मित्र در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Mitra is the formal Hindi word for 'friend'.
- It is a masculine noun of Sanskrit origin.
- It is used in literature, news, and formal speeches.
- The abstract noun for friendship is 'mitrata'.
The Hindi word मित्र (Mitra) is a profound noun that transcends the simple English translation of 'friend.' Rooted deeply in the Sanskrit 'Mitr,' it historically refers to a deity of friendship and alliances. In modern Hindi, it represents a person with whom one shares a bond of mutual affection, trust, and shared values. Unlike the more casual 'dost' (of Persian origin), 'mitra' often carries a slightly more formal, literary, or respectful weight, though it is used across all registers of the language. It implies a sense of loyalty and a relationship that is sanctioned by social or moral understanding.
- Grammatical Gender
- Masculine (Pulling). Even when referring to a female friend in a general sense, 'mitra' remains masculine, though 'saheli' is the specific term for a female friend of a female.
- Etymological Root
- Derived from the Sanskrit root 'mi' (to bind), suggesting a bond that holds people together.
- Register
- Standard to Formal. Frequently used in literature, news, and formal introductions.
सच्चा मित्र वही है जो मुसीबत में काम आए। (A true friend is one who helps in times of trouble.)
In the hierarchy of social relationships in India, a 'mitra' is someone who is considered part of the inner circle. The term is often used in compound words like 'param-mitra' (best friend). The cultural weight of 'mitra' is also seen in historical alliances where kings would call each other 'mitra' to signify a non-aggression pact. In a modern context, while 'dost' is the king of the streets and Bollywood songs, 'mitra' is the word you will find in textbooks, formal letters, and high-quality prose. It suggests a relationship built on 'maitri' (friendship/kindness), which is one of the four sublime states in Indian philosophy.
राम और श्याम बचपन के मित्र हैं। (Ram and Shyam are childhood friends.)
Understanding 'mitra' also requires understanding its antonym 'shatru' (enemy). The duality of 'mitra-shatru' is a common theme in Indian political science (Arthashastra). A 'mitra' is not just a companion but a protector of one's interests. In spiritual contexts, God is often addressed as the 'Supreme Mitra' who never abandons the devotee. This adds a layer of sanctity to the word that 'dost' might lack in certain traditional contexts.
पुस्तकों से अच्छा कोई मित्र नहीं होता। (There is no better friend than books.)
वह मेरा प्रिय मित्र है। (He is my dear friend.)
मित्रता की कोई सीमा नहीं होती। (Friendship has no boundaries.)
Using 'mitra' correctly involves understanding its grammatical behavior and its social nuances. As a masculine noun, it dictates the gender of accompanying adjectives and verbs. For example, 'achha mitra' (good friend) uses the masculine 'achha' rather than the feminine 'achhi.' Even if the friend is female, in formal standard Hindi, 'mitra' is often treated as a generic masculine term, though modern usage is evolving.
- Subject-Verb Agreement
- 'Mera mitra aa raha hai' (My friend is coming). The verb 'raha hai' is masculine singular.
- Oblique Case
- When followed by a postposition (like ka, se, ko), 'mitra' becomes 'mitron' in plural. Example: 'Apne mitron se milo' (Meet your friends).
- Compound Usage
- It is often paired with 'shubhchintak' (well-wisher) to form 'mitra aur shubhchintak'.
In professional settings, you might use 'mitra' to refer to a colleague with whom you have a personal bond. In a speech, addressing the audience as 'Mere pyare mitron' (My dear friends) is a classic way to establish rapport. However, be careful with the word 'Yaar,' which is a synonym for friend but highly informal; never replace 'mitra' with 'yaar' in a formal essay or a letter to an elder.
When describing the quality of friendship, 'mitra' is the base for the abstract noun 'mitrata' (friendship). You would say 'Hamari mitrata purani hai' (Our friendship is old). Notice that 'mitrata' is feminine, so the adjective 'purani' is feminine. This distinction between the person (mitra - masc) and the concept (mitrata - fem) is crucial for learners.
