A1 Nouns & Articles 1 min read آسان

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In Greek, the article must match the noun's gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and case.

  • Use 'ο' for masculine nouns: 'ο σκύλος' (the dog).
  • Use 'η' for feminine nouns: 'η γάτα' (the cat).
  • Use 'το' for neuter nouns: 'το παιδί' (the child).
Article (Gender/Case) + Noun (Gender/Case) = Agreement

Meanings

The definite article in Greek acts as a prefix that indicates the gender, number, and case of the noun it precedes.

1

Definite Reference

Used to specify a particular noun known to the speaker and listener.

“Η Μαρία είναι εδώ.”

“Το αυτοκίνητο είναι μπλε.”

Definite Article (Nominative Case)

Gender Singular Plural
Masculine ο οι
Feminine η οι
Neuter το τα

Reference Table

Reference table for Article-Noun Matching
Form Structure Example
Masculine ο + noun ο σκύλος
Feminine η + noun η γάτα
Neuter το + noun το παιδί
Plural M οι + noun οι άντρες
Plural F οι + noun οι γυναίκες
Plural N τα + noun τα παιδιά

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Ο κύριος είναι εδώ.

Ο κύριος είναι εδώ. (Describing someone)

خنثی
Ο άντρας είναι εδώ.

Ο άντρας είναι εδώ. (Describing someone)

غیر رسمی
Ο τύπος είναι εδώ.

Ο τύπος είναι εδώ. (Describing someone)

عامیانه
Ο μάγκας είναι εδώ.

Ο μάγκας είναι εδώ. (Describing someone)

Article Gender Map

Greek Article

Masculine

  • ο the

Feminine

  • η the

Neuter

  • το the

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Ο σκύλος τρέχει.

The dog runs.

2

Η γάτα κοιμάται.

The cat sleeps.

3

Το παιδί παίζει.

The child plays.

4

Ο δάσκαλος διαβάζει.

The teacher reads.

1

Οι φίλοι είναι εδώ.

The friends are here.

2

Τα παιδιά τρώνε.

The children are eating.

3

Η μητέρα μαγειρεύει.

The mother is cooking.

4

Το βιβλίο είναι καλό.

The book is good.

1

Βλέπω τον άντρα.

I see the man.

2

Η γνώμη της γυναίκας είναι σημαντική.

The woman's opinion is important.

3

Μιλάω με τους μαθητές.

I am talking to the students.

4

Το σπίτι του φίλου μου.

My friend's house.

1

Ο καιρός είναι υπέροχος σήμερα.

The weather is wonderful today.

2

Η ελευθερία είναι δικαίωμα.

Freedom is a right.

3

Τα αποτελέσματα είναι θετικά.

The results are positive.

4

Τον είδα στο δρόμο.

I saw him on the street.

1

Η ανάγκη για αλλαγή είναι επιτακτική.

The need for change is imperative.

2

Των φρονίμων τα παιδιά...

The children of the wise...

3

Στους ανθρώπους αρέσει η ηρεμία.

People like peace.

4

Το να διαβάζεις είναι ωφέλιμο.

Reading is beneficial.

1

Εις το όνομα του νόμου.

In the name of the law.

2

Την αλήθεια την ξέρουν όλοι.

Everyone knows the truth.

3

Ουδείς εξαιρείται του κανόνος.

No one is exempt from the rule.

4

Τα κατά καιρούς συμβάντα.

The events that happen from time to time.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Article-Noun Matching در مقابل Article vs. Pronoun

Learners confuse the article 'το' with the pronoun 'το' (it).

Article-Noun Matching در مقابل Nominative vs. Accusative

Learners use the nominative article for objects.

Article-Noun Matching در مقابل Gender of Nouns

Learners assume all nouns ending in -α are feminine.

اشتباهات رایج

ο γάτα

η γάτα

Gender mismatch.

η σκύλος

ο σκύλος

Gender mismatch.

το δάσκαλος

ο δάσκαλος

Neuter used for masculine.

η παιδί

το παιδί

Feminine used for neuter.

ο παιδιά

τα παιδιά

Singular masculine used for plural neuter.

οι γυναίκα

η γυναίκα

Plural article with singular noun.

τα άντρες

οι άντρες

Neuter plural used for masculine plural.

το άντρα

τον άντρα

Nominative used instead of accusative.

η φίλου

του φίλου

Feminine used instead of genitive masculine.

ο γυναίκας

της γυναίκας

Masculine used instead of genitive feminine.

το να τρέχει

το να τρέχεις

Agreement error in nominalized clause.

οι αλήθεια

η αλήθεια

Pluralizing an abstract noun incorrectly.

τα ελευθερία

η ελευθερία

Pluralizing an abstract noun incorrectly.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

___ ___ είναι εδώ.

Βλέπω ___ ___.

___ ___ είναι καλοί.

___ ___ είναι μεγάλα.

Real World Usage

Ordering coffee constant

Έναν καφέ, παρακαλώ.

Social media very common

Ο καιρός είναι τέλειος!

