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A2 noun #1,200 پرکاربردترین 12 دقیقه مطالعه

انتخابات

Q: How do I say 'I am voting in the election'?

You say 'من در انتخابات رای میدهم' (Man dar entekhâbât rây midaham) or 'من در انتخابات شرکت میکنم' (Man dar entekhâbât sherkat mikonam - I participate in the election).

Q: Do I need to add 'ها' to make it plural?

No. 'انتخابات' is already a plural form. Saying 'انتخاباتها' is considered redundant and incorrect in formal Persian, though you might hear it rarely in colloquial speech.

Q: What is a 'referendum' in Persian?

A referendum is called 'همهپرسی' (hame-porsi) or 'رفراندوم' (referândom). It is different from 'انتخابات', which is for choosing people.

entekhabat رتبه 1,200

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn Persian. The word 'انتخابات' (entekhâbât) might seem long, but it is a very important word to know. It means 'elections'. You will hear this word a lot on the news or when people talk about their country. Even though it is a big word, it is used in simple ways. For example, you might learn to say 'The election is tomorrow' (انتخابات فردا است). You don't need to know all the complicated political words yet. Just remember that when people are choosing a president or a leader, they are having an 'انتخابات'. It comes from the word 'انتخاب' which means 'choice'. So, 'انتخابات' is a big, official choice made by many people. You can practice recognizing this word when you see it in newspapers or hear it on TV. It is a noun, so you can use it like other nouns you are learning, such as 'book' or 'house'. Just knowing this one word will help you understand what the main topic of a news story is. Keep practicing saying it out loud: en-te-khâ-bât.

At the A2 level, you can start using 'انتخابات' in simple sentences to talk about current events. You know that it means 'elections', but now you can learn the verbs that go with it. The most important phrase to learn is 'شرکت کردن در انتخابات', which means 'to participate in the elections' or 'to vote'. You can ask your friends, 'آیا در انتخابات شرکت می‌کنی؟' (Are you participating in the elections?). You can also talk about when the elections are happening using words for time, like 'سال آینده' (next year) or 'ماه بعد' (next month). For example, 'انتخابات سال آینده است' (The elections are next year). You will also start to see this word paired with simple adjectives, like 'انتخابات مهم' (important elections). At this stage, you are building your vocabulary to have basic conversations about society. You don't need to debate politics, but you can state facts and ask simple questions about the electoral process. Remember to always use the preposition 'در' (in) when talking about participating in an election.

At the B1 level, your understanding of 'انتخابات' deepens, and you can engage in more detailed conversations. You are now ready to use compound verbs like 'برگزار شدن' (to be held). You can say, 'انتخابات ریاست جمهوری هر چهار سال یک بار برگزار می‌شود' (Presidential elections are held every four years). You should also learn related vocabulary such as 'نامزد' (candidate), 'رای' (vote), and 'صندوق رای' (ballot box). You can express opinions about the elections, saying things like 'من فکر می‌کنم این انتخابات بسیار حساس است' (I think these elections are very sensitive/crucial). You will be able to read short news articles and understand the main points about who is winning or losing. You can also discuss the difference between 'انتخابات آزاد' (free elections) and other types. At this level, you are moving beyond simple facts and starting to express thoughts, expectations, and basic political concepts. Make sure to practice the Ezafe connection, such as 'نتایجِ انتخابات' (the results of the elections), to sound more natural.

At the B2 level, you can discuss 'انتخابات' with fluency and nuance. You are capable of understanding news reports, debates, and opinion pieces in Persian. You can use complex sentence structures to talk about the political climate, campaign strategies, and voter turnout (میزان مشارکت). You should be comfortable using phrases like 'تبلیغات انتخاباتی' (election campaigns) and 'مناظره‌های انتخاباتی' (election debates). You can debate the impact of an election on the economy or foreign policy. For example, 'نتیجه این انتخابات تاثیر عمیقی بر اقتصاد کشور خواهد داشت' (The result of these elections will have a profound impact on the country's economy). You can also discuss concepts like electoral fraud (تقلب در انتخابات) or transparency (شفافیت). At this stage, you are not just translating the word; you are using it to navigate complex social and political discourse. You can understand idioms and cultural references related to voting in Persian-speaking countries, making your conversations much more engaging and native-like.

At the C1 level, your use of 'انتخابات' is highly sophisticated. You can read academic articles, political analyses, and historical texts detailing electoral processes. You understand the subtle differences in terminology, such as distinguishing between 'انتخابات زودهنگام' (snap elections) and 'انتخابات میان‌دوره‌ای' (midterm elections). You can articulate complex arguments about democratic theory, the role of the Guardian Council (شورای نگهبان) in Iranian elections, or the sociological factors influencing voter behavior. You can use advanced vocabulary like 'مشروعیت' (legitimacy), 'تحریم انتخابات' (boycotting the elections), and 'قطبی شدن جامعه' (polarization of society). You can effortlessly write essays or deliver presentations on the historical evolution of elections in the Middle East. Your grammar is precise, and you naturally employ passive voice and complex subordinate clauses when discussing electoral laws and constitutional requirements. You are fully equipped to participate in high-level political debates with native speakers without hesitation.

At the C2 level, you possess a near-native mastery of the word 'انتخابات' and its entire semantic field. You can deconstruct political rhetoric, analyze the linguistic strategies used by candidates during campaigns, and understand historical, literary, and satirical references to elections in Persian culture. You can read between the lines of state media and independent journalism, recognizing bias and propaganda. You can discuss the philosophical underpinnings of representation and the intricacies of electoral systems (e.g., proportional representation vs. majority voting) using precise Persian terminology. You can write persuasive op-eds, conduct academic research, or engage in diplomatic discourse regarding electoral integrity and international observation. Your vocabulary includes highly specialized terms like 'مهندسی انتخابات' (electoral engineering) or 'آرای باطله' (invalid votes). At this ultimate level of proficiency, the word 'انتخابات' is merely a gateway to expressing the most profound and complex ideas about governance, power, and society in the Persian language.

