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A2 verb 8 min de lectura

기안하다

gianhada

Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos 기안하다 en 30 segundos

Explicación 기안하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '기안하다' is a very advanced word that you might not use yourself, but you might see it in office-themed stories. Think of it as a special way of saying 'to write a plan at work'. Even though A1 learners usually use simple words like '쓰다' (to write) or '만들다' (to make), knowing that '기안하다' exists helps you understand that Korean has different words for work. For now, just remember: 기안하다 = work writing. It is used when you make a plan on paper and show it to your boss. If you are a student, you don't '기안' your homework; you just 'do' it. But a person in a suit at a big company will '기안' a report. It's a 'serious' word for making a plan. You can imagine a person sitting at a computer in a tall building in Seoul, typing a plan for a new toy or a new phone. That person is '기안'ing. It is always about a plan for the future, not something that already happened.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more specific verbs for different situations. '기안하다' is a great word to learn if you want to talk about office life. It means 'to draft a proposal'. In Korean culture, when you want to do something at work, you have to write it down in a special format. This act is called '기안하다'. For example, if you want to have a team lunch, you might '기안' a request for money. You use the object marker '을/를' with this word: '계획을 기안하다' (to draft a plan). It is more formal than '작성하다'. When you use this word, people will think you have a very good professional vocabulary. You will mostly use it in the polite '-아요/어요' form as '기안해요' or the more formal '-습니다' form as '기안합니다'. It is important to know that this word is for the *beginning* of a process. You draft the plan, and then someone else says 'yes' or 'no'.

For B1 learners, '기안하다' becomes a functional part of your business Korean repertoire. You should understand that this verb is tied to the 'Gyeol-jae' (결재) system, which is the hierarchical approval process in Korean organizations. When you '기안' a document, you are the 'drafter' (기안자). You are not just writing; you are initiating a formal administrative action. This word is often found in complex sentences using connectors like '-기 위해' (in order to) or '-어서/아서' (because/and so). For example, '신제품 개발을 기안하기 위해 자료를 조사했습니다' (I researched data in order to draft a proposal for new product development). You should also distinguish it from '기획하다' (to plan/strategize). While '기획' is the idea phase, '기안' is the documentation phase. If you are working in a Korean office or preparing for the TOPIK II exam, this word is essential for the writing and listening sections related to company life.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the nuances and collocations of '기안하다'. You should know that it is frequently used with nouns like '공문' (official document), '품의서' (request for approval document), and '안건' (agenda). You should also be aware of the noun form '기안' and how it functions in phrases like '기안을 올리다' (to submit a draft for approval) or '기안을 검토하다' (to review a draft). At this level, you can use the word to describe complex administrative procedures. You might also encounter it in historical or legal contexts where a specific policy was 'drafted' by a certain committee. The passive form '기안되다' is also used when the focus is on the document itself, such as '이 계획은 지난달에 기안되었습니다' (This plan was drafted last month). Understanding this word helps you grasp the formal tone of Korean news articles and business reports, where precision in terminology is highly valued to reflect the professional nature of the content.

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At the C1 level, you should understand '기안하다' within the broader context of Korean public administration and corporate law. You should be able to discuss the legal implications of a '기안문' (drafted document) as a formal record of an organization's intent. C1 learners should also be able to compare '기안하다' with even more specialized terms like '입안하다' (to draft legislation) or '수립하다' (to establish a large-scale plan). You should recognize the word in high-level academic texts or government white papers. For instance, you might analyze how a specific policy was '기안'ed in response to social changes. You should also be familiar with the '기안-검토-협조-결재' (draft-review-cooperation-approval) workflow common in large bureaucratic structures. Using '기안하다' correctly in a C1 level discussion about organizational efficiency or administrative transparency shows a deep mastery of the socio-linguistic structures of the Korean professional world. You are expected to use it with advanced grammar like '-는 바이다' or '-에 의거하여'.

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At the C2 level, '기안하다' is a fundamental building block for discussing the philosophy of administration and governance. You should be able to critique the '기안' process itself—for example, discussing how the rigid nature of drafting and approval can hinder innovation in traditional Korean corporations. You would encounter this word in doctoral-level theses on public policy or in the memoirs of high-ranking officials discussing how they '기안'ed historical reforms. You should understand the subtle differences in tone when '기안하다' is used in different historical periods of Korean administration. Furthermore, you should be able to use the word in highly sophisticated rhetorical contexts, perhaps using it metaphorically to describe the 'drafting' of one's life or a nation's future in a literary sense. Mastery at this level involves not just knowing what the word means, but understanding the entire cultural and historical weight of the bureaucratic system it represents. You should be able to handle the word in any register, from the most archaic formal documents to modern electronic governance systems.