Travel common

Πού είναι το ξενοδοχείο;

Job interview common

Η εμπειρία μου είναι μεγάλη.

Texting constant

Ο Γιώργος έρχεται.

Food delivery common

Το φαγητό είναι έτοιμο.

💡

Look at the ending

Nouns ending in -ος are usually masculine.
⚠️

Don't skip the article

Greek needs the article for specific nouns.
🎯

Learn the plural

Learn 'οι' and 'τα' early on.
💬

Names

It's normal to say 'The Maria' in Greek.

Smart Tips

Always learn the noun with its article.

Learn: 'σκύλος' Learn: 'ο σκύλος'

Assume it's masculine.

Is 'άνθρωπος' feminine? It ends in -ος, so it's 'ο άνθρωπος'.

Assume it's feminine.

Is 'ώρα' masculine? It ends in -α, so it's 'η ώρα'.

Assume it's neuter.

Is 'παιδί' masculine? It ends in -ι, so it's 'το παιδί'.

تلفظ

o-SKEE-los

Vowel reduction

The articles are unstressed and flow into the noun.

Statement

Ο σκύλος τρέχει ↓

Neutral declarative

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Remember 'O-H-T' (Oh, He-she-it). O is for men, H is for women, T is for things.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a man wearing an 'O' shirt, a woman wearing an 'H' hat, and a toy box labeled 'T'.

Rhyme

O is for boy, H is for girl, T is for the rest of the world.

Story

Orestis (O) the boy, Helen (H) the girl, and Toffee (T) the cat are playing. Orestis has the ball, Helen has the doll, and Toffee has the toy.

شبکه واژگان

οητοοιταάρθροουσιαστικό

چالش

Label 5 items in your room with sticky notes using the correct Greek article.

نکات فرهنگی

Greeks often use the article before names in informal speech.

The Greek article evolved from the demonstrative pronoun 'ho, hē, to' in Ancient Greek.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Ποιος είναι ο δάσκαλος;

Τι είναι το βιβλίο;

Πού είναι η γάτα;

Ποιοι είναι οι φίλοι σου;

موضوعات نگارش

Describe your family using articles.
List 5 things in your bag.
Write about your favorite pet.
Describe your neighborhood.

Test Yourself

Fill in the correct article.

___ σκύλος τρέχει.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ο
Σκύλος is masculine.
Choose the correct article. چند گزینه‌ای

___ γάτα κοιμάται.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: η
Γάτα is feminine.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Το άντρας είναι εδώ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ο άντρας
Άντρας is masculine.
Order the words. Sentence Building

παιδί / το / παίζει

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Το παιδί παίζει
Subject-Verb order.
Match article to noun. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ο-σκύλος, η-γάτα, το-παιδί
Correct gender matching.
Fill in the plural article.

___ παιδιά παίζουν.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: τα
Παιδιά is neuter plural.
Choose the correct article. چند گزینه‌ای

___ φίλοι μου είναι εδώ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: οι
Φίλοι is masculine plural.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Οι γυναίκα είναι εδώ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Η γυναίκα
Singular noun needs singular article.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the correct article.

___ σκύλος τρέχει.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ο
Σκύλος is masculine.
Choose the correct article. چند گزینه‌ای

___ γάτα κοιμάται.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: η
Γάτα is feminine.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Το άντρας είναι εδώ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ο άντρας
Άντρας is masculine.
Order the words. Sentence Building

παιδί / το / παίζει

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Το παιδί παίζει
Subject-Verb order.
Match article to noun. Match Pairs

Match: ο, η, το with σκύλος, γάτα, παιδί

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ο-σκύλος, η-γάτα, το-παιδί
Correct gender matching.
Fill in the plural article.

___ παιδιά παίζουν.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: τα
Παιδιά is neuter plural.
Choose the correct article. چند گزینه‌ای

___ φίλοι μου είναι εδώ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: οι
Φίλοι is masculine plural.
Fix the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Οι γυναίκα είναι εδώ.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Η γυναίκα
Singular noun needs singular article.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

Greek nouns have gender and case, so the article must match them.

Look at the noun ending: -ος (M), -α/η (F), -ο/ι (N).

Yes, in many regions, it's common to say 'Η Μαρία'.

People will understand, but it will sound non-native.

No, plural articles are 'οι' and 'τα'.

Sometimes, in lists or specific idioms.

Yes, some nouns have irregular genders.

Label things in your house and use flashcards.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

el/la/los/las

Greek articles change based on case, Spanish does not.

German high

der/die/das

German cases are marked on the article more heavily than in Greek.

French moderate

le/la/les

French does not have a case system for articles.

Japanese none

none

Japanese uses particles to mark roles, not articles.

Arabic low

al-

Arabic article does not change for gender.

Chinese none

none

Chinese relies on word order and context.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Connected Grammar

Noun Declension

Builds On

Articles change based on noun cases.

Adjective Agreement

Similar

Adjectives follow the same gender rules.

Personal Pronouns

Contrast

Pronouns replace nouns, articles modify them.

Verb Conjugation

Prerequisite

You need verbs to make sentences with your nouns.

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