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

انتخابات در ۳۰ ثانیه

Formal voting process.
Choosing political leaders.
Civic duty and participation.
Campaigns and ballot boxes.

The Persian word انتخابات (pronounced entekhâbât) is the direct translation of the English word 'elections'. It is a fundamental term in the realms of politics, civics, and daily news in Persian-speaking countries. To truly understand this word, we must first look at its root. The word comes from the singular noun انتخاب (entekhâb), which means 'choice' or 'selection'. By adding the Arabic plural suffix 'ات' (-ât), it transforms into a plural concept, literally meaning 'choices' or 'selections', but it is exclusively used to refer to the formal, organized process of voting for political or administrative offices. When people use this word, they are almost always referring to a significant civic event, such as a presidential race, parliamentary voting, or local city council selections. It carries a weight of formality and is a staple in news broadcasts, newspapers, and political debates. In everyday conversation, you will hear people use it when discussing their voting intentions, analyzing political candidates, or debating the future of their country. The concept of elections is deeply embedded in the modern political discourse of Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, making this word absolutely essential for anyone looking to understand Persian media or engage in conversations about current events. Beyond national politics, the word can also be used in smaller contexts, such as school elections, union elections, or corporate board elections, though its primary association remains with government and state affairs. Understanding the nuances of how this word is deployed in sentences will significantly boost your comprehension of formal Persian. It is important to note that while the word itself is plural in its morphological structure, it is often treated as a singular event in translation, much like how we say 'the election is coming up' in English. However, in Persian grammar, it often dictates plural agreement when used as a subject, though modern colloquial Persian sometimes bends this rule. Let us explore some detailed examples and contexts to solidify your understanding of this crucial vocabulary word.

Political Context: Used when discussing national, regional, or local voting processes to elect government officials, such as presidents, parliament members, or city council representatives.

مردم برای شرکت در انتخابات آماده می‌شوند.

People are getting ready to participate in the elections.

Organizational Context: Employed when referring to the selection of leaders within non-governmental organizations, trade unions, student councils, or corporate boards.

انتخابات شورای دانش‌آموزی فردا برگزار می‌شود.

The student council elections will be held tomorrow.

Historical Context: Frequently found in history books and documentaries discussing the evolution of democratic processes, voting rights, and past political milestones.

اولین انتخابات آزاد در آن کشور یک نقطه عطف تاریخی بود.

The first free elections in that country were a historical turning point.

نتایج انتخابات به زودی اعلام خواهد شد.

The election results will be announced soon.

او در انتخابات ریاست جمهوری پیروز شد.

He won the presidential elections.

Using the word انتخابات correctly in Persian requires an understanding of the specific verbs and prepositions that naturally accompany it. Unlike English, where we might say 'we are having an election', Persian relies on compound verbs to express these actions. The most common verb used with this word is 'برگزار کردن' (to hold or organize). So, to say 'elections are held', you would say 'انتخابات برگزار می‌شود'. If you want to talk about participating or voting in an election, you use the phrase 'در انتخابات شرکت کردن' (to participate in the elections). The preposition 'در' (in) is crucial here. Another vital verb is 'پیروز شدن' (to win) or 'برنده شدن' (to win), usually structured as 'در انتخابات پیروز شدن' (to win in the elections). Conversely, to lose an election is 'در انتخابات شکست خوردن' (to be defeated in the elections). When discussing the act of running for office, the phrase 'نامزد انتخابات شدن' (to become a candidate for the elections) is standard. It is also important to note how adjectives are applied. Since 'انتخابات' is technically a plural noun (though often conceptualized as a singular event), adjectives modifying it usually follow the standard noun-adjective agreement rules in Persian, connected by the Ezafe. For example, 'انتخابات آزاد' (free elections), 'انتخابات عادلانه' (fair elections), or 'انتخابات زودهنگام' (early/snap elections). In journalistic writing, you will often see complex sentence structures where 'انتخابات' acts as the subject governing a passive verb, such as 'انتخابات به تعویق افتاد' (the elections were postponed). Mastering these verb pairings and adjectival phrases is the key to sounding like a native speaker when discussing politics. Let us delve into some specific structural examples to illustrate these grammatical patterns in action, ensuring you can confidently construct your own sentences in various tenses and contexts.

Using with 'To Hold' (برگزار کردن): This is the standard way to express that an election is taking place. It is often used in the passive voice in news reports.

دولت اعلام کرد که انتخابات در ماه آینده برگزار می‌شود.

The government announced that the elections will be held next month.

Using with 'To Participate' (شرکت کردن): When talking about the voters' actions, this compound verb is essential. It requires the preposition 'در' (in) before the word elections.

آیا شما قصد دارید در انتخابات امسال شرکت کنید؟

Do you intend to participate in this year's elections?

Using with 'To Win/Lose' (پیروز شدن / شکست خوردن): These verbs describe the outcome for the candidates. They also typically use the preposition 'در' (in).

حزب مخالف در انتخابات اخیر شکست سختی خورد.

The opposition party suffered a heavy defeat in the recent elections.

نامزد مستقل توانست در انتخابات محلی پیروز شود.

The independent candidate managed to win in the local elections.

شفافیت در انتخابات برای دموکراسی ضروری است.

Transparency in elections is essential for democracy.