Another nuance is the use of 'mitra' in the context of 'Maitri' (loving-kindness). In Buddhist and Hindu philosophy, 'Maitri' is a meditation practice. While 'mitra' is the person, 'maitri' is the quality of being a friend to all living beings. Using 'mitra' in your vocabulary shows an appreciation for the Sanskrit-derived 'Tatsam' layer of Hindi, which is often seen as more prestigious in academic and literary circles.
You will encounter 'mitra' in various environments, ranging from the extremely formal to the culturally rich. In Indian schools, the 'Panchatantra' stories often revolve around the 'Mitra-bheda' (loss of friends) and 'Mitra-labha' (winning of friends). These fables use 'mitra' to teach children the value of loyalty and the dangers of bad company.
In the media, news anchors might use 'mitra' when discussing diplomatic relations between countries, such as 'Bharat aur Russia mitra desh hain' (India and Russia are friendly nations). This usage elevates the relationship from a mere 'partnership' to a 'friendship.' In Bollywood, while 'dost' is more frequent in songs, 'mitra' appears in more soulful or traditional tracks, often to evoke a sense of timelessness or purity.
Public speaking is another major arena. Political leaders often start their addresses with 'Mitron!' (Friends!), a practice made famous by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In this context, it is used to create a sense of collective identity and intimacy with a large crowd. You will also find it in formal invitations, where a host might refer to the guests as 'mitra-gan' (the circle of friends).
In literature, especially in the works of Premchand or Jaishankar Prasad, 'mitra' is the standard term. It carries the weight of character and moral standing. If a character in a story is described as a 'mitra,' the reader immediately expects a certain level of nobility and reliability from them. Contrast this with 'saathi,' which might just mean a companion on a journey, or 'yaar,' which might imply a partner in mischief.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing the gender agreement. Since 'mitra' ends in a consonant, some assume it might be feminine or neutral. Remember: Mitra is always masculine. Even if you are talking about your female friend, you say 'Mera mitra' if you choose to use this word. However, for female friends, 'saheli' is the natural choice for women, while men usually just use 'dost' or 'mitra' for friends of any gender.
Another mistake is the over-formalization of daily speech. If you are at a party with teenagers in Delhi or Mumbai and you keep using 'mitra,' you might sound like a textbook or a 19th-century poet. In casual settings, 'dost' or 'yaar' is much more appropriate. Use 'mitra' when you want to be respectful, formal, or when writing.
Pluralization is also a tripping point. The direct plural is 'mitra' (e.g., 'Ve mere mitra hain' - They are my friends). Learners often incorrectly say 'mitre' or 'mitray'. The form 'mitron' is only for the oblique case (when followed by a postposition) or when calling out to a group (vocative). For example, 'Mitron, suniye!' (Friends, listen!).
Finally, don't confuse 'mitra' with 'mantri' (minister). They sound somewhat similar to a beginner's ear but have entirely different meanings. Also, ensure you don't use 'mitra' for a romantic partner unless you specifically mean 'friend.' While 'boyfriend' can be 'mitra' in a very literal sense, Hindi has other terms like 'premi' or the English loanword 'boyfriend' to avoid ambiguity.
Hindi has a rich vocabulary for friendship, each with its own flavor. The most common synonym is दोष (Dost). Originating from Persian, 'dost' is the universal word for friend in India. It is warm, colloquial, and used by everyone regardless of the formality of the situation. If 'mitra' is a 'gentleman,' 'dost' is a 'buddy.'
सखा (Sakha) is another Sanskrit synonym, but it is even more literary than 'mitra.' It often carries a mythological or spiritual connotation, like the relationship between Krishna and Arjuna. A 'sakha' is a soulmate-level friend. The feminine version is सखी (Sakhi), often used in poetry to describe a woman's confidante.