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Practícalo Ejemplos Notas y consejos

기안하다 en 30 segundos

A formal verb meaning to draft a proposal at work.
Used for documents that need official approval (결재).
Composed of Hanja roots meaning 'to start' and 'a plan'.
Essential for understanding Korean corporate and government culture.

The Korean verb 기안하다 (gi-an-ha-da) is a specialized term primarily used in professional, administrative, and corporate environments. At its core, it means 'to draft a proposal' or 'to draw up a plan' for formal approval. Unlike the general word for writing (쓰다) or the broader term for creating a document (작성하다), 기안하다 specifically implies the initial step in a bureaucratic process where an idea is formalized into a document to be reviewed by superiors.

Etymological Root: The word is composed of Hanja: 起 (기) meaning 'to rise' or 'to start', and 案 (안) meaning 'a plan' or 'a draft'. Thus, it literally means 'to start a plan'.
Professional Context: In a Korean office, you don't just 'write' a memo about a new project; you 기안 it. This process usually leads to a 결재 (formal approval/sign-off) system. If you are a junior employee, your task is often to 기안하다 the necessary documents for a manager's review.

신규 프로젝트를 위해 예산안을 기안하다.
To draft a budget proposal for the new project.

Understanding this word is crucial for anyone navigating the Korean workforce or watching K-dramas centered around office life, such as Misaeng. It represents the very beginning of the corporate 'paper trail'. When you 기안하다, you are taking responsibility for the initial logic and structure of a business move. It is a word that carries the weight of professional accountability.

팀장님, 제가 이번 행사 기획안을 기안했습니다.
Team leader, I have drafted the proposal for this event.

Usage in Public Administration: Government officials use this word daily. Every policy starts as a '기안문' (draft document). It implies a level of formality that '준비하다' (to prepare) lacks.

In essence, 기안하다 is the bridge between a thought and a formal corporate action. It is used when the stakes involve hierarchy and official records. You wouldn't use it for drafting a personal letter to a friend, but you would use it for drafting the charter of a new club or a formal petition.

회의록을 바탕으로 세부 계획을 기안하세요.
Please draft a detailed plan based on the meeting minutes.

By mastering this word, you demonstrate an understanding of Korean organizational culture. It shows you understand that business communication is not just about writing, but about the 'drafting and approval' cycle that keeps organizations running smoothly. Whether it is a marketing strategy, a request for equipment, or a new employee training program, it all starts with the act of 기안하다.

Using 기안하다 correctly requires placing it within a formal or semi-formal grammatical structure. Since it is a '하다' verb, it follows standard conjugation patterns but is almost exclusively paired with professional objects such as 문서 (document), 계획 (plan), or 안건 (agenda item).

Common Object Pairings: The most frequent objects are: 기안문을 기안하다 (to draft a draft document), 사업안을 기안하다 (to draft a business proposal), and 공문을 기안하다 (to draft an official public document).

김 대리는 매주 월요일마다 주간 보고서를 기안한다.
Assistant Manager Kim drafts a weekly report every Monday.

When describing the completion of a draft, the past tense 기안했다 is used. In a command or request context, especially from a superior to a subordinate, 기안해 주세요 or the more formal 기안하십시오 is appropriate. Note that because this is a professional term, you will rarely see it in the low-polite (해체) style unless coworkers are very close.

이 안건은 누가 기안했습니까?
Who drafted this agenda item?

Passive vs. Active: While '기안되다' exists (to be drafted), it is much more common to use the active '기안하다' even when the focus is on the document, by identifying the responsible party.

In complex sentences, 기안하다 often precedes clauses of purpose or result. For example, '결재를 받기 위해 기안하다' (to draft in order to get approval). This highlights the functional nature of the word—it is always done with a subsequent step in mind.

신규 채용 계획을 기안하여 부장님께 제출했습니다.
I drafted the new hiring plan and submitted it to the department head.

Furthermore, in digital office environments (Groupware), you will see buttons labeled 기안. Clicking this button initiates the electronic approval process. Understanding the sentence structure around this word helps you navigate both spoken office politics and digital work platforms in Korea.

