désespérer در ۳۰ ثانیه
- To lose hope.
- To abandon optimism about an outcome.
- To reach a state of deep discouragement.
- To feel a situation is irrecoverable.
Understanding Désespérer
- Core Meaning
- To lose or abandon hope; to become despairing. It signifies a profound sense of hopelessness and the feeling that a situation is irrecoverable.
- Emotional Depth
- This verb carries a strong emotional weight. It's not just about being sad or disappointed; it's about reaching a point where one feels there are no positive outcomes possible, leading to a state of deep despair.
- Contexts of Use
- You'll often encounter 'désespérer' in discussions about difficult personal circumstances, challenging social or political situations, or even in literature and art that explores themes of suffering and loss. It can describe a personal feeling or a collective sentiment.
After months of searching for a job with no success, he began to désespérer.
The constant setbacks made the team désespérer of winning the championship.
- Nuance of 'Abandoning Hope'
- When someone 'désespère', they are not just sad; they have given up on the possibility of a positive outcome. This can be a very isolating and painful experience. It suggests a complete lack of faith in the future or in one's ability to influence it. It's a strong word that conveys a deep emotional state.
Faced with overwhelming debt, many individuals start to désespérer about their financial future.
- Beyond Personal Feelings
- While often personal, 'désespérer' can also describe a broader societal or group sentiment. For example, a nation might 'désespérer' of finding a peaceful resolution to a conflict, or a community might 'désespérer' of seeing improvements in their local environment. This collective despair can have significant social and political implications.
When the rescue team couldn't find survivors, the families began to désespérer.
- Intensity of the Word
- 'Désespérer' is a powerful verb. It's not used for minor setbacks or temporary disappointments. It implies a serious loss of optimism and a surrender to negative circumstances. Using it correctly adds significant emotional depth and expressiveness to your French.
Mastering 'Désespérer' in Context
- Direct Object: Losing Hope in Someone/Something
- You can use 'désespérer' with a direct object to indicate losing hope in a specific person, situation, or outcome. This structure highlights the object of despair.
After several failed attempts, the inventor started to désespérer his project.
Don't désespérer your friends; they need your support now more than ever.
- Indirect Object with 'de': Despairing of Doing Something
- The preposition 'de' is frequently used after 'désespérer' when followed by an infinitive or a noun, indicating that one has lost hope regarding a particular action or a specific thing.
She began to désespérer de trouver une solution à son problème financier.
The coach refused to désespérer de la victoire, even when they were losing.
- Reflexive Form 'Se Désespérer': To Despair
- The reflexive form 'se désespérer' is very common and means 'to become despairing' or 'to fall into despair'. It emphasizes the internal emotional state of the subject.
He sat alone, starting to se désespérer as the news got worse.
It's important not to se désespérer too quickly when facing challenges.
- Using with Clause starting with 'que' (Subjunctive)
- When expressing that one fears or believes it's unlikely that something will happen, 'désespérer' can be followed by 'que' and the subjunctive mood. This is a more formal construction.
Il désespère que la situation s'améliore bientôt.
Nous désespérons qu'il vienne à la réunion.
- Conjugation Notes
- 'Désespérer' is a regular -er verb, but it has a spelling change in some forms. The 'é' becomes 'è' before a silent 'e' (e.g., je désespère, tu désespères, il désespère) and in the future and conditional tenses (e.g., je désespérerai). It follows the pattern of verbs like 'espérer'.
Past Participle: désespéré (used as an adjective too)
Present Participle: désespérant (also used as an adjective)
Real-World Usage of 'Désespérer'
- News and Current Events
- You'll frequently hear 'désespérer' in news reports discussing humanitarian crises, political impasses, or environmental disasters. Journalists might describe populations 'se désespérant' of aid or governments 'désespérant' of finding a diplomatic solution.
Le reportage évoquait les habitants qui commençaient à désespérer de voir leur quartier réhabilité.
- Literature and Film
- Authors and filmmakers often use 'désespérer' to portray characters in moments of extreme emotional distress or facing insurmountable odds. It's a powerful word to convey a character's inner turmoil and loss of faith.
Dans le roman, le personnage principal se met à désespérer après la perte de sa famille.
- Personal Conversations
- While it's a strong word, French speakers might use 'désespérer' in personal conversations to describe a deep sense of frustration or hopelessness about a persistent problem, like a difficult relationship, a long-term illness, or a seemingly unchangeable situation.
'J'en ai marre, je commence à désespérer de trouver un logement abordable dans cette ville.'
- Songs and Poetry
- The emotional intensity of 'désespérer' makes it a common theme in songs and poetry, where artists explore the depths of human suffering, loss, and the struggle against despair.