साथी (Saathi) means 'companion' or 'partner.' It comes from 'saath' (with). While a 'mitra' is a friend, a 'saathi' is someone who walks the path with you. It can be used for a life partner (jeevan-saathi) or a comrade in a struggle. सहचर (Sahchar) is a very formal term meaning 'one who moves with you,' often used in high-level literature.
यार (Yaar) is the equivalent of 'dude' or 'mate.' It is extremely informal and should be used only with close friends of the same age. Using 'yaar' with a boss or a teacher is a major social faux pas. परिचित (Parichit), on the other hand, means 'acquaintance'—someone you know but aren't necessarily friends with. Knowing when to use 'parichit' versus 'mitra' is key to navigating Indian social circles.
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Masculine noun endings
Oblique case for plural nouns
Adjective-Noun agreement
Genitive case (ka/ke/ki)
Vocative case
مثالها بر اساس سطح
वह मेरा मित्र है।
He is my friend.
Subject + Possessive + Noun + Verb.
मेरा मित्र कहाँ है?
Where is my friend?
Interrogative sentence.
यह मेरा अच्छा मित्र है।
This is my good friend.
Adjective 'achha' agrees with masculine 'mitra'.
क्या वह आपका मित्र है?
Is he your friend?
Yes/No question structure.
मेरे दो मित्र हैं।
I have two friends.
Plural 'mitra' remains unchanged in direct case.
मित्र, इधर आओ।
Friend, come here.
Vocative usage.
मेरा मित्र दिल्ली में है।
My friend is in Delhi.
Locative postposition 'mein'.
वह एक छोटा मित्र है।
He is a little friend.
Simple adjective usage.
मैं अपने मित्र के साथ खेलता हूँ।
I play with my friend.
Use of 'ke saath' (with).
मेरे मित्र का नाम राहुल है।
My friend's name is Rahul.
Genitive 'ka' used with 'mitra'.
हम दोनों बहुत अच्छे मित्र हैं।
We both are very good friends.
Plural agreement 'hain'.
क्या आप मेरे मित्र बनेंगे?
Will you become my friend?
Future tense 'banenge'.
मेरा मित्र बहुत दयालु है।
My friend is very kind.
Adjective 'dayalu' (kind).
मैं अपने मित्र को पत्र लिखता हूँ।
I write a letter to my friend.
Indirect object with 'ko'.
मेरे मित्र के पास एक कुत्ता है।
My friend has a dog.
Possession using 'ke paas'.
कल मेरा मित्र घर आएगा।
Tomorrow my friend will come home.
Future tense 'aayega'.
सच्चे मित्र हमेशा मदद करते हैं।
True friends always help.
Adjective 'sachhe' in plural.
मैंने अपने पुराने मित्रों को पार्टी में बुलाया।
I invited my old friends to the party.
Oblique plural 'mitron' with 'ko'.
मित्रता का रिश्ता सबसे प्यारा होता है।
The bond of friendship is the loveliest.
Abstract noun 'mitrata'.
वह केवल एक मित्र नहीं, मेरा भाई है।
He is not just a friend, he is my brother.
Comparative 'keval... nahi'.
हमें अपने मित्रों का सम्मान करना चाहिए।
We should respect our friends.
Modal 'chahiye' (should).
विपत्ति में ही मित्र की पहचान होती है।
A friend is recognized only in adversity.
Proverbial structure.
मेरे मित्र ने मुझे एक अच्छी सलाह दी।
My friend gave me good advice.
Ergative 'ne' with past tense.
वह अपने मित्रों के बीच बहुत लोकप्रिय है।
He is very popular among his friends.
Postposition 'ke beech'.
एक सच्चा मित्र वह है जो आपकी कमियों को बताए।
A true friend is one who tells you your flaws.
Relative clause 'wah hai jo'.
भारत और जापान मित्र राष्ट्र हैं।
India and Japan are friendly nations.