You will hear 기안하다 in environments where hierarchy and formal documentation are paramount. Its usage is a hallmark of 'Office Korean'. If you are watching a drama like Misaeng (Incomplete Life) or Chief Kim, this word appears constantly as characters struggle with the meticulous process of getting their ideas approved by the higher-ups.

The Corporate 'Approval' Culture: In Korea, the 'Gyeol-jae' (결재) system is the backbone of business. 기안하다 is the starting gun of this process. You'll hear managers say, "이거 기안해서 올려" (Draft this and send it up), which is a standard instruction to begin the formal process of a project.

"어제 기안한 건은 어떻게 됐어?"
"What happened with the matter you drafted yesterday?"

In the public sector, 기안하다 is even more prevalent. Government workers (공무원) spend a significant portion of their time drafting official documents. When news reports discuss new government policies, they might say, "정부는 새로운 부동산 대책을 기안 중이다" (The government is currently drafting new real estate measures).

"이번 기획안은 제가 직접 기안하고 싶습니다."
"I would like to draft this proposal myself."

Another place you will encounter this is in legal settings. Lawyers or paralegals 기안 contracts or legal briefs. Universities also use it for administrative changes. Essentially, anywhere there is a 'paper trail' and a need for 'authorization', 기안하다 is the verb of choice. It signals that the speaker is talking about a serious, formal document that requires attention and usually a signature.

News and Media: When a company announces a new initiative, the press release might mention that the board of directors 'drafted' (기안하였다) the plan months in advance. It adds a layer of professional legitimacy to the action being described.

The most common mistake learners make with 기안하다 is using it in the wrong register or context. Because it is a highly formal term, using it for everyday tasks can sound unnatural. For example, saying you are 'drafting' a grocery list or a text message to a friend would be incorrect.

Register Mismatch: Mistake: "친구에게 보낼 편지를 기안하고 있어." (I'm drafting a letter to my friend.)
Correction: Use 쓰다 or 작성하다 for personal or general writing. 기안하다 requires a professional or official purpose.

❌ 점심 메뉴를 기안하다 (Drafting a lunch menu - too formal unless you are a professional chef for a company).
✅ 점심 메뉴를 정하다 (Deciding on a lunch menu).

Another error is confusing 기안하다 with 결재하다 (to approve). Remember that 기안하다 is what the subordinate does (the bottom-up process), while 결재하다 is what the boss does (the top-down process). You cannot '기안' your own approval.

Learners also sometimes confuse 기안하다 with 기획하다 (to plan/design). While related, 기획하다 is the cognitive process of coming up with a strategy or creative concept, whereas 기안하다 is the specific administrative act of putting that plan into a formal document for the approval system.

Confusing with '작성하다': While often interchangeable in office settings, '작성하다' is the act of physical writing/typing, while '기안하다' is the act of formal proposal. You can '작성' a form that doesn't need approval, but you only '기안' something that needs a green light.

❌ 숙제를 기안하다.
✅ 숙제를 하다/작성하다.

Finally, watch out for the spelling. It is 기안 (起案), not 기연 or 기안 with other vowels. Misspelling this in a professional email can undermine the very professionalism the word is meant to convey.

To truly master 기안하다, you must understand how it fits into the ecosystem of other Korean words related to planning and writing. Depending on the nuance you want to convey, one of these alternatives might be more appropriate.

작성하다 (To Write/Create a Document): This is the most common alternative. It is neutral and can be used for anything from reports to surveys. It doesn't necessarily imply a request for approval. Use this when the focus is on the physical creation of the document.
입안하다 (To Formulate/Draft a Bill or Policy): This is even more formal than '기안하다'. It is typically used in the context of legislation or high-level government policy. A lawmaker '입안's a bill. It implies the creation of the core idea of a law.
기획하다 (To Plan/Design): This focuses on the creative and strategic planning phase. You '기획' a concert or a marketing campaign. Once the '기획' is done, you then '기안' the document to get the budget for it.

Comparison:
1. 기획하다: The big idea (Strategic).
2. 기안하다: The formal proposal (Administrative).
3. 작성하다: The act of writing it down (General).

Other words include 고안하다 (to devise/invent), which is used for new inventions or methods, and 설계하다 (to design/blueprint), usually for architecture or complex systems. If you are just starting a draft in a very informal way, you might use 초안을 잡다 (to make a rough draft).