If you spend any time engaging with Persian media, you will encounter the word انتخابات constantly, especially during election seasons. The most prominent place you will hear this word is on television news broadcasts (اخبار تلویزیون). News anchors use it repeatedly when discussing campaign trails, polling data, and political debates. For instance, channels like BBC Persian, Iran International, or state-run Iranian TV will have dedicated segments called 'ویژه‌برنامه انتخابات' (Elections Special Program). You will also read it in every major Persian newspaper (روزنامه), from conservative to reformist publications, often splashed across the front page in massive, bold headlines. Beyond traditional media, social media platforms like Twitter (X), Instagram, and Telegram are hotbeds for political discourse among Persian speakers. During an election cycle, hashtags containing the word 'انتخابات' trend for weeks. You will see users debating the merits of various candidates, urging others to vote, or sometimes advocating for a boycott of the elections (تحریم انتخابات). In everyday life, you will hear this word in taxis, cafes, and family gatherings. Politics is a very common topic of conversation in Iranian culture, and discussions about upcoming elections can become quite passionate. You might hear a taxi driver complaining about the economy and saying, 'باید ببینیم در انتخابات بعدی چه می‌شود' (We have to see what happens in the next elections). Furthermore, if you are studying political science, history, or Middle Eastern studies, this word will appear in almost every academic paper, textbook, and lecture you encounter. It is also used in official government documents, legal texts, and constitutional discussions. Even in the diaspora communities in Los Angeles, London, or Toronto, the word remains a focal point of community organizing and political engagement regarding their home countries. Recognizing this word instantly opens up a vast world of Persian political and social commentary, allowing you to understand the hopes, frustrations, and civic actions of millions of people.

News and Journalism: The primary domain for this word. It is used in headlines, news tickers, and analytical articles discussing political campaigns and voting outcomes.

تیتر اول روزنامه امروز درباره انتخابات بود.

Today's newspaper headline was about the elections.

Social Media and Public Discourse: Widely used in hashtags, tweets, and posts where citizens debate political issues, express support for candidates, or criticize the electoral process.

هشتگ انتخابات در توییتر ترند شده است.

The hashtag 'elections' is trending on Twitter.

Everyday Conversations: Commonly heard in informal settings like family dinners or taxi rides, where people discuss their predictions and opinions about the political future.

پدرم همیشه اخبار انتخابات را با دقت دنبال می‌کند.

My father always follows the election news carefully.

بحث درباره انتخابات در مهمانی دیشب بالا گرفت.

The discussion about the elections heated up at the party last night.

تبلیغات انتخابات تمام دیوارهای شهر را پوشانده است.

Election advertisements have covered all the walls of the city.

When English speakers learn the word انتخابات, they often make a few predictable mistakes based on direct translation or a misunderstanding of Persian grammar. The most frequent error is confusing the singular 'انتخاب' (choice/selection) with the plural 'انتخابات' (elections). While in English you might say 'I made a good election' (meaning choice, though archaic, it happens in thought processes), in Persian, you must use 'انتخاب' for a personal choice. For example, 'این انتخاب خوبی بود' (This was a good choice). You cannot say 'این انتخابات خوبی بود' unless you are literally talking about a well-run political voting process. Another major pitfall involves the verbs used with this noun. English speakers often try to translate 'to make an election' or 'to do an election' directly, resulting in awkward phrases like 'انتخابات کردن' (to do elections). This is incorrect. The correct verb for holding an election is 'برگزار کردن' (to hold/organize). Similarly, you do not 'make a vote' in an election; you 'give a vote' (رای دادن) or 'participate' (شرکت کردن). Grammatically, another common mistake is forgetting the Ezafe when linking 'انتخابات' to a specific type. For instance, saying 'انتخابات ریاست جمهوری' without pronouncing the short 'e' sound between the words makes the speech sound disjointed and non-native. It must be pronounced 'entekhâbât-e riyâsat-e jomhuri'. Additionally, learners sometimes struggle with pluralization. Because 'انتخابات' already has the Arabic plural suffix '-ât', adding the Persian plural suffix '-hâ' to make 'انتخابات‌ها' is generally considered redundant and poor style in formal writing, although you might occasionally hear it in very colloquial speech when referring to multiple distinct election events over time. It is best to stick to 'انتخابات' for both singular ('the election') and plural ('the elections') concepts in English translation. Let us review these common errors with clear examples to ensure you avoid them in your own Persian practice.

Confusing Choice with Election: Do not use 'انتخابات' when you mean a simple personal choice. Use 'انتخاب' instead.

Incorrect: لباس زیبایی انتخابات کردی. (You made a beautiful elections of dress.)

Correct: لباس زیبایی انتخاب کردی. (You made a beautiful choice of dress.)

Using the Wrong Verb: Avoid using 'کردن' (to do) directly with 'انتخابات' to mean holding an election. Use 'برگزار کردن'.

Incorrect: دولت فردا انتخابات می‌کند. (The government does elections tomorrow.)

Correct: دولت فردا انتخابات برگزار می‌کند. (The government holds elections tomorrow.)

Double Pluralization: Avoid adding Persian plural markers to a word that is already pluralized with an Arabic suffix in formal contexts.

Incorrect: همه انتخابات‌ها مهم هستند. (All the electionses are important.)

Correct: همه انتخابات مهم هستند. (All elections are important.)

Incorrect: من در انتخابات رای دادم به او. (Wrong word order, sounds unnatural.)

Correct: من در انتخابات به او رای دادم. (I voted for him in the elections.)

Incorrect: انتخابات ریاست جمهوری (Without pronouncing the Ezafe 'e' between words).

Correct: انتخاباتِ ریاست جمهوری (Pronouncing the Ezafe: entekhâbât-e riyâsat-e jomhuri).