Formal political usage.
मित्रता में स्वार्थ का कोई स्थान नहीं होता।
There is no place for selfishness in friendship.
Abstract concept.
उसने अपने मित्र के लिए बड़ी कुर्बानी दी।
He made a great sacrifice for his friend.
Compound postposition 'ke liye'.
मित्रों के बिना जीवन अधूरा लगता है।
Life feels incomplete without friends.
Postposition 'ke bina'.
उसकी बातों से लगा कि वह मेरा मित्र है।
From his words, it felt like he is my friend.
Complex sentence with 'ki'.
मित्रता की नींव भरोसे पर टिकी होती है।
The foundation of friendship rests on trust.
Metaphorical usage.
वह अपने मित्र की सफलता पर बहुत खुश था।
He was very happy at his friend's success.
Genitive agreement.
साहित्य में मित्र को अक्सर एक मार्गदर्शक के रूप में देखा जाता है।
In literature, a friend is often seen as a guide.
Passive construction 'dekha jata hai'.
कृष्ण और सुदामा की मित्रता एक मिसाल है।
The friendship of Krishna and Sudama is an example.
Cultural reference.
मित्र के वेश में शत्रु से सावधान रहना चाहिए।
One should be careful of an enemy in the guise of a friend.
Idiomatic warning.
उनकी प्रगाढ़ मित्रता वर्षों के अनुभव से उपजी है।
Their deep friendship has arisen from years of experience.
Advanced vocabulary 'pragadh' (deep).
मित्रता केवल सुख का साथी नहीं, दुख का सहभागी भी है।
Friendship is not just a companion in happiness, but a sharer in sorrow too.
Parallel structure.
उसने अपने मित्र के विरुद्ध जाने से इनकार कर दिया।
He refused to go against his friend.
Postposition 'ke viruddh'.
एक बौद्धिक मित्र आपकी सोच को नई दिशा दे सकता है।
An intellectual friend can give a new direction to your thinking.
Abstract adjective 'bauddhik'.
मित्रता का निर्वाह करना एक कला है।
Maintaining a friendship is an art.
Gerundive usage 'nirvah karna'.
मित्रता की अवधारणा समय के साथ विकसित होती रही है।
The concept of friendship has been evolving over time.
Continuous aspect 'hoti rahi hai'.
कौटिल्य के अनुसार, मित्र राज्य की सात प्रकृतियों में से एक है।
According to Kautilya, a friend (ally) is one of the seven elements of the state.
Historical/Political reference.
आत्मिक मित्रता भौतिक लाभ-हानि से परे होती है।
Spiritual friendship is beyond material gain or loss.
Philosophical vocabulary.
मित्र शब्द की व्युत्पत्ति संस्कृत के 'मि' धातु से हुई है।
The word 'mitra' is derived from the Sanskrit root 'mi'.
Etymological explanation.
सच्ची मित्रता में मौन भी संवाद का एक सशक्त माध्यम बन जाता है।
In true friendship, even silence becomes a powerful medium of communication.
Paradoxical statement.
राजनीतिक परिदृश्य में मित्र और शत्रु की परिभाषाएँ बदलती रहती हैं।
In the political landscape, definitions of friend and foe keep changing.
Complex subject 'paridrishya'.
मैत्री भाव का विस्तार ही विश्व शांति का आधार है।
The expansion of the spirit of friendship is the basis of world peace.
Global/Ethical context.
मित्रता के गहन रहस्यों को केवल अनुभवी हृदय ही समझ सकता है।
Only an experienced heart can understand the deep mysteries of friendship.
Poetic/Metaphorical.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Informal/Common
Antonym (Enemy)
Companion/Partner
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
Mitra is more formal than Dost.
Don't pluralize to 'mitre'.
نکات
Gender Check
Always treat 'mitra' as masculine. Use 'mera' and 'achha'.
Formal Choice
Choose 'mitra' for essays, exams, and formal speeches.