In a professional setting, choosing between 기안하다 and 작성하다 can change how your boss perceives your initiative. Saying "제가 기안해 보겠습니다" (I will draft a proposal) sounds much more proactive and professional than "제가 써 보겠습니다" (I will try writing it).

Summary of Hierarchy: Casual: 쓰다
Neutral: 작성하다
Professional: 기안하다
Legal/Policy: 입안하다

How Formal Is It?

Dato curioso

In ancient times, '案' (an) referred to a small table used for writing. So '기안' literally paints a picture of someone 'starting something at their writing table'.

Guía de pronunciación

UK ɡi.an.ɦa.da

US ɡi.an.ɦa.da

The stress is balanced across the syllables, but slightly more emphasis can be placed on 'gi' and 'an'.

Rima con

미안하다 (mi-an-ha-da - to be sorry) 편안하다 (pyeon-an-ha-da - to be comfortable) 제안하다 (je-an-ha-da - to suggest) 불안하다 (bul-an-ha-da - to be anxious) 치안하다 (chi-an-ha-da - to maintain public peace) 공안하다 (gong-an-ha-da - to be public/stable) 심안하다 (sim-an-ha-da - to be deep/careful) 문안하다 (mun-an-ha-da - to pay respects)

Errores comunes

Pronouncing 'gi' as 'ji'. It should be a hard 'g'.
Dropping the 'h' in 'ha', making it sound like 'gi-an-a-da'.
Nasalizing the 'an' too much like in French.
Pronouncing 'da' as 'the'.
Putting too much stress on the last syllable.

Nivel de dificultad

Lectura 3/5

The word itself is clear, but it often appears in complex professional sentences.

Escritura 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal document structures to use correctly.

Expresión oral 3/5

Easy to pronounce but requires the right formal context.

Escucha 3/5

Common in office dramas and news, easy to identify.

Qué aprender después

Requisitos previos

계획 (Plan) 문서 (Document) 작성하다 (To write) 회사 (Company) 보고서 (Report)

Aprende después

결재하다 (To approve) 반려하다 (To reject) 상신하다 (To submit up) 협조하다 (To cooperate) 품의하다 (To request a decision)

Avanzado

입안하다 (To draft a bill) 수립하다 (To establish a policy) 공표하다 (To officially announce) 시행하다 (To implement)

Gramática que debes saber

Honorifics with verbs (-하시다)

부장님께서 기안하셨습니다.

Purpose pattern (-기 위해)

승인을 받기 위해 기안합니다.

Causative pattern (-게 하다)

신입 사원에게 기안하게 하세요.

Passive pattern (-되다)

이 안건은 이미 기안되었습니다.

Noun modifying form (-ㄴ/은/는)

내가 기안한 문서.

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Ejemplos por nivel

저는 회사에서 계획을 기안해요.

I draft a plan at the company.

기안해요 is the polite present tense of 기안하다.

그는 보고서를 기안합니다.

He drafts a report.

-습니다 is the formal ending.

누가 이 계획을 기안해요?

Who drafts this plan?

누가 (who) is the subject.

우리는 매일 기안해요.

We draft every day.

매일 means every day.

이것은 제가 기안한 문서예요.

This is the document I drafted.

기안한 is the past participle modifying 문서.

빨리 기안하세요.

Please draft it quickly.

-(으)세요 is a polite command.

선생님이 계획을 기안했어요.

The teacher drafted a plan.

Past tense: 기안했어요.

회사에서 기안하는 것이 어려워요.

Drafting at the company is difficult.

-는 것 turns the verb into a noun phrase.

새로운 프로젝트를 기안해 보세요.

Please try drafting a new project.

-어 보다 means 'to try doing'.

회의 후에 기안문을 작성했어요.

I wrote the draft document after the meeting.

기안문 is the noun for a draft document.

부장님이 기안하라고 하셨어요.

The department head told me to draft it.

-라고 하다 is indirect speech for a command.

예산을 기안하는 법을 배워요.

I am learning how to draft a budget.

-는 법 means 'the way/method of'.

이 문서는 어제 기안되었습니다.

This document was drafted yesterday.

기안되다 is the passive form.

기안하기 전에 팀장님과 상의하세요.

Consult with the team leader before drafting.

-기 전에 means 'before doing'.

저는 문서 기안이 처음이에요.

This is my first time drafting a document.

기안 is used as a noun here.

컴퓨터로 기안하면 더 빨라요.

