 결근하겠습니다.' (Sajangnim, oneul momi an joaseo gyeolgeunhagesseumnida.) - 'Boss, I don't feel well today, so I will be absent from work.' This is a direct and common usage.
Company announcements and official documents are also rich sources of '결근'. Policies regarding sick leave, unexcused absences, and attendance records will invariably use this term. For example, an HR department might issue a notice stating, '연속 3일 이상 결근 시, 사유서를 제출해야 합니다.' (Yeonsok sam-il isang gyeolgeun si, sayuseoreul jechulhaeya hamnida.) - 'If you are absent for more than three consecutive days, you must submit a statement of reason.'
In more casual conversations among friends or family who work, '결근' might come up when discussing work-related stress or plans. '오늘 너무 피곤해서 그냥 집에 있을까, 결근할까 고민했어.' (Oneul neomu pigonhaeseo geunyang jibe isseulkka, gyeolgeunhalkka gomimhaesseo.) - 'I was so tired today that I debated whether to just stay home and be absent from work.'
You might also hear it in discussions about job performance or reliability. If someone is consistently absent, others might remark, '그 사람 결근이 너무 잦아.' (Geu saram gyeolgeuni neomu jaja.) - 'That person's absences are too frequent.'
While '결근' specifically refers to work, the concept can sometimes extend to other scheduled events where absence is noted, though '결석' (gyeolseok) is preferred for school or meetings. However, in informal speech, you might hear it used more broadly to mean simply not showing up when expected for something important.
Here are some typical scenarios:
- Workplace Communication
- Colleagues discussing an absent coworker, managers checking attendance.
- Reporting Absences
- Employees informing their superiors about their inability to come to work.
- Company Policies
- HR documents, employee handbooks detailing rules about absence.
- Casual Conversations
- Friends or family discussing work-related issues, including absences.
- Performance Reviews
- Discussions about an employee's attendance record and its impact.
오늘 회사에 결근하는 사람이 많네요. (There are many people absent from work today.)
While '결근' (gyeolgeun) is a relatively straightforward word, learners might make a few common mistakes. One primary confusion arises from mixing it up with '결석' (gyeolseok). '결근' is specifically for absence from work, whereas '결석' is primarily used for absence from school, lectures, or meetings. Using '결근' for missing a class, for example, would sound unnatural. For instance, saying '오늘 학교에 결근했어요' (Oneul hakgyoe gyeolgeunhaesseoyo - I was absent from school today) is incorrect; it should be '오늘 학교에 결석했어요' (Oneul hakgyoe gyeolseokhaesseoyo).
Another potential pitfall is the overuse or underuse of the verb form '결근하다' (gyeolgeunhada). While '결근' itself is a noun, it's often used in conjunction with '하다' to form the verb 'to be absent'. Learners might sometimes just use '결근' where the verb is needed, or vice versa. For example, instead of saying '저는 어제 결근했어요' (I was absent yesterday), one might incorrectly say '저는 어제 결근했습니다' (I did yesterday absence) if they are trying to use it as a standalone noun without a proper verb. The correct form is the verb '결근하다'.
A third common mistake is not understanding the nuance between excused and unexcused absences. The word '결근' itself is neutral; it simply states the fact of absence. It doesn't inherently imply whether the absence was justified (like due to illness) or not. Learners might mistakenly assume that using '결근' implies a negative connotation or that it always requires a formal explanation. While it's often followed by a reason, the word itself is just descriptive.
Also, learners might confuse '결근' with simply being late. '결근' means missing work for the day or a significant part of it, not just arriving a few minutes past the start time. If someone arrives late, they are '지각' (jigak), not '결근'.
Finally, there's the issue of formality. While '결근' is used in both formal and informal work settings, using it in contexts completely unrelated to work or in very casual social settings might sound odd. For instance, telling a friend you are '결근' from a casual meetup would be unusual.
Here are some common mistakes to avoid:
- Mistake 1: Confusing '결근' and '결석'
- Using '결근' for school or meeting absences. It should be '결석'.
- Mistake 2: Incorrect Verb Usage
- Using '결근' as a verb directly when '결근하다' is required.
- Mistake 3: Assuming Negative Connotation
- Thinking '결근' always implies wrongdoing; it's a neutral term for absence.
- Mistake 4: Confusing with '지각' (Being Late)
- Using '결근' for simply arriving late to work.
- Mistake 5: Inappropriate Formality
- Using '결근' in social contexts unrelated to professional duties.
Incorrect: 오늘 수업에 결근했어요. (Today I was absent from class.)