While انتخابات is the most direct and common translation for 'elections', the Persian language offers several related terms that are used in specific political or administrative contexts. Understanding these alternatives will enrich your vocabulary and allow you to comprehend more nuanced political discussions. One very common related term is 'رای‌گیری' (rây-giri), which literally translates to 'vote-taking' or 'voting'. While 'انتخابات' refers to the entire formal process and event, 'رای‌گیری' focuses specifically on the mechanical act of casting and collecting ballots. For example, you might say 'The elections (انتخابات) are next week, and the voting (رای‌گیری) starts at 8 AM'. Another important term is 'همه‌پرسی' (hame-porsi) or its Arabic-derived equivalent 'رفراندوم' (referândom). These words mean 'referendum' or 'plebiscite'. You use these when the public is voting on a specific issue or law, rather than choosing a candidate for an office. For instance, 'همه‌پرسی برای تغییر قانون اساسی' (A referendum to change the constitution). If you are talking about a selection process that is not necessarily a democratic public vote, you might use the word 'گزینش' (gozinesh). This word implies a selection or screening process, often used in the context of university admissions or government employment, where a committee chooses candidates based on specific criteria rather than a popular vote. Another word is 'انتصاب' (entesâb), which means 'appointment'. This is the direct antonym of election in a political context; an official is either elected (انتخابی) or appointed (انتصابی). By mastering these distinctions, you can accurately describe the exact nature of a political or administrative process. Let us look at how these words compare in practical usage.

رای‌گیری (Voting / Polling): Focuses on the specific action of casting votes, often used to describe the time or location of the ballot box activity.

ساعات رای‌گیری تا نیمه‌شب تمدید شد.

The voting hours were extended until midnight.

همه‌پرسی (Referendum): Used when the electorate votes on a single political question or policy rather than electing a person.

دولت تصمیم گرفت یک همه‌پرسی برگزار کند.

The government decided to hold a referendum.

گزینش (Selection / Screening): Refers to a selection process by a committee or authority, often involving interviews or background checks, not a public vote.

مراحل گزینش برای استخدام بسیار سخت بود.

The selection process for employment was very difficult.

این مقام انتصابی است، نه انتخابی.

This position is appointed, not elected.

مردم منتظر نتایج رای‌گیری هستند.

The people are waiting for the voting results.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"وزارت کشور مسئولیت برگزاری انتخابات را بر عهده دارد."

خنثی

"فردا روز انتخابات است و مدارس تعطیل هستند."

غیر رسمی

"تو واسه انتخابات رای میدی؟"

Child friendly

"ما در کلاس برای مبصر انتخابات کردیم. (Note: colloquial/childish phrasing, formally should be رای‌گیری کردیم)"

عامیانه

"باز دم انتخابات شد و وعده‌ها شروع شد."

نکته جالب

Even though 'انتخابات' uses an Arabic plural suffix, in modern Persian it is often treated as a singular concept when referring to 'the election' as a single event, but grammatically it can take plural verbs depending on the writer's style.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /en.te.xɒːˈbɒːt/

US /ɛn.tɛ.xɑˈbɑt/

The primary stress falls on the final syllable: en-te-khâ-BÂT.

هم‌قافیه با

ارتباط (ertebât - connection) احتیاط (ehtiyât - caution) نشاط (neshât - joy) مخاط (mokhât - mucus) بساط (basât - spread/setup) حیاط (hayât - yard) حیات (hayât - life) رباط (robât - robot/ligament)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'kh' as a hard 'k' (entekabat). It must be a fricative 'kh'.
Stressing the first or second syllable instead of the last.
Shortening the long 'â' sounds to short 'a' sounds (entekhabat instead of entekhâbât).
Forgetting to pronounce the Ezafe 'e' when linking it to another word (e.g., saying 'entekhâbât majles' instead of 'entekhâbât-e majles').
Confusing it with the singular 'entekhâb' when meaning the plural event.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

The word is long and uses the Arabic plural suffix, but it appears so frequently in news that learners recognize it quickly.

نوشتن 5/5

Spelling requires knowing the correct letters (ت vs ط, خ, etc.).

صحبت کردن 5/5

Pronouncing the guttural 'kh' and the long 'â' sounds correctly takes practice.

گوش دادن 3/5

Very distinct sound profile, easy to pick out in a news broadcast.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

انتخاب (choice) رای (vote) مردم (people) کشور (country) رئیس جمهور (president)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

نامزد (candidate) صندوق (box) مجلس (parliament) تبلیغات (campaigns) مشارکت (participation)

پیشرفته

مشروعیت (legitimacy) ائتلاف (coalition) تحریم (boycott) تقلب (fraud) نظارت استصوابی (approbatory supervision)

گرامر لازم

Ezafe (اضافه)

انتخاباتِ ریاست جمهوری (entekhâbât-e riyâsat-e jomhuri) - The short 'e' links the noun to its modifier.

Compound Verbs (افعال مرکب)

برگزار کردن (to hold) - Persian uses a noun/adjective + a light verb (like kardan) to create new verbs.

Prepositions of Place/Event

در انتخابات (in the elections) - Always use 'dar' when talking about participating in the event.

Arabic Plurals in Persian

انتخابات (elections) - Words ending in 'ات' are usually Arabic feminine plurals adopted into Persian.

Passive Voice (مجهول)

انتخابات برگزار می‌شود (Elections are held) - Formed using the past participle + shodan.

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

انتخابات فردا است.

The elections are tomorrow.

Simple subject + complement + 'to be' verb.

من انتخابات را دوست دارم.

I like elections.

Using the direct object marker 'را' (râ).

این یک انتخابات است.

This is an election.

Basic identification sentence using 'این' (this).

اخبار درباره انتخابات است.

The news is about the elections.

Using the preposition 'درباره' (about).

روز انتخابات تعطیل است.

Election day is a holiday.

Noun phrase 'روز انتخابات' (election day).

آنها در انتخابات هستند.

They are at the elections.

Simple prepositional phrase 'در انتخابات' (in/at the elections).

انتخابات مهم است.

Elections are important.