A classic French chanson might feature lyrics about a love lost, where the singer sings of how they 'désespèrent' of ever finding happiness again.
- Historical Accounts
- In historical writings, you might find descriptions of soldiers 'se désespérant' on the battlefield, or civilians 'désespérant' of surviving a siege. The word captures the extreme conditions and emotional toll of historical events.
L'historien décrivait comment les citoyens commençaient à désespérer de la fin de la guerre.
- Psychological Discussions
- In discussions about mental health or psychology, 'désespérer' can be used to describe a state of severe depression or hopelessness. Therapists might discuss a patient's journey of moving from a state of despair to finding hope.
Il est crucial de ne pas laisser un patient désespérer face à une maladie chronique.
Avoiding Pitfalls with 'Désespérer'
- Confusing with 'Espérer'
- The most frequent mistake is confusing 'désespérer' with its antonym 'espérer' (to hope). 'Espérer' expresses a positive outlook, while 'désespérer' signifies the complete loss of that outlook. Using 'désespérer' when you mean 'hope' would completely invert the intended meaning.
Incorrect: Je désespère qu'il pleuve. (I despair that it rains.)
Correct: J'espère qu'il pleuve. (I hope it rains.) OR Je désespère qu'il ne pleuve pas. (I despair that it doesn't rain.)
- Overusing for Minor Disappointments
- 'Désespérer' is a strong verb. It should not be used for everyday disappointments or minor setbacks. Using it too casually can make your language sound overly dramatic or insincere.
Incorrect: J'ai raté mon bus, je désespère ! (I missed my bus, I despair!)
Better: Je suis déçu(e) d'avoir raté mon bus. (I am disappointed to have missed my bus.) or J'en ai marre de rater mon bus. (I'm fed up with missing my bus.)
- Incorrect Preposition Usage
- While 'de' is common, ensure you're using the correct grammatical structure. 'Désespérer' can take a direct object (losing hope *in* something/someone) or be followed by 'de' + infinitive/noun (losing hope *of* doing something). The reflexive 'se désespérer' is also common.
Incorrect: Je désespère pour mon avenir. (Grammatically awkward)
Correct: Je désespère de mon avenir. (I despair of my future.) OR Je me désespère en pensant à mon avenir. (I despair thinking about my future.)
- Misusing the Past Participle as an Adjective
- The past participle 'désespéré' can be used as an adjective meaning 'desperate' or 'hopeless'. While correct, ensure the context fits. Sometimes, 'désespérant' (hopeless, despairing - present participle used as adjective) might be more appropriate to describe a situation rather than a person's state.
Correct use of adjective: Une situation désespérée. (A hopeless situation.)
Correct use of adjective: Il est désespéré par la nouvelle. (He is despaired by the news.)
- Spelling Irregularities
- Remember the spelling change: 'é' becomes 'è' before a silent 'e' in conjugation (je désespère, tu désespères, il désespère). This is a common pitfall for learners.
Incorrect: Je désespére. (Missing the grave accent)
Correct: Je désespère.
Exploring Alternatives to 'Désespérer'
- Synonym: Se lamenter (to lament, to moan)
-
Usage: 'Se lamenter' focuses more on the outward expression of sorrow or regret, often through complaining or crying. It's less about the complete abandonment of hope and more about expressing deep sadness.
Example: Elle se lamente sur son sort depuis des semaines.
Comparison: While someone who 'se lamente' might be on the verge of despair, 'désespérer' implies they have already reached that point of hopelessness.
- Synonym: Perdre courage (to lose courage)
-
Usage: This phrase describes a decline in bravery or determination, often due to difficulties. It's a step towards despair but doesn't necessarily mean complete hopelessness.
Example: Face aux obstacles, il a fini par perdre courage.
Comparison: 'Perdre courage' is less intense than 'désespérer'. You can lose courage and still find it again, whereas 'désespérer' suggests a more profound and potentially lasting loss of hope.
- Related Concept: Le désespoir (noun - despair)
-
Usage: This is the noun form, referring to the state of despair itself.
Example: Son regard était rempli de désespoir.
Comparison: 'Désespérer' is the verb form, indicating the action or process of falling into despair or causing someone to lose hope. 'Le désespoir' is the resulting state.
- Alternative: Abandonner tout espoir (to abandon all hope)
-
Usage: This phrase is a direct and explicit way to say one has given up on any positive outcome.
Example: Face à cette situation, ils ont abandonné tout espoir.
Comparison: 'Désespérer' can be more nuanced, implying the process of losing hope. 'Abandonner tout espoir' is a definitive statement of having already lost it.