Correct: 오늘 수업에 결석했어요. (Today I was absent from class.)
Understanding '결근' (gyeolgeun) is enhanced by comparing it with similar or related terms in Korean. The most direct contrast is '출근' (chulgeun), which means 'coming to work' or 'attendance'. While '결근' signifies absence, '출근' signifies presence. For example, '오늘 출근했어요?' (Did you come to work today?) is the opposite question of asking about absence.
As mentioned earlier, '결석' (gyeolseok) is a very similar word but used in a different context. '결석' means absence from school, lectures, meetings, or other scheduled events that are not primarily work-related. So, if you miss a university class, you '결석' (gyeolseok). If you miss your job, you '결근' (gyeolgeun). This distinction is crucial for accurate communication.
Another related term is '휴가' (hyuga), which means 'vacation' or 'leave'. This is a planned absence from work, usually approved in advance, and is distinct from '결근', which can be unplanned or unexcused. '저는 휴가를 내고 여행을 갈 거예요.' (I will take leave and go on a trip.) is different from '저는 몸이 아파서 결근했어요.' (I was absent from work because I was sick.)
'병가' (byeongga) specifically refers to 'sick leave'. This is a type of '휴가' but explicitly for when you are unwell. It's a formal and usually excused absence. So, if you're sick, you might take '병가', which results in '결근', but the reason is officially documented as a '병가'.
'지각' (jigak) means 'being late'. This is different from '결근' because it implies arriving at work after the scheduled start time, rather than not showing up at all. Someone who is '지각' is still present for work, albeit late.
In informal contexts, people might use phrases like '안 나갔어요' (an nagasseoyo - didn't go out) or '쉬었어요' (swieosseoyo - rested) to imply absence from work without explicitly using '결근', but these are less precise and depend heavily on context.
Here's a comparative table:
- Term
- Meaning
- 결근 (Gyeolgeun)
- Absence from work
- 출근 (Chulgeun)
- Coming to work, attendance
- 결석 (Gyeolseok)
- Absence from school, meetings, lectures
- 휴가 (Hyuga)
- Vacation, leave (planned absence)
- 병가 (Byeongga)
- Sick leave (specific type of leave)
- 지각 (Jigak)
- Being late for work/school
오늘은 몸이 안 좋아서 결근했지만, 내일은 출근할 예정입니다. (I was absent from work today because I felt unwell, but I plan to come to work tomorrow.)
How Formal Is It?
Dato curioso
The character '근' (勤) itself is related to the concept of 'hard work' and 'diligence'. When combined with '결' (缺), it specifically refers to the absence of this diligent attendance in a work context.
Guía de pronunciación
- Mispronouncing the 'eo' sound (e.g., saying 'gul' instead of 'geul').
- Not clearly pronouncing the final 'n' sound.
- Confusing it with similar-sounding words.
- Aspirating the initial 'k' sound too strongly.
- Applying English stress patterns.
Nivel de dificultad
The word '결근' is commonly found in texts related to work and daily life. Understanding its meaning and context is relatively straightforward for learners at the A2 CEFR level, especially when encountered in news articles, company announcements, or simple dialogues.
Qué aprender después
Requisitos previos
Aprende después
Avanzado
Gramática que debes saber
Using the verb '결근하다' in different tenses.
저는 어제 결근했습니다. (Past) / 저는 내일 결근할 것입니다. (Future)
Using '결근' as a noun with particles.
결근이 잦다. (Absences are frequent.) / 결근 사유를 말하다. (To state the reason for absence.)
Connecting reasons for absence using conjunctions.
몸이 아파서 결근했습니다. (I was absent because I was sick.)
Distinguishing between '결근' and '결석'.
학교에는 결석하고, 회사에는 결근합니다. (One is absent from school, and absent from work.)
Using honorifics when discussing absence.
팀장님께서는 오늘 결근하셨습니다. (The team leader was absent today. - honorific)
Ejemplos por nivel
오늘 몸이 안 좋아서 결근했어요.
I felt sick today so I was absent from work.
'결근했어요' is the past tense of '결근하다' (to be absent from work).
잦은 결근은 회사 규정에 어긋납니다.
Frequent absences from work go against company regulations.
'규정' means regulations, '어긋납니다' means goes against.
내일은 중요한 회의가 있어서 결근할 수 없어요.
Tomorrow there is an important meeting, so I cannot be absent from work.
'회의' means meeting, '있어서' means because there is.
정당한 사유 없이 결근하면 안 됩니다.
You should not be absent from work without a valid reason.