It's faster if you draft with a computer.

-(으)면 means 'if'.

신규 사업을 기안하기 위해 시장 조사를 했습니다.

I conducted market research to draft a new business proposal.

-기 위해 indicates purpose.

기안한 내용이 부장님께 통과되었습니다.

The drafted content was approved by the department head.

통과되다 means 'to be passed/approved'.

문서를 기안할 때 주의할 점이 무엇인가요?

What are the things to be careful about when drafting a document?

-(으)ㄹ 때 means 'when'.

효율적인 업무를 위해 시스템 개선을 기안했습니다.

I drafted a system improvement for efficient work.

개선 means improvement.

기안자가 누구인지 확인해 보세요.

Check who the drafter is.

-는지 indicates an indirect question.

기안 서류에 서명을 잊지 마세요.

Don't forget to sign the drafting documents.

-지 마세요 means 'don't'.

이번 행사는 제가 직접 기안하고 싶습니다.

I want to draft this event myself.

-고 싶다 expresses desire.

기안서를 작성하는 데 시간이 오래 걸렸어요.

It took a long time to write the draft proposal.

-는 데 indicates the process or situation.

정부는 청년 일자리 창출을 위한 정책을 기안했다.

The government drafted a policy for creating youth jobs.

Plain style (-다) used in news/reports.

기안문의 형식이 회사 규정에 맞지 않습니다.

The format of the draft does not follow company regulations.

규정 means regulation.

예산 부족으로 인해 기안이 반려되었습니다.

The draft was rejected due to a lack of budget.

-으로 인해 indicates a cause.

이 안건은 작년부터 기안되어 온 것입니다.

This agenda item has been being drafted since last year.

-어 오다 indicates an action continuing from the past.

기안을 올리기 전에 관련 부서와 협조를 구해야 합니다.

You must seek cooperation from related departments before submitting the draft.

협조를 구하다 means 'to seek cooperation'.

상급자의 지시에 따라 보고서를 기안하였습니다.

I drafted the report according to the superior's instructions.

-에 따라 means 'according to'.

기안 과정에서의 실수는 큰 손실을 초래할 수 있습니다.

Mistakes in the drafting process can cause significant losses.

초래하다 means 'to bring about/cause'.

그는 법률 개정안을 기안하는 데 참여했다.

He participated in drafting the legal amendment.

개정안 means amendment bill.

해당 정책의 기안 배경에는 심각한 저출산 문제가 있었다.

In the background of the drafting of that policy was the serious low birthrate problem.

기안 배경 means 'background of drafting'.

조직의 투명성을 높이기 위해 기안 과정을 공개하기로 했다.

To increase organizational transparency, they decided to make the drafting process public.

-기로 하다 means 'to decide to'.

기안자는 문서의 내용에 대해 전적으로 책임을 져야 한다.

The drafter must take full responsibility for the content of the document.

책임을 지다 means 'to take responsibility'.

이 사업은 타당성 조사를 거친 후 기안될 예정입니다.

This project is scheduled to be drafted after undergoing a feasibility study.

-을 예정입니다 means 'is scheduled to'.

기안 단계에서부터 다양한 의견을 수렴하는 것이 중요하다.

It is important to gather various opinions from the drafting stage.

수렴하다 means 'to collect/gather'.

전자 결재 시스템의 도입으로 기안 업무가 간소화되었다.

Drafting tasks have been simplified with the introduction of the electronic approval system.

간소화되다 means 'to be simplified'.

그는 부처 간의 이견을 조율하여 최종안을 기안했다.

He drafted the final plan by mediating the differences between departments.

이견을 조율하다 means 'to mediate differences'.

기안문의 논리적 허점을 보완하라는 지시가 내려왔다.

Instructions came down to supplement the logical flaws in the draft.

보완하다 means 'to supplement/fix'.

국가 안보 전략의 기안은 고도의 전문성과 보안을 요한다.

The drafting of national security strategies requires a high level of expertise and secrecy.

요한다 is a formal way to say 'requires'.

그는 역사적인 헌법 개정안을 기안한 주역으로 평가받는다.

He is evaluated as the main protagonist who drafted the historical constitutional amendment.

주역 means 'main character/protagonist'.

기안 행위 자체에 내포된 관료주의적 폐해를 지적하는 목소리가 높다.

There are many voices pointing out the bureaucratic evils inherent in the act of drafting itself.

내포된 means 'inherent/implied'.