- Alternative: Être au plus mal (to be in a very bad state)
-
Usage: This idiom describes a situation or a person being in a very difficult, often critical, condition.
Example: Son entreprise est au plus mal depuis la crise économique.
Comparison: While a situation that is 'au plus mal' can lead to despair, it doesn't inherently mean hope has been lost. It focuses on the severity of the current circumstances.
- Antonym: Espérer (to hope)
-
Usage: The direct opposite, expressing a belief or desire that something will happen.
Example: J'espère qu'il fera beau demain.
Comparison: This is the fundamental contrast. 'Espérer' is looking forward with optimism, 'désespérer' is giving up on that optimism.
- Antonym: Croire (to believe)
-
Usage: To have faith or conviction in something or someone.
Example: Je crois en votre potentiel.
Comparison: Losing hope ('désespérer') often involves losing faith or belief in a positive outcome. 'Croire' signifies the presence of that faith.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The root 'sper-' for 'hope' is also found in English words like 'desperate' and 'prosper'. The 'de-' prefix in 'desperate' carries the same sense of 'away from' or 'lack of', mirroring the French 'désespérer'.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing the 's' as a 'z' sound in the middle ('dez-pay-ray').
- Not pronouncing the final 'r' sound correctly.
- Misplacing the stress on an earlier syllable.
- Confusing the 'é' sound with a regular 'e' sound.
- Omitting the grave accent on the first 'e' when it should be there in certain conjugations ('désespère').
سطح دشواری
At B1 level, learners will encounter 'désespérer' in contexts of personal struggle or challenging situations. Understanding its nuances requires grasping the concept of losing hope, which can be challenging. Higher levels (B2-C1) will see it used more frequently and in more complex sentence structures, often with subjunctive clauses or as part of idiomatic expressions, increasing the difficulty.
Using 'désespérer' correctly in writing requires careful attention to conjugation, prepositions ('de'), and the subjunctive mood when used with 'que'. Distinguishing between 'désespérer', 'se désespérer', and its adjective forms ('désespéré', 'désespérant') also adds complexity. It's a word that can easily be misused if the intensity of the emotion isn't fully understood.
Pronunciation can be tricky, especially the 'é' to 'è' shift in conjugation and the final 'r'. More importantly, using 'désespérer' appropriately in speech requires a good grasp of its emotional weight. Overusing it for minor issues can sound dramatic, while underusing it when appropriate might miss an opportunity for expressive communication.
Recognizing 'désespérer' in spoken French, especially in fast speech or with varied accents, can be challenging. Its strong emotional connotation means listeners need to discern if the speaker is expressing genuine hopelessness or a lesser form of frustration.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
The Subjunctive Mood after 'désespérer que'
'Désespérer que' expresses doubt or a negative expectation, triggering the subjunctive. Example: Je désespère qu'il vienne. (I despair that he will come.)
The Use of 'de' with Infinitives after Verbs of Emotion/State
Verbs expressing emotions like despair often use 'de' before an infinitive. Example: Il désespère de trouver une solution. (He despairs of finding a solution.)
Reflexive Verbs and the Concept of Internal State
'Se désespérer' emphasizes the internal emotional state of the subject. Example: Elle se désespère. (She despairs.)
Past Participle as an Adjective
The past participle 'désespéré' can function as an adjective. Example: Une situation désespérée. (A hopeless situation.)
Spelling Changes in Verb Conjugation
The 'é' in 'désespérer' changes to 'è' before a silent 'e' in certain conjugations. Example: Je désespère (present), but je désespérerai (future).
مثالها بر اساس سطح
Il ne faut pas désespérer.
One must not despair.
Basic imperative negative.
Je désespère.
I despair.
Simple present tense.
Ne désespère pas.
Don't despair.
Imperative negative, singular.
Ils désespèrent.
They despair.
Present tense, third person plural.
Elle désespère de le voir.
She despairs of seeing him.
Use of 'de' + infinitive.
Nous ne désespérons pas.
We do not despair.
Present tense negative.
Tu désespère de réussir ?
Do you despair of succeeding?
Interrogative form.
Il désespère de son ami.
He despairs of his friend.
Direct object usage.
Après tant d'efforts, il commence à désespérer.
After so many efforts, he starts to despair.
Use of 'commencer à' with the verb.
Elle ne veut pas désespérer face aux difficultés.
She doesn't want to despair in the face of difficulties.
Negation with infinitive.
Les citoyens désespèrent de trouver une solution.
The citizens despair of finding a solution.
Plural subject, 'de' + infinitive.
Ne désespérons pas de leur aide.
Let's not despair of their help.
Imperative plural 'nous' form.
Il s'est mis à désespérer quand il a entendu la nouvelle.
