B1 · متوسط فصل 33

Participles and Gerunds

2 مجموع قواعد
20 مثال‌ها
1 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of transforming verbs into descriptive adjectives to sound more fluid and concise.

  • Identify active participles describing ongoing actions.
  • Construct passive participles for completed results.
  • Integrate descriptive verb-forms into your daily speech.
Elevate your Russian with the power of participles.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Introduction to active and passive participles. Using adverbial participles for concise speech.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe people and objects using active and passive participles in written and spoken Russian.

مثال‌های کلیدی (4)

1

Я вижу парня, танцующего в TikTok.

I see the guy dancing on TikTok.

اسم فاعل در روسی: کلماتی برای توصیف انجام‌دهنده کار
2

Девушка, ждущая Uber, смотрит в телефон.

The girl waiting for an Uber is looking at her phone.

اسم فاعل در روسی: کلماتی برای توصیف انجام‌دهنده کار
3

Твой заказ уже доставлен.

Your order has already been delivered.

صفت‌های مفعولی روسی: توصیف کارهای تمام شده (-нный, -тый)
4

Это фото сделано на новый iPhone.

This photo was taken on a new iPhone.

صفت‌های مفعولی روسی: توصیف کارهای تمام شده (-нный, -тый)

نکات و ترفندها (2)

🎯

The 'They' Rule

Always look at the 'они' form of the verb to find the right present suffix. Если 'они пишут', то 'пишущий'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اسم فاعل در روسی: کلماتی برای توصیف انجام‌دهنده کار
🎯

The 'Status' Trick

If you can imagine it as a notification on your phone, you probably need a short form passive participle.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت‌های مفعولی روسی: توصیف کارهای تمام شده (-нный, -тый)

واژگان کلیدی (5)

читающий reading (active) написанный written (passive) открытый opened (passive) поющий singing (active) сделанный done/made (passive)

Real-World Preview

book-open

At the Bookstore

Review Summary

  • Verb stem + щ + ий/ая/ее
  • Verb stem + нн/т + ый/ая/ое

اشتباهات رایج

Active participles act as adjectives. They describe a noun, they don't replace the verb.

Wrong: Читающий книга (Reading book)
صحیح: Читающий книгу человек (A person reading a book)

Remember to match the gender of the participle to the noun it modifies.

Wrong: Написан письмо (Written letter)
صحیح: Написанное письмо (The written letter)

Use passive participles for completed actions, not active ones.

Wrong: Сделающий задание (The doing task)
صحیح: Сделанное задание (The completed task)

Next Steps

You've tackled a difficult topic! Keep practicing these forms, and your Russian will soon sound as natural as a native speaker's.

Read a news article and highlight all participles you find.

Continue to: Reported Speech

تمرین سریع (6)

Fill in the blank with the correct present active participle of 'работать' (to work).

Человек, ___ в этом офисе, мой брат.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: работающий
We need the present active participle to match the singular masculine noun 'человек'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اسم فاعل در روسی: کلماتی برای توصیف انجام‌دهنده کار

Which sentence correctly uses a past active participle?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Студент, прочитавший книгу, сдал экзамен.
'Прочитавший' is the correct past active participle for 'the one who read'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اسم فاعل در روسی: کلماتی برای توصیف انجام‌دهنده کار

Find and fix the mistake in the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Письмо было написан вчера.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Письмо было написано вчера.
'Письмо' is neuter, so the participle must end in -о (написано).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت‌های مفعولی روسی: توصیف کارهای تمام شده (-нный, -тый)

Which sentence correctly uses the passive participle?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Обед уже приготовлен.
'Приготовлен' is the correct short form for a masculine noun in a predicate position.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت‌های مفعولی روسی: توصیف کارهای تمام شده (-нный, -тый)

Find the mistake in the reflexive participle ending.

Find and fix the mistake:

Я вижу улыбающуюсь женщину.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Я вижу улыбающуюся женщину.
Reflexive participles must always end in -ся, regardless of the preceding vowel.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اسم فاعل در روسی: کلماتی برای توصیف انجام‌دهنده کار

Fill in the blank with the correct short form of 'прочитать'.

Эта статья уже ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: прочитана
'Статья' is feminine, so the short form must be 'прочитана'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: صفت‌های مفعولی روسی: توصیف کارهای تمام شده (-нный, -тый)

Score: /6

سوالات رایج (4)

It's a verb form that acts like an adjective, describing a noun that is performing an action, like 'the reading boy'.
You treat it exactly like an adjective. It must match the noun's gender, number, and case (e.g., читающий, читающая, читающее, читающие).
Long forms (купленный) act like adjectives and describe nouns. Short forms (куплен) act like verbs and tell you the state of something.
Russian spelling rules! Long passive participles have -нн-, but when you shorten them to the 'status' form, they drop one -н-.
فصل قبلی
Conditionals and Hypotheticals
فصل بعدی
Reported Speech
برگشت به نقشه راه