행정 절차의 민주화를 위해 기안 권한을 하부 조직으로 이양했다.

To democratize administrative procedures, drafting authority was transferred to lower organizations.

이양하다 means 'to transfer/hand over'.

복잡한 이해관계를 기안문에 녹여내는 것은 매우 난해한 작업이다.

Melting complex interests into a draft is a very difficult task.

녹여내다 means 'to melt in/incorporate'.

기안의 적시성은 정책의 성공 여부를 결정짓는 핵심 요소이다.

The timeliness of drafting is a key factor in determining the success of a policy.

적시성 means 'timeliness'.

그는 철학적 사유를 바탕으로 새로운 교육 담론을 기안하였다.

He drafted a new educational discourse based on philosophical thinking.

담론 means 'discourse'.

기안서의 문구 하나하나가 법적 분쟁의 소지가 될 수 있음을 명심해야 한다.

One must keep in mind that every single word in the draft can be a cause for legal dispute.

소지 means 'possibility/cause'.

Colocaciones comunes

문서를 기안하다

사업을 기안하다

예산을 기안하다

기안을 올리다

기안을 검토하다

공문을 기안하다

기안자 서명

기획안을 기안하다

직접 기안하다

공동 기안

Frases Comunes

기안을 잡다

— To set the basic direction or framework for a draft.

먼저 기안을 잡고 세부 내용을 쓰세요.

기안이 통과되다

— For a draft to be approved by superiors.

드디어 제 기안이 통과되었습니다.

기안을 반려하다

— To reject a submitted draft.

사장님이 제 기안을 반려하셨어요.

전자 기안

— Drafting through an electronic system.

우리 회사는 전자 기안 시스템을 씁니다.

기안 용지

— The specific paper or template used for drafting.

기안 용지에 내용을 적어 오세요.

기안 번호

— The serial number assigned to a drafted document.

기안 번호를 문서 상단에 적으세요.

기안 일자

— The date on which the draft was created.

기안 일자를 오늘 날짜로 수정하세요.

기안 취지

— The purpose or intent behind a draft.

기안 취지를 명확하게 설명해야 합니다.

기안서 작성

— The act of writing the draft proposal.

기안서 작성에 하루가 꼬박 걸렸다.

기안을 상신하다

— A very formal way to say 'to submit a draft for approval'.

결재를 위해 기안을 상신했습니다.

Se confunde a menudo con

기안하다 vs 기획하다

기획하다 is planning the idea; 기안하다 is drafting the formal document for that idea.

기안하다 vs 작성하다

작성하다 is the general act of writing; 기안하다 is specifically for proposals needing approval.

기안하다 vs 제안하다

제안하다 is to suggest an idea (often verbally); 기안하다 is to draft it formally.

Modismos y expresiones

"기안이 살아야 사업이 산다"

— The success of a business depends on the quality of its initial proposals.

기안이 살아야 사업이 산다는 마음으로 꼼꼼히 쓰세요.

Professional/Proverbial

"기안은 칼이다"

— A draft should be sharp, precise, and decisive like a knife.

기안은 칼처럼 날카로워야 상사를 설득할 수 있다.

Office Slang

"기안의 늪"

— Being stuck in a cycle of drafting and re-drafting without approval.

나는 지금 기안의 늪에 빠져서 퇴근을 못 해.

Informal/Office Slang

"기안 한 장에 목숨 걸다"

— To put all one's effort and career stakes into a single proposal.

이번 기안 한 장에 목숨 걸고 준비했습니다.

Emphatic

"글자 하나에 기안이 울고 웃는다"

— Even a small typo or word choice can change the fate of a proposal.

글자 하나에 기안이 울고 웃으니 마지막까지 검토해.

Office Proverb

"기안은 예술이다"

— Drafting a perfect proposal requires the skill of an artist.

그의 기안은 정말 예술이라서 반려된 적이 없다.

Humorous/Praising

"기안이 산으로 가다"

— When a draft loses its original purpose and becomes messy (like a boat going to the mountain).

수정을 너무 많이 해서 기안이 산으로 가 버렸어.

Informal

"기안 도장 찍히다"

— To get final approval (metaphorically getting the stamp).

드디어 제 기안에 도장이 찍혔습니다!

Idiomatic

"기안을 씹다"

— To ignore or dismiss a draft proposal without proper review.

부장님이 내 기안을 그냥 씹으셨어.