'정당한 사유' means valid reason, '없이' means without.
저는 어제 결근계를 제출했습니다.
I submitted an absence report yesterday.
'결근계' is an absence report, '제출했습니다' is the past tense of '제출하다' (to submit).
그의 잦은 결근은 문제가 되고 있습니다.
His frequent absences from work are becoming a problem.
'문제가 되고 있습니다' means is becoming a problem.
오늘 결근하는 사람이 많네요.
There are many people absent from work today.
'많네요' expresses mild surprise at the quantity.
이유 없이 결근하면 불이익이 있을 수 있습니다.
If you are absent from work without a reason, there may be disadvantages.
'이유' means reason, '불이익' means disadvantage.
개인적인 사정으로 인해 이번 주 금요일에 결근하게 되었습니다.
Due to personal reasons, I will be absent from work this Friday.
'개인적인 사정' means personal reasons, '~게 되었습니다' indicates a situation has come to be.
감기 몸살로 인한 결근은 병가 처리가 가능합니다.
Absences due to a severe cold can be processed as sick leave.
'감기 몸살' means severe cold/flu symptoms, '병가 처리' means processing as sick leave.
회사의 복무 규정에 따르면, 연속 3일 이상 결근 시에는 소명 자료를 제출해야 합니다.
According to the company's service regulations, if you are absent for more than three consecutive days, you must submit explanatory materials.
'복무 규정' means service regulations, '소명 자료' means explanatory materials/evidence.
그는 책임감이 부족하여 잦은 결근을 반복했습니다.
He lacked a sense of responsibility and repeatedly had absences from work.
'책임감' means sense of responsibility, '부족하여' means lacking.
오늘 오전에 예상치 못한 일이 발생하여 결근할 수밖에 없었습니다.
An unexpected event occurred this morning, so I had no choice but to be absent from work.
'예상치 못한 일' means unexpected event, '~할 수밖에 없었습니다' means had no choice but to.
결근 사유를 명확히 밝히지 않으면 징계 대상이 될 수 있습니다.
If the reason for absence is not clearly stated, you may be subject to disciplinary action.
'결근 사유' means reason for absence, '명확히 밝히지 않으면' means if not clearly stated, '징계 대상' means subject to disciplinary action.
이번 달에 이미 두 번의 결근이 있었기에 다음 주에는 꼭 출근해야 합니다.
I have already had two absences this month, so I must come to work next week.
'이미' means already, '꼭' means definitely/must.
부득이한 사정으로 인한 결근 시에는 반드시 사전에 통보해야 합니다.
In case of absence due to unavoidable circumstances, you must notify in advance.
'부득이한 사정' means unavoidable circumstances, '사전에 통보하다' means to notify in advance.
팀장의 승인 없이 이루어진 결근은 무단결근으로 간주되어 엄중한 징계를 받을 수 있습니다.
Absences made without the team leader's approval are considered unauthorized absences and may lead to severe disciplinary action.
'승인' means approval, '무단결근' means unauthorized absence, '엄중한 징계' means severe disciplinary action.
만성 질환으로 인한 잦은 결근은 장기적인 병가 신청으로 이어질 수 있습니다.
Frequent absences due to chronic illness can lead to an application for long-term sick leave.
'만성 질환' means chronic illness, '장기적인 병가 신청' means application for long-term sick leave.
회사는 직원의 결근율을 관리하기 위해 근태 관리 시스템을 도입했습니다.
The company has introduced an attendance management system to monitor employee absence rates.
'결근율' means absence rate, '근태 관리 시스템' means attendance management system.
개인적인 사유로 인한 결근은 연차 휴가를 사용하여 대체할 수 있습니다.
Absences due to personal reasons can be compensated by using annual leave.
'연차 휴가' means annual leave, '대체하다' means to substitute or compensate.
업무 공백을 최소화하기 위해 결근 시에는 업무 인수인계 절차를 철저히 준수해야 합니다.
To minimize work disruption, the handover procedure must be strictly followed in case of absence.
'업무 공백' means work disruption/gap, '업무 인수인계' means work handover, '철저히 준수하다' means to strictly adhere to.
그의 반복적인 결근은 팀의 사기를 저하시키는 요인이 되었습니다.
His repeated absences became a factor that lowered the team's morale.
'반복적인' means repetitive, '사기 저하' means lowering of morale.
코로나19 팬데믹 이후 원격 근무가 보편화되면서 결근의 개념도 변화하고 있습니다.
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, as remote work has become common, the concept of absence from work is also changing.