He started to despair when he heard the news.
Reflexive verb 'se mettre à' + infinitive.
Nous ne devons pas désespérer de l'avenir.
We must not despair of the future.
'devoir' + infinitive negative.
Pourquoi désespérer si vite ?
Why despair so quickly?
Interrogative with 'pourquoi'.
La situation semble désespérée.
The situation seems hopeless.
Past participle used as an adjective.
Après des mois sans emploi, il commençait à désespérer de trouver un travail.
After months without employment, he was beginning to despair of finding a job.
Imperfect tense, 'de' + infinitive.
Il est facile de se désespérer quand les choses vont mal.
It is easy to despair when things go wrong.
Reflexive form with impersonal 'il est'.
Les habitants désespèrent de voir leur quartier amélioré.
The inhabitants despair of seeing their neighborhood improved.
Plural subject, 'de' + infinitive.
On ne doit jamais désespérer de la bonté humaine.
One must never despair of human kindness.
Impersonal 'on', negative imperative.
Elle s'est mise à désespérer de la situation politique.
She began to despair of the political situation.
Reflexive past compound tense.
Ne désespérez pas de trouver une issue à ce conflit.
Do not despair of finding a way out of this conflict.
Plural imperative, 'de' + infinitive.
Il désespère que le projet soit accepté.
He despairs that the project will be accepted.
'que' + subjunctive mood.
La situation est désespérée, mais il faut garder espoir.
The situation is hopeless, but we must keep hope.
Past participle as adjective.
Face à tant d'injustice, il est difficile de ne pas se désespérer.
Faced with so much injustice, it is difficult not to despair.
Reflexive form, impersonal 'il est'.
Les scientifiques ne désespèrent pas de trouver un remède contre cette maladie.
Scientists do not despair of finding a cure for this disease.
Plural subject, negative present tense, 'de' + infinitive.
Elle désespérait de voir ses efforts reconnus un jour.
She despaired of seeing her efforts recognized one day.
Imperfect tense, 'de' + infinitive.
Il ne faut pas désespérer de la capacité de l'homme à surmonter les crises.
One must not despair of man's ability to overcome crises.
Impersonal 'il faut', negative, 'de' + noun phrase.
Les réfugiés se désespèrent de retrouver un foyer.
The refugees despair of finding a home again.
Reflexive, plural subject, 'de' + infinitive.
Ne désespérez pas de pouvoir changer les choses, même si cela semble difficile.
Do not despair of being able to change things, even if it seems difficult.
Plural imperative, 'de' + infinitive.
Il désespère que nous parvenions à un accord avant la date limite.
He despairs that we will reach an agreement before the deadline.
'que' + subjunctive.
Le paysage était désespérant, marqué par la sécheresse.
The landscape was despairing, marked by drought.
Past participle as adjective.
Dans les moments de profonde détresse, il est tentant de se laisser désespérer par les événements.
In moments of deep distress, it is tempting to let oneself be despaired by events.
Reflexive with passive implication, 'par' + agent.
Les dirigeants politiques ne peuvent se permettre de désespérer de trouver des solutions durables.
Political leaders cannot afford to despair of finding lasting solutions.
Reflexive, 'se permettre de' + infinitive.
Elle désespérait de jamais revoir son pays natal après tant d'années d'exil.
She despaired of ever seeing her homeland again after so many years of exile.
Imperfect tense, 'de' + infinitive + adverb.
Il est primordial de ne pas désespérer de la résilience humaine face à l'adversité.
It is paramount not to despair of human resilience in the face of adversity.
Impersonal 'il est primordial', negative, 'de' + noun phrase.
Les artistes ont souvent tendance à se désespérer face aux contraintes du marché.
Artists often tend to despair in the face of market constraints.
Reflexive, 'avoir tendance à' + infinitive.
Ne désespérez pas de pouvoir contribuer positivement, même par de petites actions.
Do not despair of being able to contribute positively, even through small actions.
Plural imperative, 'de' + infinitive.
Il désespère que les négociations aboutissent à un accord satisfaisant pour tous.
He despairs that the negotiations will lead to a satisfactory agreement for all.
'que' + subjunctive.
La situation économique globale semblait désespérante à l'époque.
The overall economic situation seemed despairing at the time.
Past participle as adjective.
Face à l'ampleur de la catastrophe, il était compréhensible que certains aient commencé à se désespérer.
Faced with the scale of the catastrophe, it was understandable that some had begun to despair.
Reflexive, 'il était compréhensible que' + subjunctive past.
Les intellectuels ne sauraient désespérer de la capacité de l'humanité à apprendre de ses erreurs.
Intellectuals could not despair of humanity's ability to learn from its mistakes.