Slang

"기안의 정석"

— The standard or textbook example of a perfect draft.

그의 보고서는 기안의 정석이라고 불린다.

Praising

Fácil de confundir

기안하다 vs 결재하다

Both are office terms.

기안하다 is what the subordinate does (drafting); 결재하다 is what the boss does (approving).

제가 기안하면 부장님이 결재하십니다.

기안하다 vs 입안하다

Both mean drafting.

입안하다 is for laws and major government policies; 기안하다 is for general office proposals.

국회에서 법안을 입안했다.

기안하다 vs 공안하다

Similar sound.

공안하다 is an archaic or specialized term for public peace; 기안하다 is for drafting.

기안하다 is for work.

기안하다 vs 고안하다

Both involve creating something new.

고안하다 is for inventions or creative methods; 기안하다 is for administrative documents.

새로운 기계를 고안했다.

기안하다 vs 수립하다

Both relate to planning.

수립하다 is establishing a large-scale, long-term plan; 기안하다 is the act of drafting the document for it.

경제 발전 계획을 수립하다.

Patrones de oraciones

[Noun]을/를 기안하다

계획을 기안하다.

[Noun]을/를 기안해 올리다

보고서를 기안해 올렸습니다.

[Noun]을/를 기안하기 위해 [Action]

기안하기 위해 회의를 했어요.

[Noun]이/가 기안되다

정책이 기안되었습니다.

기안한 내용에 따르면...

기안한 내용에 따르면 예산이 부족합니다.

기안 단계에서 [Action]

기안 단계에서 검토가 필요합니다.

[Person]에 의해 기안된 [Noun]

전문가에 의해 기안된 법안.

기안의 적시성을 확보하다

우리는 기안의 적시성을 확보해야 한다.

Familia de palabras

Sustantivos

기안 (Draft/Proposal)

기안자 (Drafter/Proposer)

기안문 (Draft Document)

기안서 (Draft Form/Proposal Paper)

기안지 (Drafting Paper)

Verbos

기안되다 (To be drafted)

기안시키다 (To make someone draft something)

Relacionado

결재 (Approval)

상신 (Submission to a superior)

반려 (Rejection/Return)

품의 (Request for decision)

공문 (Official document)

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Cómo usarlo

frequency

Very high in office and government environments; low in daily casual life.

Errores comunes

Using '기안하다' for a diary entry. → 일기를 쓰다.
A diary is personal and doesn't need approval. '기안하다' is only for professional/official proposals.
Confusing '기안하다' with '결재하다'. → 부장님이 결재하셨다 (The boss approved).
Subordinates draft (기안); bosses approve (결재). You can't '기안' your own work if you are the one approving it.
Using '기안하다' with friends. → 약속을 정하다 (Deciding on a plan).
It sounds too stiff and weird to 'draft a proposal' for a movie night with friends.
Misspelling as '기연하다'. → 기안하다.
The Hanja is 起案 (Gi-an). '기연' would have a completely different meaning.
Saying '기안을 하다' for simple writing tasks. → 메모를 작성하다.
'기안' implies a formal document structure. A simple sticky note is not a '기안'.

Consejos

When in doubt, use 작성하다

If you aren't sure if a document needs formal approval, '작성하다' is the safer, more neutral choice. Use '기안하다' when you want to sound more professional.

The 'Upward' Direction

Always remember that '기안' usually moves 'up' the hierarchy. Use phrases like '기안을 올리다' (lift up the draft) to sound more native.

Learn the Noun First

Master the noun '기안' (draft) as it appears in many compound words like '기안자' (drafter) and '기안서' (draft form).

Passive Form

Use '기안되다' when you want to focus on the document itself, e.g., '이 문서는 이미 기안되었습니다' (This document has already been drafted).

Logical Flow

A good '기안' follows a structure: Title, Background, Content, Expected Effect. Use these headings when practicing.

Office Politeness

When telling your boss you finished drafting, say '기안을 마쳤습니다' or '기안해 올렸습니다' for maximum politeness.

Context Clues

If you hear '기안' in a drama, look at the character's face. If they look stressed, the draft was probably rejected (반려)!

Exam Tip

This word often appears in TOPIK II Listening and Reading sections related to company tasks. Mark it as a 'Business Korean' keyword.

The 'Key' to a Plan

Think of 'Gi' as the 'Key' and 'An' as 'An' idea. The draft is the key to getting your idea approved.