'원격 근무' means remote work, '보편화되면서' means as it became common.
결근으로 인한 업무 차질에 대해 책임을 통감하며 재발 방지를 약속드립니다.
I deeply regret the work disruption caused by my absence and promise to prevent recurrence.
'업무 차질' means work disruption, '책임을 통감하다' means to deeply feel responsibility, '재발 방지' means prevention of recurrence.
예상치 못한 법적 문제 발생으로 인해 불가피하게 결근하게 되었음을 알려드립니다.
We inform you that due to the occurrence of an unforeseen legal issue, absence from work has become unavoidable.
'법적 문제' means legal issue, '불가피하게' means unavoidably.
장기적인 결근은 개인의 경력 개발에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 복귀 시에도 적응의 어려움을 겪을 수 있습니다.
Long-term absence can have a serious impact on an individual's career development and may also cause difficulties in readjustment upon return.
'경력 개발' means career development, '복귀 시' means upon return, '적응의 어려움' means difficulty in adaptation.
회사의 복지 정책은 직원의 건강권을 보장하기 위해 결근 시에도 일정 수준의 급여를 지급하는 것을 포함합니다.
The company's welfare policy includes providing a certain level of salary even during absences to guarantee employees' health rights.
'복지 정책' means welfare policy, '건강권' means health rights, '일정 수준의 급여' means a certain level of salary.
전염병 확산 방지를 위한 정부 지침에 따라, 특정 증상 발현 시 결근 및 자가 격리가 권고됩니다.
In accordance with government guidelines for preventing the spread of infectious diseases, absence from work and self-quarantine are recommended if specific symptoms appear.
'전염병 확산 방지' means prevention of infectious disease spread, '자가 격리' means self-quarantine, '권고됩니다' means is recommended.
결근으로 인한 업무 공백을 메우기 위해 임시 인력을 투입하는 것은 단기적인 해결책일 뿐입니다.
Deploying temporary staff to fill the work gap caused by absence is merely a short-term solution.
'업무 공백을 메우다' means to fill a work gap, '임시 인력' means temporary staff, '단기적인 해결책' means short-term solution.
결근 사유에 대한 객관적인 증빙 자료가 부족할 경우, 인사팀은 해당 사안을 신중하게 검토할 것입니다.
If objective proof for the reason of absence is insufficient, the HR team will carefully review the matter.
'객관적인 증빙 자료' means objective supporting evidence, '신중하게 검토하다' means to review carefully.
그의 지속적인 결근은 동료들에게 과중한 업무 부담을 지우는 결과를 초래했습니다.
His continuous absences have resulted in placing an excessive workload on his colleagues.
'지속적인' means continuous, '과중한 업무 부담' means excessive workload, '초래했습니다' means resulted in.
회사에서는 직원들의 복지 증진을 위해 유연 근무제를 도입하고 결근에 대한 패널티를 완화하는 방안을 검토 중입니다.
The company is considering measures to improve employee welfare by introducing flexible work arrangements and easing penalties for absence.
'복지 증진' means improvement of welfare, '유연 근무제' means flexible work arrangement, '패널티 완화' means easing of penalties.
회사의 존폐를 위협하는 심각한 경영난 속에서도, 임직원들의 성실한 출근은 조직의 회생 가능성을 보여주는 희망의 징표였습니다.
Even amidst severe financial difficulties threatening the company's existence, the diligent attendance of executives and employees was a hopeful sign of the organization's potential for recovery.
'존폐를 위협하다' means to threaten existence, '경영난' means financial difficulties, '임직원' means executives and employees, '성실한 출근' means diligent attendance, '회생 가능성' means possibility of recovery, '희망의 징표' means sign of hope.
전통적인 근무 형태에서 벗어나 원격 근무 및 재택근무가 확산되면서, '결근'이라는 개념 자체의 사회적, 법적 해석이 재정립될 필요성을 시사합니다.
As remote work and work-from-home arrangements spread, moving away from traditional work forms, it suggests the need to redefine the social and legal interpretation of the concept of 'absence from work' itself.
'전통적인 근무 형태' means traditional work form, '재택근무' means work-from-home, '확산되면서' means as it spreads, '사회적, 법적 해석' means social and legal interpretation, '재정립될 필요성' means the necessity to redefine.
개인의 건강권과 노동권의 균형을 맞추기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 불가피한 결근에 대한 합리적인 보상 체계를 구축하는 것이 중요합니다.
As part of efforts to balance individual health rights and labor rights, it is important to establish a reasonable compensation system for unavoidable absences.