Conditional past, 'savoir' + infinitive negative, 'de' + noun phrase.
Elle désespérait de jamais retrouver la sérénité perdue suite au traumatisme.
She despaired of ever regaining the serenity lost after the trauma.
Imperfect tense, 'de' + infinitive + adverb.
Il est de notre devoir de ne pas désespérer de la possibilité d'un avenir meilleur pour tous.
It is our duty not to despair of the possibility of a better future for all.
Impersonal 'il est de notre devoir', negative, 'de' + noun phrase.
Les artistes contemporains peuvent parfois se désespérer face à la commercialisation de l'art.
Contemporary artists can sometimes despair in the face of the commercialization of art.
Reflexive, 'pouvoir' + infinitive.
Ne désespérez pas de pouvoir encore infléchir le cours des événements par une action concertée.
Do not despair of being able to still influence the course of events through concerted action.
Plural imperative, 'de' + infinitive + adverb.
Il désespère que les différentes factions parviennent à un consensus avant que la situation ne devienne irréversible.
He despairs that the different factions will reach a consensus before the situation becomes irreversible.
'que' + subjunctive, 'avant que' + subjunctive.
Le bilan de la catastrophe était désespérant, mais l'esprit de solidarité a prévalu.
The toll of the catastrophe was despairing, but the spirit of solidarity prevailed.
Past participle as adjective.
مترادفها
متضادها
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Don't despair! This is a common way to encourage someone who is feeling hopeless.
Même si c'est difficile, ne désespère pas ! Tu vas y arriver.
— One must not despair. This is often used as general advice or a maxim.
Face aux problèmes, il ne faut pas désespérer, il faut chercher des solutions.
— She is despairing. This describes someone's internal state of losing hope.
Elle se désespère de ne pas trouver de travail.
— A hopeless situation. This uses the past participle as an adjective to describe a dire circumstance.
Les médecins ont déclaré que sa situation était désespérée.
— It's despairing! / It's hopeless! An exclamation used to express extreme frustration or hopelessness about a situation.
Il pleut depuis trois jours et le match est annulé, c'est désespérant !
— I despaired of... (using the past tense). This indicates a past loss of hope regarding a specific action or outcome.
J'avais désespéré de le convaincre.
— They despair of their country. This expresses a collective loss of hope in the future or direction of their nation.
Les citoyens désespèrent de leur pays face à la corruption.
— Without despairing. Used to describe continuing an action despite difficult circumstances.
Il a continué à travailler sans désespérer.
— He despairs that... (followed by the subjunctive). Expresses a fear or belief that something negative will happen.
Il désespère que nous arrivions en retard.
— Despair sets in. This describes the beginning of a state of hopelessness.
Après la défaite, le désespoir s'est installé dans l'équipe.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
'Espérer' means to hope. It is the direct antonym. Using 'désespérer' when you mean 'espérer' completely reverses the intended meaning, turning a positive outlook into a negative one.
'Se décourager' means to become discouraged. It implies a loss of confidence or enthusiasm, but not necessarily a complete loss of hope. 'Désespérer' is a stronger, more profound state of hopelessness.
'Se lamenter' means to lament or complain. It focuses on expressing sadness and regret, often verbally. While despair can lead to lamentation, 'désespérer' itself is the state of losing hope, not necessarily the outward expression of sorrow.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— This is a playful twist on the children's game 'He loves me, he loves me not' (Il m'aime un peu, beaucoup, passionnément, à la folie, pas du tout). It's used humorously to describe a situation where hope fluctuates intensely.
Concernant ce projet, j'oscille entre 'désespérer un peu' et 'désespérer passionnément' chaque jour.
Informal/Humorous— To despair in vain; to express one's despair to no avail, as if talking to an empty space.
Il parlait de ses problèmes, mais il avait l'impression de désespérer dans le vide.
Neutral— To cause one's neighbor to despair; to act in a way that makes others lose hope.
Ses décisions irrationnelles ont fini par désespérer son équipe.
Neutral— To despair of everything; to lose hope in all aspects of life.
Après avoir tout perdu, il semblait désespérer de tout.
Neutral— To despair at the thought of. This emphasizes the mental anguish caused by contemplating a negative prospect.
Il désespérait à l'idée de devoir recommencer tout son travail.
Neutral— To despair without reason; to be needlessly pessimistic.
Il a tendance à désespérer sans motif, même quand tout va bien.
Neutral— To despair wrongly; to lose hope when there is still reason to hope.
Ne désespère pas à tort, il y a encore une chance.
Neutral— To despair over a trifle; to be overly sensitive to minor setbacks.