Adjective 'مهم' (important) describing the noun.

ما انتخابات داریم.

We have elections.

Using the verb 'داشتن' (to have).

من در انتخابات شرکت می‌کنم.

I participate in the elections.

Present continuous tense with compound verb 'شرکت کردن'.

انتخابات در مدرسه برگزار می‌شود.

The elections are held at the school.

Passive voice 'برگزار می‌شود' (is held).

او برنده انتخابات شد.

He became the winner of the elections.

Past tense with 'شدن' (to become).

مردم برای انتخابات آماده هستند.

The people are ready for the elections.

Using preposition 'برای' (for).

نتایج انتخابات امشب اعلام می‌شود.

The election results will be announced tonight.

Noun phrase 'نتایج انتخابات' (election results).

آیا شما در انتخابات رای دادید؟

Did you vote in the elections?

Past tense question with 'رای دادن' (to vote).

این انتخابات بسیار بزرگ است.

This election is very big.

Using intensifier 'بسیار' (very).

نامزدهای انتخابات صحبت می‌کنند.

The election candidates are speaking.

Plural noun 'نامزدها' (candidates) linked with Ezafe.

رئیس جمهور در انتخابات پیروز شد.

The president won in the elections.

Using 'پیروز شدن' (to win).

میزان مشارکت در انتخابات بالا بود.

The turnout in the elections was high.

Vocabulary: 'میزان مشارکت' (turnout rate).

تبلیغات انتخابات از فردا شروع می‌شود.

Election campaigns start tomorrow.

Vocabulary: 'تبلیغات' (campaigns/advertisements).

آنها درباره تقلب در انتخابات بحث کردند.

They discussed fraud in the elections.

Vocabulary: 'تقلب' (fraud).

انتخابات مجلس هر چهار سال برگزار می‌شود.

Parliamentary elections are held every four years.

Collocation: 'انتخابات مجلس' (parliamentary elections).

مردم خواستار انتخابات آزاد و عادلانه هستند.

People are demanding free and fair elections.

Adjectives: 'آزاد و عادلانه' (free and fair).

او تصمیم گرفت نامزد انتخابات شود.

She decided to become an election candidate.

Compound verb: 'نامزد شدن' (to become a candidate).

اخبار انتخابات تمام شبکه‌ها را پر کرده است.

Election news has filled all the channels.

Present perfect tense 'پر کرده است' (has filled).

برگزاری انتخابات زودهنگام به دلیل بحران سیاسی بود.

Holding early elections was due to the political crisis.

Advanced vocabulary: 'انتخابات زودهنگام' (early/snap elections).

مناظره‌های انتخاباتی تاثیر زیادی بر افکار عمومی داشت.

The election debates had a great impact on public opinion.

Vocabulary: 'مناظره' (debate) and 'افکار عمومی' (public opinion).

برخی از احزاب تصمیم به تحریم انتخابات گرفتند.

Some parties decided to boycott the elections.

Vocabulary: 'تحریم' (boycott) and 'احزاب' (parties).

قانون جدید انتخابات با مخالفت‌های زیادی روبرو شد.

The new election law faced much opposition.

Passive construction with 'روبرو شد' (was faced with).

شفافیت در روند انتخابات برای حفظ دموکراسی ضروری است.

Transparency in the election process is essential for maintaining democracy.

Abstract nouns: 'شفافیت' (transparency) and 'دموکراسی' (democracy).

شمارش آرا پس از پایان زمان انتخابات آغاز گردید.

The counting of votes began after the election time ended.

Formal verb 'آغاز گردید' (began) instead of 'شروع شد'.

ستاد انتخاباتی او برنامه‌های اقتصادی خود را منتشر کرد.

His campaign headquarters published their economic plans.

Vocabulary: 'ستاد انتخاباتی' (campaign headquarters).

نظرسنجی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که رقابت در این انتخابات بسیار نزدیک است.

Polls show that the competition in this election is very close.

Vocabulary: 'نظرسنجی' (poll) and 'رقابت' (competition).

رد صلاحیت گسترده نامزدها، مشروعیت انتخابات را زیر سوال برد.

The widespread disqualification of candidates called the legitimacy of the elections into question.

Advanced vocabulary: 'رد صلاحیت' (disqualification) and 'مشروعیت' (legitimacy).

نظام انتخاباتی تناسبی می‌تواند به نمایندگی عادلانه‌تر اقلیت‌ها کمک کند.

A proportional electoral system can help with fairer representation of minorities.

Technical term: 'نظام انتخاباتی تناسبی' (proportional electoral system).

پوپولیسم در جریان مبارزات انتخاباتی به ابزاری برای جذب آرای خاکستری تبدیل شد.

Populism during the election campaigns became a tool to attract undecided (gray) votes.

Political jargon: 'آرای خاکستری' (undecided/gray votes).

تخلفات انتخاباتی توسط ناظران بین‌المللی مستند و گزارش گردید.

Electoral violations were documented and reported by international observers.

Formal passive voice and vocabulary: 'تخلفات' (violations) and 'ناظران' (observers).

قطبی شدن شدید جامعه، پیامد مستقیم ادبیات تهاجمی در این انتخابات بود.

The severe polarization of society was a direct consequence of the aggressive rhetoric in these elections.

Abstract concepts: 'قطبی شدن' (polarization) and 'ادبیات تهاجمی' (aggressive rhetoric).

ائتلاف احزاب اصلاح‌طلب توانست معادلات انتخابات را به نفع خود تغییر دهد.

The coalition of reformist parties managed to change the election equations in their favor.

Vocabulary: 'ائتلاف' (coalition) and 'اصلاح‌طلب' (reformist).

تامین مالی کمپین‌های انتخاباتی همواره یکی از چالش‌های شفافیت سیاسی بوده است.