Mythology
Read stories of Krishna and Sudama to see 'mitra' in action.
Soft 'T'
The 't' in mitra is dental, like in 'thief' but unaspirated.
Compound Words
Use 'param-mitra' to show a very close bond.
Networking
Calling a new acquaintance 'mitra' can be a polite way to build rapport.
Root Word
Knowing the root 'mi' helps you learn 'maitri' and 'mitrata'.
News Context
Listen for 'mitra desh' in international news.
Oblique Form
Only use 'mitron' when a word like 'ko' or 'se' follows.
Poetic Flair
In poetry, 'mitra' sounds more soulful than 'dost'.
حفظ کنید
ریشه کلمه
Sanskrit
بافت فرهنگی
Krishna and Sudama are the ultimate symbols of 'Mitrata' across social classes.
Men usually hug friends; women may hold hands. 'Mitra' is a safe word for both.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"क्या आप मेरे मित्र बनेंगे?"
"आपका सबसे अच्छा मित्र कौन है?"
"हम मित्र बन सकते हैं?"
"मेरे मित्र, आप कैसे हैं?"
"क्या वह आपका मित्र है?"
موضوعات نگارش
सच्चे मित्र के गुण क्या हैं?
अपने बचपन के मित्र के बारे में लिखें।
मित्रता क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है?
क्या पुस्तकें हमारी मित्र हो सकती हैं?
एक अच्छे मित्र ने आपकी मदद कब की?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالYes, it can be used for any gender, but it remains grammatically masculine. Women often use 'saheli' for female friends.
'Mitra' is Sanskrit-based and formal; 'dost' is Persian-based and casual.
You can say 'sabse achha mitra' or 'param mitra'.
Yes, 'Mitra' is used as a surname and sometimes a first name in India.
It is 'mitra' (direct) or 'mitron' (oblique/vocative).
It is technically correct but might be seen as too platonic. 'Premi' is more specific.
Yes, in formal business relations, countries are called 'mitra desh'.
It is the abstract noun meaning 'friendship'.
Yes, it is very polite and respectful.
Yes, 'Mitron' is a very popular way to address an audience.
خودت رو بسنج 181 سوال
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نمره کامل!
Summary
While 'dost' is common for daily chat, 'mitra' adds a layer of respect and formality, making it ideal for writing and professional contexts.
- Mitra is the formal Hindi word for 'friend'.
- It is a masculine noun of Sanskrit origin.
- It is used in literature, news, and formal speeches.
- The abstract noun for friendship is 'mitrata'.
Gender Check
Always treat 'mitra' as masculine. Use 'mera' and 'achha'.
Formal Choice
Choose 'mitra' for essays, exams, and formal speeches.
Mythology
Read stories of Krishna and Sudama to see 'mitra' in action.
Soft 'T'
The 't' in mitra is dental, like in 'thief' but unaspirated.
مثال
वह मेरा सबसे अच्छा मित्र है।
محتوای مرتبط
این کلمه در زبانهای دیگر
عبارات مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر family
आबाद
B1مسکونی، آباد؛ پرجمعیت و پررونق.
आँचल
B1گوشه ساری (نماد حمایت مادرانه).
आचरण
B1The way a person behaves; conduct.
आँगन
A2حیاط خلوت یا صحن خانه که سقف ندارد و دور آن اتاقها قرار دارند.
आंगन
A2حیاط داخلی خانه.
आग्रह करना
B1از کسی با اصرار و ادب خواستن که کاری را انجام دهد.
आज्ञा
B1یک دستور یا اجازه رسمی.
आज्ञा का पालन करना
B1اطاعت از دستورات یا فرمانها.
आज्ञा मानना
A2اطاعت کردن از یک فرمان یا قانون. (او از پدرش اطاعت کرد. / او باید از قوانین اطاعت کند.)
आज्ञा पालन करना
B1اطاعت کردن