Elle a tendance à désespérer pour un rien, ce qui est épuisant pour son entourage.
Informal— To despair in one's cell; used metaphorically to describe feeling trapped and hopeless.
Il se sentait désespérer dans sa cellule d'isolement, sans contact avec le monde extérieur.
Figurative— To defy common sense; to do something so irrational that it makes one despair of logic.
Ses actions désespèrent le bon sens.
Figurativeبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both verbs relate to outlooks on the future and are derived from similar Latin roots ('sperare').
'Espérer' means to hope and implies a positive expectation or desire for a future event. 'Désespérer' means to lose hope, to abandon positive expectation, and implies a negative outlook where one believes a good outcome is impossible. They are direct opposites.
J'<strong>espère</strong> que le soleil brillera demain. (I hope the sun shines tomorrow.) vs. Je <strong>désespère</strong> qu'il pleuve. (I despair that it will rain.)
Both indicate a negative emotional response to difficulty.
'Se décourager' means to become discouraged, to lose one's motivation or bravery. It's a step towards despair but doesn't necessarily mean all hope is gone. 'Désespérer' signifies a complete or near-complete loss of hope, a more profound and often paralyzing state of hopelessness.
Il s'est <strong>découragé</strong> après la première difficulté. (He got discouraged after the first difficulty.) vs. Il a fini par <strong>désespérer</strong> de trouver une solution. (He ended up despairing of finding a solution.)
Both relate to a decline in positive mental fortitude.
'Perdre courage' means to lose one's bravery or nerve. One can lose courage and still retain some hope. 'Désespérer' is specifically about the loss of hope itself, suggesting that even the possibility of a positive outcome is gone. You can lose courage without despairing, but despair often involves a loss of courage.
Elle a <strong>perdu courage</strong> face à l'épreuve. (She lost her courage in the face of the ordeal.) vs. Elle a <strong>désespéré</strong> de pouvoir surmonter l'épreuve. (She despaired of being able to overcome the ordeal.)
The adjective is derived directly from the verb.
'Désespérer' is the verb, meaning to lose hope or to cause someone to lose hope. 'Désespéré' is the adjective, describing a person or situation that is characterized by despair or hopelessness. It's the state resulting from the action of the verb.
Il <strong>désespère</strong> de son avenir. (He despairs of his future.) vs. Son avenir est <strong>désespéré</strong>. (His future is hopeless.)
Both are adjectives derived from the verb 'désespérer'.
'Désespéré' (masculine) / 'désespérée' (feminine) describes a person who is experiencing despair or a situation that is characterized by despair. 'Désespérant' (masculine/feminine) describes something that causes despair or that is inherently hopeless, often used for abstract concepts or situations.
L'homme était <strong>désespéré</strong>. (The man was despaired/hopeless.) vs. La situation était <strong>désespérante</strong>. (The situation was despairing/hopeless.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
Subject + désespérer + de + infinitive
Il désespère de trouver un travail.
Il faut + ne pas + désespérer
Il ne faut pas désespérer.
Subject + se désespérer
Elle se désespère.
C'est + désespérant + !
C'est désespérant !
Subject + désespérer + que + Subjunctive
Je désespère qu'il pleuve.
Situation + est + désespérée
La situation est désespérée.
Il est + adjective + de + se + désespérer
Il est facile de se désespérer.
Subject + désespérer + de + noun phrase
Ils désespèrent de leur avenir.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Medium
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Using 'désespérer' for minor disappointments.
→
Using 'être déçu', 'être frustré', or 's'inquiéter'.
'Désespérer' implies a profound loss of hope. Using it for small issues is an overstatement. For example, missing a bus doesn't usually warrant 'désespérer'; 'Je suis déçu' is more appropriate.
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Confusing 'désespérer' with 'espérer'.
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Using 'espérer' for hope and 'désespérer' for loss of hope.
These are antonyms. 'J'espère qu'il viendra' (I hope he will come) is the opposite of 'Je désespère qu'il vienne' (I despair that he will come). This mistake completely inverts the meaning.
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Incorrect conjugation: 'Je désespére'.
→
Je désespère.
The 'é' in 'désespérer' changes to 'è' before a silent 'e' in the present tense conjugation (je, tu, il/elle/on). So, it's 'désespère', not 'désespére'.
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Incorrect preposition usage: 'Désespérer pour quelque chose'.
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'Désespérer de quelque chose' or 'se désespérer'.
While 'pour' might seem logical, the standard construction is 'désespérer de' + infinitive/noun or the reflexive 'se désespérer'. Example: 'Il désespère de trouver une solution.'
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Using 'désespérer' transitively when the reflexive is more natural.
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Using 'se désespérer' for personal feelings of despair.