The financing of election campaigns has always been one of the challenges of political transparency.

Complex noun phrase: 'تامین مالی کمپین‌های انتخاباتی' (financing of election campaigns).

آرای باطله در این دوره از انتخابات رکورد بی‌سابقه‌ای را ثبت کرد.

Invalid votes in this election cycle set an unprecedented record.

Vocabulary: 'آرای باطله' (invalid votes) and 'رکورد بی‌سابقه' (unprecedented record).

تحلیل‌گران معتقدند که مهندسی انتخابات از طریق تغییر حوزه‌های انتخابیه صورت گرفته است.

Analysts believe that electoral engineering has occurred through gerrymandering (changing electoral districts).

Highly specialized term: 'مهندسی انتخابات' (electoral engineering) and 'حوزه‌های انتخابیه' (electoral districts).

فقدان نهادهای مدنی مستقل، امکان نظارت استصوابی بر روند انتخابات را تسهیل می‌کند.

The lack of independent civil institutions facilitates the possibility of approbatory supervision over the electoral process.

Deep Iranian political context: 'نظارت استصوابی' (approbatory supervision).

گفتمان حاکم بر این انتخابات، بازتابی از شکاف‌های عمیق طبقاتی و ایدئولوژیک در ساختار حاکمیت بود.

The dominant discourse of these elections was a reflection of deep class and ideological rifts within the governance structure.

Academic phrasing: 'گفتمان حاکم' (dominant discourse) and 'شکاف‌های عمیق' (deep rifts).

اپوزیسیون خارج از کشور با راه‌اندازی کارزارهای رسانه‌ای، تلاش کرد تا پروژه تحریم فعال انتخابات را پیش ببرد.

The opposition abroad, by launching media campaigns, tried to advance the project of an active boycott of the elections.

Political terminology: 'اپوزیسیون' (opposition) and 'تحریم فعال' (active boycott).

مشارکت توده‌ای در انتخابات، لزوماً به معنای نهادینه شدن دموکراسی در یک نظام اقتدارگرا نیست.

Mass participation in elections does not necessarily mean the institutionalization of democracy in an authoritarian regime.

Philosophical/political science concepts: 'نهادینه شدن' (institutionalization) and 'نظام اقتدارگرا' (authoritarian regime).

تغییر قانون اساسی برای تمدید دوره ریاست جمهوری، عملاً مفهوم انتخابات رقابتی را بلاموضوع کرد.

Changing the constitution to extend the presidential term effectively rendered the concept of competitive elections moot.

Advanced vocabulary: 'بلاموضوع کرد' (rendered moot/irrelevant).

رفتار انتخاباتی شهروندان در کلان‌شهرها تفاوت معناداری با الگوهای رای‌دهی در مناطق روستایی نشان می‌دهد.

The electoral behavior of citizens in metropolises shows a significant difference from voting patterns in rural areas.

Sociological terms: 'رفتار انتخاباتی' (electoral behavior) and 'الگوهای رای‌دهی' (voting patterns).

مصادره به مطلوب نتایج انتخابات توسط جناح پیروز، به حاشیه‌راندن بیشتر منتقدان منجر شد.

The appropriation of the election results by the winning faction led to the further marginalization of critics.

Literary/journalistic phrase: 'مصادره به مطلوب' (appropriation/twisting to one's advantage).

ترکیب‌های رایج

انتخابات ریاست جمهوری

انتخابات مجلس

انتخابات آزاد

برگزار کردن انتخابات

شرکت در انتخابات

تقلب در انتخابات

نتایج انتخابات

ستاد انتخابات

انتخابات زودهنگام

نامزد انتخابات

عبارات رایج

روز انتخابات

شور انتخاباتی

کمپین انتخاباتی

وعده‌های انتخاباتی

قانون انتخابات

حوزه انتخابیه

ناظران انتخاباتی

سکوت انتخاباتی

تخلفات انتخاباتی

آرای انتخاباتی

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

انتخابات vs انتخاب (entekhâb)

'انتخاب' is the singular choice. 'انتخابات' is the formal political event of voting. Do not use 'انتخابات' for choosing a shirt or a meal.

انتخابات vs رای‌گیری (rây-giri)

'رای‌گیری' specifically refers to the act of casting ballots (voting). 'انتخابات' encompasses the entire process including campaigns, debates, and the voting itself.

انتخابات vs انتصاب (entesâb)

'انتصاب' means appointment (by an authority). It is the opposite of 'انتخابات' (election by the people).

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"تنور انتخابات را گرم کردن"

To heat up the election oven. Meaning to create excitement and encourage participation in the elections.

رسانه‌ها سعی دارند تنور انتخابات را گرم کنند.

Informal/Journalistic

"رای خاکستری"

Gray vote. Refers to undecided voters who might swing the election.

نامزدها به دنبال جذب آرای خاکستری هستند.

Journalistic

"مهندسی انتخابات"

Electoral engineering. Manipulating the electoral process or rules to guarantee a specific outcome.

برخی از مهندسی انتخابات انتقاد کردند.

Formal/Critical

"رای دادن با پا"

Voting with one's feet. Showing disapproval by leaving or boycotting. (Borrowed concept, sometimes used in political analysis).

مردم با عدم مشارکت، با پاهای خود رای دادند.

Literary/Analytical

"صندوق رای حرف آخر را می‌زند"

The ballot box has the final say. Meaning the actual votes determine the outcome, regardless of predictions.

در نهایت، صندوق رای حرف آخر را می‌زند.

Neutral/Proverbial

"خرید و فروش رای"

Buying and selling votes. Electoral bribery.

خرید و فروش رای جرم است.

Formal/Legal

"رای اعتراضی"

Protest vote. Voting for a fringe candidate or casting a blank ballot to show dissatisfaction.

بسیاری از آرا، رای اعتراضی بود.