Check the Button

If you ever work in a Korean office, look for the '기안' button in the software—it's the start of everything!

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

Think of 'GI' as 'Getting It' and 'AN' as 'AN idea'. You are 'Getting It (the idea) onto paper' (AN).

Asociación visual

Imagine a young employee in a crisp white shirt, sitting at a glowing computer screen, nervously typing the first page of a project that will change the company. That is '기안'.

Word Web

Office Plan Boss Approval Document Proposal Start Formal

Desafío

Try to write a three-sentence '기안문' (draft) for a fake company picnic using the word '기안하다' at least once.

Origen de la palabra

Derived from Sino-Korean (Hanja). It consists of two characters: 起 (기) and 案 (안).

Significado original: 起 means 'to rise, start, or initiate'. 案 means 'a table, a desk, or a proposal/plan'. Combined, it refers to initiating a plan on a desk.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based)

Contexto cultural

It is a very safe, professional word. However, using it in an informal setting might make you seem overly stiff or 'work-obsessed'.

The closest English equivalent is 'to draft a proposal', but '기안하다' is used more frequently in daily office life than the English 'draft' might be.

The drama 'Misaeng' (Incomplete Life) features many scenes of interns learning how to '기안' documents. The movie 'The Attorney' mentions drafting legal documents using this term. The variety show 'Infinite Challenge' once had an episode where members had to '기안' their own project ideas.

Practica en la vida real

Contextos reales

Office Work

기획안을 기안하다
기안을 올리다
기안을 수정하다
기안이 반려되다

Government/Public Administration

공문을 기안하다
정책을 기안하다
기안문을 발송하다
기안 책임자

Law

계약서를 기안하다
소장을 기안하다
법률안을 기안하다
기안의 법적 효력

University Administration

학칙 개정안을 기안하다
행사 계획을 기안하다
기안 협조 요청
기안 시스템

Project Management

일정표를 기안하다
리소스 배분을 기안하다
기안 단계의 검토
최종 기안

Inicios de conversación

"이번 프로젝트 기안은 누가 맡기로 했나요?"

"기안문을 작성할 때 가장 중요하게 생각하는 게 뭐예요?"

"어제 기안한 보고서, 부장님 반응이 어땠어요?"

"전자 결재 시스템으로 기안하는 게 더 편한가요?"

"기안이 자꾸 반려되는데, 어떻게 수정하면 좋을까요?"

Temas para diario

오늘 회사나 학교에서 어떤 중요한 문서를 기안했나요? 그 과정에 대해 써 보세요.

내가 만약 정부 관리라면, 어떤 사회 문제를 해결하기 위한 정책을 기안하고 싶은가요?

기안이 반려되었을 때의 기분과 그것을 극복하는 방법에 대해 적어 보세요.

좋은 기안문이 갖추어야 할 세 가지 조건은 무엇이라고 생각하나요?

디지털 시대에 종이 기안이 사라지는 것에 대해 어떻게 생각하나요?

Preguntas frecuentes

10 preguntas

Not usually. '기안하다' implies a professional approval process. For homework, use '하다' or '작성하다'. However, if you are drafting a formal proposal for a student government project, it might be acceptable.

'기획' (Gi-hwek) is the strategy or concept phase. '기안' (Gi-an) is the administrative phase of putting that strategy into a formal document for a signature. You '기획' a party, but you '기안' the budget request for it.

Yes, but it's more common in larger organizations with strict hierarchies. In a small startup, people might just say '이거 써 봐' (Write this), but '기안' is still used for formal documents like contracts.

It is the noun form, meaning 'a draft document' or 'a proposal document'. It's the physical or digital paper that results from the act of '기안하다'.

Yes, it comes from 起 (to start) and 案 (a plan). Knowing Hanja helps you understand related words like '입안' or '제안'.

Yes, a boss can draft a document for their own superior (like a CEO), but usually, the act of '기안' is associated with subordinates preparing things for their managers.

You would say '반려된 기안' or '반려된 기안문'. The verb for rejecting is '반려하다'.

Yes, you can say '기안해 주시겠어요?' (Could you draft it?) or '기안 부탁드립니다' (I request a draft).

Yes, administrative Korean in both North and South shares many Sino-Korean terms like '기안하다', though the specific office culture may differ.

Usually no. You 'write' (쓰다) an email. You only '기안' the email if the content of the email itself is a formal proposal that needs to be approved before being sent.

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