While 'désespérer quelqu'un' is possible (e.g., 'Ses critiques me désespèrent'), for expressing one's own feeling of losing hope, the reflexive 'se désespérer' is much more common and natural. Example: 'Je me désespère en pensant à mon avenir.'
نکات
Intensity Matters
Remember that 'désespérer' is a strong verb. Use it when you genuinely mean a profound loss of hope, not just mild disappointment or frustration. Consider 'se décourager' for less intense feelings.
Mind the Accent!
Pay close attention to the spelling change: the 'é' in 'désespérer' becomes 'è' before a silent 'e' in the present tense (je désespère) and in the future/conditional. This is a common point of error.
Opposites are Key
To truly understand 'désespérer', contrast it with its antonym 'espérer' (to hope). Visualizing this opposition will help you remember the meaning and usage.
Stress the End
The stress in 'désespérer' falls on the last syllable: dé-sé-RER. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation more natural.
Look for the Nuance
When you hear or read 'désespérer', pay attention to the surrounding words. Does it refer to a personal feeling, a societal issue, or a creative block? The context will clarify the specific shade of meaning.
Connect to 'Desperate'
The English word 'desperate' shares a Latin root with 'désespérer'. This linguistic link can serve as a powerful mnemonic device for remembering the meaning of profound hopelessness.
Subjunctive Trigger
When using 'désespérer' followed by 'que' to express a negative expectation or fear about an event, remember to use the subjunctive mood in the subordinate clause. Example: 'Je désespère qu'il arrive.' (I despair that he will arrive.)
Reflexive vs. Transitive
Distinguish between 'se désespérer' (to despair, focusing on the internal state) and 'désespérer quelqu'un/quelque chose' (to cause someone to despair or to lose hope in something). The reflexive form is very common for personal feelings.
Adjective Forms
Be aware of the adjective forms: 'désespéré(e)' (hopeless/desperate person or situation) and 'désespérant(e)' (causing despair/hopeless). Use them appropriately to describe states or qualities.
Use it in Sentences
The best way to master 'désespérer' is to actively use it. Try writing your own sentences describing characters or situations where hope is lost. The more you practice, the more natural it will become.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a person 'de-' (away from) everything they used to 'sper-' (hope) for. They are now completely devoid of hope, hence 'désespérer'. Think of a sinking ship: you are 'away from' any shore, and you 'sper-' no rescue, you 'désespérez'.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a person sitting alone in a dark, empty room, head in hands, with a single, flickering candle that is about to go out. This image represents the fading light of hope and the onset of despair.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use 'désespérer' in a sentence describing a character in a book or movie who is going through a very tough time. Focus on the moment they start to lose hope.
ریشه کلمه
The word 'désespérer' comes from the Latin 'desperare', which is formed from the prefix 'de-' (meaning 'away', 'from', or indicating negation/reversal) and the verb 'sperare' (meaning 'to hope'). Thus, its literal meaning is 'to lose hope' or 'to give up hope'.
معنای اصلی: To give up hope.
Indo-European > Italic > Latin > Romance > Frenchبافت فرهنگی
The word 'désespérer' and the state of despair are serious. Use it accurately to reflect a genuine loss of hope, rather than for minor disappointments.
In English, 'to despair' or 'to lose hope' are direct equivalents. The adjective 'desperate' is closely related.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Personal struggles and challenges
- Je commence à désespérer de trouver une solution.
- Il ne faut pas désespérer face aux difficultés.
- Elle se désespère de sa situation.
Difficult social or political situations
- Les citoyens désespèrent de l'avenir de leur pays.
- Il désespère que la situation s'améliore.
- Ne désespérez pas de la capacité des nations à coopérer.
Creative or professional setbacks
- L'artiste désespère de voir son œuvre reconnue.
- Les chercheurs désespèrent de trouver un remède.
- Il a failli désespérer de réussir son projet.
Expressions of deep sadness or loss
- Elle se désespère depuis la perte de son emploi.
- Il se désespère à l'idée de devoir partir.
- C'est désespérant de voir tant de souffrance.
Philosophical or existential discussions
- Certains philosophes explorent le thème du désespoir.
- Il est important de ne pas désespérer de la nature humaine.
- L'individu peut se désespérer face à l'absurdité de la vie.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"Have you ever felt like you were about to 'désespérer' about something important?"
"When do you think it's okay to 'désespérer' of a situation, and when should you keep trying?"
"Can you think of a time when someone encouraged you not to 'désespérer'?"
"How does the idea of 'désespérer' differ from simply being sad or disappointed?"
"In what kind of stories or movies do you often see characters who 'se désespèrent'?"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe a situation where you felt you were starting to 'désespérer'. What were the circumstances, and how did you cope?