Journalistic

"موج سواری انتخاباتی"

Electoral surfing. Exploiting a current trend or crisis to gain votes.

او در حال موج‌سواری انتخاباتی روی مشکلات اقتصادی است.

Informal/Critical

"رای لیستی"

List voting. Voting for an entire party list rather than individual candidates.

در تهران معمولاً مردم رای لیستی می‌دهند.

Neutral

"کارت زرد انتخاباتی"

Electoral yellow card. A warning given by voters to the ruling party through poor election results.

مردم در این انتخابات به دولت کارت زرد دادند.

Journalistic

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

انتخابات vs انتخاب

It is the singular root of the word.

Use 'انتخاب' for a personal choice (e.g., choosing a color). Use 'انتخابات' for a political voting event.

این انتخاب من است. (This is my choice.) vs. انتخابات فردا است. (The elections are tomorrow.)

انتخابات vs گزینش

Both involve selecting someone.

'گزینش' is a selection process by a committee or authority (like a job interview screening). 'انتخابات' is a public vote.

گزینش معلم‌ها سخت است. (The selection of teachers is hard.)

انتخابات vs همه‌پرسی

Both involve public voting.

'همه‌پرسی' (referendum) is voting on a specific issue or law. 'انتخابات' is voting for a person/candidate.

همه‌پرسی برای قانون جدید. (Referendum for the new law.)

انتخابات vs رای

Related to voting.

'رای' is the individual vote cast. 'انتخابات' is the event where votes are cast.

من رای دادم. (I voted.)

انتخابات vs انتصاب

Sounds similar and relates to getting a position.

'انتصاب' is being appointed by a boss or leader, without a public vote.

انتصاب مدیر جدید. (The appointment of the new manager.)

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Subject] در انتخابات شرکت [Verb - present/past].

من در انتخابات شرکت می‌کنم. (I participate in the elections.)

انتخابات در [Time/Date] برگزار می‌شود.

انتخابات در ماه آینده برگزار می‌شود. (Elections are held next month.)

[Candidate] در انتخابات پیروز شد.

او در انتخابات پیروز شد. (He won in the elections.)

نتایج انتخابات [Time] اعلام می‌شود.

نتایج انتخابات فردا اعلام می‌شود. (The election results will be announced tomorrow.)

میزان مشارکت در انتخابات [Adjective] بود.

میزان مشارکت در انتخابات بالا بود. (The turnout in the elections was high.)

دلیل برگزاری انتخابات زودهنگام [Reason] بود.

دلیل برگزاری انتخابات زودهنگام بحران اقتصادی بود. (The reason for holding early elections was the economic crisis.)

با وجود [Obstacle]، انتخابات برگزار گردید.

با وجود تحریم‌ها، انتخابات برگزار گردید. (Despite the boycotts, the elections were held.)

[Action] تاثیر عمیقی بر روند انتخابات گذاشت.

مناظره‌ها تاثیر عمیقی بر روند انتخابات گذاشت. (The debates had a profound impact on the election process.)

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very High (especially during election years)

اشتباهات رایج

Saying 'من انتخابات کردم' to mean 'I voted'. → من در انتخابات رای دادم. (I voted in the elections.)
'انتخابات کردن' is not a valid verb in Persian. You must use 'رای دادن' (to vote) or 'شرکت کردن' (to participate).
Using 'انتخابات' for a personal choice, like 'این ماشین انتخابات من است'. → این ماشین انتخاب من است. (This car is my choice.)
'انتخابات' strictly means a political or formal voting event. For personal choices, use the singular 'انتخاب'.
Writing 'انتخابات‌ها' to mean multiple elections. → انتخابات (used for both singular event and plural concept).
The word already contains the Arabic plural suffix 'ات'. Adding the Persian 'ها' is redundant in formal writing.
Pronouncing it 'entekabat' with a hard 'k'. → Pronouncing it 'entekhâbât' with a guttural 'kh'.
The letter 'خ' (khe) must be pronounced as a fricative in the back of the throat, not as an English 'k'.
Forgetting the preposition 'در' when talking about participating. Saying 'من انتخابات شرکت کردم'. → من در انتخابات شرکت کردم.
The verb 'شرکت کردن' (to participate) requires the preposition 'در' (in). You participate IN the elections.

نکات

The Ezafe is Crucial

Always remember to use the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound) when linking 'انتخابات' to the type of election. Example: انتخاباتِ مجلس (entekhâbât-e majles).

Use the Right Verb

Never say 'انتخابات کردن'. Always use 'برگزار کردن' (to hold) or 'شرکت کردن' (to participate).

Master the 'Kh' Sound

Practice the guttural 'kh' (خ) sound. If you pronounce it as a hard 'k', native speakers might misunderstand you.

A Hot Topic

Politics is a very common conversation topic in Persian-speaking cultures. Knowing election vocabulary will help you connect with locals.

News Headlines

Look for the word 'انتخابات' in Persian news sites. It is one of the most frequently used words in journalism.

Avoid Double Plurals

Do not write 'انتخابات‌ها'. The word is already pluralized with the Arabic '-ât' suffix.

Listen for Collocations

When you hear 'انتخابات', listen for the words that usually follow it, like 'آزاد' (free) or 'ریاست جمهوری' (presidential).

Choice vs. Election

Keep 'انتخاب' (choice) and 'انتخابات' (election) strictly separated in your mind to avoid awkward translations.

Adjective Form

To say 'electoral', add an 'i' to the end: 'انتخاباتی' (entekhâbâti). Example: کمپین انتخاباتی (electoral campaign).

Informal Usage

In very casual speech, people might shorten 'انتخابات' to just 'انتخاب' when context is clear, but stick to the full word as a learner.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine an ANT (ان) taking a TAXI (تخ) to a BAR (با) to get a T (ت) shirt that says 'I Voted'. Ant-taxi-bar-t -> En-te-kha-bat.