'노동권' means labor rights, '균형을 맞추다' means to balance, '합리적인 보상 체계' means reasonable compensation system.
만성적인 업무 스트레스와 번아웃으로 인한 결근은 개인의 정신 건강뿐만 아니라 조직 전체의 생산성에도 치명적인 영향을 미칠 수 있습니다.
Absences resulting from chronic work stress and burnout can have a devastating impact not only on an individual's mental health but also on the overall productivity of the organization.
'업무 스트레스' means work stress, '번아웃' means burnout, '정신 건강' means mental health, '치명적인 영향' means devastating impact.
원격 근무 환경에서의 '결근'은 물리적인 부재뿐만 아니라, 업무 수행 능력의 현저한 저하 또는 비협조적인 태도까지 포괄하는 개념으로 확장될 수 있습니다.
In a remote work environment, 'absence from work' can be extended to encompass not only physical non-presence but also a significant decline in work performance or uncooperative behavior.
'업무 수행 능력' means work performance ability, '현저한 저하' means significant decline, '비협조적인 태도' means uncooperative attitude, '포괄하는 개념' means an encompassing concept.
노동법 개정 논의에서, '결근'의 정의와 그에 따른 법적 책임을 명확히 하는 작업은 노동 시장의 공정성과 안정성을 확보하는 데 필수적입니다.
In the discussions for labor law revision, clarifying the definition of 'absence from work' and its corresponding legal responsibilities is essential for securing fairness and stability in the labor market.
'노동법 개정' means labor law revision, '법적 책임' means legal responsibility, '공정성' means fairness, '안정성' means stability.
회사의 장기적인 성장 동력을 유지하기 위해서는, 직원의 건강과 안녕을 최우선으로 고려하여 과도한 결근을 예방하는 선제적인 조치가 요구됩니다.
To maintain the company's long-term growth engine, proactive measures are required to prevent excessive absences by prioritizing employee health and well-being.
'성장 동력' means growth engine, '안녕' means well-being, '선제적인 조치' means proactive measures.
코로나19와 같은 전례 없는 위기 상황에서, '결근'은 단순한 개인의 문제를 넘어 사회적 안전망과 공중 보건 시스템의 복원력에 대한 시험대가 되었습니다.
In unprecedented crisis situations like COVID-19, 'absence from work' has become a test of the resilience of social safety nets and public health systems, beyond just individual issues.
'전례 없는 위기 상황' means unprecedented crisis situation, '사회적 안전망' means social safety net, '공중 보건 시스템' means public health system, '복원력' means resilience.
Colocaciones comunes
Frases Comunes
— I was absent from work today.
몸이 너무 안 좋아서 오늘 결근했어요.
— What is the reason for your absence?
결근 사유가 뭐예요? 보고서에 적어주세요.
— Frequent absences from work are not allowed.
잦은 결근은 회사 규정에 어긋납니다.
— You need to submit an absence report.
이틀 이상 결근할 경우, 결근계를 제출해야 합니다.
— Do not be absent from work without a valid reason.
정당한 사유 없이 결근하면 불이익이 있을 수 있습니다.
— Work is being disrupted due to absence.
김대리님의 결근으로 인해 업무에 지장이 있습니다.
— Unauthorized absence from work is prohibited.
무단결근은 금지되어 있으며, 엄중한 처벌을 받을 수 있습니다.
— He has been absent frequently this week.
그는 이번 주에 결근이 잦아서 걱정입니다.
— How is the absence processed?
오늘 결근 처리 어떻게 되나요? 연차로 처리해 주시겠어요?
— I plan to be absent from work.
내일 개인적인 일로 결근 예정입니다.
Se confunde a menudo con
'결석' refers to absence from school, meetings, or lectures, not work. '결근' is specifically for work absences.
'휴가' is a planned leave or vacation, which results in absence but is usually approved and distinct from an unexcused '결근'.
'지각' means being late, not absent altogether. '결근' implies a complete or significant absence from work.
Modismos y expresiones
— To take sick leave. This is a specific type of excused absence that leads to '결근'.
몸이 너무 안 좋아서 병가를 냈습니다.
Formal/Neutral— To use annual leave. This is a planned absence, which is a type of '휴가' that results in '결근' for that day.
다음 주에 연차 써서 쉬려고 합니다.
Neutral— To pretend to be sick (to skip work or school). This is an unexcused reason for '결근'.
그는 학교 가기 싫어서 꾀병을 부렸다.
Informal/Negative— To be unable to move or travel; to be stranded. This can be a reason for unavoidable '결근'.
