B1 · Intermedio Capítulo 33

Participles and Gerunds

2 Reglas totales
20 ejemplos
1 min
Reglas en este capítulo Práctica rápida

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of transforming verbs into descriptive adjectives to sound more fluid and concise.

  • Identify active participles describing ongoing actions.
  • Construct passive participles for completed results.
  • Integrate descriptive verb-forms into your daily speech.
Elevate your Russian with the power of participles.

Lo que aprenderás

Introduction to active and passive participles. Using adverbial participles for concise speech.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe people and objects using active and passive participles in written and spoken Russian.

Ejemplos clave (4)

1

Я вижу парня, танцующего в TikTok.

I see the guy dancing on TikTok.

Participios Activos en Ruso: Las palabras de 'acción'
2

Девушка, ждущая Uber, смотрит в телефон.

The girl waiting for an Uber is looking at her phone.

Participios Activos en Ruso: Las palabras de 'acción'
3

Твой заказ уже доставлен.

Your order has already been delivered.

Participios Pasivos en Ruso: Describiendo Acciones Terminadas (-нный, -тый)
4

Это фото сделано на новый iPhone.

This photo was taken on a new iPhone.

Participios Pasivos en Ruso: Describiendo Acciones Terminadas (-нный, -тый)

Consejos y trucos (2)

🎯

The 'They' Rule

Always look at the 'они' form of the verb to find the right present suffix. Если 'они пишут', то 'пишущий'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participios Activos en Ruso: Las palabras de 'acción'
🎯

The 'Status' Trick

If you can imagine it as a notification on your phone, you probably need a short form passive participle.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participios Pasivos en Ruso: Describiendo Acciones Terminadas (-нный, -тый)

Vocabulario clave (5)

читающий reading (active) написанный written (passive) открытый opened (passive) поющий singing (active) сделанный done/made (passive)

Real-World Preview

book-open

At the Bookstore

Review Summary

  • Verb stem + щ + ий/ая/ее
  • Verb stem + нн/т + ый/ая/ое

Errores comunes

Active participles act as adjectives. They describe a noun, they don't replace the verb.

Wrong: Читающий книга (Reading book)
Correcto: Читающий книгу человек (A person reading a book)

Remember to match the gender of the participle to the noun it modifies.

Wrong: Написан письмо (Written letter)
Correcto: Написанное письмо (The written letter)

Use passive participles for completed actions, not active ones.

Wrong: Сделающий задание (The doing task)
Correcto: Сделанное задание (The completed task)

Next Steps

You've tackled a difficult topic! Keep practicing these forms, and your Russian will soon sound as natural as a native speaker's.

Read a news article and highlight all participles you find.

Continue to: Reported Speech

Práctica rápida (6)

Which sentence correctly uses a past active participle?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Студент, прочитавший книгу, сдал экзамен.
'Прочитавший' is the correct past active participle for 'the one who read'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participios Activos en Ruso: Las palabras de 'acción'

Find and fix the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Письмо было написан вчера.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Письмо было написано вчера.
'Письмо' is neuter, so the participle must end in -о (написано).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participios Pasivos en Ruso: Describiendo Acciones Terminadas (-нный, -тый)

Which sentence correctly uses the passive participle?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Обед уже приготовлен.
'Приготовлен' is the correct short form for a masculine noun in a predicate position.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participios Pasivos en Ruso: Describiendo Acciones Terminadas (-нный, -тый)

Find the mistake in the reflexive participle ending.

Find and fix the mistake:

Я вижу улыбающуюсь женщину.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я вижу улыбающуюся женщину.
Reflexive participles must always end in -ся, regardless of the preceding vowel.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participios Activos en Ruso: Las palabras de 'acción'

Fill in the blank with the correct present active participle of 'работать' (to work).

Человек, ___ в этом офисе, мой брат.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: работающий
We need the present active participle to match the singular masculine noun 'человек'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participios Activos en Ruso: Las palabras de 'acción'

Fill in the blank with the correct short form of 'прочитать'.

Эта статья уже ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: прочитана
'Статья' is feminine, so the short form must be 'прочитана'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Participios Pasivos en Ruso: Describiendo Acciones Terminadas (-нный, -тый)

Score: /6

Preguntas frecuentes (4)

It's a verb form that acts like an adjective, describing a noun that is performing an action, like 'the reading boy'.
You treat it exactly like an adjective. It must match the noun's gender, number, and case (e.g., читающий, читающая, читающее, читающие).
Long forms (купленный) act like adjectives and describe nouns. Short forms (куплен) act like verbs and tell you the state of something.
Russian spelling rules! Long passive participles have -нн-, but when you shorten them to the 'status' form, they drop one -н-.
Capítulo anterior
Conditionals and Hypotheticals
Siguiente capítulo
Reported Speech
Volver a la hoja de ruta