تداعی تصویری

Visualize a large ballot box with the letters ا ن ت خ ا ب ا ت dropping into it like individual voting slips.

شبکه واژگان

انتخابات رای (vote) نامزد (candidate) صندوق (box) رئیس جمهور (president) مجلس (parliament) مردم (people) پیروز (winner)

چالش

Try writing three sentences using 'انتخابات' with three different verbs: برگزار کردن (to hold), شرکت کردن (to participate), and پیروز شدن (to win).

ریشه کلمه

The word is derived from the Arabic root ن-خ-ب (n-kh-b), which relates to extracting the best part of something, or choosing the elite. In Arabic, 'intikhāb' means selection. Persian adopted this word and uses the Arabic feminine plural suffix '-āt' (ات) to form 'entekhâbât'.

معنای اصلی: Originally, the root meant to extract the marrow from a bone, metaphorically evolving to mean extracting the best individuals from a group, hence 'selection' or 'election'.

Afroasiatic > Semitic > Arabic (loanword into Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Persian).

بافت فرهنگی

Discussing elections in Persian-speaking countries can be highly sensitive. Be aware that people may have strong, polarized views about the legitimacy of the electoral process, electoral fraud, and the political system as a whole. Approach the topic with neutrality and respect for differing opinions.

In English, we often say 'the election is coming up' (singular). In Persian, you always use the plural form 'انتخابات' for this civic event, never the singular 'انتخاب'.

The 2009 Iranian presidential election (انتخابات ریاست جمهوری سال ۱۳۸۸) is a highly referenced historical event due to the massive protests that followed it, known as the Green Movement. The documentary film 'Elections' (انتخابات) by various Iranian filmmakers capturing the street atmosphere.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Watching the News

نتایج انتخابات (election results)
شمارش آرا (counting of votes)
میزان مشارکت (turnout rate)
حوزه انتخابیه (electoral district)

Discussing Politics with Friends

به کی رای میدی؟ (Who are you voting for?)
شرکت می‌کنی؟ (Are you participating?)
وعده‌های الکی (empty promises)
نامزد مورد علاقه (favorite candidate)

Reading a Newspaper

تیتر اول (front page headline)
سرمقاله (editorial)
تحلیل انتخاباتی (electoral analysis)
نظرسنجی (poll)

Academic/Historical Study

تاریخچه انتخابات (history of elections)
قانون اساسی (constitution)
حق رای (right to vote)
دموکراسی (democracy)

Social Media

هشتگ انتخابات (elections hashtag)
مناظره زنده (live debate)
کمپین مجازی (virtual campaign)
اخبار جعلی (fake news)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"آیا فکر می‌کنید شرکت در انتخابات وظیفه هر شهروند است؟ (Do you think participating in elections is the duty of every citizen?)"

"به نظر شما مهم‌ترین ویژگی یک نامزد انتخابات چیست؟ (In your opinion, what is the most important characteristic of an election candidate?)"

"آیا مناظره‌های انتخاباتی تاثیری روی رای شما دارد؟ (Do election debates have an impact on your vote?)"

"چگونه می‌توان از تقلب در انتخابات جلوگیری کرد؟ (How can electoral fraud be prevented?)"

"تفاوت انتخابات در کشور شما با ایران چیست؟ (What is the difference between elections in your country and Iran?)"

موضوعات نگارش

Write about the first time you voted in an election. (درباره اولین باری که در انتخابات رای دادید بنویسید.)

Describe the atmosphere of your city during an election season. (فضای شهر خود را در فصل انتخابات توصیف کنید.)

If you were a candidate in an election, what would be your main promise? (اگر نامزد انتخابات بودید، وعده اصلی شما چه بود؟)

Analyze the impact of social media on modern elections. (تاثیر رسانه‌های اجتماعی بر انتخابات مدرن را تحلیل کنید.)

Write a short news report about a fictional election. (یک گزارش خبری کوتاه درباره یک انتخابات خیالی بنویسید.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Morphologically, it is plural (it has the Arabic plural suffix '-ât'). However, syntactically and conceptually, it is often treated as a singular event in modern Persian, similar to how we say 'the election' in English. You can use singular verbs with it, though plural verbs are also grammatically acceptable in formal writing.

You say 'من در انتخابات رای می‌دهم' (Man dar entekhâbât rây midaham) or 'من در انتخابات شرکت می‌کنم' (Man dar entekhâbât sherkat mikonam - I participate in the election).

'انتخاب' (entekhâb) means a single choice or selection. 'انتخابات' (entekhâbât) specifically refers to the formal, organized political process of elections.

No. 'انتخابات' is already a plural form. Saying 'انتخابات‌ها' is considered redundant and incorrect in formal Persian, though you might hear it rarely in colloquial speech.

The correct compound verb is 'برگزار کردن' (borgozâr kardan). So, 'The government holds an election' is 'دولت انتخابات برگزار می‌کند'.

The 'kh' (خ) is a voiceless velar fricative. It sounds like the 'ch' in the Scottish word 'loch' or the German 'Bach'. It is produced in the back of the throat.

It means 'campaign headquarters'. 'ستاد' (setâd) means headquarters, and 'انتخاباتی' is the adjective form of elections.

You say 'انتخابات ریاست جمهوری' (entekhâbât-e riyâsat-e jomhuri). Don't forget the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound) connecting the words.

A referendum is called 'همه‌پرسی' (hame-porsi) or 'رفراندوم' (referândom). It is different from 'انتخابات', which is for choosing people.

Yes, but it still implies a formal voting process. For example, 'انتخابات شورای دانش‌آموزی' (student council elections) or 'انتخابات هیئت مدیره' (board of directors elections).