폭설 때문에 고향에 돌아가지 못하고 발이 묶여서 결근할 수밖에 없었습니다.
Figurative/Neutral— Unavoidable circumstances. This is a common justification for '결근'.
피치 못할 사정으로 오늘 결근하게 되었습니다.
Formal/Neutral— Work gap or disruption. This is a consequence of '결근'.
그의 잦은 결근으로 인한 업무 공백이 큽니다.
Formal/Neutral— Evading responsibility. Frequent '결근' can be seen as this.
잦은 결근은 책임 회피로 간주될 수 있습니다.
Formal/Negative— To have body aches, often associated with flu or severe cold. This is a common reason for '결근'.
몸살이 심해서 결근했습니다.
Neutral— A valid or legitimate reason. Essential for excused '결근'.
정당한 사유가 있다면 결근계를 제출하세요.
Formal/Neutral— To receive a warning. This can be a consequence of '결근'.
무단결근으로 경고를 받았습니다.
NeutralFácil de confundir
Both words mean 'absence' and share the character '결' (lack/missing).
'결근' is exclusively used for absence from work. '결석' is used for absence from school, lectures, or meetings. For example, you '결석' from a class but '결근' from your job.
학생은 수업에 결석했지만, 직장인은 회사에 결근한다.
Both '결근' and '휴가' involve not being at work.
'휴가' is a planned and usually approved absence (like vacation or leave). '결근' is generally an unplanned or unexcused absence. Taking '휴가' results in being absent, but it's a formal process, unlike a spontaneous '결근'.
나는 다음 주에 휴가를 내고 여행 갈 것이다. (I will take leave next week and go on a trip.) vs. 몸이 아파서 오늘 결근했다. (I was absent today because I was sick.)
Both relate to not being at work on time.
'지각' means being late for work. '결근' means not showing up for work at all, or for a significant portion of the workday. You are '지각' if you arrive late, but you are '결근' if you don't come in.
지각하면 안 되고, 결근하면 더 안 됩니다. (You shouldn't be late, and it's even worse to be absent.)
'병가' is a reason for absence from work.
'병가' is specifically 'sick leave', a type of excused absence. '결근' is the general term for absence from work, which can be due to '병가' or other reasons (excused or unexcused). So, taking '병가' leads to '결근', but not all '결근' are due to '병가'.
몸이 아파서 병가를 냈고, 그래서 결근하게 되었다. (I took sick leave because I was sick, and therefore I was absent from work.)
'근태' refers to attendance and punctuality.
'근태' is a broader term encompassing both '출근' (attendance) and '지각' (lateness), as well as '결근' (absence). '결근' is a specific type of problematic '근태'.
그 직원은 근태가 불량하여 경고를 받았다. (That employee received a warning due to poor attendance, including absences and lateness.)
Patrones de oraciones
Subject + [Reason] + 결근하다.
저는 감기에 걸려서 결근했어요.
오늘 + 결근 + Noun (e.g., 명) + 이/가 + 많다.
오늘 결근하는 사람이 많네요.
Subject + [Reason] + 으로/로 + 결근하다.
개인적인 사정으로 결근하게 되었습니다.
잦은 결근 + 은/는 + 문제가 되다.
그의 잦은 결근은 문제가 되고 있습니다.
무단결근 + 은/는 + ~으로/로 간주되다.
무단결근은 무단이탈로 간주되어 징계를 받습니다.
결근 + 으로/로 인해 + Noun + 이/가 + 생기다/발생하다.
결근으로 인해 업무에 차질이 생겼습니다.
불가피하게 + 결근하다.
불가피하게 결근하게 되었음을 알려드립니다.
결근 + 에 대한 + Noun + 을/를 + 검토하다/준수하다.
결근에 대한 규정을 준수해야 합니다.
Familia de palabras
Sustantivos
Verbos
Relacionado
Cómo usarlo
High (in contexts related to employment)
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Using '결근' for school.
→
Using '결석' for school.
'결근' is strictly for work absence. '결석' is for school, meetings, or lectures. Saying '오늘 수업에 결근했어요' is incorrect; it should be '오늘 수업에 결석했어요'.
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Using '결근' as a verb directly.
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Using '결근하다' as the verb.
'결근' is a noun. To express the action of being absent, use the verb form '결근하다'. For example, 'I was absent yesterday' is '저는 어제 결근했습니다', not '저는 어제 결근했습니다'.
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Confusing '결근' with '지각'.
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Using '지각' for being late and '결근' for absence.