Write a short story where a character has to overcome a moment of deep despair. Use the verb 'désespérer' multiple times.
Reflect on the difference between 'désespérer' and 'perdre courage'. When might one lead to the other?
Imagine you are advising someone who is about to 'désespérer'. What would you say to them?
Explore the idea of 'ne pas désespérer de la bonté humaine'. What does this mean to you, and can you give an example?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالThe verb 'désespérer' can be transitive (with a direct object) or intransitive. When transitive, it means to cause someone to lose hope or to lose hope in something specific (e.g., 'Ses mensonges me désespèrent' - His lies despair me). The reflexive form 'se désespérer' means 'to despair' or 'to become despairing' and emphasizes the internal emotional state of the subject (e.g., 'Il se désespère en pensant à son avenir' - He despairs thinking about his future).
No, 'désespérer' is a strong word indicating a profound loss of hope. For minor issues, you would use words like 'être déçu' (to be disappointed), 'être frustré' (to be frustrated), or 's'inquiéter' (to worry). Using 'désespérer' for small problems would sound overly dramatic.
It depends on the construction. When expressing loss of hope regarding an action or a noun, 'de' is commonly used (e.g., 'désespérer de trouver une solution'). When expressing losing hope in a person or a specific thing directly, it can take a direct object (e.g., 'Je désespère mon ami'). The reflexive form 'se désespérer' often stands alone or is followed by adverbs or clauses explaining the cause of despair.
'Désespérer' is a regular -er verb with a spelling change similar to 'espérer'. The 'é' becomes 'è' before a silent 'e' in the present tense (je désespère, tu désespère, il désespère) and in the future/conditional tenses (je désespérerai). The past participle is 'désespéré'.
Yes, the adjective 'désespéré' (masculine) / 'désespérée' (feminine) directly translates to 'desperate' or 'hopeless' in English. It describes someone or something in a state of extreme lack of hope.
'Désespéré(e)' usually describes a person who feels despair or a situation that is inherently without hope. 'Désespérant(e)' often describes something that *causes* despair or that is bleak and hopeless, like a landscape or a prognosis.
Yes, when 'désespérer' expresses a negative expectation or fear about an event, it is followed by 'que' and the subjunctive mood. For example: 'Il désespère que nous arrivions à temps.' (He despairs that we will arrive on time.)
Common phrases include 'Ne désespère pas !' (Don't despair!), 'Il ne faut pas désespérer.' (One must not despair.), and 'une situation désespérée' (a hopeless situation).
Yes, the core meaning of 'désespérer' is negative, relating to the loss of hope. However, the context can sometimes imply a call to action against despair, as in 'Ne désespère pas!' which is an encouragement.
The noun form is 'le désespoir', which means 'despair' or 'hopelessness'.
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Summary
To 'désespérer' is to actively lose or abandon hope, signifying a profound state of discouragement where one believes a positive outcome is impossible.
- To lose hope.
- To abandon optimism about an outcome.
- To reach a state of deep discouragement.
- To feel a situation is irrecoverable.
Intensity Matters
Remember that 'désespérer' is a strong verb. Use it when you genuinely mean a profound loss of hope, not just mild disappointment or frustration. Consider 'se décourager' for less intense feelings.
Mind the Accent!
Pay close attention to the spelling change: the 'é' in 'désespérer' becomes 'è' before a silent 'e' in the present tense (je désespère) and in the future/conditional. This is a common point of error.
Opposites are Key
To truly understand 'désespérer', contrast it with its antonym 'espérer' (to hope). Visualizing this opposition will help you remember the meaning and usage.
Stress the End
The stress in 'désespérer' falls on the last syllable: dé-sé-RER. Practicing this rhythm will make your pronunciation more natural.
مثال
Il ne faut jamais désespérer de trouver une solution.
محتوای مرتبط
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
عبارات مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر emotions
à contrecœur
B1انجام دادن کاری از روی بی میلی یا ناخواسته.
à fleur de peau
B1Oversensitive; easily affected emotionally.
à la fois
B1به معنای «در آن واحد» یا «همزمان» است.
à l'aise
A2احساس راحتی، آرامش و عدم خجالت یا نگرانی.
à regret
B1With regret; reluctantly.
abandon
B1عمل ترک کردن کسی یا چیزی به طور دائمی.
abasourdi
B1Stunned, dumbfounded, greatly astonished or shocked.
abattement
A2حالت ناامیدی شدید یا از دست دادن توان جسمی و روحی.
abattu
A2افسرده؛ ناامید؛ بیحال.
abominable
B1Causing moral revulsion; detestable.