'지각' means arriving late to work. '결근' means not coming to work at all or for a significant period. They are distinct concepts.
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Assuming '결근' always implies wrongdoing.
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Understanding '결근' as a neutral term for absence.
The word '결근' itself simply means absence from work. Whether it's excused or unexcused depends on the reason and company policy. It doesn't inherently carry a negative connotation.
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Not distinguishing between planned and unplanned absence.
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Using '휴가' for planned leave and '결근' for unplanned absence.
'휴가' (leave/vacation) is a planned absence. '결근' often refers to an unplanned or unexcused absence. While both result in absence, their contexts and implications differ significantly.
Consejos
Distinguish '결근' from '결석'
Remember that '결근' is exclusively for work absences. For school, meetings, or lectures, use '결석'. This distinction is crucial for accurate communication.
Use the verb form '결근하다'
While '결근' is a noun, it's often used as a verb by adding '하다' (hada). So, instead of just saying 'I결근', say '저는 결근했습니다' (I was absent).
Understand Workplace Nuances
In Korea, consistent attendance is valued. Be aware that frequent or unexcused '결근' can have negative repercussions. Always report absences promptly and professionally.
Learn Related Terms
Expand your vocabulary by learning related words like '출근' (coming to work), '휴가' (leave), '병가' (sick leave), and '지각' (being late) to better understand workplace dynamics.
Connect to 'Key' and 'Desk'
Use the mnemonic 'key gone from desk' to remember that '결근' means absence from work. The 'key' (결) to your diligence is missing from your 'desk' (근).
Practice the 'eo' sound
The Korean vowel 'ㅓ' (eo) in '결근' can be tricky. Practice it as in 'but' or 'son' in English to pronounce it correctly.
Be Clear in Reports
When writing an absence report ('결근계'), clearly state the dates and reason for your '결근'. Professionalism is key.
Inform Promptly
If you need to '결근', inform your supervisor as soon as possible. Use polite and clear language.
Value Attendance
Understand that consistent attendance is highly regarded in Korean work culture. '결근' should generally be for valid, unavoidable reasons.
Contrast with '휴가'
Differentiate between a planned '휴가' (vacation/leave) and an unplanned '결근' (absence). While both result in not being at work, their implications and procedures are different.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Imagine a 'key' (결 - sounds like 'key') that is 'gone' (결 - also sounds like 'gone') from your 'desk' (근 - sounds like 'desk'). The key to your diligence is gone from your desk, meaning you're absent from work.
Asociación visual
Picture a clock with the hands missing, symbolizing a lack of time or attendance. Or, imagine a person's name tag on a desk with the name crossed out, indicating absence.
Word Web
Desafío
Try to describe a situation where you or someone else had to '결근'. Use the word at least three times in your description, explaining the reason and any consequences.
Origen de la palabra
The word '결근' is a Sino-Korean word, derived from Chinese characters. It is composed of two characters: '결' (缺) meaning 'lack', 'shortage', or 'missing', and '근' (勤) meaning 'diligence', 'industry', or 'attendance'.
Significado original: Literally, '결근' means 'missing diligence' or 'shortage of attendance'.
Sino-KoreanContexto cultural
While '결근' itself is a neutral term, the context surrounding it can be sensitive. Discussing someone's absence, especially if it's unexcused or frequent, should be done with discretion. Employees are generally expected to have valid reasons for absence, and frequent '결근' can impact their reputation and career progression.
In English-speaking cultures, the term 'absence from work' or 'taking a day off' is common. While similar in meaning, the Korean '결근' might carry a slightly stronger implication of a formal, often scrutinized, absence within a structured workplace hierarchy.
Practica en la vida real
Contextos reales
Reporting an Absence
- 몸이 안 좋아서 결근했습니다.
- 개인적인 사정으로 결근합니다.
- 오늘은 결근해야 할 것 같습니다.
Discussing Attendance Policies
- 잦은 결근은 문제가 될 수 있습니다.
- 결근 사유를 명확히 밝혀야 합니다.
- 무단결근은 엄격히 금지됩니다.
Workplace Announcements
- 결근 시에는 사전 통보 바랍니다.
- 연속 3일 이상 결근 시, 결근계를 제출하세요.
- 결근율을 낮추기 위한 노력이 필요합니다.
Explaining Consequences
- 결근으로 인해 업무에 차질이 생겼습니다.
- 결근 처리가 어떻게 되나요?
- 결근 사유를 소명해야 합니다.
Making Plans Around Absences
- 내일은 결근할 예정이니, 업무를 미리 봐주세요.
- 이번 주에 결근이 많아서 다음 주에는 꼭 출근해야 해요.
- 결근 대신 연차를 사용하고 싶습니다.
Inicios de conversación
"오늘 몸이 안 좋아서 결근할까 생각 중이에요. 어떻게 말하는 게 좋을까요?"
"제 친구가 회사에 자주 결근하는데, 괜찮을까요?"
"한국에서는 결근할 때 어떤 절차를 따라야 하나요?"
"만약 제가 아파서 결근하게 된다면, 회사에 어떻게 알려야 하나요?"
"결근으로 인해 업무에 문제가 생길까 봐 걱정돼요."
Temas para diario
Describe a time you had to be absent from work. What was the reason, and how did you communicate it?
Imagine you are a manager. How would you address an employee who has frequent absences from work?
What are the potential consequences of frequent '결근' in a Korean workplace? How might it affect your career?
If you were to take a planned leave of absence ('휴가'), how would you differentiate it from an unplanned '결근'?
Reflect on the importance of attendance in a professional setting. How does '결근' impact a team or company?
Preguntas frecuentes
10 preguntas'결근' (gyeolgeun) specifically refers to absence from work or one's job. '결석' (gyeolseok) refers to absence from school, lectures, meetings, or other non-work related scheduled events. So, you '결근' from your office, but you '결석' from your university class.
You can say '오늘 결근했습니다' (Oneul gyeolgeunhaetseumnida) in a formal tone, or '오늘 결근했어요' (Oneul gyeolgeunhaesseoyo) in a standard polite tone. If you are informing your boss, you might say, '사장님, 오늘 몸이 안 좋아서 결근하겠습니다' (Sajangnim, oneul momi an joaseo gyeolgeunhagesseumnida) - 'Boss, I don't feel well today, so I will be absent from work.'
Common reasons include illness ('몸이 아파서'), personal emergencies ('개인적인 사정'), family matters ('가족 문제'), or sometimes unexcused reasons. If the absence is planned and approved, it is usually termed '휴가' (leave) or '병가' (sick leave).
The word '결근' itself is neutral; it simply means absence from work. However, frequent or unexcused '결근' is generally viewed negatively in Korean workplaces and can lead to disciplinary actions. Excused absences, like sick leave with a doctor's note, are usually understood.
The direct opposite of '결근' (absence from work) is '출근' (chulgeun), which means 'coming to work' or 'attendance'. So, if you are not '결근', you are '출근'.
While '결근' means absence from work, for specific meetings or lectures, the word '결석' (gyeolseok) is more appropriate. For example, '회의에 결석했습니다' (I was absent from the meeting) is correct, not '회의에 결근했습니다'.
'무단결근' (mudangyeolgeun) means an unauthorized or unexcused absence from work. It implies not reporting the absence or not having a valid reason, and it often carries serious consequences.
In Korean, this is often referred to as '결근계 제출' (gyeolgeun-gye jechul). You would typically fill out a form or send an email/message to your supervisor or HR department stating your name, the dates of your absence, and the reason.
'결근' means not showing up for work at all, or for a significant part of the workday. '지각' (jigak) means being late for work, arriving after the scheduled start time but still coming to work.
In very informal settings, among close friends, someone might say '일 빠졌어' (il ppajyeosseo), meaning 'I skipped work'. However, '결근' is the standard and most appropriate term in any professional or semi-formal context.
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Summary
결근 (gyeolgeun) is a fundamental noun in Korean workplace vocabulary, signifying an employee's absence from their scheduled duties. It's crucial for understanding attendance policies, reporting absences, and discussing work-related matters.
- 결근 (gyeolgeun) means absence from work.
- It's a noun used when someone doesn't go to their job.
- Opposite of 출근 (chulgeun - coming to work).
- Used in workplace contexts for sick leave, unexcused absences, etc.
Distinguish '결근' from '결석'
Remember that '결근' is exclusively for work absences. For school, meetings, or lectures, use '결석'. This distinction is crucial for accurate communication.
Use the verb form '결근하다'
While '결근' is a noun, it's often used as a verb by adding '하다' (hada). So, instead of just saying 'I결근', say '저는 결근했습니다' (I was absent).
Understand Workplace Nuances
In Korea, consistent attendance is valued. Be aware that frequent or unexcused '결근' can have negative repercussions. Always report absences promptly and professionally.
Learn Related Terms
Expand your vocabulary by learning related words like '출근' (coming to work), '휴가' (leave), '병가' (sick leave), and '지각' (being late) to better understand workplace dynamics.
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